1
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Cornu I, Syntrivanis LD, Tiefenbacher K. Biomimetic tail-to-head terpene cyclizations using the resorcin[4]arene capsule catalyst. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:313-339. [PMID: 38040980 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The tail-to-head terpene (THT) cyclization is a biochemical process that gives rise to many terpene natural product skeletons encountered in nature. Historically, it has been difficult to achieve THT synthetically without using an enzyme. In this protocol, a hexameric resorcin[4]arene capsule acts as an artificial enzyme mimic to carry out biomimetic THT cyclizations and related carbocationic rearrangements. The precursor molecule bears a leaving group (usually an alcohol or acetate group) and undergoes the THT reaction in the presence of the capsule catalyst and HCl as a cocatalyst. Careful control of several parameters (including water content, amount of HCl cocatalyst, temperature and solvent) is crucial to successfully carrying out the reaction. To facilitate the application of this unique capsule-catalysis methodology, we therefore developed a very detailed procedure that includes the preparation and analysis of all reaction components. In this protocol, we describe how to prepare two different terpenes: isolongifolene and presilphiperfolan-1β-ol. The two procedures differ in the water content required for efficient product formation, and thus exemplify the two common use cases of this methodology. The influence of other crucial reaction parameters and means of precisely controlling them are described. A commercially available substrate, nerol, can be used as simple test substrate to validate the reaction setup. Each synthetic procedure requires 5-7 d, including 1-5 h of hands-on time. The protocol applies to the synthesis of many complex terpene natural products that would otherwise be difficult to access in synthetically useful yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cornu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Bizzo HR, Brilhante NS, Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ. Use and abuse of retention indices in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464376. [PMID: 37717451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The value of the concept of retention indices (RI) to the practice of gas chromatography (GC) is highlighted, where the RI of a compound is one component of the strategy to identify the compound. The widespread reliance on GC and then on mass spectrometry for 'identification', may result in inadequate confirmation of molecular identity. However, RI do provide a useful tentative indication of the possible molecule(s). Thus, the RI value is a useful first measure of the molecule identity, and shown here to be valuable provided limitations are recognised. An author has a responsibility to correctly calculate the index and then use the values for (tentative) identification. Tables of reference RI values are useful in this respect, but finding an 'exact match' RI value does not confirm the identity. Hence, it is necessary to understand how the RI value may be incorrectly used in this respect. The reviewer of written research is charged with ensuring the index values are applied in a rigorous manner. Selected case studies from our own work, support the care that must be exercised when reporting RI values. In terms of advanced GC operations, mention is made of multidimensional gas chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography to acquire RI values on both the first and second columns in the two-column separation experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto R Bizzo
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos - Avenida das Américas, 29501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 23020-470, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Nathália S Brilhante
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Yada Nolvachai
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip J Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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3
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Saladrigas M, Gómez-Bengoa E, Bonjoch J, Bradshaw B. Four-Step Synthesis of (-)-4-epi-Presilphiperfolan-8α-ol by Intramolecular Iron Hydride Atom Transfer-Mediated Ketone-Alkene Coupling and Studies to Access trans-Hydrindanols with a Botryane Scaffold. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203286. [PMID: 36537992 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
From an (R)-(+)-pulegone-derived building block that incorporates the stereo-defined tertiary carbon bearing a methyl group, as found in the targeted sesquiterpenoid, a four-step synthesis of (-)-4-epi-presilphiperfolan-8-α-ol was achieved. The key processes involved are a ring-closing metathesis leading to a bridged alkene-tethered ketone and its subsequent FeIII -mediated metal-hydride atom transfer (MHAT) transannular cyclization. This synthetic method, implying an irreversible addition of a carbon-centered radical upon a ketone by means of a hydrogen atom transfer upon the alkoxy radical intermediate, was also applied in the synthesis of trans-fused hydrindanols structurally related to botrydial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Saladrigas
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Hui C, Craggs L, Antonchick AP. Ring contraction in synthesis of functionalized carbocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8652-8675. [PMID: 36172989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocycles are a key and widely present structural motif in organic compounds. The construction of structurally intriguing carbocycles, such as highly-strained fused rings, spirocycles or highly-functionalized carbocycles with congested stereocenters, remains challenging in organic chemistry. Cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes within such carbocycles can be synthesized through ring contraction. These ring contractions involve re-arrangement of and/or small molecule extrusion from a parental ring, which is either a carbocycle or a heterocycle of larger size. This review provides an overview of synthetic methods for ring contractions to form cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes en route to structurally intriguing carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luke Craggs
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
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5
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Zhang W, Li L, Li CC. Synthesis of natural products containing highly strained trans-fused bicyclo[3.3.0]octane: historical overview and future prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9430-9442. [PMID: 34286715 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to high strain energy, molecules with trans-fused bicyclo[3.3.0]octane ring systems are very difficult to synthesize, and there are very few approaches to access them. Recently, a number of natural products with such ring systems have been made by the synthetic community. However, there has been no review in this field before. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive discussion on the synthesis of natural products containing trans-fused bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes and the historical context of this work. The prospects for future research in this field are also discussed. Covering the literature before 2021, this review aims to offer a helpful reference for total synthesis of highly strained natural products containing trans-fused bicyclo[3.3.0]octane ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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6
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Li H, Zhang J, She X. The Total Synthesis of Diquinane-Containing Natural Products. Chemistry 2021; 27:4839-4858. [PMID: 32955141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diquinane or bicyclo[3.3.0]octane is a conspicuous structural unit existing in the carbo-frameworks of a wide range of natural products such as alkaloids and terpenoids. These diquinane-containing molecules not merely exhibit intriguing architectures, but also showcase a broad spectrum of significant bioactivities, which draw widespread attention from the global synthetic community. During the past decade, with an aim to accomplish the total syntheses of such specified cornucopias of natural products, a variety of elegant strategies for construction of the diquinane ring system have been disclosed. In this Minireview, the achievements on this subject in the timeline from 2010 to June 2020 are demonstrated and it is discussed how the diquinane unit is strategically forged in the context of the specific target structure. In addition, impacts of the selected works to the field of natural product total synthesis is highlighted and the particular outlook of diquinane-containing natural product synthesis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
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7
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Mohammadkhani L, Heravi MM. Applications of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution in Total Synthesis of Natural Products: An Update. CHEM REC 2020; 21:29-68. [PMID: 33206466 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution (AAS) reaction is one of the most synthetically useful reactions catalyzed by metal complexes for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. It comprises the substitution of allylic substrates with a wide range of nucleophiles or SN 2'-type allylic substitution, which results in the formation of the above-mentioned bonds with high levels of enantioselective induction. AAS reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups, thus has been successfully applied in the asymmetric synthesis of a wide range of optically pure compounds. This reaction has been extensively used in the total synthesis of several complex molecules, especially natural products. In this review, we try to highlight the applications of metal (Pd, Ir, Mo, or Cu)-catalyzed AAS reaction in the total synthesis of the biologically active natural products, as a key step, updating the subject from 2003 till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Mohammadkhani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Alzahra University Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Alzahra University Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Zhang W, Zhou ZX, Zhu XJ, Sun ZH, Dai WM, Li CC. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the Highly Strained 4β-Acetoxyprobotryane-9β,15α-diol. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19868-19873. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Xiong Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu-Jiang Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhang-Hua Sun
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei-Min Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Chi HM, Cole CJF, Hu P, Taylor CA, Snyder SA. Total syntheses of spiroviolene and spirograterpene A: a structural reassignment with biosynthetic implications. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10939-10944. [PMID: 34094343 PMCID: PMC8162393 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04686h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent natural product isolates spiroviolene and spirograterpene A are two relatively non-functionalized linear triquinane terpenes with a large number of structural homologies. Nevertheless, three significant areas of structural disparity exist based on their original assignments, one of which implies a key stereochemical divergence early in their respective biosyntheses. Herein, using two known bicyclic ketone intermediates, a core Pd-catalyzed Heck cyclization sequence, and several chemoselective transformations, we describe concise total syntheses of both natural product targets and propose that the structure of spiroviolene should be reassigned. As a result, these natural products possess greater homology than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Min Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Charles J F Cole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Cooper A Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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10
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Junk L, Kazmaier U. The Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:929-952. [PMID: 32953384 PMCID: PMC7482671 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of non-stabilized ketone enolates was thought for a long time to be not as efficient as the analogous reactions of stabilized enolates, e. g. of malonates and β-ketoesters. The field has experienced a rapid development during the last two decades, with a range of new, highly efficient protocols evolved. In this review, the early developments as well as current methods and applications of palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate allylations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Junk
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
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11
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Syntrivanis LD, Némethová I, Schmid D, Levi S, Prescimone A, Bissegger F, Major DT, Tiefenbacher K. Four-Step Access to the Sesquiterpene Natural Product Presilphiperfolan-1β-ol and Unnatural Derivatives via Supramolecular Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5894-5900. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Némethová
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shani Levi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Bissegger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dan T. Major
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 24, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Pierrot D, Marek I. Synthesis of Enantioenriched Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers within an Acyclic Chain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:36-49. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Pierrot
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200009 Israel
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13
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Pierrot D, Marek I. Synthese enantiomerenangereicherter, vicinaler tertiärer und quartärer Kohlenstoff‐Stereozentren innerhalb einer acyclischen Kette. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Pierrot
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200009 Israel
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14
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Zhang Z, Zhao D, He Y, Yang Z, Gong J. Total syntheses of dehydrobotrydienal, dehydrobotrydienol and 10-oxodehydrodihydrobotrydial. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Radulović NS, Mladenović MZ, Stojanović NM, Randjelović PJ, Blagojević PD. Structural Elucidation of Presilphiperfolane-7α,8α-diol, a Bioactive Sesquiterpenoid from Pulicaria vulgaris: A Combined Approach of Solvent-Induced Chemical Shifts, GIAO Calculation of Chemical Shifts, and Full Spin Analysis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1874-1885. [PMID: 31241943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Structural elucidation of a new triquinane sesquiterpenoid, presilphiperfolane-7α,8α-diol, 1a, isolated from Pulicaria vulgaris, was accomplished by combining solvent-induced removal of chemical shift degeneracy and computational (DFT-GIAO) prediction of NMR spectra with the analysis of 1H NMR splitting patterns. In addition to extensive NMR experiments (in 10 different solvents), MS, and FTIR, the identity of 1a was also confirmed by chemical transformations. The applied approach can facilitate structural elucidation of organic molecules and decrease the probability of an erroneous identification, permitting an unambiguous stereochemical elucidation and full NMR assignment. The pharmacological/toxicological profile of 1a was evaluated in several different models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics , University of Niš , Višegradska 33 , 18000 Niš , Serbia
| | - Marko Z Mladenović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics , University of Niš , Višegradska 33 , 18000 Niš , Serbia
| | - Nikola M Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine , University of Niš , Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81 , 18000 Niš , Serbia
| | - Pavle J Randjelović
- Faculty of Medicine , University of Niš , Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81 , 18000 Niš , Serbia
| | - Polina D Blagojević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics , University of Niš , Višegradska 33 , 18000 Niš , Serbia
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16
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Kutsumura N, Inagaki M, Kiriseko A, Saito T. Total Synthesis of 3-epi-Juruenolide C. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:594-598. [PMID: 31155565 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the total synthesis of 3-epi-juruenolide C is achieved in 10 steps (longest linear sequence) starting from ethyl (2E,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-hexenoate. The synthetic highlights of our approach include one-pot regioselective bromination, intramolecular carbonylation using bis(triphenylphosphine)dicarbonylnickel, and face-selective hydrogenation using a homogeneous Wilkinson's catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Kutsumura
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Mai Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Akito Kiriseko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Takao Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
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17
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Hethcox JC, Shockley SE, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Synthesis of Vicinal All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8664-8667. [PMID: 29750856 PMCID: PMC6033654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of the first enantioselective transition-metal-catalyzed allylic alkylation providing access to acyclic products bearing vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers is disclosed. The iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction proceeds with excellent yields and selectivities for a range of malononitrile-derived nucleophiles and trisubstituted allylic electrophiles. The utility of these sterically congested products is explored through a series of diverse chemo- and diastereoselective product transformations to afford a number of highly valuable, densely functionalized building blocks, including those containing vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caleb Hethcox
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Samantha E Shockley
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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18
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Hethcox JC, Shockley SE, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Synthesis of Vicinal All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers via Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Caleb Hethcox
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Samantha E. Shockley
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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19
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Hu P, Snyder SA. Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of the Highly Strained (−)-Presilphiperfolan-8-ol via a Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5007-5010. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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20
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhao D, He Y, Gong J, Yang Z. A Concise Synthesis of Presilphiperfolane Core through a Tandem TMTU-Co-Catalyzed Pauson-Khand Reaction and a 6π Electrocyclization Reaction (TMTU=Tetramethyl Thiourea). Chemistry 2017; 23:1258-1262. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuanhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yingdong He
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS); College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
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21
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Nairoukh Z, Kumar GGKSN, Minko Y, Marek I. Enantioselective allylic alkylation of stereodefined polysubstituted copper enolates as an entry to acyclic quaternary carbon stereocentres. Chem Sci 2016; 8:627-630. [PMID: 28451210 PMCID: PMC5358538 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03036j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A sequence of regio- and stereoselective carbometalation followed by oxidation of ynamides leads to stereodefined fully substituted enolates that subsequently react with various functionalized allyl bromide reagents to provide the enantiomerically pure quaternary carbon stereocentre in the α-position to the carbonyl group.
A sequence of regio- and stereoselective carbometalation followed by oxidation of ynamides leads to stereodefined fully substituted enolates that subsequently react with various functionalized allyl bromide reagents to provide the expected products possessing an enantiomerically pure quaternary carbon stereocentre in the α-position to the carbonyl group in excellent yields and enantiomeric ratios after cleavage of the oxazolidinone moiety. Three new bonds are formed in a single-pot operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackaria Nairoukh
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Gunda G K S Narayana Kumar
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Yury Minko
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City , Haifa 32000 , Israel . ; ; Tel: +972-4-829-37-09
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22
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Vidyasagar A, Sureshan KM. Total syntheses of five uvacalols: structural validation of uvacalol A, uvacalol B and uvacalol C and disproval of the structures of uvacalol E and uvacalol G. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3900-10. [PMID: 25655990 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Uvacalols are novel carbasugars belonging to the family of C7-cyclitols, and are isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant, Uvaria calamistrata. In this study, we report the first syntheses of five uvacalols starting from a cheap and easily available chiral pool starting material, D-mannitol, in their optically pure form. D-Mannitol was converted to the alkene 2 through a series of regioselective and chemoselective transformations by following our previously reported strategies. Alkene 2 was converted to the enal 5 through a series of protective group manipulations. Enal 5 was converted to the diene 6 by the addition of vinyl magnesium bromide. Ring closing metathesis of the diene 6 using Grubbs’ second generation catalyst installed the core cyclohexenyl unit. Through several iterative and selective manipulations of various hydroxyl groups, uvacalol A, uvacalol B, uvacalol C, uvacalol E and uvacalol G were synthesized. A comparison of the (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR data of these synthesized molecules with the reported data, revealed that the reported structures of uvacalols A–C are correct and those of uvacalols E and G are wrong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiyala Vidyasagar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, India.
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23
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Kita Y, Numajiri Y, Okamoto N, Stoltz BM. Construction of Tertiary Chiral Centers by Pd-catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Prochiral Enolate Equivalents. Tetrahedron 2015; 71:6349-6353. [PMID: 26273114 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of enol carbonates derived from lactams and ketones is described. Employing these substrates with an electronically tuned Pd catalyst system trisubstituted chiral centers are produced. These stereocenters have been previously challenging to achieve using Pd complex/chiral P-N ligand systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kita
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Noriko Okamoto
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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24
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Marziale AN, Duquette DC, Craig RA, Kim KE, Liniger M, Numajiri Y, Stoltz BM. An Efficient Protocol for the Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation Using Low Palladium Concentrations and a Palladium(II) Precatalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2015; 357:2238-2245. [PMID: 27042171 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective catalytic allylic alkylation for the synthesis of 2-alkyl-2-allylcycloalkanones and 3,3-disubstituted pyrrolidinones, piperidinones and piperazinones has been previously reported by our laboratory. The efficient construction of chiral all-carbon quaternary centers by allylic alkylation was previously achieved with a catalyst derived in situ from zero valent palladium sources and chiral phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. We now report an improved reaction protocol with broad applicability among different substrate classes in industry-compatible reaction media using loadings of palladium(II) acetate as low as 0.075 mol % and the readily available chiral PHOX ligands. The novel and highly efficient procedure enables facile scale-up of the reaction in an economical and sustainable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Marziale
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Douglas C Duquette
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert A Craig
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kelly E Kim
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marc Liniger
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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25
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Heravi MM, Vavsari VF. Recent applications of intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08306k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diels–Alder (D–A) reaction is undoubtedly the most powerful [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in organic synthesis.
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26
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Ingemar Olsen J, Sauer SPA, Marcus Pedersen C, Bols M. Exploring the relationship between the conformation and pKa: can a pKa value be used to determine the conformational equilibrium? Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3116-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time it is shown that the pKa directly reflects the conformational equilibrium of conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
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27
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Hong AY, Stoltz BM. Biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of presilphiperfolanol natural products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5248-60. [PMID: 24771653 PMCID: PMC4334158 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Presilphiperfolanols constitute a family of biosynthetically important sesquiterpenes which can rearrange to diverse sesquiterpenoid skeletons. While the origin of these natural products can be traced to simple linear terpene precursors, the details of the enzymatic cyclization mechanism that forms the stereochemically dense tricyclic skeleton has required extensive biochemical, computational, and synthetic investigation. Parallel efforts to prepare the unique and intriguing structures of these compounds by total synthesis have also inspired novel strategies, thus resulting in four synthetic approaches and two completed syntheses. While the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis studies performed to date have provided much insight into the role and properties of these molecules, emerging questions regarding the biosynthesis of newer members of the family and subtle details of rearrangement mechanisms have yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y. Hong
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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28
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Hong AY, Stoltz BM. Biosynthese und chemische Synthese von Presilphiperfolanolen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Marek I, Minko Y, Pasco M, Mejuch T, Gilboa N, Chechik H, Das JP. All-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers in acyclic systems through the creation of several C-C bonds per chemical step. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2682-94. [PMID: 24512113 DOI: 10.1021/ja410424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, it has become clear that asymmetric catalysis is one of the most powerful methods for the construction of carbon-carbon as well as carbon-heteroatom bonds in a stereoselective manner. However, when structural complexity increases (i.e., all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center), the difficulty in reaching the desired adducts through asymmetric catalytic reactions leads to a single carbon-carbon bond-forming event per chemical step between two components. Issues of efficiency and convergence should therefore be addressed to avoid extraneous chemical steps. In this Perspective, we present approaches that tackle the stimulating problem of efficiency while answering interesting synthetic challenges. Ideally, if one could create all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers via the creation of several new carbon-carbon bonds in an acyclic system and in a single-pot operation from simple precursors, it would certainly open new horizons toward solving the synthetic problems. Even more important for any further design, the presence of polyreactive intermediates in synthesis (bismetalated, carbenoid, and oxenoids species) becomes now an indispensable tool, as it creates consecutively the same number of carbon-carbon bonds as in a multi-step process, but in a single-pot operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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30
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Mondal S, Sureshan KM. Total syntheses and structural validation of lincitol A, lincitol B, uvacalol I, uvacalol J, and uvacalol K. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7279-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01329h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First total syntheses of lincitol A, lincitol B, uvacalol I, uvacalol J and uvacalol K were achieved in racemic form, validating their structure from a common intermediate, which was synthesized in six steps from low-cost and extensively available myo-inositol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Mondal
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram 695016, India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram 695016, India
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31
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Bennett NB, Stoltz BM. A unified approach to the daucane and sphenolobane bicyclo[5.3.0]decane core: enantioselective total syntheses of daucene, daucenal, epoxydaucenal B, and 14-para-anisoyloxydauc-4,8-diene. Chemistry 2013; 19:17745-50. [PMID: 24302464 PMCID: PMC3927641 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Access to the bicyclo[5.3.0]decane core found in the daucane and sphenolobane terpenoids via a key enone intermediate enables the enantioselective total syntheses of daucene, daucenal, epoxydaucenal B, and 14-para-anisoyloxydauc-4,8-diene. Central aspects include a catalytic asymmetric alkylation followed by a ring contraction and ring-closing metathesis to generate the five- and seven-membered rings, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B. Bennett
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA), Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA), Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
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32
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Kobayashi T, Shiroi H, Abe H, Ito H. Synthetic Study of Presilphiperfolan-8-ol: Construction of the Tricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane Framework Utilizing Intramolecular Aldol Condensation and McMurry Coupling. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidenori Shiroi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Hideki Abe
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Hisanaka Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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33
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Hong YJ, Irmisch S, Wang SC, Garms S, Gershenzon J, Zu L, Köllner TG, Tantillo DJ. Theoretical and experimental analysis of the reaction mechanism of MrTPS2, a triquinane-forming sesquiterpene synthase from chamomile. Chemistry 2013; 19:13590-600. [PMID: 23963956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Terpene synthases, as key enzymes of terpene biosynthesis, have garnered the attention of chemists and biologists for many years. Their carbocationic reaction mechanisms are responsible for the huge variety of terpene structures in nature. These mechanisms are amenable to study by using classical biochemical approaches as well as computational analysis, and in this study we combine quantum-chemical calculations and deuterium-labeling experiments to elucidate the reaction mechanism of a triquinane forming sesquiterpene synthase from chamomile. Our results suggest that the reaction from farnesyl diphosphate to triquinanes proceeds through caryophyllyl and presilphiperfolanyl cations and involves the protonation of a stable (-)-(E)-β-caryophyllene intermediate. A tyrosine residue was identified that appears to be involved in the proton-transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young J Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
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34
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structural determination, synthesis and chemical and microbiological transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. The literature from January to December 2012 is reviewed, and 471 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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35
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Hong AY, Stoltz BM. The Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Use of Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Reactions in Total Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2013; 2013:2745-2759. [PMID: 24944521 PMCID: PMC4059687 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
All-carbon quaternary stereocenters have posed significant challenges in the synthesis of complex natural products. These important structural motifs have inspired the development of broadly applicable palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions of unstabilized non-biased enolates for the synthesis of enantioenriched α-quaternary products. This microreview outlines key considerations in the application of palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions and presents recent total syntheses of complex natural products that have employed these powerful transformations for the direct, catalytic, enantioselective construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y. Hong
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Homepage: http://stoltz.caltech.edu
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Homepage: http://stoltz.caltech.edu
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36
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Bennett NB, Duquette DC, Kim J, Liu WB, Marziale AN, Behenna DC, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Expanding insight into asymmetric palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of N-heterocyclic molecules and cyclic ketones. Chemistry 2013; 19:4414-8. [PMID: 23447555 PMCID: PMC3815597 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Eeny, meeny, miny ... enaminones! Lactams and imides have been shown to consistently provide enantioselectivities substantially higher than other substrate classes previously investigated in the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation. Several new substrates have been designed to probe the contributions of electronic, steric, and stereoelectronic factors that distinguish the lactam/imide series as superior alkylation substrates (see scheme). These studies culminated in marked improvements on carbocyclic allylic alkylation substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jimin Kim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Alexander N. Marziale
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Douglas C. Behenna
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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37
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Cleary L, Mak VW, Rychnovsky SD, Shea KJ, Sizemore N. Origins of regio- and stereochemistry in type 2 intramolecular N-acylnitroso Diels-Alder reactions: a computational study of tether length and substituent effects. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4090-8. [PMID: 23477601 DOI: 10.1021/jo4004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantum mechanical calculations have been used to investigate type 2 intramolecular N-acylnitroso Diels-Alder reactions. Experimentally observed regioselectivities and diastereoselectivities of these reactions have been reproduced using B3LYP/6-31+G(d) DFT calculations. The factors that govern selectivity (i.e., tether length, tether substitution and diene substitution) were systematically investigated. Tethers less than 6 carbon atoms lead to 1,3-regioisomers due to conformational restrictions. Substituents on the tether lead to diastereoselective outcomes dictated by transannular interactions in the transition states. The modest diastereoselectivity of diene-substituted substrates is rationalized as arising from reduction of eclipsing interactions in the flattened diene transition states. This method should prove valuable for planning syntheses involving type 2 intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cleary
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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38
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Li Z, Zhang S, Wu S, Shen X, Zou L, Wang F, Li X, Peng F, Zhang H, Shao Z. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones: Total Synthesis of (−)-Aspidospermidine and (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li Z, Zhang S, Wu S, Shen X, Zou L, Wang F, Li X, Peng F, Zhang H, Shao Z. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones: Total Synthesis of (−)-Aspidospermidine and (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4117-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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