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Nadendla K, Chintala S, Kover K, Friedman SH. In vivo variable and multi-day response from an insulin-releasing photoactivated depot. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 92:129388. [PMID: 37369330 PMCID: PMC10529906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have demonstrated that light can be used to control the release of insulin in diabetic animals, followed by a reduction in blood glucose. This is accomplished using a photoactivated depot (PAD) of insulin injected into the skin, and irradiated by a small external LED light source. In this work for the first time we demonstrate dose-response, showing that we can vary insulin release and commensurate blood glucose reduction by varying the amount of light administered. In addition to demonstrating dose-response, we have shown multi-day depot response, with insulin being released on two different days from the same depot. The material used in these studies was CD-insulin, a form of insulin that has a highly non-polar cyclododecyl group attached, markedly reducing the solubility of the modified material, and allowing it to form a depot upon injection. Upon photolysis, the cyclododecyl group is removed, releasing fully native, soluble insulin. Variable response and multi-day response as demonstrated strongly support the potential utility of the PAD approach for the variable and extended release of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nadendla
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States
| | - Swetha Chintala
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States
| | - Karen Kover
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States
| | - Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States.
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2
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The Issue of Tissue: Approaches and Challenges to the Light Control of Drug Activity. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021; 5:611-618. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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3
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to summarize the development of the photoactivated depot (PAD) approach for the minimally invasive and continuously variable delivery of insulin. RECENT FINDINGS Using an insulin PAD, we have demonstrated that we can release native, bioactive insulin into diabetic animals in response to light signals from a small external LED light source. We have further shown that this released insulin retains bioactivity and reduces blood glucose. In addition, we have designed and constructed second generation materials that have high insulin densities, with the potential for multiple day delivery. The PAD approach for insulin therapy holds promise for addressing the pressing need for continuously variable delivery methods that do not rely on pumps, and their myriad associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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4
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Sarode BR, Kover K, Friedman SH. Visible-Light-Activated High-Density Materials for Controlled in Vivo Insulin Release. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4677-4687. [PMID: 31647241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and ultimate in vivo assessment of second-generation insulin photoactivated depot (PAD) materials. These are the first to use visible light to stimulate insulin release and have an in vivo performance that is 28-fold improved relative to first-generation materials. This improvement is due to two major factors linked to the utilized chemistry: (1) we have incorporated the coumarin photocleavable group, which increases the photorelease wavelength into the visible range, enhancing tissue penetration of the light; (2) phototoggling of insulin solubility is produced by linking three insulin molecules to a central bridge via light cleaved groups, and not by bonding to a large polymer. The resulting trimer is, therefore, highly dense (87% insulin dry w/w) but retains the insolubility required of the approach. Only after irradiation with visible light is native, soluble insulin is released from the dermal depot. This high density increases the amount and ease of insulin release, as the density of photolytic groups is 10-20-fold higher than in polymer-based first-generation materials. We have synthesized new azide-terminated coumarin linkers that we react with the amine groups of insulin. Using mass spectrometry methods, we identify the sites of reaction and purify individual isomers, which we demonstrate have in vitro photolysis rates that are within a factor of 2 of each other. We then reacted these terminal azide groups with a tridentate strained alkyne linker. We show that the resulting insulin trimer is highly insoluble, but can be milled into injectable particles that release insulin only in response to light from a 406 nm light source. Finally, we demonstrate that these materials have a significantly improved in vivo performance, releasing 28-fold more insulin on a per energy basis than first-generation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyesh R Sarode
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Karen Kover
- Department of Endocrinology , Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
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5
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Nadendla K, Sarode BR, Friedman SH. Hydrophobic Tags for Highly Efficient Light-Activated Protein Release. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2922-2928. [PMID: 31117739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described the photoactivated depot (PAD) approach for the light-stimulated release of therapeutic proteins such as insulin. The aim of this method is to release insulin from a shallow dermal depot in response to blood glucose information, using transcutaneous irradiation. Our first approach utilized a photocleavable group that linked insulin to an insoluble but injectable polymer bead. The bead conferred insolubility, ensuring that the injected material stayed at the site of injection, until light cleaved the link, and allowed insulin to be absorbed systemically. While this proved to be effective, the use of a polymer to ensure insolubility introduces two major design problems: (1) low concentration of insulin, as a majority of the material is composed of polymer, and (2) upon release of the insulin, the polymer has to be cleared from the system. To address these two problems, in this work, we have pursued "hydrophobic tags", photocleavable small nonpolar molecules that confer insolubility to the modified insulin prior to irradiation without the bulk or need for biodegradation required of polymers. We developed a combined solid- and solution-phase synthetic approach that allowed us to incorporate a range of small nonpolar moieties, including peptides, into the final depot materials. The resulting materials are >90% w/w insulin and have sharply decreased solubilities relative to unmodified insulin (≤1000 × lower). We demonstrated that they can be milled into low micron-sized particles that can be readily injected through a 31G needle. These suspensions can be prepared at an effective concentration of 20 mM insulin, a concentration at which 120 μL contains 7 days of insulin for a typical adult. Finally, upon photolysis, the insoluble particles release soluble, native insulin in a predictable fashion. These combined properties make these new modified insulins nearly ideal as candidates for PAD materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nadendla
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Bhagyesh R Sarode
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
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6
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Tamura R, Balabanova A, Frakes SA, Bargmann A, Grimm J, Koch TH, Yin H. Photoactivatable Prodrug of Doxazolidine Targeting Exosomes. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1959-1970. [PMID: 30703330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural lipid nanocarriers, exosomes, carry cell-signaling materials such as DNA and RNA for intercellular communications. Exosomes derived from cancer cells contribute to the progression and metastasis of cancer cells by transferring oncogenic signaling molecules to neighboring and remote premetastatic sites. Therefore, applying the unique properties of exosomes for cancer therapy has been expected in science, medicine, and drug discovery fields. Herein, we report that an exosome-targeting prodrug system, designated MARCKS-ED-photodoxaz, could spatiotemporally control the activation of an exquisitely cytotoxic agent, doxazolidine (doxaz), with UV light. The MARCKS-ED peptide enters a cell by forming a complex with the exosomes in situ at its plasma membrane and in the media. MARCKS-ED-photodoxaz releases doxaz under near-UV irradiation to inhibit cell growth with low nanomolar IC50 values. The MARCKS-ED-photodoxaz system targeting exosomes and utilizing photochemistry will potentially provide a new approach for the treatment of cancer, especially for highly progressive and invasive metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tamura
- Molecular Pharmacology Program , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | | | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100082 , China
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7
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Nadendla K, Sarode B, Friedman SH. Chemical modification of proteins with photocleavable groups. Methods Enzymol 2019; 624:113-128. [PMID: 31370926 PMCID: PMC7050930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe methods for synthesizing and incorporating a wide range of photocleavable groups into proteins. These are based on the di-methoxyl nitro phenyl ethyl (DMNPE) group. Using a common ketone starting material, we have modified the DMNPE core with different peptides and small molecules. We describe how these can be incorporated into DMNPE either by solution or solid phase methods. In addition, we show how the ketone group can be effectively converted into a hydrazone group and ultimately into a diazo. The potential pitfall of azine formation is also delineated, as are the strategies for avoiding this side product. We then show how these modified diazo groups can then be reacted with the carboxyl groups of the protein to make the final ester product. Finally, we show how the ultimate product can be purified, and the products identified using 280 and 345nm ratios, as well as ESI-MS characterization. The combined methods should allow the incorporation of many possible photocleavable groups into a range of proteins, and allow the ultimate properties of the modified protein to be subsequently toggled with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nadendla
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - B Sarode
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - SH Friedman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, United States,Telephone: 816-235-2224, Fax: 816-235-5779,
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8
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Jain PK, Friedman SH. The ULTIMATE Reagent: A Universal Photocleavable and Clickable Reagent for the Regiospecific and Reversible End Labeling of Any Nucleic Acid. Chembiochem 2018. [PMID: 29516677 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for methods to chemically incorporate photocleavable labels into synthetic and biologically sourced nucleic acids in a chemically defined and reversible manner. We have previously demonstrated that the light-cleaved diazo di-methoxy nitro phenyl ethyl (diazo-DMNPE) group has a remarkable regiospecificity for modifying terminally phosphorylated siRNA. Building on this observation, we have identified conditions under which a diazo-DMNPE reagent that we designed (diazo-DMNPE-azide or DDA) is able to singly modify any nucleic acid (RNA, DNA, single-stranded, double-stranded, 3' or 5' phosphate). It can then be modified with any clickable reagent to incorporate arbitrary labels such as fluorophores into the nucleic acid. Finally, native nucleic acid can be regenerated directly through photolysis of the reagent. Use of the described approach should allow for the tagging of any nucleic acid, from any source-natural or unnatural-while allowing for the light-induced regeneration of native nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush K Jain
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Simon H Friedman
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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9
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Jiménez-Balsa A, Pinto S, Quartin E, Lino MM, Francisco V, Ferreira L. Nanoparticles Conjugated with Photocleavable Linkers for the Intracellular Delivery of Biomolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1485-1489. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Ankenbruck N, Courtney T, Naro Y, Deiters A. Optochemical Control of Biological Processes in Cells and Animals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2768-2798. [PMID: 28521066 PMCID: PMC6026863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological processes are naturally regulated with high spatial and temporal control, as is perhaps most evident in metazoan embryogenesis. Chemical tools have been extensively utilized in cell and developmental biology to investigate cellular processes, and conditional control methods have expanded applications of these technologies toward resolving complex biological questions. Light represents an excellent external trigger since it can be controlled with very high spatial and temporal precision. To this end, several optically regulated tools have been developed and applied to living systems. In this review we discuss recent developments of optochemical tools, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids that can be irreversibly or reversibly controlled through light irradiation, with a focus on applications in cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ankenbruck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Taylor Courtney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Yuta Naro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
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11
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Ankenbruck N, Courtney T, Naro Y, Deiters A. Optochemische Steuerung biologischer Vorgänge in Zellen und Tieren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ankenbruck
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Taylor Courtney
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Yuta Naro
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
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12
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Li JY, Qiu L, Xu XF, Pan CY, Hong CY, Zhang WJ. Photo-responsive camptothecin-based polymeric prodrug coated silver nanoparticles for drug release behaviour tracking via the nanomaterial surface energy transfer (NSET) effect. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1678-1687. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02998e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A photo-responsive hybrid drug delivery system for drug release behaviour tracking via the nanomaterial surface energy transfer (NSET) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300401
- China
| | - Xiao-Fei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Cai-Yuan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Wen-Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
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13
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Nadendla K, Friedman SH. Light Control of Protein Solubility Through Isoelectric Point Modulation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17861-17869. [PMID: 29192764 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously described the photoactivated depot or PAD approach that allows for the light control of therapeutic protein release. This approach relies on the ability to use light to change a protein's solubility. Traditionally this was accomplished by linking the protein to an insoluble but injectable polymer via a light cleaved linker. This allows the injected material to remain at the site of injection, until transcutaneous irradiation breaks the link between polymer and protein, permitting the protein to be absorbed. However, there are multiple problems associated with polymer based approaches: The polymer makes up a majority of the material, making it inefficient. In addition, after protein release, the polymer has to be cleared from the body, a significant design challenge. In this work, we create materials that form photoactivated depots of insulin without the need for polymers, by linking photolysis to an isoelectric point shift, which itself is linked to a solubility shift. Specifically, we linked basic groups to insulin via a light cleaved linker. These shift the normal pI of insulin from 5.4 to approximately 7. The result of this incorporation are materials that are completely soluble in mildly acidic solutions but precipitate upon injection into a pH 7 environment, i.e., the skin. We successfully synthesized four such modified insulins, demonstrating that their pI values were shifted in the expected manner. We then analyzed one of them, P2-insulin, in detail, demonstrating that it behaves as designed: It is soluble in a formulation pH of 4, but precipitates at pH 7.2, its approximate pI value. Upon irradiation, the photocleavable link to insulin is broken, and completely native and soluble insulin is released from the depot in a well behaved, first order fashion. These materials are 90% therapeutic, form completely soluble and injectable formulations in mildly acidic conditions, form insoluble depots at neutral pH, efficiently release soluble protein from these depots when irradiated, and leave behind only small easily absorbed molecules after irradiation. As such they approach ideality for photoactivated depot materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nadendla
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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14
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Ge C, Basuki JS, White J, Hou R, Peng Y, Hughes TC, Tan T. Photothermal triggered protein release from an injectable polycaprolactone-based microspherical depot. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3634-3639. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00837f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible light mediated controlled release of biologically active enzymes was confirmed by released horseradish peroxidase's ability to ameliorate H2O2 cytotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Ge
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Manufacturing
- CSIRO
| | | | | | - Ruixia Hou
- Manufacturing
- CSIRO
- Clayton
- Victoria
- Australia
| | - Yong Peng
- Manufacturing
- CSIRO
- Clayton
- Victoria
- Australia
| | | | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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15
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Sarode BR, Kover K, Tong PY, Zhang C, Friedman SH. Light Control of Insulin Release and Blood Glucose Using an Injectable Photoactivated Depot. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3835-3841. [PMID: 27653828 PMCID: PMC5101575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In this work we demonstrate
that blood glucose can be controlled
remotely through light stimulated release of insulin from an injected
cutaneous depot. Human insulin was tethered to an insoluble but injectable
polymer via a linker, which was based on the light cleavable di-methoxy
nitrophenyl ethyl (DMNPE) group. This material was injected
into the skin of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. We observed
insulin being released into the bloodstream after a 2 min trans-cutaneous
irradiation of this site by a compact LED light source. Control animals
treated with the same material, but in which light was blocked from
the site, showed no release of insulin into the bloodstream. We also
demonstrate that additional pulses of light from the light source
result in additional pulses of insulin being absorbed into circulation.
A significant reduction in blood glucose was then observed. Together,
these results demonstrate the feasibility of using light to allow
for the continuously variable control of insulin release. This in
turn has the potential to allow for the tight control of blood glucose
without the invasiveness of insulin pumps and cannulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyesh R Sarode
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Karen Kover
- Department of Endocrinology, Childrens' Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Pei Y Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Childrens' Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Chaoying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Childrens' Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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16
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Sarode BR, Jain PK, Friedman SH. Polymerizing Insulin with Photocleavable Linkers to Make Light-Sensitive Macropolymer Depot Materials. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1138-46. [PMID: 27171861 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of light-sensitive polymers for the release of therapeutics is an important approach allowing the timing and amount of the release to be controlled precisely. The use of light has been pioneered to control insulin release from a dermal photoactivated depot, or PAD. One of the main impediments to the use of light-sensitive polymers in this context is the density of the materials: The large majority of the material is the carrier polymer, with the minority being the therapeutic. In this work, the feasibility of using insulin itself as a monomer in the polymerization process is demonstrated. Insulin modified with either one or two light cleavable azide groups is polymerized with a tridentate alkyne-bridging monomer using a click reaction. The resulting material called a "macropolymer" is ≈85% insulin, is insoluble in aqueous solvent, and releases native, soluble insulin upon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyesh R Sarode
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Piyush K Jain
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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17
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Dudani JS, Jain PK, Kwong GA, Stevens KR, Bhatia SN. Photoactivated Spatiotemporally-Responsive Nanosensors of in Vivo Protease Activity. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11708-17. [PMID: 26565752 PMCID: PMC5588683 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteases play diverse and important roles in physiology and disease, including influencing critical processes in development, immune responses, and malignancies. Both the abundance and activity of these enzymes are tightly regulated and highly contextual; thus, in order to elucidate their specific impact on disease progression, better tools are needed to precisely monitor in situ protease activity. Current strategies for detecting protease activity are focused on functionalizing synthetic peptide substrates with reporters that emit detection signals following peptide cleavage. However, these activity-based probes lack the capacity to be turned on at sites of interest and, therefore, are subject to off-target activation. Here we report a strategy that uses light to precisely control both the location and time of activity-based sensing. We develop photocaged activity-based sensors by conjugating photolabile molecules directly onto peptide substrates, thereby blocking protease cleavage by steric hindrance. At sites of disease, exposure to ultraviolet light unveils the nanosensors to allow proteases to cleave and release a reporter fragment that can be detected remotely. We apply this spatiotemporally controlled system to probe secreted protease activity in vitro and tumor protease activity in vivo. In vitro, we demonstrate the ability to dynamically and spatially measure metalloproteinase activity in a 3D model of colorectal cancer. In vivo, veiled nanosensors are selectively activated at the primary tumor site in colorectal cancer xenografts to capture the tumor microenvironment-enriched protease activity. The ability to remotely control activity-based sensors may offer a valuable complement to existing tools for measuring biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep S. Dudani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Piyush K. Jain
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Gabriel A. Kwong
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kelly R. Stevens
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Rajendran S, Raghunathan R, Hevus I, Krishnan R, Ugrinov A, Sibi MP, Webster DC, Sivaguru J. Programmed Photodegradation of Polymeric/Oligomeric Materials Derived from Renewable Bioresources. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rajendran S, Raghunathan R, Hevus I, Krishnan R, Ugrinov A, Sibi MP, Webster DC, Sivaguru J. Programmed Photodegradation of Polymeric/Oligomeric Materials Derived from Renewable Bioresources. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1159-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteins are effective biotherapeutics with applications in diverse ailments. Despite being specific and potent, their full clinical potential has not yet been realized. This can be attributed to short half-lives, complex structures, poor in vivo stability, low permeability, frequent parenteral administrations and poor adherence to treatment in chronic diseases. A sustained release system, providing controlled release of proteins, may overcome many of these limitations. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on recent development in approaches, especially polymer-based formulations, which can provide therapeutic levels of proteins over extended periods. Advances in particulate, gel-based formulations and novel approaches for extended protein delivery are discussed. Emphasis is placed on dosage form, method of preparation, mechanism of release and stability of biotherapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Substantial advancements have been made in the field of extended protein delivery via various polymer-based formulations over last decade despite the unique delivery-related challenges posed by protein biologics. A number of injectable sustained-release formulations have reached market. However, therapeutic application of proteins is still hampered by delivery-related issues. A large number of protein molecules are under clinical trials, and hence, there is an urgent need to develop new methods to deliver these highly potent biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vaishya
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kansas City, MO , USA
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Hu X, Tian J, Liu T, Zhang G, Liu S. Photo-Triggered Release of Caged Camptothecin Prodrugs from Dually Responsive Shell Cross-Linked Micelles. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National
Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,
China
| | - Jie Tian
- Engineering and Materials
Science Experiment Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National
Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,
China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National
Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,
China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National
Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,
China
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