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Ketkov SY, Tzeng SY, Rychagova EA, Lukoyanov AN, Tzeng WB. Effect of a single methyl substituent on the electronic structure of cobaltocene studied by computationally assisted MATI spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1046-1056. [PMID: 38095021 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Metallocenes represent archetypical organometallic compounds playing key roles in various fields of fundamental and applied chemistry. Many of their unique properties arise from low ionization energies (IE) which can be tuned by introducing substituents into the rings. Here we report the first mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectrum of a methylmetallocene, (Cp')(Cp)Co (Cp' = η5-C5H4Me, Cp = η5-C5H5). The presence of a single Me group allows us to study the "pure" effect of methylation without the mutual influence of substituents. The MATI technique provides an extremely high accuracy in determining the adiabatic IE of (Cp')(Cp)Co which equals 5.2097(6) eV. The effect of a Me group on the IE of cobaltocene appears to be 36% stronger than that in bis(η6-benzene)chromium. The MATI spectrum of (Cp')(Cp)Co shows a rich vibronic structure from which vibrational frequencies of the free ion are determined. This information provides a solid basis for testing the quality of quantum chemical calculations. Various levels of the DFT and coupled cluster computations are used to describe the structural and electronic transformations accompanying the detachment of an elctron from (Cp')(Cp)Co. New aspects of the methyl substituent influence on the potential energy surfaces, as well as on the inhomogeneous changes in charge density and electrostatic potential caused by ionization, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, 49 Tropinin St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Sheng-Yuan Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Elena A Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, 49 Tropinin St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton N Lukoyanov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, 49 Tropinin St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Wen-Bih Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Zhao H, Pan Y, Lau KC. Ferrocene/ferrocenium, cobaltocene/cobaltocenium and nickelocene/nickelocenium: from gas phase ionization energy to one-electron reduction potential in solvated medium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37325896 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01904g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose a theoretical procedure for accurate determination of reduction potentials for three metallocene couples, Cp2M+/Cp2M, where M = Fe, Co and Ni. This procedure first computes the gas phase ionization energy (IE) using the explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12 method and includes the zero-point energy correction, core-valence electronic correlation, and relativistic and spin-orbit coupling effects. By means of Born-Haber thermochemical cycle, the one-electron reduction potential is obtained as the sum of the gas phase IE and the corresponding Gibbs free energies of solvation (ΔGsolv) for both the neutral and cationic species. Among the three solvent models (PCM, SMD and uESE) investigated here, it turns out that only the SMD model (computed at the DFT level) gives the best estimation of the value for "ΔGsolv(cation) - ΔGsolv(neutral)" and thus, combining with the accurate IE values, the theoretical protocol is capable of yielding reliable values (in V) for , and . These predictions compare favorably with the available experimental data (in V): , , and . We show that our theoretical procedure is reliable for accurate reduction potential predictions of Cp2Fe+/Cp2Fe, Cp2Co+/Cp2Co and Cp2Ni+/Cp2Ni redox couples in aqueous and non-aqueous media; the maximum absolute deviation is as small as ≈120 mV, which outperforms those of the existing theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Aðalsteinsson HM, Bjornsson R. Ionization energies of metallocenes: a coupled cluster study of cobaltocene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4570-4587. [PMID: 36723003 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04715b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Open-shell transition metal chemistry presents challenges to contemporary electronic structure methods, based on either density functional or wavefunction theory. While CCSD(T) is the well-trusted gold standard for maingroup thermochemistry, the accuracy and robustness of the method is less clear for open-shell transition metal chemistry, requiring benchmarking of CCSD(T)-based protocols against either higher-level theory or experiment. Ionization energies (IEs) of metallocenes provide an interesting test case with metallocenes being common redox reagents as well as playing roles as redox mediators and cocatalysts in redox catalysis. Using highly accurate ZEKE-MATI experimental measurements of gas phase adiabatic (5.3275 ± 0.0006 eV) and vertical (5.4424 ± 0.0006 eV) ionization energies of cobaltocene, we systematically assessed the accuracy of the local coupled-cluster method DLPNO-CCSD(T) with respect to geometry, reference determinant, basis set size and extrapolation schemes, PNO cut-off and extrapolation, local triples approximation, relativistic effects and core-valence correlation. We show that PNO errors are controllable via the recently introduced PNO extrapolation schemes and that the expensive iterative triples (T1) contribution can be made more manageable by calculating it as a smaller-basis/smaller PNO-cutoff correction. The reference determinant turns out to be a critical aspect in these calculations with the HF determinant resulting in large DLPNO-CCSD(T) errors, likely due to the qualitatively flawed molecular orbital spectrum. The BP86 functional on the other hand was found to provide reference orbitals giving small DLPNO-CCSD(T) errors, likely due to more realistic orbitals as suggested by the more consistent MO spectrum compared to HF. A protocol including complete basis set extrapolations with correlation-consistent basis sets, complete PNO space extrapolations, iterative triples- and core-valence correlation corrections was found to give errors of -0.07 eV and -0.03 eV for adiabatic- and vertical-IE of cobaltocene, respectively, giving close to chemical accuracy for both properties. A computationally efficient DLPNO-CCSD(T) protocol was devised and tested against adiabatic ionization energies of 6 different metallocenes (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). For the other metallocenes, the iterative triples (T1) and PNO extrapolation contributions turn out to be even more important. The results give errors close to the experimental uncertainty, similar to recent auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo results. The quality of the reference determinant orbitals is identified as the main source of uncertainty in CCSD(T) calculations of metallocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex, France.
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Ketkov SY, Rychagova EA. Influence of Ionization and Spin Transitions on Electron Delocalization in the Molecules of Transition Metal Sandwich Complexes. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143923010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Ketkov S, Tzeng SY, Rychagova E, Tzeng WB. Ionization of Decamethylmanganocene: Insights from the DFT-Assisted Laser Spectroscopy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196226. [PMID: 36234763 PMCID: PMC9573365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallocenes represent one of the most important classes of organometallics with wide prospects for practical use in various fields of chemistry, materials science, molecular electronics, and biomedicine. Many applications of these metal complexes are based on their ability to form molecular ions. We report the first results concerning the changes in the molecular and electronic structure of decamethylmanganocene, Cp*2Mn, upon ionization provided by the high-resolution mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations. The precise ionization energy of Cp*2Mn is determined as 5.349 ± 0.001 eV. The DFT modeling of the MATI spectrum shows that the main structural deformations accompanying the detachment of an electron consist in the elongation of the Mn-C bonds and a change in the Me out-of-plane bending angles. Surprisingly, the DFT calculations predict that most of the reduction in electron density (ED) upon ionization is associated with the hydrogen atoms of the substituents, despite the metal character of the ionized orbital. However, the ED difference isosurfaces reveal a complex mechanism of the charge redistribution involving also the carbon atoms of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ketkov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (W.-B.T.)
| | - Sheng-Yuan Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Wen-Bih Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (W.-B.T.)
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Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Metal Cluster Size-Dependent Activation Energies of Growth of Single-Chirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes inside Metallocene-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102649. [PMID: 34685090 PMCID: PMC8539448 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
By combining in situ annealing and Raman spectroscopy measurements, the growth dynamics of nine individual-chirality inner tubes (8,8), (12,3), (13,1), (9,6), (10,4), (11,2), (11,1), (9,3) and (9,2) with diameters from ~0.8 to 1.1 nm are monitored using a time resolution of several minutes. The growth mechanism of inner tubes implies two successive stages of the growth on the carburized and purely metallic catalytic particles, respectively, which are formed as a result of the thermally induced decomposition of metallocenes inside the outer SWCNTs. The activation energies of the growth on carburized Ni and Co catalytic particles amount to 1.85–2.57 eV and 1.80–2.71 eV, respectively. They decrease monotonically as the tube diameter decreases, independent of the metal type. The activation energies of the growth on purely metallic Ni and Co particles equal 1.49–1.91 eV and 0.77–1.79 eV, respectively. They increase as the tube diameter decreases. The activation energies of the growth of large-diameter tubes (dt = ~0.95–1.10 nm) on Ni catalyst are significantly larger than on Co catalyst, whereas the values of small-diameter tubes (dt = ~0.80–0.95 nm) are similar. For both metals, no dependence of the activation energies on the chirality of inner tubes is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/2, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok, 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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7
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Ketkov SY, Tzeng SY, Rychagova EA, Markin GV, Makarov SG, Tzeng WB. Laser spectroscopic and computational insights into unexpected structural behaviours of sandwich complexes upon ionization. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10729-10736. [PMID: 34231616 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01887f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal sandwich complexes play key roles in various fields such as fundamental and applied chemistry; many of their unique properties arise from their ability to form stable or reactive ions. The first mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectra of mixed sandwich compounds, (Ch)(Cp)Cr and (Cot)(Cp)Ti (Ch = η7-C7H7, Cp = η5-C5H5, Cot = η8-C8H8), presented in this work provide an extremely accurate description of the electron detachment. The ionization energies of the neutrals and stabilization energies of the metal-ligand interactions upon ionization are derived from the MATI data with an accuracy of 0.0006 eV. In combination with DFT calculations, laser threshold ionization spectroscopy reveals surprisingly different structural variations accompanying the detachment of the non-bonding dz2 electron from the sandwich molecules. The geometry of (Ch)(Cp)Cr remains practically unchanged while the ionization of (Cot)(Cp)Ti causes a noticeable shortening of the inter-ring distance, similar to that resulting from the ionization of a typical antibonding orbital. Electron density analysis throws light on the nature of these amazing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu Ketkov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russian Federation.
| | - Sheng-Yuan Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan.
| | - Elena A Rychagova
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russian Federation.
| | - Gennady V Markin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russian Federation.
| | - Sergei G Makarov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russian Federation.
| | - Wen-Bih Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan.
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8
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Ketkov SY, Rychagova EA, Zhigulin GY, Tzeng SY, Tzeng WB. Quantum-Chemical Modeling of the Mass-analyzed Threshold Ionization Spectra of Ferrocene and Cobaltocene. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143920060077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Ketkov S. Substituent effects on the electronic structures of sandwich compounds: new understandings provided by DFT-assisted laser ionization spectroscopy of bisarene complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:569-577. [PMID: 31903470 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04440j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances on substituent effects in transition metal bisarene complexes studied with high-resolution threshold ionization spectroscopy are reviewed to demonstrate new aspects of the ligand influence on electronic structures of sandwich molecules. Unprecedented accuracy in the determination of ionization energies provided by the laser techniques makes it possible to reveal and describe quantitatively such fine phenomena as isotope effects, the mutual substituent influence or variations of substituent effects on replacing the central metal atom with its Group analogues. In combination with DFT calculations, laser ionization spectroscopy unveils mechanisms of the ligand influence on unique redox properties of sandwich complexes which are of key importance for their practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ketkov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, Tropinin St. 49, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation.
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10
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Ketkov S, Rychagova E. Electronic excited states of mixed sandwich complexes, (η7-C7H7)(η5-C5H5)M (M = V, Cr): Investigation with time-dependent density functional theory. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Gunzer F, Krüger S, Grotemeyer J. Photoionization and photofragmentation in mass spectrometry with visible and UV lasers. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:202-217. [PMID: 30300954 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the introduction of laser technology to the field of mass spectrometry, several disciplines evolved providing solutions to challenging scientific and analytical tasks in research and industry. Among these are techniques involving multiphoton ionization such as Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization (REMPI, R2PI) and Mass-Analyzed Threshold Ionization (MATI) spectroscopy, a variant of Zero Kinetic Energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy, that possess the ability to selectively ionize certain preselected compounds out of complex mixtures, for example, environmental matrices, with a high level of efficiency. Another key feature of multiphoton ionization techniques is the ability to control the degree of fragmentation, whereas soft ionization is most highly appreciated in most applications. In cases where rich fragmentation patterns are desired for diagnostic purposes, Photodissociation mass spectrometry (PD-MS) is applied successfully. PD-MS allows for the cleavage of selected chemical bonds. With the introduction of chromophoric labels in PD-MS, it became possible to target certain molecules or groups within a molecule. In this review article, an overview of the basic principles and experimental requirements of REMPI and MATI spectroscopy and PD mass spectrometry are given. By means of selected examples, the latest developments and application possibilities in this field over the past decade with special focus on the German research landscape are pointed out. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 38: 202-217, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gunzer
- Physics Department, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sascha Krüger
- Department for Laser Mass Spectrometry, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grotemeyer
- Department for Laser Mass Spectrometry, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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12
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Ketkov SY, Tzeng SY, Rychagova EA, Kalakutskaya LV, Fuss M, Braunschweig H, Tzeng WB. Rydberg state mediated multiphoton ionization of (η 7-C 7H 7)(η 5-C 5H 5)Cr: DFT-supported experimental insights into the molecular and electronic structures of excited sandwich complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9665-9671. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00888h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first REMPI/DFT study of a mixed sandwich complex reveals fine ligand effects on structural transformations accompanying electronic excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu. Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS
- NIzhny Novgorod 603950
- Russian Federation
| | - Sheng Yuan Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Elena A. Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS
- NIzhny Novgorod 603950
- Russian Federation
| | - Lyubov’ V. Kalakutskaya
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS
- NIzhny Novgorod 603950
- Russian Federation
| | - Marco Fuss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Wen-Bih Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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Liang G, DeYonker NJ, Zhao X, Webster CE. Prediction of the reduction potential in transition‐metal containing complexes: How expensive? For what accuracy? J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2430-2438. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Liang
- Department of ChemistryMississippi State University, Mississippi StateMississippi39762‐9573
| | | | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of ChemistryThe University of MemphisMemphis Tennessee38152
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of ChemistryMississippi State University, Mississippi StateMississippi39762‐9573
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14
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Ketkov SY, Tzeng SY, Wu PY, Markin GV, Tzeng WB. DFT-Supported Threshold Ionization Study of Chromium Biphenyl Complexes: Unveiling the Mechanisms of Substituent Influence on Redox Properties of Sandwich Compounds. Chemistry 2017; 23:13669-13675. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu. Ketkov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS; Tropinin St. 49, GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Russian Federation
| | - Sheng-Yuan Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences; Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei 6017 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Wu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences; Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei 6017 Taiwan
| | - Gennady V. Markin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS; Tropinin St. 49, GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Russian Federation
| | - Wen-Bih Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences; Academia Sinica, 1 Section 4; Roosevelt Road Taipei 6017 Taiwan
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15
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Ketkov SY, Markin GV, Tzeng SY, Tzeng WB. Fine Substituent Effects in Sandwich Complexes: A Threshold Ionization Study of Monosubstituted Chromium Bisarene Compounds. Chemistry 2016; 22:4690-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu. Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry; RAS; Tropinin St. 49, GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Russian Federation
| | - Gennady V. Markin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry; RAS; Tropinin St. 49, GSP-445 Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Russian Federation
| | - Sheng Y. Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica; 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 6017 Taiwan
| | - Wen B. Tzeng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica; 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 6017 Taiwan
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16
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Vörös M, Galli G, Zimanyi GT. Colloidal Nanoparticles for Intermediate Band Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6882-6890. [PMID: 26042468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Intermediate Band (IB) solar cell concept is a promising idea to transcend the Shockley-Queisser limit. Using the results of first-principles calculations, we propose that colloidal nanoparticles (CNPs) are a viable and efficient platform for the implementation of the IB solar cell concept. We focused on CdSe CNPs and we showed that intragap states present in the isolated CNPs with reconstructed surfaces combine to form an IB in arrays of CNPs, which is well separated from the valence and conduction band edges. We demonstrated that optical transitions to and from the IB are active. We also showed that the IB can be electron doped in a solution, e.g., by decamethylcobaltocene, thus activating an IB-induced absorption process. Our results, together with the recent report of a nearly 10% efficient CNP solar cell, indicate that colloidal nanoparticle intermediate band solar cells are a promising platform to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Vörös
- †Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- ‡Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Giulia Galli
- ‡Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- #Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gergely T Zimanyi
- †Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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