1
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Reyna JA, Krishnan VM, Silva Villatoro R, Arman HD, Stoian SA, Tonzetich ZJ. Square-planar imido complexes of cobalt: synthesis, reactivity and computational study. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12128-12137. [PMID: 38979933 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of [Co(N2)(tBuPNP)] (tBuPNP = anion of 2,5-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyrrole) with one equivalent of an aryl azide generates the four-coordinate imido complexes [Co(NAr)(tBuPNP)] (Ar = mesityl, phenyl, or 4-tBu-phenyl). X-ray crystallographic analysis of the compounds shows an unusual square-planar geometry about cobalt with nearly linear imido units. In the presence of the hydrogen atom donor, TEMPOH, [Co(NPh)(tBuPNP)] undergoes addition of the H atom to the imido nitrogen to generate the corresponding amido complex, [Co(NHPh)(tBuPNP)], whose structure and composition were verified by independent synthesis. Despite the observation of H atom transfer reactivity with TEMPOH, the imido complexes do not show catalytic activity for C-H amination or aziridination for several substrates examined. In the case of [Co(NPh)(tBuPNP)], addition of excess azide produced the tetrazido complex, [Co(N4Ph2)(tBuPNP)], whose bond metrics were most consistent with an anionic Ph2N4 ligand. Density Functional Theory (DFT) investigations of the imido and tetrazido species suggest that they adopt a ground state best described as possessing a low-spin cobalt(II) ion ferromagnetically coupled to an iminyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Reyna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - V Mahesh Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Roberto Silva Villatoro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | | | - Zachary J Tonzetich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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2
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Janssen M, Frederichs T, Olaru M, Lork E, Hupf E, Beckmann J. Synthesis of a stable crystalline nitrene. Science 2024; 385:318-321. [PMID: 38870274 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Nitrenes are a highly reactive, yet fundamental, compound class. They possess a monovalent nitrogen atom and usually a short life span, typically in the nanosecond range. Here, we report on the synthesis of a stable nitrene by photolysis of the arylazide MSFluindN3 (1), which gave rise to the quantitative formation of the arylnitrene MSFluindN (2) (MSFluind is dispiro[fluorene-9,3'-(1',1',7',7'-tetramethyl-s-hydrindacen-4'-yl)-5',9''-fluorene]) that remains unchanged for at least 3 days when stored under argon atmosphere at room temperature. The extraordinary life span permitted the full characterization of 2 by single-crystal x-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, which supported a triplet ground state. Theoretical simulations suggest that in addition to the kinetic stabilization conferred by the bulky MSFluind aryl substituent, electron delocalization across the central aromatic ring contributes to the electron stabilization of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Janssen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Frederichs
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurther Str. 2-4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marian Olaru
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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3
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Seikh L, Sutradhar S, Dhara S, Bera SK, Panda S, Paine TK, Lahiri GK. Sequential Oxygenation of Bis(β-diketiminate) on a Selective Diruthenium Platform. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10312-10323. [PMID: 38776455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This article demonstrated the redox-noninnocent phenylene-linked bis(β-diketiminate) (L2-)-bridged first example of isomeric diruthenium(III)-acac species (acac = acetylacetonate) and its ability to activate dioxygen. The coordination of deprotonated L2- to the {Ru(acac)2} in bis(bidentate) mode led to isomeric {(acac)2RuIII}2(μ-L2-) (S = 1, 1-trans/1-cis, green). 1 displayed Ru(III)-based anisotropic EPR in CH3CN but without the resolution of the forbidden (ΔMs = 2) g1/2 signal at 77 K. 1-cis, however, slowly transformed to the energetically favored 1-trans form. 1 underwent two-step oxygenation at the Cβ sites of L2- to form the β-diketiminate/α-ketodiimine (L'-)-bridged mixed valent (acac)2RuIII(μ-L'-)RuII(acac)2 (2, S = 1/2, pink) followed by bis(α-ketodiimine) (L″)-bridged isovalent (acac)2RuII(μ-L″)RuII(acac)2 (3, S = 0, red). The role of O2 toward 1 → 2/3 was corroborated by 18O2 labeling experiment. Redox steps of 1-3 varied as a function of isomeric identity, bridge, and metal oxidation state. The calculated MOs and Mulliken spin densities attributed to the noninnocence of L2-, L'-, and L″ in the respective complexes. Spectrophotometric monitoring of 1 → 2 revealed pseudo-first-order rate constants (105k s-1) of 1.8 (303 K), 3.5 (313 K), 7.7 (323 K), and 17.0 (333 K) and ΔH⧧/ΔS⧧/ΔG⧧ of 14.3 kcal mol-1/-33.1 cal mol-1 K-1/24.2 kcal mol-1 (298 K), respectively. Moreover, characterization of the short-lived blue intermediate obtained during the conversion of 1 → 2/3 upon exposure to O2 supported its valence tautomeric form (VT1, RuIII-L2--RuIII ↔ RuIII-L•--RuII, S = 1), which in effect facilitated oxygen activation at the ligand backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liton Seikh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Subhankar Sutradhar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suman Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Tapan Kanti Paine
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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4
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Yao C, Gonçalves TP, Wang X, Luo L, Huang KW. Ligand-Dominated Activation of CO 2 and CS 2 by the Putative Nickel Phosphiniminato Intermediates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7820-7827. [PMID: 38630579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Room-temperature photoactivation of the first- and second-generation PN3P-pincer nickel azido complexes 1a and 1b in the presence of CO2 or CS2 afforded N-bound carbamates, dithiocarbamates, and isothiocyanates, providing insights into CO2 and CS2 activation and demonstrating how a seemingly small difference in the ligand structure significantly influences the reactivity. Theoretical calculations disclosed that the charge of the phosphorus atom plays a critical role in determining the nitrogen atom transfer to form a plausible nickel phosphiniminato intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiufang Wang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lun Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Yang XJ, Yang CC, Jiang Q. DFT Study of N-modified Co 3Mo 3C Electrocatalyst with Separated Active Sites for Enhanced Ammonia Oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301535. [PMID: 37997528 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the facile oxidation of ammonia is one key for its utilization as a zero-carbon fuel in a direct ammonia fuel cell, developing the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) catalysts with cost-effective and higher activity is urgently required. However, the catalytic activity of AOR is limited by the scaling relationship of the intermediate adsorption. Based on the density functional theory, the N-modified Co3Mo3C with separated active sites of NH3 dehydrogenation and N-N coupling has been designed and investigated, which is a promising strategy to circumvent the scaling relationship, achieving improved AOR catalytic performance with a lower theoretical overpotential of 0.59 V under fast reaction kinetics condition. The calculation results show that the hollow site (Co-Mo-Mo and Co-Co-Mo) and Co site in N-modified Co3Mo3C play essential roles in NH3 dehydrogenation and N-N coupling, respectively. This work not only benefits for understanding the mechanism of AOR, but also provides a fundamental guidance for rational design of AOR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Chun Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, China
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Yang YZ, Xue Q, Xiong ZQ, Li Y, Ouyang XH, Hu M, Li JH. Divergent [2 + n] Heteroannulation of β-CF 3-1,3-enynes with Alkyl Azides via Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical Substitution. Org Lett 2024; 26:889-894. [PMID: 38251851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A copper-promoted divergent intermolecular [2 + n] heteroannulation of β-CF3-1,3-enynes with alkyl azides via alkyl radical-driven HAT and radical substitution (C-C bond formation) to form four- to ten-membered saturated N-heterocycles is developed. This method enables the aryl-induced or kinetically controlled site selective functionalization of the remote C(sp3)-H bonds at positions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 toward the nitrogen atom through triplet nitrene formation, radical addition across the C═C bond, HAT and radical substitution cascades, and features a broad substrate scope, excellent site selectivity, and facile late-stage derivatization of bioactive molecules. Initial deuterium-labeling and control experiments shed light on the reaction mechanism via nitrene formation and HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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7
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Sugimoto H, Sakaida M, Shiota Y, Miyanishi M, Morimoto Y, Yoshizawa K, Itoh S. A rhodium(II)/rhodium(III) redox couple for C-H bond amination with alkylazides: a rhodium(III)-nitrenoid intermediate with a tetradentate [14]-macrocyclic ligand. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1607-1615. [PMID: 38165665 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of a rhodium(II) dimer complex, [RhII(TMAA)]2 (TMAA = tetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene), in C-H amination reactions with organic azides is explored. Organic azides (N3-R) with an electron-withdrawing group such as a sulfonyl group (trisylazide; R = S(O)2iPr3C6H2 (Trs)) and a simple alkyl group (R = (CH2)4Ph, (CH2)2OCH2Ph, CH2Ph, or C6H4NO2) are employed in intra- and intermolecular C-H bond amination reactions. The spectroscopic analysis using ESI-mass and EPR spectroscopy techniques on the reaction intermediate generated from [RhII(TMAA)]2 and N3-R reveals that a rhodium(III)-nitrenoid species is an active oxidant in the C-H bond amination reaction. DFT calculations suggest that the species can feature a radical localised nitrogen atom. The DFT calculation studies also indicate that the amination reaction involves hydrogen atom abstraction from the organic substrate R'-H by the NR moiety of 2N˙R and successive rebound of the generated organic radical intermediate R'˙ to [RhIII(NH-R)(TMAA)], giving [RhII(TMAA)] and R'-NH-R (amination product).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Megumu Sakaida
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Miyanishi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yuma Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Itoh
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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8
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Stroek W, Keilwerth M, Malaspina LA, Grabowsky S, Meyer K, Albrecht M. Deciphering Iron-Catalyzed C-H Amination with Organic Azides: N 2 Cleavage from a Stable Organoazide Complex. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303410. [PMID: 37916523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic C-N bond formation by direct activation of C-H bonds offers wide synthetic potential. En route to C-H amination, complexes with organic azides are critical precursors towards the reactive nitrene intermediate. Despite their relevance, α-N coordinated organoazide complexes are scarce in general, and elusive with iron, although iron complexes are by far the most active catalysts for C-H amination with organoazides. Herein, we report the synthesis of a stable iron α-N coordinated organoazide complex from [Fe(N(SiMe3 )2 )2 ] and AdN3 (Ad=1-adamantyl) and its crystallographic, IR, NMR and zero-field 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic characterization. These analyses revealed that the organoazide is in fast equilibrium between the free and coordinated state (Keq =62). Photo-crystallography experiments showed gradual dissociation of N2 , which imparted an Fe-N bond shortening and correspond to structural snapshots of the formation of an iron imido/nitrene complex. Reactivity of the organoazide complex in solution showed complete loss of N2 , and subsequent formation of a C-H aminated product via nitrene insertion into a C-H bond of the N(SiMe3 )2 ligand. Monitoring this reaction by 1 H NMR spectroscopy indicates the transient formation of the imido/nitrene intermediate, which was supported by Mössbauer spectroscopy in frozen solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wowa Stroek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Keilwerth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lorraine A Malaspina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Gerhards L, Werr M, Hübner O, Solov'yov IA, Himmel HJ. Peculiar Differences between Two Copper Complexes Containing Similar Redox-Active Ligands: Density Functional and Multiconfigurational Calculations. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:961-975. [PMID: 38157840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes featuring redox-active ligands often exhibit multiple redox states, influenced by the interplay between the metal center and the ligand. This study delves into the electronic structures of two mononuclear complexes of copper with two similar redox-active urea azine ligands. The ligands differ by the replacement of an NCH3 moiety by an S atom in the ligand backbone. Experimental analysis yields pronounced electronic structural disparities between these complexes, observable in both the solution and solid phases. Conventional quantum chemical methods, such as density functional theory using different functionals (B3LYP, TPSSh, and CAM-B3LYP), remain inadequate to rationalize the observed spectroscopic anomalies. However, a multiconfigurational approach elucidates the disparate behaviors of these complexes. Multireference perturbation theory, based on complete active space self-consistent field computations, identifies Cu(I) in the case of the complex with the NCH3 containing ligands and a state with substantial Cu(II) contributions in the case of the complex with the S atom containing ligands. In contrast, DFT indicates Cu(I) in both scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gerhards
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Marco Werr
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von OssietzkyUniversität Oldenburg, Institut Für Physik, Ammerländer Heerstreet 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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10
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Keum H, Ryoo H, Kim D, Chang S. Amidative β-Scission of Alcohols Enabled by Dual Catalysis of Photoredox Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer and Inner-Sphere Ni-Nitrenoid Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1001-1008. [PMID: 38109265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The photoredox/Ni dual catalysis is an appealing strategy to enable unconventional C-heteroatom bond formation. While significant advances have been achieved using this system, intermolecular C(sp3)-N bond formation has been relatively underdeveloped due to the difficulty in C(sp3)-N reductive elimination. Herein, we present a new mechanistic approach that utilizes dioxazolones as the Ni(II)-nitrenoid precursor to capture carbon-centered radicals by merging proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) with nickel catalysis, thus forming synthetically versatile N-alkyl amides using alcohols. Based on mechanistic investigations, the involvement of (κ2-N,O)Ni(II)-nitrenoid species was proposed to capture photoredox PCET-induced alkyl radicals, thereby playing a pivotal role to enable the C(sp3)-N bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyun Keum
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Harin Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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11
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Haaf S, Engels E, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Hexaguanidino-Triptycenes and Triphenylenes: Electronic Coupling in Molecules Containing Three Redox-Active o-Diguanidinobenzene Units Connected either Directly or Interacting Through Homoconjugation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301903. [PMID: 37815019 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel redox-active hexaguanidine molecules with multiple redox states were synthesized by connecting three o-diguanidinobenzene units. In 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexaguanidino-triptycenes, the three redox-active o-diguanidinobenzene units are connected through C-C bonds to the sp3 -hybridized bridgehead C atoms, and in 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaguanidino-triphenylenes they are directly connected. The connectivity difference leads to different electronic coupling between the three redox-active o-diguanidinobenzene units, with homoconjugation being present in the triptycene, but not in the triphenylene compounds. Motivated by the appearance of an intense low-energy electronic transition, we especially analysed the effect of homoconjugation on the electronic structure and charge delocalization in the dicationic redox state of the triptycene derivatives. Then, several trinuclear high-spin cobalt (and copper) complexes were synthesized with the triphenylene and triptycene ligands, and the magnetic coupling and redox properties analysed. By choice of the coligands (hexafluoroacetylacetonate, trifluoroacetylacetonate and acetylacetonate), oxidation could be switched between metal- and ligand-centered redox events, leading to drastic changes in the magnetic or optical properties, especially as a consequence of homoconjugation in the triptycene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Haaf
- Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliane Engels
- Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Juda CE, Casaday CE, Clarke RM, Litak NP, Campbell BM, Chang T, Zheng SL, Chen YS, Betley TA. Lewis Acid Supported Nickel Nitrenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313156. [PMID: 37830508 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Metalation of the polynucleating ligand F,tbs LH6 (1,3,5-C6 H9 (NC6 H3 -4-F-2-NSiMe2 t Bu)3 ) with two equivalents of Zn(N(SiMe3 )2 )2 affords the dinuclear product (F,tbs LH2 )Zn2 (1), which can be further deprotonated to yield (F,tbs L)Zn2 Li2 (OEt2 )4 (2). Transmetalation of 2 with NiCl2 (py)2 yields the heterometallic, trinuclear cluster (F,tbs L)Zn2 Ni(py) (3). Reduction of 3 with KC8 affords [KC222 ][(F,tbs L)Zn2 Ni] (4) which features a monovalent Ni centre. Addition of 1-adamantyl azide to 4 generates the bridging μ3 -nitrenoid adduct [K(THF)3 ][(F,tbs L)Zn2 Ni(μ3 -NAd)] (5). EPR spectroscopy reveals that the anionic cluster possesses a doublet ground state (S =1 / 2 ${{ 1/2 }}$ ). Cyclic voltammetry of 5 reveals two fully reversible redox events. The dianionic nitrenoid [K2 (THF)9 ][(F,tbs L)Zn2 Ni(μ3 -NAd)] (6) was isolated and characterized while the neutral redox isomer was observed to undergo both intra- and intermolecular H-atom abstraction processes. Ni K-edge XAS studies suggest a divalent oxidation state for the Ni centres in both the monoanionic and dianionic [Zn2 Ni] nitrenoid complexes. However, DFT analysis suggests Ni-borne oxidation for 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin E Juda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Claire E Casaday
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas P Litak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Brandon M Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tieyan Chang
- ChemMatCARS Beamline, The University of Chicago, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60429, USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS Beamline, The University of Chicago, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60429, USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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13
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Keener M, Maria L, Mazzanti M. Progress in the chemistry of molecular actinide-nitride compounds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6493-6521. [PMID: 37350843 PMCID: PMC10283502 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of actinide-nitrides has witnessed significant advances in the last ten years with a large focus on uranium and a few breakthroughs with thorium. Following the early discovery of the first terminal and bridging nitride complexes, various synthetic routes to uranium nitrides have since been identified, although the range of ligands capable of stabilizing uranium nitrides still remains scarce. In particular, both terminal- and bridging-nitrides possess attractive advantages for potential reactivity, especially in light of the recent development of uranium complexes for dinitrogen reduction and functionalization. The first molecular thorium bridged-nitride complexes have also been recently identified, anticipating the possibility of expanding nitride chemistry not only to low-valent thorium, but also to the transuranic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Leonor Maria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 2695-066 Bobadela Portugal
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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14
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Schiller C, Sieh D, Lindenmaier N, Stephan M, Junker N, Reijerse E, Granovsky AA, Burger P. Cleavage of an Aromatic C-C Bond in Ferrocene by Insertion of an Iridium Nitrido Nitrogen Atom. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11392-11401. [PMID: 37172080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The intermolecular cleavage of C-C bonds is a rare event. Herein, we report on a late transition-metal terminal nitrido complex, which upon oxidation undergoes insertion of the nitrido nitrogen atom into the aromatic C-C bond of ferrocene. This reaction path was confirmed through 15N and deuterium isotope labeling experiments of the nitrido complex and ferrocenium, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry and UV/vis spectroscopy monitoring of the reaction revealed that oxidation is the initial step, yielding the tentative radical cationic nitrido complex, which is experimentally supported by extended X and Q-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and ENDOR, UV/vis, vT 1H NMR, and vibrational spectroscopic data. Density functional theory (DFT) and multireference calculations of this highly reactive intermediate revealed an S = 1/2 ground state. The high reactivity can be traced to the increased electrophilicity in the oxidized complex. Based on high-level PNO-UCCSD(T) calculations and UV/vis kinetic measurements, it is proposed that the reaction proceeds by initial electrophilic exo attack of the nitrido nitrogen atom at the cyclopentadienyl ring and consecutive ring expansion to a pyridine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Schiller
- Institut für Angewandte und Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institut für Angewandte und Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Lindenmaier
- Institut für Angewandte und Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michel Stephan
- Institut für Angewandte und Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natascha Junker
- Institut für Angewandte und Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edward Reijerse
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion, EPR Research Group, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander A Granovsky
- Institut für Angewandte und Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Burger
- Institut für Angewandte und Anorganische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Cosio MN, Powers DC. Prospects and challenges for nitrogen-atom transfer catalysis. NATURE REVIEWS. CHEMISTRY 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00482-1. [PMID: 37117815 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of C-H bonds to C-N bonds via C-H amination promises to streamline the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. Nitrogen-group transfer (NGT) from metal nitrenes ([M]-NR complexes) has been the focus of intense research and development. By contrast, potentially complementary nitrogen-atom transfer (NAT) chemistry, in which a terminal metal nitride (an [M]-N complex) engages with a C-H bond, is underdeveloped. Although the earliest examples of stoichiometric NAT chemistry were reported 25 years ago, catalytic protocols are only now beginning to emerge. Here, we summarize the current state of the art in NAT chemistry and discuss opportunities and challenges for its development. We highlight the synthetic complementarity of NGT and NAT and discuss critical aspects of nitride electronic structure that dictate the philicity of the metal-supported nitrogen atom. We also examine the characteristic reactivity of metal nitrides and present emerging strategies and remaining obstacles to harnessing NAT for selective, catalytic nitrogenation of unfunctionalized organic small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario N Cosio
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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16
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Mahajan M, Mondal B. Origin of the Distinctive Electronic Structure of Co- and Fe-Porphyrin-Nitrene and Its Effect on Their Nitrene Transfer Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5810-5821. [PMID: 36976917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal-bound nitrene species are the crucial intermediate in catalytic nitrene transfer reactions exhibited by engineered enzymes and molecular catalysts. The electronic structure of such species and its correlation with nitrene transfer reactivity have not been fully understood yet. This work presents an in-depth electronic structure analysis and nitrene transfer reactivity of two prototypical metal-nitrene species derived from CoII(TPP) and FeII(TPP) (TPP = meso-tetraphenylporphyrin) complexes and tosyl azide nitrene precursor. Parallel to the well-known "cobalt(III)-imidyl" electronic structure of the Co-porphyrin-nitrene species, the formation mechanism and electronic structure of the elusive Fe-porphyrin-nitrene have been established using density functional theory (DFT) and multiconfigurational complete active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations. Electronic structure evolution analysis for the metal-nitrene formation step and CASSCF-derived natural orbitals advocates that the electronic nature of the metal-nitrene (M-N) core of Fe(TPP) is strikingly different from that of the Co(TPP). Specifically, the "imidyl" nature of the Co-porphyrin-nitrene [(TPP)CoIII-•NTos] (Tos = tosyl) (I1Co) is contrasted by the "imido-like" character of the Fe-porphyrin-nitrene [(TPP)FeIV[Formula: see text]NTos] (I1Fe). This difference between Co- and Fe-nitrene has been attributed to the additional interactions between Fe-dπ and N-pπ orbitals in Fe-nitrene, which is further complemented by the shortened Fe-N bond length of 1.71 Å. This stronger M-N bond in Fe-nitrene compared to the Co-nitrene is also reflected in the higher exothermicity (ΔΔH = 16 kcal/mol) of the Fe-nitrene formation step. The "imido-like" character renders a relatively lower spin population on the nitrene nitrogen (+0.42) in the Fe-nitrene complex I1Fe, which undergoes the nitrene transfer to the C═C bond of styrene with a considerably higher enthalpy barrier (ΔH‡ = 10.0 kcal/mol) compared to the Co congener I1Co (ΔH‡ = 5.6 kcal/mol) possessing a higher nitrogen spin population (+0.88) and a relatively weaker M-N bond (Co-N = 1.80 Å).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Mahajan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Bhaskar Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
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17
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Zhang M, Lin J, Song K, Chang K, Dai X, Zang Y, Zhu D. Iminyl-Radical-Mediated Formation of Covalent Au-N Bonds for Molecular Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6480-6485. [PMID: 36882381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between organic radicals and transition metals plays a crucial role in radical-mediated chemical reactions, functional devices, and biocatalysis. Characterizing such interactions, however, remains a long-standing challenge due to the inherently high reactivity of radical species. Here, using a scanning tunneling microscope breaking junction (STM-BJ) technique, we are able to detect the interaction mode between iminyl radicals and the gold surface at a single molecule level. We show that the free iminyl radicals generated through photochemical N-O bond homolysis of oxime esters react toward the gold electrode surface and produce covalent Au-N bonds. Intriguingly, we find that the Au-N bonding reactions lead to the formation of robust and highly conductive single-molecule junctions. These findings provide not only insights into the mechanism of iminyl-radical-involved reactions but also a facile photolysis method to create a new type of covalent electrode-molecule bonding contact for molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaili Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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18
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Singh R, Bains AK, Kundu A, Jain H, Yadav S, Dey D, Adhikari D. Mechanistic Elucidation of an Alcohol Oxidation Reaction Promoted by a Nickel Azophenolate Complex. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Amreen K. Bains
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Abhishek Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Harshit Jain
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Sudha Yadav
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Dhananjay Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
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19
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Redox-active ligands for chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical molecular conversions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Pang Q, Li Y, Xie X, Tang J, Liu Q, Peng C, Li X, Han B. The emerging role of radical chemistry in the amination transformation of highly strained [1.1.1]propellane: Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamine as bioisosteres of anilines. Front Chem 2022; 10:997944. [PMID: 36339044 PMCID: PMC9634170 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.997944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BPCAs), emerging as sp3-rich surrogates for aniline and its derivatives, demonstrate unique structural features and physicochemical profiles in medicinal and synthetic chemistry. In recent years, compared with conventional synthetic approaches, the rapid development of radical chemistry enables the assembly of valuable bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines scaffold directly through the amination transformation of highly strained [1.1.1]propellane. In this review, we concisely summarize the emerging role of radical chemistry in the construction of BCPAs motif, highlighting two different and powerful radical-involved strategies including C-centered and N-centered radical pathways under appropriate conditions. The future direction concerning BCPAs is also discussed at the end of this review, which aims to provide some inspiration for the research of this promising project.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiang Li
- *Correspondence: Xiang Li, ; Bo Han,
| | - Bo Han
- *Correspondence: Xiang Li, ; Bo Han,
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21
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Dunn PL, Barona M, Johnson SI, Raugei S, Bullock RM. Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from an Os II(NH 3) 2 Complex Generates an Os IV(NH 2) 2 Complex: Experimental and Computational Analysis of the N-H Bond Dissociation Free Energies and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15325-15334. [PMID: 36121917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Double hydrogen atom abstraction from (TMP)OsII(NH3)2 (TMP = tetramesitylporphyrin) with phenoxyl or nitroxyl radicals leads to (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2. This unusual bis(amide) complex is diamagnetic and displays an N-H resonance at 12.0 ppm in its 1H NMR spectrum. 1H-15N correlation experiments identified a 15N NMR spectroscopic resonance signal at -267 ppm. Experimental reactivity studies and density functional theory calculations support relatively weak N-H bonds of 73.3 kcal/mol for (TMP)OsII(NH3)2 and 74.2 kcal/mol for (TMP)OsIII(NH3)(NH2). Cyclic voltammetry experiments provide an estimate of the pKa of [(TMP)OsIII(NH3)2]+. In the presence of Barton's base, a current enhancement is observed at the Os(III/II) couple, consistent with an ECE event. Spectroscopic experiments confirmed (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 as the product of bulk electrolysis. Double hydrogen atom abstraction is influenced by π donation from the amides of (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 into the d orbitals of the Os center, favoring the formation of (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 over N-N coupling. This π donation leads to a Jahn-Teller distortion that splits the energy levels of the dxz and dyz orbitals of Os, results in a low-spin electron configuration, and leads to minimal aminyl character on the N atoms, rendering (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 unreactive toward amide-amide coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Dunn
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Melissa Barona
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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22
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Dhara S, Dey S, Panda S, Lahiri GK. On the Question of S-S Bond Cleavage of 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine on Selective Ru and Os Platforms. MLCT or Hydride or Solvent Mediated Event. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14297-14312. [PMID: 36044731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article deals with the S-S bond scission of the model substrate 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (DTDP) in the presence of a selective set of metal precursors: RuII(acac)2, [RuIICl2(PPh3)3], [RuIIHCl(CO)(PPh3)3], [RuII(H)2(CO)(PPh3)3], [RuII(bpy)2Cl2], [RuII(pap)2Cl2], [OsII(bpy)2Cl2], and [OsII(pap)2Cl2] (acac, acetylacetonate; bpy, 2,2'-bipyridine; pap, 2-phenylazopyridine). This led to the eventual formation of the corresponding mononuclear complexes containing the cleaved pyridine-2-thiolate unit in 1-4/[5]ClO4-[8]ClO4. The formation of the complexes was ascertained by their single-crystal X-ray structures, which also established sterically constrained four-membered chelate (average N1-M-S1 angle of 67.89°) originated from the in situ-generated pyridine-2-thiolate unit. Ruthenium(III)-derived one-electron paramagnetic complexes 1-2 (S = 1/2, magnetic moment/B.M. = 1.82 (1)/1.81(2)) exhibited metal-based anisotropic electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) (Δg: 1/2 = 0.64/0.93, ⟨g⟩: 1/2 = 2.173/2.189) and a broad 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signature due to the contact shift effect. The spectroelectrochemical and electronic structural aspects of the complexes were analyzed experimentally in combination with theoretical calculations of density functional theory (DFT and TD-DFT). The unperturbed feature of DTDP even in refluxing ethanol over a period of 10 h can be attributed to the active participation of the metal fragments in facilitating S-S bond cleavage in 1-4/[5]ClO4-[8]ClO4. It also revealed the following three probable pathways toward S-S bond cleavage of DTDP as a function of metal precursors: (i) the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) (RuII → σ* of DTDP)-driven metal oxidation (RuII → RuIII) process in the case of relatively electron-rich metal fragments {RuII(acac)2} or RuIICl2 in 1 or 2, respectively; (ii) metal hydride-assisted formation of 3 or 4 with the concomitant generation of H2; and (iii) S-S bond reduction with the simultaneous oxidation of the solvent benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanchaita Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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23
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Qi T, Fang N, Huang W, Chen J, Luo Y, Xia Y. Iron(II)-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reaction of Sulfoxides with N-Acyloxyamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5674-5678. [PMID: 35917256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An iron(II)-catalyzed nitrene transfer reaction of sulfoxides with N-acyloxyamides has been developed, leading to the efficient construction of N-acyl sulfoximines with high functional-group compatibility. The current catalytic transformation was carried out under an air atmosphere at ambient temperature and could be scaled up to gram scale with a catalyst loading of 1 mol %. Application of the methodology was demonstrated by facile C-H acetoxylation and olefination using the N-acyl sulfoximine as the directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ning Fang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weimin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanshu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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24
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G Jafari M, Fehn D, Reinholdt A, Hernández-Prieto C, Patel P, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Krzystek J, Liu C, Ozarowski A, Telser J, Delferro M, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. Tale of Three Molecular Nitrides: Mononuclear Vanadium (V) and (IV) Nitrides As Well As a Mixed-Valence Trivanadium Nitride Having a V 3N 4 Double-Diamond Core. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10201-10219. [PMID: 35652694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transmetallation of [VCl3(THF)3] and [TlTptBu,Me] afforded [(TptBu,Me)VCl2] (1, TptBu,Me = hydro-tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate), which was reduced with KC8 to form a C3v symmetric VII complex, [(TptBu,Me)VCl] (2). Complex 1 has a high-spin (S = 1) ground state and displays rhombic high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) spectra, while complex 2 has an S = 3/2 4A2 ground state observable by conventional EPR spectroscopy. Complex 1 reacts with NaN3 to form the VV nitride-azide complex [(TptBu,Me)V≡N(N3)] (3). A likely VIII azide intermediate en route to 3, [(TptBu,Me)VCl(N3)] (4), was isolated by reacting 1 with N3SiMe3. Complex 4 is thermally stable but reacts with NaN3 to form 3, implying a bis-azide intermediate, [(TptBu,Me)V(N3)2] (A), leading to 3. Reduction of 3 with KC8 furnishes a trinuclear and mixed-valent nitride, [{(TptBu,Me)V}2(μ4-VN4)] (5), conforming to a Robin-Day class I description. Complex 5 features a central vanadium ion supported only by bridging nitride ligands. Contrary to 1, complex 2 reacts with NaN3 to produce an azide-bridged dimer, [{(TptBu,Me)V}2(1,3-μ2-N3)2] (6), with two antiferromagnetically coupled high-spin VII ions. Complex 5 could be independently produced along with [(κ2-TptBu,Me)2V] upon photolysis of 6 in arene solvents. The putative {VIV≡N} intermediate, [(TptBu,Me)V≡N] (B), was intercepted by photolyzing 6 in a coordinating solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), yielding [(TptBu,Me)V≡N(THF)] (B-THF). In arene solvents, B-THF expels THF to afford 5 and [(κ2-TptBu,Me)2V]. A more stable adduct (B-OPPh3) was prepared by reacting B-THF with OPPh3. These adducts of B are the first neutral and mononuclear VIV nitride complexes to be isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cristina Hernández-Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Prajay Patel
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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25
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Lohmeyer L, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Solvent-Induced Redox Isomerism of Cobalt Complexes with Redox-Active Bisguanidine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8440-8454. [PMID: 35612530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Redox-isomeric coordination compounds, in which the magnetic and optical properties could be varied by a stimulated intramolecular electron transfer between the metal and a redox-active ligand, are of interest for several applications in catalysis and materials science. In this work, the redox chemistry of cobalt complexes with redox-active bisguanidine ligands is studied; systematic modifications at the redox-active bisguanidine and the co-ligand units allow for fine-tuning of the electronic structure, which eventually leads to the first observation of redox isomerism for cobalt complexes with redox-active guanidine ligands. Redox isomerism is triggered by a change in the solvent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lohmeyer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Grünwald A, Goswami B, Breitwieser K, Morgenstern B, Gimferrer M, Heinemann FW, Momper DM, Kay CWM, Munz D. Palladium Terminal Imido Complexes with Nitrene Character. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8897-8901. [PMID: 35575699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whereas triplet-nitrene complexes of the late transition metals are isolable and key intermediates in catalysis, singlet-nitrene ligands remain elusive. Herein we communicate three such palladium terminal imido complexes with singlet ground states. UV-vis-NIR electronic spectroscopy with broad bands up to 1400 nm as well as high-level computations (DFT, STEOM-CCSD, CASSCF/NEVPT2, EOS analysis) and reactivity studies suggest significant palladium(0) singlet-nitrene character. Although the aliphatic nitrene complexes proved to be too reactive for isolation in analytically pure form as a result of elimination of isobutylene, the aryl congener could be characterized by SC-XRD, elemental analysis, IR-, NMR spectroscopy, and HRMS. The complexes' distinguished ambiphilicity allows them to activate hexafluorobenzene, triphenylphosphine, and pinacol borane, catalytically dehydrogenate cyclohexene, and aminate ethylene via nitrene transfer at or below room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Grünwald
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bhupendra Goswami
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kevin Breitwieser
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dajana M Momper
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Physical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Physical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, U.K
| | - Dominik Munz
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Barluzzi L, Jori N, He T, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Oyala P, Agapie T, Mazzanti M. Heterometallic uranium/molybdenum nitride synthesis via partial N-atom transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4655-4658. [PMID: 35319046 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a terminal Mo(II) nitride with a U(III) complex yields a heterodimetallic U-Mo nitride which is the first example of a transition metal-capped uranium nitride. The nitride is triply bonded to U(V) and singly bonded to Mo(0) and supports a U-Mo interaction. This compound shows reactivity toward CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nadir Jori
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tianyi He
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Paul Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Martin PR, Buchner D, Jochmann MA, Elsner M, Haderlein SB. Two Pathways Compete in the Mn(II)-Catalyzed Oxidation of Aminotrismethylene Phosphonate (ATMP). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4091-4100. [PMID: 35294177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mn(II)-catalyzed oxidation by molecular oxygen is considered a relevant process for the environmental fate of aminopolyphosphonate chelating agents such as aminotrismethylene phosphonate (ATMP). However, the potential roles of Mn(III)ATMP-species in the underlying transformation mechanisms are not fully understood. We combined kinetic studies, compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis, and equilibrium speciation modeling to shed light on the significance of such Mn-ATMP species for the overall ATMP oxidation by molecular oxygen. The fraction of ATMP complexed with Mn(II) inversely correlated with both (i) the Mn(II)-normalized transformation rate constants of ATMP and (ii) the observed carbon isotope enrichment factors (εc-values). These findings provide evidence for two parallel ATMP transformation pathways exhibiting distinctly different reaction kinetics and carbon isotope fractionation: (i) oxidation of ATMP present in Mn(III)ATMP complexes (εc ≈ -10 ‰) and (ii) oxidation of free ATMP by such Mn(III)ATMP species (εc ≈ -1 ‰) in a catalytic cycle. The higher reaction rate of the latter pathway implies that aminopolyphosphonates can be trapped in catalytic Mn-complexes before being transformed and suggests that Mn(III)ATMP might be a potent oxidant also for other reducible solutes in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R Martin
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Buchner
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Lu D, Li Y, Wang P, Wang Z, Yang D, Gong Y. Cu-Catalyzed C (sp3)–N Coupling and Alkene Carboamination Enabled by Ligand-Promoted Selective Hydrazine Transfer to Alkyl Radicals. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yadong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Daoyi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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30
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Hsueh FC, Barluzzi L, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Reactivity of Multimetallic Thorium Nitrides Generated by Reduction of Thorium Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3222-3232. [PMID: 35138846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thorium nitrides are likely intermediates in the reported cleavage and functionalization of dinitrogen by molecular thorium complexes and are attractive compounds for the study of multiple bond formation in f-element chemistry, but only one example of thorium nitride isolable from solution was reported. Here, we show that stable multimetallic azide/nitride thorium complexes can be generated by reduction of thorium azide precursors─a route that has failed so far to produce Th nitrides. Once isolated, the thorium azide/nitride clusters, M3Th═N═Th (M = K or Cs), are stable in solutions probably due to the presence of alkali ions capping the nitride, but their synthesis requires a careful control of the reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, nature of precursor, and alkali ion). The nature of the cation plays an important role in generating a nitride product and results in large structural differences with a bent Th═N═Th moiety found in the K-bound nitride as a result of a strong K-nitride interaction and a linear arrangement in the Cs-bound nitride. Reactivity studies demonstrated the ability of Th nitrides to cleave CO in ambient conditions yielding CN-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Barluzzi
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Chatterjee S, Harden I, Bistoni G, Castillo RG, Chabbra S, van Gastel M, Schnegg A, Bill E, Birrell JA, Morandi B, Neese F, DeBeer S. A Combined Spectroscopic and Computational Study on the Mechanism of Iron-Catalyzed Aminofunctionalization of Olefins Using Hydroxylamine Derived N-O Reagent as the "Amino" Source and "Oxidant". J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2637-2656. [PMID: 35119853 PMCID: PMC8855425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we study
the mechanism of iron-catalyzed direct synthesis
of unprotected aminoethers from olefins by a hydroxyl amine derived
reagent using a wide range of analytical and spectroscopic techniques
(Mössbauer, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Ultra-Violet Visible
Spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption, Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy,
and resonance Raman) along with high-level quantum chemical calculations.
The hydroxyl amine derived triflic acid salt acts as the “oxidant”
as well as “amino” group donor. It activates the high-spin
Fe(II) (St = 2) catalyst [Fe(acac)2(H2O)2] (1) to generate
a high-spin (St = 5/2) intermediate (Int I), which decays to a second intermediate (Int II) with St = 2. The analysis of spectroscopic
and computational data leads to the formulation of Int I as [Fe(III)(acac)2-N-acyloxy] (an alkyl-peroxo-Fe(III)
analogue). Furthermore, Int II is formed by N–O
bond homolysis. However, it does not generate a high-valent
Fe(IV)(NH) species (a Fe(IV)(O) analogue), but instead a high-spin
Fe(III) center which is strongly antiferromagnetically coupled (J = −524 cm–1) to an iminyl radical,
[Fe(III)(acac)2-NH·], giving St = 2. Though Fe(NH) complexes as isoelectronic surrogates
to Fe(O) functionalities are known, detection of a high-spin Fe(III)-N-acyloxy intermediate (Int I), which undergoes
N–O bond cleavage to generate the active iron–nitrogen
intermediate (Int II), is unprecedented. Relative to
Fe(IV)(O) centers, Int II features a weak elongated Fe–N
bond which, together with the unpaired electron density along the
Fe–N bond vector, helps to rationalize its propensity for N-transfer reactions onto styrenyl olefins, resulting in
the overall formation of aminoethers. This study thus demonstrates
the potential of utilizing the iron-coordinated nitrogen-centered
radicals as powerful reactive intermediates in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ingolf Harden
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rebeca G Castillo
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sonia Chabbra
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - James A Birrell
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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32
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Barona M, Johnson SI, Mbea M, Bullock RM, Raugei S. Computational Investigations of the Reactivity of Metalloporphyrins for Ammonia Oxidation. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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33
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Zhao X, Yang F, Zou SY, Zhou QQ, Chen ZS, Ji K. Cu-Catalyzed Intermolecular γ-Site C–H Amination of Cyclohexenone Derivatives: The Benefit of Bifunctional Ligands. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yu Zou
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Sheng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Kegong Ji
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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34
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Role of a Redox-Active Ligand Close to a Dinuclear Activating Framework. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2022_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Bleher K, Comba P, Gross JH, Josephy T. ESI and tandem MS for mechanistic studies with high-valent transition metal species. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8625-8639. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of high-valent metal species has been in the focus of research for over 20 years. Mass spectrometry (MS) represents a technique routinely used for their characterization, in particular...
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36
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Yang PC, Yu KP, Hsieh CT, Zou J, Fang CT, Liu HK, Pao CW, Deng L, Cheng MJ, Lin CY. Stabilization of a high-spin three-coordinate Fe(III) imidyl complex by radical delocalization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9637-9643. [PMID: 36091897 PMCID: PMC9400638 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02699f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-spin, late transition metal imido complexes have attracted significant interest due to their group transfer reactivity and catalytic C−H activation of organic substrates. Reaction of a new two-coordinate iron complex,...
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Po Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Junjie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Chia-Te Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Kuan Liu
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan 701014 Taiwan
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37
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Lahiri GK, Panda S, Huang KW, Singh A, Dey S. Inner-sphere electron transfer at the ruthenium-azo interface. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2547-2559. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03934b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes exhibiting multiple reversible redox states have drawn continuing research interest due to their electron reservoir features. In this context, the present article described ruthenium-acac complexes (acac=acetylacetonate) incorporating redox-active...
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38
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Bonnin Q, Edlová T, Sosa Carrizo ED, Fleurat-Lessard P, Brandès S, Cattey H, Richard P, Le Gendre P, Normand AT. Coordinatively Unsaturated Amidotitanocene Cations with Inverted σ and π Bond Strengths: Controlled Release of Aminyl Radicals and Hydrogenation/Dehydrogenation Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:18175-18187. [PMID: 34669988 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cationic amidotitanocene complexes [Cp2 Ti(NPhAr)][B(C6 F5 )4 ] (Cp=η5 -C5 H5 ; Ar=phenyl (1 a), p-tolyl (1 b), p-anisyl (1 c)) were isolated. The bonding situation was studied by DFT (Density Functional Theory) using EDA-NOCV (Energy Decomposition Analysis with Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence). The polar Ti-N bond in 1 a-c features an unusual inversion of σ and π bond strengths responsible for the balance between stability and reactivity in these coordinatively unsaturated species. In solution, 1 a-c undergo photolytic Ti-N cleavage to release Ti(III) species and aminyl radicals ⋅NPhAr. Reaction of 1 b with H3 BNHMe2 results in fast homolytic Ti-N cleavage to give [Cp2 Ti(H3 BNHMe2 )][B(C6 F5 )4 ] (3). 1 a-c are highly active precatalysts in olefin hydrogenation and silanes/amines cross-dehydrogenative coupling, whilst 3 efficiently catalyzes amine-borane dehydrogenation. The mechanism of olefin hydrogenation was studied by DFT and the cooperative H2 activation key step was disclosed using the Activation Strain Model (ASM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Bonnin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Tereza Edlová
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - E Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Cattey
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Richard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Adrien T Normand
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de L'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000, Dijon, France
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Van Trieste GP, Reid KA, Hicks MH, Das A, Figgins MT, Bhuvanesh N, Ozarowski A, Telser J, Powers DC. Nitrene Photochemistry of Manganese
N
‐Haloamides**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaleb A. Reid
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Madeline H. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Matthew T. Figgins
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Chemical Sciences Roosevelt University Chicago IL 60605 USA
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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40
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Singh A, Dey S, Panda S, Lahiri GK. Radical versus Nonradical States of Azobis(benzothiazole) as a Function of Ancillary Ligands on Selective Ruthenium Platforms. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18260-18269. [PMID: 34762800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The paper deals with the electronic impact of ancillary ligands on the varying redox features of azobis(benzothiazole) (abbt) in the newly introduced mononuclear ruthenium complexes [Ru(pap)2(abbt)]n (1n) and [Ru(bpy)2(abbt)]n (2n), where pap = 2-phenylazopyridine and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine. In this regard, the complexes [RuII(pap)2(abbt•-)]ClO4 ([1]ClO4), [RuII(pap)2(abbt0)](ClO4)2 ([1](ClO4)2), [RuII(bpy)2(abbt0)](ClO4)2 ([2](ClO4)2), and [RuII(bpy)2(abbt•-)]ClO4 ([2]ClO4) were structurally and spectroscopically characterized. Unambiguous assignments of the aforestated radical and nonradical forms of abbt in 1+/2+ and 12+/22+, respectively, were made primarily based on their redox-sensitive azo (N═N) bond distances as well as by their characteristic electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)/NMR signatures. Although the radical form of abbt•- was isolated as an exclusive product in the case of strongly π-acidic pap-derived 1+, the corresponding moderately π-acidic bpy ancillary ligand primarily delivered an oxidized form of abbt0 in 22+, along with the radical form in 2+ as a minor (<10%) component. The oxidized abbt0-derived [1](ClO4)2 was, however, obtained via the chemical oxidation of [1]ClO4. Both 1+ and 22+ displayed multiple closed by reversible redox processes (one oxidation O1 and four successive reductions R1-R4) within the potential window of ±2.0 V versus saturated calomel electrode. The involvement of metal-, ligand-, or metal/ligand-based frontier molecular orbitals along the redox chain was assigned based on the combined experimental (structure, EPR, and spectroelectrochemisry) and theoretical [density functional theory (DFT): molecular orbitals, Mulliken spin densities/time-dependent DFT] investigations. It revealed primarily ligand (abbt/pap or bpy)-based redox activities, keeping the metal ion as a simple spectator. Moreover, frontier molecular orbital analysis corroborated the initial isolation of the radical and nonradical species for the pap-derived 1+ and bpy-derived 22+ as well as facile reduction of pap and abbt in 1+ and 2+, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanchaita Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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41
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Panda S, Baliyan R, Dhara S, Huang KW, Lahiri GK. Redox induced oxidative C-C coupling of non-innocent bis(heterocyclo)methanides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16647-16659. [PMID: 34755157 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Redox driven C-C bond formation has gained recent attention over the traditional sequence of oxidative addition, insertion and reductive elimination reactions. In this regard, the transient radical mediated diverse reactivity profile of bis(heterocyclo)methanes (H-BHM: HL1-HL4) has been demonstrated as a function of varying metal ions and ligand backbones. It highlighted the following events: (a) redox induced homocoupling of deprotonated HL1 and HL4 on coordination to M(OAc)2 precursors (M = CuII, ZnII, PdII, AgI), including the effective role of molecular oxygen in the transformation process; (b) steric inhibition of C-C coupling of HL1 or HL4 on inserting the substituent at the bridged methylene centre (Ph in HL2 or CH3 in HL3); (c) competitive C-C coupling versus oxygenation of free HL1 with varying concentrations of PdII(OAc)2 as the ease of oxygenation over dimerisation of the deprotonated HL1 was corroborated by the DFT calculated lower activation barrier and greater thermodynamic stability of the former; and (d) redox non-innocence of BHMs on a coordinatively inert ruthenium platform, which in turn favored the involvement of a radical pathway for the aforestated coupling or oxygenation process. A combined structural, spectroscopic and DFT calculated transition state analysis demonstrated the mechanistic outline for the metal assisted oxidative coupling of BHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, 400076, India. .,KAUST Catalysis Centre and Division of Chemical and Life Sciences and Engineering, KAUST, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupal Baliyan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, 400076, India.
| | - Suman Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, 400076, India.
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Centre and Division of Chemical and Life Sciences and Engineering, KAUST, Saudi Arabia
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, 400076, India.
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42
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Sugimoto H, Yano M, Sato K, Miyanishi M, Sugisaki K, Shiota Y, Kaga A, Yoshizawa K, Itoh S. Tin(II)-Nitrene Radical Complexes Formed by Electron Transfer from Redox-Active Ligand to Organic Azides and Their Reactivity in C(sp 3)-H Activation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18603-18607. [PMID: 34779619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A tin(II) complex coordinated by a sterically demanding o-phenylenediamido ligand is synthesized. The ligand is redox-active to reach a tin(II) complex with the diiminobenzosemiquinone radial anion in the oxidation by AgPF6. The tin(II) complex reacts with a series of nosylazides (x-NO2C6H4-SO2-N3; x = o, m, or p) at -30 °C to yield the corresponding nitrene radical bound tin(II) complexes. The nitrene radical complexes exhibit C(sp3)-H activation and amination reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sugimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayuka Yano
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi, Osaka, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Mayuko Miyanishi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sumiyoshi, Osaka, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Kaga
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinobu Itoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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43
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Wei K, Liang S, Yang T, Yu W. Iron-Catalyzed 1,4-Phenyl Migration/Ring Expansion of α-Azido N-Phenyl Amides. Org Lett 2021; 23:8650-8654. [PMID: 34677981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel iron-catalyzed skeleton rearrangement of alkyl azides. Upon treatment with FeCl2 and N-heterocyclic carbene SIPr·HCl in the presence of H2O and Et3N, 2-azido-N,N-diphenylamides underwent 1,4-phenyl migration and ring expansion to give azepin-2-ones in good yield. The reaction proceeds via intramolecular nitrene cycloaddition followed by C-N cleavage, water addition, and electrocyclic ring opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tonghao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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44
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Van Trieste GP, Reid KA, Hicks MH, Das A, Figgins MT, Bhuvanesh N, Ozarowski A, Telser J, Powers DC. Nitrene Photochemistry of Manganese N-Haloamides*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26647-26655. [PMID: 34662473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Manganese complexes supported by macrocyclic tetrapyrrole ligands represent an important platform for nitrene transfer catalysis and have been applied to both C-H amination and olefin aziridination catalysis. The reactivity of the transient high-valent Mn nitrenoids that mediate these processes renders characterization of these species challenging. Here we report the synthesis and nitrene transfer photochemistry of a family of MnIII N-haloamide complexes. The S=2 N-haloamide complexes are characterized by 1 H NMR, UV-vis, IR, high-frequency and -field EPR (HFEPR) spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Photolysis of these complexes results in the formal transfer of a nitrene equivalent to both C-H bonds, such as the α-C-H bonds of tetrahydrofuran, and olefinic substrates, such as styrene, to afford aminated and aziridinated products, respectively. Low-temperature spectroscopy and analysis of kinetic isotope effects for C-H amination indicate halogen-dependent photoreactivity: Photolysis of N-chloroamides proceeds via initial cleavage of the Mn-N bond to generate MnII and amidyl radical intermediates; in contrast, photolysis of N-iodoamides proceeds via N-I cleavage to generate a MnIV nitrenoid (i.e., {MnNR}7 species). These results establish N-haloamide ligands as viable precursors in the photosynthesis of metal nitrenes and highlight the power of ligand design to provide access to reactive intermediates in group-transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaleb A Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madeline H Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Matthew T Figgins
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Chemical Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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45
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Werr M, Kaifer E, Enders M, Asyuda A, Zharnikov M, Himmel H. Synthese eines Kupfer(I)‐Komplexes mit zwei ungepaarten Elektronen durch Oxidation eines Kupfer(II)‐Komplexes mit zwei redoxaktiven Liganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Werr
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Markus Enders
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Andika Asyuda
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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46
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Werr M, Kaifer E, Enders M, Asyuda A, Zharnikov M, Himmel H. A Copper(I) Complex with Two Unpaired Electrons, Synthesised by Oxidation of a Copper(II) Complex with Two Redox-Active Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23451-23462. [PMID: 34423532 PMCID: PMC8596453 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two homoleptic copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)2 ] and [Cu(L2)2 ] with anionic redox-active ligands were synthesised, one with urea azine (L1) and the other with thio-urea azine (L2) ligands. One-electron oxidation of the complexes initiates an unprecedented redox-induced electron transfer process, leading to monocationic copper(I) complexes [Cu(L1)2 ]+ and [Cu(L2)2 ]+ with two oxidised ligands. While [Cu(L1)2 ]+ is best described as a CuI complex with two neutral radical ligands that couple antiferromagnetically, [Cu(L2)2 ]+ is a CuI complex with two clearly different ligand units in the solid state and with a magnetic susceptibility close to a diamagnetic compound. Further one-electron oxidation of the complex with L1 ligands results in a dication [Cu(L1)2 ]2+ , best described as a CuI complex with a twofold oxidised, monocationic ligand and a neutral radical ligand. The stability in at least three redox states, the accumulation of spin density at the ligands and the facile ligand-metal electron transfer make these complexes highly attractive for a variety of applications; here the catalytic aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes is tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Werr
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Markus Enders
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andika Asyuda
- Angewandte Physikalische ChemieRuprecht-Karls Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 25369120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische ChemieRuprecht-Karls Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 25369120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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47
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You T, Zeng SH, Fan J, Wu L, Kang F, Liu Y, Che CM. A soluble iron(II)-phthalocyanine-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp 3)-H amination with alkyl azides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10711-10714. [PMID: 34553711 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04573c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a soluble iron(II)-phthalocyanine, [FeII(tBu4Pc)(py)2] (Pc = phthalocyaninato(2-)), as an effective catalyst in intramolecular C(sp3)-H bond amination, with alkyl azides as the nitrogen source, to afford the amination products in moderate to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Si-Hao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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48
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Dhara S, Panda S, Lahiri GK. Redox induced S-S bond cleavage of 2,2'-dithiobisbenzothiazole - leading to a [2Ru-2S] core analogous to [2Fe-2S] cluster. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12408-12412. [PMID: 34378605 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Facile reduction of 2,2'-dithiobisbenzothiazole by the mediation of metal-to-ligand charge transfer or by internal reducing equivalent is demonstrated. It leads to various binding modes of thiolates (κ1, κ2, μ) in a series of mononuclear and dinuclear ruthenium complexes. The dinuclear complex exhibited electron transfer processes similar to a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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49
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van Leest N, de Zwart FJ, Zhou M, de Bruin B. Controlling Radical-Type Single-Electron Elementary Steps in Catalysis with Redox-Active Ligands and Substrates. JACS AU 2021; 1:1101-1115. [PMID: 34467352 PMCID: PMC8385710 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in (spectroscopic) characterization of the unusual electronic structures of open-shell cobalt complexes bearing redox-active ligands, combined with detailed mapping of their reactivity, have uncovered several new catalytic radical-type protocols that make efficient use of the synergistic properties of redox-active ligands, redox-active substrates, and the metal to which they coordinate. In this perspective, we discuss the tools available to study, induce, and control catalytic radical-type reactions with redox-active ligands and/or substrates, contemplating recent developments in the field, including some noteworthy tools, methods, and reactions developed in our own group. The main topics covered are (i) tools to characterize redox-active ligands; (ii) novel synthetic applications of catalytic reactions that make use of redox-active carbene and nitrene substrates at open-shell cobalt-porphyrins; (iii) development of catalytic reactions that take advantage of purely ligand- and substrate-based redox processes, coupled to cobalt-centered spin-changing events in a synergistic manner; and (iv) utilization of redox-active ligands to influence the spin state of the metal. Redox-active ligands have emerged as useful tools to generate and control reactive metal-coordinated radicals, which give access to new synthetic methodologies and intricate (electronic) structures, some of which are yet to be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas
P. van Leest
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Reckziegel A, Kour M, Battistella B, Mebs S, Beuthert K, Berger R, Werncke CG. High-Spin Imido Cobalt Complexes with Imidyl Radical Character*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15376-15380. [PMID: 33977634 PMCID: PMC8362137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of a variety of trigonal imido cobalt complexes [Co(NAryl)L2 ]- , (L=N(Dipp)SiMe3 ), Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with very long Co-NAryl bonds of around 1.75 Å. Their electronic structure was interrogated using a variety of physical and spectroscopic methods such as EPR or X-Ray absorption spectroscopy which leads to their description as highly unusual imidyl cobalt complexes. Computational analyses corroborate these findings and further reveal that the high-spin state is responsible for the imidyl character. Exchange of the Dipp substituent on the imide by the smaller mesityl function (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) effectuates the unexpected Me3 Si shift from the ancillary ligand set to the imidyl nitrogen, revealing a highly reactive, nucleophilic character of the imidyl unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reckziegel
- Department of ChemistryPhilipps-University MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Manjinder Kour
- Department of ChemistryPhilipps-University MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Beatrice Battistella
- Institute of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität zu BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Katrin Beuthert
- Department of ChemistryPhilipps-University MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Robert Berger
- Department of ChemistryPhilipps-University MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Department of ChemistryPhilipps-University MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
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