1
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Araújo TP, Mitchell S, Pérez-Ramírez J. Design Principles of Catalytic Materials for CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409322. [PMID: 39300859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts are essential for thermocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, a key route for sustainable production of this vital platform chemical and energy carrier. The primary catalyst families studied include copper-based, indium oxide-based, and mixed zinc-zirconium oxides-based materials. Despite significant progress in their design, research is often compartmentalized, lacking a holistic overview needed to surpass current performance limits. This perspective introduces generalized design principles for catalytic materials in CO2-to-methanol conversion, illustrating how complex architectures with improved functionality can be assembled from simple components (e.g., active phases, supports, and promoters). After reviewing basic concepts in CO2-based methanol synthesis, engineering principles are explored, building in complexity from single to binary and ternary systems. As active nanostructures are complex and strongly depend on their reaction environment, recent progress in operando characterization techniques and machine learning approaches is examined. Finally, common design rules centered around symbiotic interfaces integrating acid-base and redox functions and their role in performance optimization are identified, pinpointing important future directions in catalyst design for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaylan Pinheiro Araújo
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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2
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Beck A, Newton MA, van de Water LGA, van Bokhoven JA. The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3-Based Catalysts. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4543-4678. [PMID: 38564235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The activity and durability of the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst formulation for methanol synthesis from CO/CO2/H2 feeds far exceed the sum of its individual components. As such, this ternary catalytic system is a prime example of synergy in catalysis, one that has been employed for the large scale commercial production of methanol since its inception in the mid 1960s with precious little alteration to its original formulation. Methanol is a key building block of the chemical industry. It is also an attractive energy storage molecule, which can also be produced from CO2 and H2 alone, making efficient use of sequestered CO2. As such, this somewhat unusual catalyst formulation has an enormous role to play in the modern chemical industry and the world of global economics, to which the correspondingly voluminous and ongoing research, which began in the 1920s, attests. Yet, despite this commercial success, and while research aimed at understanding how this formulation functions has continued throughout the decades, a comprehensive and universally agreed upon understanding of how this material achieves what it does has yet to be realized. After nigh on a century of research into CZA catalysts, the purpose of this Review is to appraise what has been achieved to date, and to show how, and how far, the field has evolved. To do so, this Review evaluates the research regarding this catalyst formulation in a chronological order and critically assesses the validity and novelty of various hypotheses and claims that have been made over the years. Ultimately, the Review attempts to derive a holistic summary of what the current body of literature tells us about the fundamental sources of the synergies at work within the CZA catalyst and, from this, suggest ways in which the field may yet be further advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark A Newton
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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3
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Yu X, Cheng Y, Li Y, Polo-Garzon F, Liu J, Mamontov E, Li M, Lennon D, Parker SF, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Wu Z. Neutron Scattering Studies of Heterogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37315192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural dynamics/evolution of catalysts and the related surface chemistry is essential for establishing structure-catalysis relationships, where spectroscopic and scattering tools play a crucial role. Among many such tools, neutron scattering, though less-known, has a unique power for investigating catalytic phenomena. Since neutrons interact with the nuclei of matter, the neutron-nucleon interaction provides unique information on light elements (mainly hydrogen), neighboring elements, and isotopes, which are complementary to X-ray and photon-based techniques. Neutron vibrational spectroscopy has been the most utilized neutron scattering approach for heterogeneous catalysis research by providing chemical information on surface/bulk species (mostly H-containing) and reaction chemistry. Neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering can also supply important information on catalyst structures and dynamics of surface species. Other neutron approaches, such as small angle neutron scattering and neutron imaging, have been much less used but still give distinctive catalytic information. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in neutron scattering investigations of heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on surface adsorbates, reaction mechanisms, and catalyst structural changes revealed by neutron spectroscopy, diffraction, quasielastic neutron scattering, and other neutron techniques. Perspectives are also provided on the challenges and future opportunities in neutron scattering studies of heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbin Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Felipe Polo-Garzon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Jue Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Meijun Li
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Anibal J Ramirez-Cuesta
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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4
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A review of in situ/Operando studies of heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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5
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Kordus D, Jelic J, Lopez Luna M, Divins NJ, Timoshenko J, Chee SW, Rettenmaier C, Kröhnert J, Kühl S, Trunschke A, Schlögl R, Studt F, Roldan Cuenya B. Shape-Dependent CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu 2O Nanocubes Supported on ZnO. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3016-3030. [PMID: 36716273 PMCID: PMC9912329 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol over Cu/ZnO-based catalysts is highly sensitive to the surface composition and catalyst structure. Thus, its optimization requires a deep understanding of the influence of the pre-catalyst structure on its evolution under realistic reaction conditions, including the formation and stabilization of the most active sites. Here, the role of the pre-catalyst shape (cubic vs spherical) in the activity and selectivity of ZnO-supported Cu nanoparticles was investigated during methanol synthesis. A combination of ex situ, in situ, and operando microscopy, spectroscopy, and diffraction methods revealed drastic changes in the morphology and composition of the shaped pre-catalysts under reaction conditions. In particular, the rounding of the cubes and partial loss of the (100) facets were observed, although such motifs remained in smaller domains. Nonetheless, the initial pre-catalyst structure was found to strongly affect its subsequent transformation in the course of the CO2 hydrogenation reaction and activity/selectivity trends. In particular, the cubic Cu particles displayed an increased activity for methanol production, although at the cost of a slightly reduced selectivity when compared to similarly sized spherical particles. These findings were rationalized with the help of density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kordus
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany,Department
of Physics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780Bochum, Germany
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher
Institute of Technology, 76344Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mauricio Lopez Luna
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Núria J. Divins
- Department
of Physics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780Bochum, Germany
| | - Janis Timoshenko
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - See Wee Chee
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Rettenmaier
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Kröhnert
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kühl
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher
Institute of Technology, 76344Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany,Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany,
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, 14195Berlin, Germany,
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6
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Pu Y, He B, Niu Y, Liu X, Zhang B. Chemical Electron Microscopy (CEM) for Heterogeneous Catalysis at Nano: Recent Progress and Challenges. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0043. [PMID: 36930759 PMCID: PMC10013794 DOI: 10.34133/research.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical electron microscopy (CEM), a toolbox that comprises imaging and spectroscopy techniques, provides dynamic morphological, structural, chemical, and electronic information about an object in chemical environment under conditions of observable performance. CEM has experienced a revolutionary improvement in the past years and is becoming an effective characterization method for revealing the mechanism of chemical reactions, such as catalysis. Here, we mainly address the concept of CEM for heterogeneous catalysis in the gas phase and what CEM could uniquely contribute to catalysis, and illustrate what we can know better with CEM and the challenges and future development of CEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Pu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bowen He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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7
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Frey H, Beck A, Huang X, van Bokhoven JA, Willinger MG. Dynamic interplay between metal nanoparticles and oxide support under redox conditions. Science 2022; 376:982-987. [PMID: 35617409 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic interactions between noble metal particles and reducible metal-oxide supports can depend on redox reactions with ambient gases. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI)-induced encapsulation of platinum particles on titania observed under reducing conditions is lost once the system is exposed to a redox-reactive environment containing oxygen and hydrogen at a total pressure of ~1 bar. Destabilization of the metal-oxide interface and redox-mediated reconstructions of titania lead to particle dynamics and directed particle migration that depend on nanoparticle orientation. A static encapsulated SMSI state was reestablished when switching back to purely oxidizing conditions. This work highlights the difference between reactive and nonreactive states and demonstrates that manifestations of the metal-support interaction strongly depend on the chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Frey
- Scientific Center of Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Beck
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - X Huang
- Scientific Center of Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - J A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M G Willinger
- Scientific Center of Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Beck A, Newton MA, Zabilskiy M, Rzepka P, Willinger MG, van Bokhoven JA. Drastic Events and Gradual Change Define the Structure of an Active Copper-Zinc-Alumina Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200301. [PMID: 35107196 PMCID: PMC9314061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The copper-zinc-alumina (CZA) catalyst is one of the most important catalysts. Nevertheless, understanding of the complex CZA structure is still limited and hampers further optimization. Critical to the production of a highly active and stable catalyst are optimal start-up procedures in hydrogen. Here, by employing operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, we follow how the industrial CZA precursor evolves into the working catalyst. Two major events in the activation drastically alter the copper- and zinc-containing components in the CZA catalyst and define the final working catalyst structure: the reduction of the starting copper(II) oxide, and the ripening and re-oxidation of zinc oxide upon the switch to catalytic conditions. These drastic events are also accompanied by other gradual, structural changes. Understanding what happens during these events is key to develop tailored start-up protocols that are aimed at maximal longevity and activity of the catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemistry and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Mark A. Newton
- Institute for Chemistry and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Maxim Zabilskiy
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Przemyslaw Rzepka
- Institute for Chemistry and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Marc G. Willinger
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM)ETH ZurichOtto-Stern-Weg 38093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemistry and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
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9
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Beck A, Newton MA, Zabilskiy M, Rzepka P, Willinger MG, Bokhoven JA. Drastische Ereignisse und langsame Transformation definieren die Struktur eines aktiven Kupfer‐Zink‐Aluminiumoxid‐Katalysators für die Methanol Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Mark A. Newton
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Maxim Zabilskiy
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Schweiz
| | - Przemyslaw Rzepka
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Schweiz
| | - Marc G. Willinger
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM) ETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Jeroen A. Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Schweiz
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10
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Schlögl R. Chemische Batterien mit CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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11
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Abstract
Efforts to obtain raw materials from CO2 by catalytic reduction as a means of combating greenhouse gas emissions are pushing the boundaries of the chemical industry. The dimensions of modern energy regimes, on the one hand, and the necessary transport and trade of globally produced renewable energy, on the other, will require the use of chemical batteries in conjunction with the local production of renewable electricity. The synthesis of methanol is an important option for chemical batteries and will, for that reason, be described here in detail. It is also shown that the necessary, robust, and fundamental understanding of processes and the material science of catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 does not yet exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische EnergiekonversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
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12
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Operando Neutron Scattering: Following Reactions in Real Time Using Neutrons. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Bao X, Behrens M, Ertl G, Fu Q, Knop-Gericke A, Lunkenbein T, Muhler M, Schmidt CM, Trunschke A. A Career in Catalysis: Robert Schlögl. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Malte Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry and Catalysis, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ertl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph M. Schmidt
- RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Hohenzollernstraße 1-3, 45128 Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Operando high-pressure investigation of size-controlled CuZn catalysts for the methanol synthesis reaction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1435. [PMID: 33664267 PMCID: PMC7933282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Cu/ZnO-based catalysts have been long used for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, open questions still remain regarding the role and the dynamic nature of the active sites formed at the metal-oxide interface. Here, we apply high-pressure operando spectroscopy methods to well-defined Cu and Cu0.7Zn0.3 nanoparticles supported on ZnO/Al2O3, γ-Al2O3 and SiO2 to correlate their structure, composition and catalytic performance. We obtain similar activity and methanol selectivity for Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and CuZn/SiO2, but the methanol yield decreases with time on stream for the latter sample. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy data reveal the formation of reduced Zn species coexisting with ZnO on CuZn/SiO2. Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows Zn surface segregation and the formation of a ZnO-rich shell on CuZn/SiO2. In this work we demonstrate the beneficial effect of Zn, even in diluted form, and highlight the influence of the oxide support and the Cu-Zn interface in the reactivity.
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15
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Inverse ZnO/Cu catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Ruland H, Song H, Laudenschleger D, Stürmer S, Schmidt S, He J, Kähler K, Muhler M, Schlögl R. CO
2
Hydrogenation with Cu/ZnO/Al
2
O
3
: A Benchmark Study. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Ruland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Huiqing Song
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | | | - Sascha Stürmer
- Industrial ChemistryRuhr University Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Industrial ChemistryRuhr University Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Jiayue He
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kevin Kähler
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Industrial ChemistryRuhr University Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
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17
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Bergmann A, Roldan Cuenya B. Operando Insights into Nanoparticle Transformations during Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Bergmann
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Huang X, Farra R, Schlögl R, Willinger MG. Growth and Termination Dynamics of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes at Near Ambient Pressure: An in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5380-5387. [PMID: 31369275 PMCID: PMC6748788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been long pursued since its discovery. With recent integration of in situ techniques into the study of CNT growth, important insights about the growth mechanism of CNT have been generated, which have improved our understanding significantly. However, previous in situ experiments were mainly conducted at low pressures which were far from the practical conditions. Direct information about the growth dynamics under relevant conditions is still absent and thus is highly desirable. In this work, we report atomic-scale observations of multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) growth and termination at near ambient pressure by in situ transmission electron microscopy. On the basis of the real-time imaging, we are able to reveal that the working catalyst is constantly reshaping at its apex during catalyzing CNT growth, whereas at the base the catalyst remains faceted and barely shows any morphological change. The active catalyst is identified as crystalline Fe3C, based on lattice fringes that can be imaged during growth. However, the oscillatory growth behavior of the CNT and the structural dynamics of the apex area strongly indicate that the carbon concentration in the catalyst particle is fluctuating during the course of CNT growth. Extended observations further reveal that the catalyst splitting can occur: whereas the majority of the catalyst stays at the base and continues catalyzing CNT growth, a small portion of it gets trapped inside of the growing nanotube. The catalyst splitting can take place multiple times, leading to shrinkage of both, catalyst size and diameter of CNT, and finally the growth termination of CNT due to the full coverage of the catalyst by carbon layers. Additionally, in situ observations show two more scenarios for the growth termination, that is, out-migration of the catalyst from the growing nanotube induced by (i) Oswald ripening and (ii) weakened adhesion strength between the catalyst and CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Fritz
Haber Institute of Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Scientific
Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg
3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ramzi Farra
- Fritz
Haber Institute of Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz
Haber Institute of Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marc-Georg Willinger
- Fritz
Haber Institute of Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Scientific
Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg
3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Sharapa DI, Doronkin DE, Studt F, Grunwaldt JD, Behrens S. Moving Frontiers in Transition Metal Catalysis: Synthesis, Characterization and Modeling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807381. [PMID: 30803078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized transition metal particles are important materials in catalysis with a key role not only in academic research but also in many processes with industrial and societal relevance. Although small improvements in catalytic properties can lead to significant economic and environmental impacts, it is only now that knowledge-based design of such materials is emerging, partly because the understanding of catalytic mechanisms on nanoparticle surfaces is increasingly improving. A knowledge-based design requires bottom-up synthesis of well-defined model catalysts, an understanding of the catalytic nanomaterials "at work" (operando), and both a detailed understanding and a prediction by theoretical methods. This article reports on progress in colloidal synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles for preparation of model catalysts to close the materials gap between the discoveries of fundamental surface science and industrial application. The transition metal particles, however, often undergo extensive transformations when applied to the catalytic process and much progress has recently been achieved operando characterization techniques under relevant reaction conditions. They allow better understanding of size/structure-activity correlations in these systems. Moreover, the growth of computing power and the improvement of theoretical methods uncover mechanisms on nanoparticles and have recently predicted highly active particles for CO/CO2 hydrogenation or direct H2 O2 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Sharapa
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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20
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Polo-Garzon F, Luo S, Cheng Y, Page KL, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Britt PF, Wu Z. Neutron Scattering Investigations of Hydride Species in Heterogeneous Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:93-103. [PMID: 30395417 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In heterogeneous catalysis, hydrides on the surface or in the bulk play a critical role as either active components or reaction intermediates in many hydrogen-involving reactions, but characterization of the nature and structure of these hydride species remains challenging. Neutron scattering, which is extremely sensitive to light elements, such as hydrogen, has shown great potential in meeting this challenge. In this Minireview, recent advances in neutron studies of hydride species, mainly over the two most typical classes of catalysts-metals and oxides-are surveyed. Findings on catalysts outside these categories are raised if they are considered to be relevant for contextualization in the present Minireview. The adsorption, dissociation, spillover, and reactivity of hydrogen, especially hydride species over supported metal and oxide catalysts, have been successfully investigated, mostly by means of neutron vibrational spectroscopy. Insights from these neutron studies, which are otherwise not possible with other techniques, shed light on the interaction mechanism of hydrogen with solid surfaces and reaction mechanisms in which hydrogen is involved. Future research challenges on neutron scattering studies of hydrides, as well as catalysis in general, are also highlighted, and more operando-type neutron studies need be conducted to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Polo-Garzon
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Si Luo
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Katharine L Page
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Phillip F Britt
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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21
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Tsakoumis NE, Patanou E, Lögdberg S, Johnsen RE, Myrstad R, van Beek W, Rytter E, Blekkan EA. Structure–Performance Relationships on Co-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts: The More Defect-Free, the Better. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos E. Tsakoumis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eleni Patanou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sara Lögdberg
- Chemical Technology, KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), Teknikringen 42, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rune E. Johnsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Myrstad
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wouter van Beek
- The Swiss−Norwegian Beamlines (SNBL) at ESRF, Grenoble F38043, France
| | - Erling Rytter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Edd A. Blekkan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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22
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Zhu Y, Kong X, Zheng H, Zhu Y. Strong metal-oxide interactions induce bifunctional and structural effects for Cu catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Dos Santos AM, Molaison JJ, Haberl B, Krishna L, Page K, Loguillo M, Wang XP. The high pressure gas capabilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's neutron facilities. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:092907. [PMID: 30278746 DOI: 10.1063/1.5032096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of samples subjected to high pressure gas is an important asset in materials research and has consequently been a priority of the sample environment development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) neutron program. Such effort has resulted in the availability of an extensive combination of pressure cells and gas intensifiers (both commercially available and custom made). These resources are available across both neutron facilities at ORNL: the Spallation Neutron Source and the High Flux Isotope Reactor. Current capabilities include, for example, in situ measurements up to 6 kbar and a 3 kbar hydrogen-capable intensifier with a gas recovery feature. In this communication, we will review the existing suite of high pressure gas capabilities, with special emphasis on recent in-house developments. A number of examples will be presented to illustrate how such capabilities are being deployed on neutron beamlines to enable frontier science.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Dos Santos
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - J J Molaison
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B Haberl
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - L Krishna
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - K Page
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - M Loguillo
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - X P Wang
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
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24
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Component ratio dependent Cu/Zn/Al structure sensitive catalyst in CO 2 /CO hydrogenation to methanol. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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26
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Xue Y, Ge H, Chen Z, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Sun J, Abbas M, Lin K, Zhao W, Chen J. Effect of strain on the performance of iron-based catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Jeong C, Suh YW. Preparation of Active Cu/ZnO-based Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2016.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Lunkenbein T, Girgsdies F, Kandemir T, Thomas N, Behrens M, Schlögl R, Frei E. Bridging the Time Gap: A Copper/Zinc Oxide/Aluminum Oxide Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis Studied under Industrially Relevant Conditions and Time Scales. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12708-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Timur Kandemir
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering; Eißendorfstr. 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Nygil Thomas
- Department of Chemistry; Nirmalagiri College; Kannur Kerala India
| | - Malte Behrens
- University of Duisburg-Essen; Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE; Universitätsstrasse 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion; Stiftstrasse 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Elias Frei
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
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29
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Lunkenbein T, Girgsdies F, Kandemir T, Thomas N, Behrens M, Schlögl R, Frei E. Bridging the Time Gap: A Copper/Zinc Oxide/Aluminum Oxide Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis Studied under Industrially Relevant Conditions and Time Scales. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Timur Kandemir
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering; Eißendorfstr. 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Nygil Thomas
- Department of Chemistry; Nirmalagiri College; Kannur Kerala India
| | - Malte Behrens
- University of Duisburg-Essen; Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE; Universitätsstrasse 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion; Stiftstrasse 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Elias Frei
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
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30
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31
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Tumuluri U, Rother G, Wu Z. Fundamental Understanding of the Interaction of Acid Gases with CeO2: From Surface Science to Practical Catalysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b05014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Tumuluri
- Chemical Sciences Division and ‡Center for Nanophase
Material Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gernot Rother
- Chemical Sciences Division and ‡Center for Nanophase
Material Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division and ‡Center for Nanophase
Material Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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32
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Kim Y, Trung TSB, Yang S, Kim S, Lee H. Mechanism of the Surface Hydrogen Induced Conversion of CO2 to Methanol at Cu(111) Step Sites. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- Molecular-Level
Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Si Bui Trung
- Molecular-Level
Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sena Yang
- Molecular-Level
Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehun Kim
- Molecular-Level
Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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33
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Falkowska M, Chansai S, Manyar HG, Gladden LF, Bowron DT, Youngs TGA, Hardacre C. Determination of toluene hydrogenation kinetics with neutron diffraction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17237-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Total neutron scattering has been used to follow the hydrogenation of toluene-d8 to methylcyclohexane-d14 over 3 wt% platinum supported on highly ordered mesoporous silica (MCM-41) at 298 K and under 150–250 mbar D2 pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Falkowska
- STFC ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Campus
- Oxon
- UK
| | - Sarayute Chansai
- CenTACat
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | - Haresh G. Manyar
- CenTACat
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | - Lynn F. Gladden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
| | - Daniel T. Bowron
- STFC ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Campus
- Oxon
- UK
| | | | - Christopher Hardacre
- CenTACat
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
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34
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Shi Z, Zhang S, Xiao X, Mao D, Lu G. A highly effective and stable CuZn0.3MgxAlOycatalyst for the manufacture of chirall-phenylalaninol: the role of Mg and its hydrotalcite-like precursor. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly effective and stable CuZn0.3Mg0.1AlOycatalyst derived from a Cu-rich hydrotalcite-like precursor was prepared for the catalytic hydrogenation ofl-phenylalanine methyl ester tol-phenylalaninol with ~100% ee selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangping Shi
- Research Institute of Applied Catalysis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Catalysis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Xiuzhen Xiao
- Research Institute of Applied Catalysis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Dongsen Mao
- Research Institute of Applied Catalysis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Guanzhong Lu
- Research Institute of Applied Catalysis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
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35
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Kandemir T, Friedrich M, Parker SF, Studt F, Lennon D, Schlögl R, Behrens M. Different routes to methanol: inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy of adsorbates on supported copper catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17253-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00967k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inelastic neutron scattering of Cu-based methanol synthesis catalysts revealed that the surface coverage after reaction depends on the support oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Kandemir
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Felix Studt
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park
- USA
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry
- Joseph Black Building
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Malte Behrens
- Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- Universitätsstr. 7
- 45141 Essen
- Germany
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36
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Martin O, Mondelli C, Curulla-Ferré D, Drouilly C, Hauert R, Pérez-Ramírez J. Zinc-Rich Copper Catalysts Promoted by Gold for Methanol Synthesis. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Martin
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Mondelli
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Curulla-Ferré
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Drouilly
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Roland Hauert
- Empa, Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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37
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Martínez-Suárez L, Siemer N, Frenzel J, Marx D. Reaction Network of Methanol Synthesis over Cu/ZnO Nanocatalysts. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez-Suárez
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr−Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Niklas Siemer
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr−Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes Frenzel
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr−Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr−Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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38
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Su DS, Zhang B, Schlögl R. Electron microscopy of solid catalysts--transforming from a challenge to a toolbox. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2818-82. [PMID: 25826447 DOI: 10.1021/cr500084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Sheng Su
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Robert Schlögl
- ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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39
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Wang ZJ, Weinberg G, Zhang Q, Lunkenbein T, Klein-Hoffmann A, Kurnatowska M, Plodinec M, Li Q, Chi L, Schloegl R, Willinger MG. Direct observation of graphene growth and associated copper substrate dynamics by in situ scanning electron microscopy. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1506-19. [PMID: 25584770 DOI: 10.1021/nn5059826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work highlights the importance of in situ experiments for an improved understanding of graphene growth on copper via metal-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Graphene growth inside the chamber of a modified environmental scanning electron microscope under relevant low-pressure CVD conditions allows visualizing structural dynamics of the active catalyst simultaneously with graphene nucleation and growth in an unparalleled way. It enables the observation of a complete CVD process from substrate annealing through graphene nucleation and growth and, finally, substrate cooling in real time and nanometer-scale resolution without the need of sample transfer. A strong dependence of surface dynamics such as sublimation and surface premelting on grain orientation is demonstrated, and the influence of substrate dynamics on graphene nucleation and growth is presented. Insights on the growth mechanism are provided by a simultaneous observation of the growth front propagation and nucleation rate. Furthermore, the role of trace amounts of oxygen during growth is discussed and related to graphene-induced surface reconstructions during cooling. Above all, this work demonstrates the potential of the method for in situ studies of surface dynamics on active metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Wang
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society , D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
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Abstract
A heterogeneous catalyst is a functional material that continually creates active sites with its reactants under reaction conditions. These sites change the rates of chemical reactions of the reactants localized on them without changing the thermodynamic equilibrium between the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Germany) http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de http://www.cec.mpg.de; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr (Germany).
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Tsakoumis NE, York APE, Chen D, Rønning M. Catalyst characterisation techniques and reaction cells operating at realistic conditions; towards acquisition of kinetically relevant information. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalyst characterisation techniques and reaction cells operating at realistic conditions; towards acquisition of kinetically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos E. Tsakoumis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Andrew P. E. York
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre
- Blount's Court
- Sonning Common
- Reading RG4 9NH
- UK
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Magnus Rønning
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- NO-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
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43
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Hansen TC, Kohlmann H. Chemical Reactions followed byin situNeutron Powder Diffraction. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Frenzel J, Marx D. Methanol synthesis on ZnO(0001¯). IV. Reaction mechanisms and electronic structure. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:124710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4896053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Frenzel
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Comparison of normal and reverse precipitation methods in the preparation of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogenolysis of butyl butyrate. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Xiao J, da Rosa AL, Zhang R, Teoh WY, Frauenheim T. Structural Evolution of Cu/ZnO Active Sites: From Reactive Environment to Ultrahigh Vacuum. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Kuld S, Conradsen C, Moses PG, Chorkendorff I, Sehested J. Quantification of Zinc Atoms in a Surface Alloy on Copper in an Industrial-Type Methanol Synthesis Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Kuld S, Conradsen C, Moses PG, Chorkendorff I, Sehested J. Quantification of zinc atoms in a surface alloy on copper in an industrial-type methanol synthesis catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5941-5. [PMID: 24764288 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Methanol has recently attracted renewed interest because of its potential importance as a solar fuel. Methanol is also an important bulk chemical that is most efficiently formed over the industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. The identity of the active site and, in particular, the role of ZnO as a promoter for this type of catalyst is still under intense debate. Structural changes that are strongly dependent on the pretreatment method have now been observed for an industrial-type methanol synthesis catalyst. A combination of chemisorption, reaction, and spectroscopic techniques provides a consistent picture of surface alloying between copper and zinc. This analysis enables a reinterpretation of the methods that have been used for the determination of the Cu surface area and provides an opportunity to independently quantify the specific Cu and Zn areas. This method may also be applied to other systems where metal-support interactions are important, and this work generally addresses the role of the carrier and the nature of the interactions between carrier and metal in heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kuld
- Haldor Topsøe Research Laboratories, Nymøllevej 55, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)
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Martínez-Suárez L, Frenzel J, Marx D. Cu/ZnO nanocatalysts in response to environmental conditions: surface morphology, electronic structure, redox state and CO2 activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26119-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methanol synthesis is one of the landmarks of heterogeneous catalysis due to the great industrial significance of methanol as a clean liquid fuel and as a raw material for industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Frenzel
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44780 Bochum, Germany
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High Selectivity Higher Alcohols Synthesis from Syngas over Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Cu-Fe Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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