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Urgel JI, Sánchez-Grande A, Vicent DJ, Jelínek P, Martín N, Écija D. On-Surface Covalent Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials by Harnessing Carbon gem-Polyhalides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402467. [PMID: 38864470 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The design of innovative carbon-based nanostructures stands at the forefront of both chemistry and materials science. In this context, π-conjugated compounds are of great interest due to their impact in a variety of fields, including optoelectronics, spintronics, energy storage, sensing and catalysis. Despite extensive research efforts, substantial knowledge gaps persist in the synthesis and characterization of new π-conjugated compounds with potential implications for science and technology. On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful discipline to overcome limitations associated with conventional solution chemistry methods, offering advanced tools to characterize the resulting nanomaterials. This review specifically highlights recent achievements in the utilization of molecular precursors incorporating carbon geminal (gem)-polyhalides as functional groups to guide the formation of π-conjugated 0D species, as well as 1D, quasi-1D π-conjugated polymers, and 2D nanoarchitectures. By delving into reaction pathways, novel structural designs, and the electronic, magnetic, and topological features of the resulting products, the review provides fundamental insights for a new generation of π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha, 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Diego J Vicent
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Praha, 16200, Czech Republic
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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2
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Zheng P, Liu C, Zeng Q, Zhang Y, Liu Y, He J, Deng Y, Cao S. Fe-catalyzed hydroxytrifluoromethylation of α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes with CF 3SO 2Na: facile access to α,β-bistrifluoromethyl tertiary alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9302-9306. [PMID: 36399128 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A mild and practical Fe-catalyzed hydroxytrifluoromethylation of α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes with CF3SO2Na in the presence of K2S2O8 and air was developed. The reaction proceeded efficiently at room temperature without β-fluoride elimination and afforded the corresponding α,β-bistrifluoromethyl tertiary alcohols in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Chuan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qianding Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jingjing He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yupian Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Song Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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3
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Zhang X, Li Y. Light-Induced Iron-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylative Thiolation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:8057-8061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bio-engineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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4
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Zeplichal M, Gies J, Bernd J, Winslaws DK, Chang T, Chen YS, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV, Terfort A. Fluorinated Azaacenes: Efficient Syntheses, Structures, and Electrochemical Properties. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Bernd J, Werner P, Zeplichal M, Terfort A. Electrochemical O-trifluoromethylation of electron-deficient phenols. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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6
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Putta A, Sykes AG, Sun H. Perfluoroalkylated anthracene endoperoxide: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure analysis, and computational insights. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Brook CP, DeWeerd N, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Structural and electronic effects in perfluorobenzylated perylenes. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Shukla J, Singh VP, Mukhopadhyay P. Molecular and Supramolecular Multiredox Systems. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:304-324. [PMID: 32154051 PMCID: PMC7050954 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of molecular and supramolecular multiredox systems have been summarized. These systems are of great importance as they can be employed in the next generation of materials for energy storage, energy transport, and solar fuel production. Nature provides guiding pathways and insights to judiciously incorporate and tune the various molecular and supramolecular design aspects that result in the formation of complex and efficient systems. In this review, we have classified molecular multiredox systems into organic and organic-inorganic hybrid systems. The organic multiredox systems are further classified into multielectron acceptors, multielectron donors and ambipolar molecules. Synthetic chemists have integrated different electron donating and electron withdrawing groups to realize these complex molecular systems. Further, we have reviewed supramolecular multiredox systems, redox-active host-guest recognition, including mechanically interlocked systems. Finally, the review provides a discussion on the diverse applications, e. g. in artificial photosynthesis, water splitting, dynamic random access memory, etc. that can be realized from these artificial molecular or supramolecular multiredox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
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Livshits MY, Reeves BJ, DeWeerd NJ, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV, Rack JJ. Trifluoromethylated Phenanthroline Ligands Reduce Excited-State Distortion in Homoleptic Copper(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2781-2790. [PMID: 32049510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and excited-state dynamics for a series of homoleptic copper(I) trifluoromethylated phenanthroline complexes with two, three, and four trifluoromethyl functional groups. Our analysis of the steady-state absorbance and emission, transient-absorption spectroscopy, and electronic-structure-theory calculations results enable in-depth analysis of the pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortion inhibition from increased steric hindrance of the trifluoromethyl functional group relative to the prototypical dimethyl phenanthroline complex. Surprisingly, our results demonstrate that the greatest degree of pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortion inhibition is achieved with trifluoromethylation of only the 2 and 9 positions by an unusual combination of steric hindrance and stabilization of a nondistorted 1MLCT manifold observed by transient kinetic lifetimes and optimized excited-state structures. The intersystem-crossing (ISC) lifetime for the 2,9-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,10-phenanthroline Cu(I) complex is 69 ps, while the triplet excited-state lifetime and emission quantum yield are 106 ns and 4 × 10-3, respectively. Further trifluoromethylation of the phenanthroline yields a greater σ bond inductive withdrawing force on the phenanthroline nitrogens, ultimately resulting in weaker coordination to the copper. Last, the surprising success of the 2,9-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,10-phenanthroline Cu(I) complex by adjusting both ligand sterics and electronic properties outlines a new strategy for developing long-lived Cu(I) charge-transfer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Y Livshits
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Brian J Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Nicholas J DeWeerd
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Olga V Boltalina
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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10
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Castro KP, Bukovsky EV, Kuvychko IV, DeWeerd NJ, Chen Y, Deng SHM, Wang X, Popov AA, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. PAH/PAH(CF 3 ) n Donor/Acceptor Charge-Transfer Complexes in Solution and in Solid-State Co-Crystals. Chemistry 2019; 25:13547-13565. [PMID: 31381207 PMCID: PMC6916568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A solution, solid-state, and computational study is reported of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH/PAH(CF3 )n donor/acceptor (D/A) charge-transfer complexes that involve six PAH(CF3 )n acceptors with known gas-phase electron affinities that range from 2.11(2) to 2.805(15) eV and four PAH donors, including seven CT co-crystal X-ray structures that exhibit hexagonal arrays of mixed π-stacks with 1/1, 1/2, or 2/1 D/A stoichiometries (PAH=anthracene, azulene, coronene, perylene, pyrene, triphenylene; n=5, 6). These are the first D/A CT complexes with PAH(CF3 )n acceptors to be studied in detail. The nine D/A combinations were chosen to allow several structural and electronic comparisons to be made, providing new insights about controlling D/A interactions and the structures of CT co-crystals. The comparisons include, among others, CT complexes of the same PAH(CF3 )n acceptor with four PAH donors and CT complexes of the same donor with four PAH(CF3 )n acceptors. All nine CT complexes exhibit charge-transfer bands in solution with λmax between 467 and 600 nm. A plot of E(λmax ) versus [IE(donor)-EA(acceptor)] for the nine CT complexes studied is linear with a slope of 0.72±0.03 eV eV-1 . This plot is the first of its kind for CT complexes with structurally related donors and acceptors for which precise experimental gas-phase IEs and EAs are known. It demonstrates that conclusions based on the common assumption that the slope of a CT E(λmax ) versus [IE-EA] plot is unity may be incorrect in at least some cases and should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee P. Castro
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Eric V. Bukovsky
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Igor V. Kuvychko
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | | | - Yu‐Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARSUniversity of Chicago, Advanced Photon SourceArgonneIL 60439USA
| | - Shihu H. M. Deng
- Physical Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8 88P.O. Box 999RichlandWashington99352USA
| | - Xue‐Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8 88P.O. Box 999RichlandWashington99352USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchDresden01069Germany
| | - Steven H. Strauss
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Olga V. Boltalina
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
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11
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DeWeerd NJ, Bukovsky EV, Castro KP, Kuvychko IV, Popov AA, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Steric and electronic effects of CF3 conformations in acene(CF3) derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Rippy KC, DeWeerd NJ, Kuvychko IV, Chen YS, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Fluorination-Induced Evolution of Columnar Packing in Fluorous Triphenylenes and Benzotriphenylenes. Chempluschem 2018; 83:1067-1077. [PMID: 31950709 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Use of D3h -symmetrical triphenylene (TRPH) as a substrate for high-temperature radical reactions with C4 F8 I2 under varying conditions resulted in the introduction of four types of fluorinated substituents: ω-C4 F8 H, c-C4 F8 , c-C4 F4 , and c-C4 HF3 . In contrast to the previous work on direct (poly)substitutions with RF groups in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in this work regiospecificity, selectivity, and high yield were achieved for TRPH(C4 F8 ) and TRPH(C4 F8 )3 . New single-crystal structural data for seven compounds combined with literature crystallographic data allowed for the first detailed and precise analysis of the effects of fluorous substituent types, their number, and their position(s) on the TRPH core on the solid-state packing, and more specifically, the degree of π-π overlap between neighboring molecules, which is linked to charge transport properties. Comparison of isostructural partially fluorinated benzotriphenylenes, 2,3-TRPH(C4 F4 ) and 2,3-TRPH(C4 HF3 ), revealed an unexpectedly large (30 %) drop of π-π overlap, when only one fluorine atom was replaced with the hydrogen atom in a C4 F4 moiety. Theoretical and potentially practical implications of this work may include further testing and elaboration of computational methods describing solid-state interactions and predictions of transport properties of organic semiconductors, and further advances in the molecular design of high-performing TRPH-based organic materials and supramolecular architectures for organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry C Rippy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nicholas J DeWeerd
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Igor V Kuvychko
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Olga V Boltalina
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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13
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Yu X, Dai P, Zhu Y, Teng P, Zhang W, Deng C. Metal‐free, Visible‐Light‐Mediated Direct Csp
2
−H Radical Mono‐ and Bis‐trifluoromethylation of Coumarins and Bioactivity Evaluation. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Peng Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Chuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Peng Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Hua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
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14
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You Y, Lu WY, Wang ZH, Chen YZ, Xu XY, Zhang XM, Yuan WC. Organocatalytic Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N-2,2,2-Trifluoroethylisatin Ketimines with β-Trifluoromethyl Electron-Deficient Alkenes: Access to Vicinally Bis(trifluoromethyl)-Substituted 3,2′-Pyrrolidinyl Spirooxindoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:4453-4457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong You
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wen-Ya Lu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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15
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Kuvychko IV, Clikeman T, Dubceac C, Chen Y, Petrukhina MA, Strauss SH, Popov AA, Boltalina OV. Understanding Polyarene Trifluoromethylation with Hot CF
3
Radicals Using Corannulene. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Kuvychko
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University 80523 Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Tyler Clikeman
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University 80523 Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Cristina Dubceac
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 12222 Albany NY USA
| | - Yu‐Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS University of Chicago Advanced Photon Source 60439 Argonne IL USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 12222 Albany NY USA
| | - Steven H. Strauss
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University 80523 Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Liebniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research D01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Olga V. Boltalina
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University 80523 Fort Collins CO USA
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16
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Pal AK, Li C, Hanan GS, Zysman‐Colman E. Blue‐Emissive Cobalt(III) Complexes and Their Use in the Photocatalytic Trifluoromethylation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8027-8031. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan K. Pal
- Département de ChimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3T 1J4 Canada
- Organic Semiconductor CenterEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Chenfei Li
- Organic Semiconductor CenterEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Garry S. Hanan
- Département de ChimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CenterEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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17
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Pal AK, Li C, Hanan GS, Zysman‐Colman E. Blue‐Emissive Cobalt(III) Complexes and Their Use in the Photocatalytic Trifluoromethylation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan K. Pal
- Département de ChimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3T 1J4 Canada
- Organic Semiconductor CenterEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Chenfei Li
- Organic Semiconductor CenterEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Garry S. Hanan
- Département de ChimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CenterEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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18
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Bukovsky EV, DeWeerd NJ, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Versatile metal reactor for high-temperature and high-pressure trifluoromethylation of carbon-rich substrates. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Ito S, Koshino K, Mikami K. CF 3 -Inspired Synthesis of Air-Tolerant 9-Phosphaanthracenes that Feature Fluorescence and Crystalline Polymorphs. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:830-837. [PMID: 29377570 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
9-Phosphaanthracene (dibenzo[b,e]phosphorin, acridophosphine) has attracted interest as one of the heavier acenes. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient synthetic process that provides air-tolerant 1,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9-phosphaanthracenes. The sterically encumbered and electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl (CF3 ) groups are quite advantageous not only to stabilize the intrinsically unstable heavier unsaturated phosphorus atom but also to facilitate construction of the phosphinine skeleton based on a putative increase in aromaticity. The isolated 9-phosphaanthracenes allowed characterization of their fluorescence functionality and planar heteroanthracene frameworks. The crystal structures of 9-phosphaanthracenes are remarkably dependent on the aryl substituents at the 10 position; anthryl-substituted 9-phosphaanthracene showed unique polymorphs that induced different-colored crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kota Koshino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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20
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Abstract
This review article highlights the emergence of eclectic molecular design principles to realize remarkably strong electron deficient arylenediimide molecules, aspects of their stability and associated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab
- School of Physical Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab
- School of Physical Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab
- School of Physical Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab
- School of Physical Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
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21
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San LK, Spisak SN, Dubceac C, Deng SHM, Kuvychko IV, Petrukhina MA, Wang X, Popov AA, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Experimental and DFT Studies of the Electron‐Withdrawing Ability of Perfluoroalkyl (R
F
) Groups: Electron Affinities of PAH(R
F
)
n
Increase Significantly with Increasing R
F
Chain Length. Chemistry 2017; 24:1441-1447. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long K. San
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany New York 12222 USA
| | - Cristina Dubceac
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany New York 12222 USA
| | - Shihu H M. Deng
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory MS K8 88, P.O. Box 999 Richland Washington 99352 USA
| | - Igor V. Kuvychko
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany New York 12222 USA
| | - Xue‐Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory MS K8 88, P.O. Box 999 Richland Washington 99352 USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Department of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers Liebniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Steven H. Strauss
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Olga V. Boltalina
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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22
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Castro KP, Clikeman TT, DeWeerd NJ, Bukovsky EV, Rippy KC, Kuvychko IV, Hou GL, Chen YS, Wang XB, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Incremental Tuning Up of Fluorous Phenazine Acceptors. Chemistry 2016; 22:3930-6. [PMID: 26617289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a simple, one-step direct trifluoromethylation of phenazine with CF3 I we prepared and characterized nine (poly)trifluoromethyl derivatives with up to six CF3 groups. The electrochemical reduction potentials and gas-phase electron affinities show a direct, strict linear relation to the number of CF3 groups, with phenazine(CF3)6 reaching a record-high electron affinity of 3.24 eV among perfluoroalkylated polyaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee P Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Tyler T Clikeman
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Nicholas J DeWeerd
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Eric V Bukovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Kerry C Rippy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Igor V Kuvychko
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Olga V Boltalina
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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23
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Zalibera M, Machata P, Clikeman TT, Rosenkranz M, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV, Popov AA. (19)F NMR-, ESR-, and vis-NIR-spectroelectrochemical study of the unconventional reduction behaviour of a perfluoroalkylated fullerene: dimerization of the C70(CF3)10(-) radical anion. Analyst 2016; 140:7209-16. [PMID: 26359514 PMCID: PMC4910863 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
19F NMR spectroelectrochemistry is applied to study the reduction mechanism of perfluoroalkylated fullerene C70(CF3)10.
The most abundant isomer of C70(CF3)10 (70-10-1) is a rare example of a perfluoroalkylated fullerene exhibiting electrochemically irreversible reduction. We show that electrochemical reversibility at the first reduction step is achieved at scan rates higher than 500 V s–1. Applying ESR-, vis-NIR-, and 19F NMR-spectroelectrochemistry, as well as mass spectrometry and DFT calculations, we show that the (70-10-1)– radical monoanion is in equilibrium with a singly-bonded diamagnetic dimeric dianion. This study is the first example of 19F NMR spectroelectrochemistry, which promises to be an important method for the elucidation of redox mechanisms of fluoroorganic compounds. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of combining different spectroelectrochemical methods and quantitative analysis of the transferred charge and spin numbers in the determination of the redox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zalibera
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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24
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Rippy KC, Bukovsky EV, Clikeman TT, Chen YS, Hou GL, Wang XB, Popov AA, Boltalina OV, Strauss SH. Copper Causes Regiospecific Formation of C4
F8
-Containing Six-Membered Rings and their Defluorination/Aromatization to C4
F4
-Containing Rings in Triphenylene/1,4-C4
F8
I2
Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 22:874-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry C. Rippy
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Eric V. Bukovsky
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Tyler T. Clikeman
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS; University of Chicago Advanced Proton Source; Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Olga V. Boltalina
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Steven H. Strauss
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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25
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Clikeman TT, Bukovsky EV, Wang XB, Chen YS, Rumbles G, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Core Perylene Diimide Designs via Direct Bay- andortho-(Poly)trifluoromethylation: Synthesis, Isolation, X-ray Structures, Optical and Electronic Properties. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Clikeman TT, Deng SHM, Popov AA, Wang XB, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Fullerene cyanation does not always increase electron affinity: an experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:551-6. [PMID: 25407600 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04287e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electron affinities of C70 derivatives with trifluoromethyl, methyl and cyano groups were studied experimentally and theoretically using low-temperature photoelectron spectroscopy (LT PES) and density functional theory (DFT). The electronic effects of these functional groups were determined and found to be highly dependent on the addition patterns. Substitution of CF3 for CN for the same addition pattern increases the experimental electron affinity by 70 meV per substitution. The synthesis of a new fullerene derivative, C70(CF3)10(CN)2, is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler T Clikeman
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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27
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San LK, Clikeman TT, Dubceac C, Popov AA, Chen YS, Petrukhina MA, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Corannulene Molecular Rotor with Flexible Perfluorobenzyl Blades: Synthesis, Structure and Properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:9488-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Yang B, Xu XH, Qing FL. Copper-Mediated Radical 1,2-Bis(trifluoromethylation) of Alkenes with Sodium Trifluoromethanesulfinate. Org Lett 2015; 17:1906-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
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29
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Boltalina OV, Popov AA, Kuvychko IV, Shustova NB, Strauss SH. Perfluoroalkylfullerenes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:1051-105. [PMID: 25590357 PMCID: PMC4311657 DOI: 10.1021/cr5002595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Boltalina
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor V. Kuvychko
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Steven H. Strauss
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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30
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Clikeman TT, Bukovsky EV, Kuvychko IV, San LK, Deng SHM, Wang XB, Chen YS, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Poly(trifluoromethyl)azulenes: structures and acceptor properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6263-6. [PMID: 24788399 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00510d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six new poly(trifluoromethyl)azulenes prepared in a single high-temperature reaction exhibit strong electron accepting properties in the gas phase and in solution and demonstrate the propensity to form regular π-stacked columns in donor-acceptor crystals when mixed with pyrene as a donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler T Clikeman
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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31
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San LK, Bukovsky EV, Kuvychko IV, Popov AA, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV. Single-Step Gas-Phase Polyperfluoroalkylation of Naphthalene Leads to Thermodynamic Products. Chemistry 2014; 20:4373-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Cao XH, Pan X, Zhou PJ, Zou JP, Asekun OT. Manganese(iii)-mediated direct Csp2–H radical trifluoromethylation of coumarins with sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3359-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Mottishaw JD, Sun H. Effects of Aromatic Trifluoromethylation, Fluorination, and Methylation on Intermolecular π–π Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7970-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp403679x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery D. Mottishaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United
States
| | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United
States
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