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Chen PC, Gao M, Yu S, Jin J, Song C, Salmeron M, Scott MC, Yang P. Revealing the Phase Separation Behavior of Thermodynamically Immiscible Elements in a Nanoparticle. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6684-6689. [PMID: 34283612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phase-separation is commonly observed in multimetallic nanomaterials, yet it is not well understood how immiscible elements distribute in a thermodynamically stable nanoparticle. Herein, we studied the phase-separation of Au and Rh in nanoparticles using electron microscopy and tomography techniques. The nanoparticles were thermally annealed to form thermodynamically stable structures. HAADF-STEM and EDS characterizations reveal that Au and Rh segregate into two domains while their miscibility is increased. Using aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM and atomic electron tomography, we show that the increased solubility of Au in Rh is achieved by forming Au clusters and single atoms inside the Rh domains and on the Rh surface. Furthermore, based on the three-dimensional reconstruction of a AuRh nanoparticle, we can visualize the uneven interface that is embedded in the nanoparticle. The results advance our understanding on the nanoscale thermodynamic behavior of metal mixtures, which is crucial for the optimization of multimetallic nanostructures for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Chen
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sunmoon Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jianbo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chengyu Song
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mary C Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peidong Yang
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Lantz KA, Sarkar A, Littrell KC, Li T, Hong K, Stefik M. Cavitation Enables Switchable and Rapid Block Polymer Exchange under High-χN Conditions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A. Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | | | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37934, United States
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37934, United States
| | - Morgan Stefik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Seidenstücker A, Beirle S, Enderle F, Ziemann P, Marti O, Plettl A. Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1390-1398. [PMID: 29977673 PMCID: PMC6009373 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new route will be presented for an all-parallel fabrication of highly flexible, freestanding membranes with well-defined porosity. This fabrication is based on arrays of well-defined Au nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting a high degree of hexagonal order as obtained in a first step by a proven micellar approach. These NP arrays serve as masks in a second reactive ion etching (RIE) step optimized for etching Si and some important Si compounds (silicon oxide, silicon nitride) on the nanoscale. Application to commercially available silicon nitride membranes of well-defined thickness, delivers a diaphragm with millions of nanopores of intended and controlled size, shape, and areal density with narrow distributions of these parameters. Electrophoretic transport measurements indicated a very low flow resistance of these porous membranes in ionic solutions as expected theoretically. Size-selective separation of protein molecules was demonstrated by real-time fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Seidenstücker
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Beirle
- Institute for Applied Materials, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabian Enderle
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Ziemann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Othmar Marti
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alfred Plettl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Huang H, Zhong B, Zu X, Luo H, Lin W, Zhang M, Zhong Y, Yi G. Fabrication of Ordered Nanopattern by using ABC Triblock Copolymer with Salt in Toluene. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:491. [PMID: 28812244 PMCID: PMC5557723 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ordered nanopatterns of triblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block- poly (ethylene oxide)(PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO) have been achieved by the addition of lithium chloride (LiCl). The morphological and structural evolution of PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO/LiCl thin films were systematically investigated by varying different experimental parameters, including the treatment for polymer solution after the addition of LiCl, the time scale of ultrasonic treatment and the molar ratio of Li+ ions to the total number of oxygen atoms (O) in PEO block and the nitrogen atoms (N) in P2VP block. When toluene was used as the solvent for LiCl, ordered nanopattern with cylinders or nanostripes could be obtained after spin-coating. The mechanism of nanopattern transformation was related to the loading of LiCl in different microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Benbin Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihong Zu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongsheng Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Gong Y, Li Y, He Y, Wang L, Huang H, He T. Solvent-Vapor-Induced Rapid Assembly of Block-Copolymer Film via Prevacuumizing. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Gong
- School of Textile and Material Engineering; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 P. R. China
| | - Yuhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yingxin He
- School of Textile and Material Engineering; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 P. R. China
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Haiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Tianbai He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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