1
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Khazeber R, Kana GS, Sureshan KM. Massive Molecular Motion in Crystal Leads to an Unexpected Helical Covalent Polymer in a Solid-state Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316513. [PMID: 38224551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We designed a proline-derived monomer with azide and alkene functional groups to enable topochemical ene-azide cycloaddition (TEAC) polymerization. In its crystal, the monomer forms supramolecular helices along the 'a' axis through various non-covalent interactions. Along the 'c' axis, the molecules arrange themselves head-to-tail in a wave-like pattern, positioning the azide and alkene groups of adjacent molecules in close proximity and anti-parallel orientation, complying with Schmidt's criteria for topochemical reaction. This prearranged configuration was expected to facilitate smooth topochemical polymerization, resulting in a 1,4-triazoline-linked polymer. Upon heating, the monomer underwent TEAC polymerization in a remarkable single-crystal-to-single-crystal fashion, but, to our surprise, it yielded an unexpected covalent helical polymer linked by 1,5-disubstituted triazoline units. Remarkably, the crystal avoids the ready-to-react arrangement for polymerization, but connects monomer molecules within the supramolecular helix through the cycloaddition of azide and alkene groups, even though they are not in close proximity nor in the expected orientation. This unexpected path, involving a substantial 134° rotation of the alkene group, yields hitherto unknown 1,5-disubstituted triazoline product regiospecifically. This study serves as a cautionary reminder that relying solely on topochemical postulates for predicting reactivity can sometimes be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Khazeber
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Gautham S Kana
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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2
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Wang M, Jin Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y. Single-crystal polymers (SCPs): from 1D to 3D architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8165-8193. [PMID: 37929665 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00553d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal polymers (SCPs) with unambiguous chemical structures at atomic-level resolutions have attracted great attention. Obtaining precise structural information of these materials is critical as it enables a deeper understanding of the potential driving forces for specific packing and long-range order, secondary interactions, and kinetic and thermodynamic factors. Such information can ultimately lead to success in controlling the synthesis or engineering of their crystal structures for targeted applications, which could have far-reaching impact. Successful synthesis of SCPs with atomic level control of the structures, especially for those with 2D and 3D architectures, is rare. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis of SCPs, including 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures. Solution synthesis, topochemical synthesis, and extreme condition synthesis are summarized and compared. Around 70 examples of SCPs with unambiguous structure information are presented, and their synthesis methods and structural analysis are discussed. This review offers critical insights into the structure-property relationships, providing guidance for the future rational design and bottom-up synthesis of a variety of highly ordered polymers with unprecedented functions and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsen Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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3
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Itoh T, Kondo F, Suzuki T, Inayoshi K, Uno T, Kubo M, Tohnai N, Miyata M. Elucidation of Substituent-Responsive Reactivities via Hierarchical and Asymmetric Assemblies in Crystalline p-Quinodimethane Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301327. [PMID: 37439484 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a mechanism for substituent-responsive reactivities of p-quinodimethane derivatives with four ester groups through their hierarchical and asymmetric assembly modes. Four asymmetric 7,8,8-tris(methoxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethanes with a 7-positioned ethoxycarbonyl (2 a(H)), 2'-fluoroethoxycarbonyl (2 b(F)), 2'-chloroethoxycarbonyl (2 c(Cl)), or 2'-bromoethoxycarbonyl (2 d(Br)) were synthesized and crystallized. 2 a(H), 2 b(F) and 2 d(Br) afforded only one shape crystal, while 2 c(Cl) did two polymorphic 2 c(Cl)-α and 2 c(Cl)-β. UV-irradiation induced topochemical polymerization for 2 a(H), no reactions for 2 b(F) and 2 c(Cl)-α, and [6+6] photocycloaddition dimerization for 2 c(Cl)-β and 2 d(Br). Such substituent-responsive reactivities and crystal structures were compared with those of the known symmetric 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(alkoxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethanes such as 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(methoxycarbonyl)- (1 a(Me)-α and 1 a(Me)-β), 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(ethoxycarbonyl)- (1 b(Et)), and 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(bromoethoxycarbonyl)- (1 c(BrEt)). The comparative study clarified that the reactivities and crystal structures are classified into four types that link to each other. This linkage is understandable when we analyze the crystal structures through the following hierarchical and asymmetric assemblies; conformers, dimers, one dimensional (1D)-columns, two dimensional (2D)-sheets, and three dimensional (3D)-stacked sheets (3D-crystals). This supramolecular viewpoint is supported by intermolecular interaction energies among neighbored molecules with the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Such research enables us to elucidate the substituent-responsive reactivities of the crystals, and reminds us of the selection of the right path in a so-called "maze game".
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Itoh
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kondo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kohji Inayoshi
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uno
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Kubo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikiji Miyata
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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4
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Pathan JR, Bhandary S, Sureshan KM. Two Structurally Different Polymers from a Single Monomer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22633-22638. [PMID: 37788217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a malonamide-derived monomer, containing azide and alkyne units, for topochemical polymerization to yield nylon (n,3). This monomer on crystallization gave two concomitant polymorphs M1 and M2. Both the polymorphs show crystal packings that are suitable for topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition polymerization. On heating, polymorph M1 reacts regiospecifically to give 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolyl-linked polymer, whereas polymorph M2 yields 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolyl-linked polymer regiospecifically. In the case of polymorph M1, polymerization proceeds perpendicular to the hydrogen bonding direction, whereas in M2, the reaction occurs along the hydrogen bonding direction. This results in the two structurally different polymers having distinct topologies. These single-crystal-to-single-crystal polymerizations allowed us to study their structure at atomic resolution by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This is the first report on the topochemical synthesis of two structurally isomeric polymers from a single monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed R Pathan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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5
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Raju C, Kunnikuruvan S, Sureshan KM. Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction between an Azide and an Internal Alkyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210453. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cijil Raju
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Kerala-695551 India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram Kerala-695551 India
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6
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Zhang J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wei Q, Han F, Dong S, Liu D, Zhang S. Small-molecule ionic liquid-based adhesive with strong room-temperature adhesion promoted by electrostatic interaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5214. [PMID: 36064871 PMCID: PMC9445047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight adhesives (LMWAs) possess many unique features compared to polymer adhesives. However, fabricating LMWAs with adhesion strengths higher than those of polymeric materials is a significant challenge, mainly because of the relatively weak and unbalanced cohesion and interfacial adhesion. Herein, an ionic liquid (IL)-based adhesive with high adhesion strength is demonstrated by introducing an IL moiety into a Y-shaped molecule replete with hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactions. The IL moieties not only destroyed the rigid and ordered H-bonding networks, releasing more free groups to form hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) at the substrate/adhesive interface, but also provided electrostatic interactions that improved the cohesion energy. The synthesized IL-based adhesive, Tri-HT, could directly form thin coatings on various substrates, with high adhesion strengths of up to 12.20 MPa. Advanced adhesives with electrical conductivity, self-healing behavior, and electrically-controlled adhesion could also be fabricated by combining Tri-HT with carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Shiguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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7
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Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction between an Azide and an Internal Alkyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Itoh T, Suzuki T, Kondo F, Suzuki T, Uno T, Kubo M, Tohnai N, Sanda F, Miyata M. Preservation of the Conformational Structures of Single-Polymer Crystals in Solution. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Itoh
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kondo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uno
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Kubo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Mikiji Miyata
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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9
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Bhandary S, Pathigoolla A, Madhusudhanan MC, Sureshan KM. Azide–Alkyne Interactions: A Crucial Attractive Force for Their Preorganization for Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200820. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Atchutarao Pathigoolla
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mithun C. Madhusudhanan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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10
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Seoane GA, Daher GM. Readily accessible azido-alkyne-functionalized monomers for the synthesis of cyclodextrin analogues using click chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1690-1698. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A set of linear and cyclic oligomers were synthesized starting from a suitable azido-alkyne monomer through click oligomerization. The synthesis of these monomers starting from bromobenzene features an enzymatic dihydroxylation...
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11
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Botes DS, Khorasani S, Levendis DC, Fernandes MA. Accessing a regiospecific isomer and a metastable polymorph through crystal engineering and solid-state reaction. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a solid-state Diels–Alder reaction where crystal engineering was used to design a reaction site yielding one regioisomer. Reaction was followed with SCXRD, compared to solution synthesis and rationalised using computational modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delbert S. Botes
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sanaz Khorasani
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Demetrius C. Levendis
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Manuel A. Fernandes
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Azide⋅⋅⋅Oxygen Interaction: A Crystal Engineering Tool for Conformational Locking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Sureshan KM, Madhusudhanan MC, Balan H, Werz DB. Azide···Oxygen Interaction: A Crystal Engineering Tool for Conformational Locking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22797-22803. [PMID: 34399025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have designed, synthesized and crystallized 36 compounds, each containing an azide group and an oxygen atom separated by three bonds. Crystal structure analysis revealed that each of these molecules adopts a conformation in which the azide and oxygen groups orient syn to each other with a short O ··· N b contact. Geometry-optimized structures [using M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) level of theory ] also showed the syn conformation in all 36 of these cases, suggesting that this not merely a crystal packing effect. Quantum topological analysis using Bader's Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory revealed bond paths and bond critical points (BCP) in these structures suggesting its nature and energetics to be similar to weak hydrogen bonding. The NCI-RDG plot clearly revealed the attractive interaction consisting of electrostatic or dispersive components in all the 36 systems. NBO analysis suggested a weak orbital-relaxation (charge-transfer) contribution of energy for a few (sp2) O-donor systems. Natural population analysis (NPA) and molecular electrostatic potential mapping (MESP) of these crystal structures further revealed the existence of favorable azide-oxygen interaction. A CSD search indicated the frequent and consistent occurrence of this interaction and its role dictating the syn conformation of azide and oxygen in molecules where these groups are separated by 2-4 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana M Sureshan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Chemistry, Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, 695551, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Mithun C Madhusudhanan
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram, School of Chemistry, Maruthamala, Vithura, 795551, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Haripriya Balan
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram, School of Chemistry, Maruthamala, Vithura, 695551, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Daniel B Werz
- TU Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Institute fur Organic Chemie, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, GERMANY
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into two categories: Carbohydrates as matter and carbohydrates as information. As matter, carbohydrates are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix of animals and cell walls of various plants, bacteria, fungi, etc., serving as scaffolds. Some commonly found polysaccharides are featured as biocompatible materials with controllable rigidity and functionality, forming polymeric biomaterials which are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. As information, carbohydrates are usually referred to the glycans from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, which bind to proteins or other carbohydrates, thereby meditating the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These glycans could be simplified as synthetic glycopolymers, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, which could be afforded through polymerization, multistep synthesis, or a semisynthetic strategy. The information role of carbohydrates can be demonstrated not only as targeting reagents but also as immune antigens and adjuvants. The latter are also included in this review as they are always in a macromolecular formulation. In this review, we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials since 2010 while emphasizing the fundamental understanding to guide the rational design of biomaterials. Carbohydrate-based macromolecules on the basis of their resources and chemical structures will be discussed, including naturally occurring polysaccharides, naturally derived synthetic polysaccharides, glycopolymers/glycodendrimers, supramolecular glycopolymers, and synthetic glycolipids/glycoproteins. Multiscale structure-function relationships in several major application areas, including delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunology, will be detailed. We hope this review will provide valuable information for the development of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials and build a bridge between the carbohydrates as matter and the carbohydrates as information to promote new biomaterial design in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Department of Materials meet Life, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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15
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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16
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Hu F, Bi X, Chen X, Pan Q, Zhao Y. Single-crystal-to-single-crystal Transformations for the Preparation of Small Molecules, 1D and 2D Polymers Single Crystals. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Bi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xinsheng Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Pan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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Hu F, Hao W, Mücke D, Pan Q, Li Z, Qi H, Zhao Y. Highly Efficient Preparation of Single-Layer Two-Dimensional Polymer Obtained from Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5636-5642. [PMID: 33848155 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional polymer (2DP) single crystal (T-2DP) with submillimeter size was synthesized by single-crystal to single-crystal transformation based on photochemical [2 + 2]-cycloaddition. A successful conversion from monomer to polymer was achieved in the single-crystal state. The structure information with an atomic resolution of both the monomer and 2DP was given through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. By simply treated with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) under mild conditions, an unprecedented efficiency of exfoliation was achieved. The triazine core in T-2DP could be protonated by TFA, which resulted in a solution-like sample with >60% of monolayers. The size of the exfoliated monolayer reaches to several hundreds of μm2. This is another precious example of 2DP single crystal with nearly perfect structure and large enough size. The successful preparation of the highly desirable 2DP "solution" for a long time containing large sized and large amount of 2DP monolayers may open up new prospects for the basic properties study and the applications of 2DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - David Mücke
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Qingyan Pan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Hema K, Ravi A, Raju C, Sureshan KM. Polymers with advanced structural and supramolecular features synthesized through topochemical polymerization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5361-5380. [PMID: 34168781 PMCID: PMC8179609 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers are an integral part of our daily life. Hence, there are constant efforts towards synthesizing novel polymers with unique properties. As the composition and packing of polymer chains influence polymer's properties, sophisticated control over the molecular and supramolecular structure of the polymer helps tailor its properties as desired. However, such precise control via conventional solution-state synthesis is challenging. Topochemical polymerization (TP), a solvent- and catalyst-free reaction that occurs under the confinement of a crystal lattice, offers profound control over the molecular structure and supramolecular architecture of a polymer and usually results in ordered polymers. In particular, single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) TP is advantageous as we can correlate the structure and packing of polymer chains with their properties. By designing molecules appended with suitable reactive moieties and utilizing the principles of supramolecular chemistry to align them in a reactive orientation, the synthesis of higher-dimensional polymers and divergent topologies has been achieved via TP. Though there are a few reviews on TP in the literature, an exclusive review showcasing the topochemical synthesis of polymers with advanced structural features is not available. In this perspective, we present selected examples of the topochemical synthesis of organic polymers with sophisticated structures like ladders, tubular polymers, alternating copolymers, polymer blends, and other interesting topologies. We also detail some strategies adopted for obtaining distinct polymers from the same monomer. Finally, we highlight the main challenges and prospects for developing advanced polymers via TP and inspire future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala, Vithura Thiruvananthapuram-695551 India
| | - Arthi Ravi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala, Vithura Thiruvananthapuram-695551 India
| | - Cijil Raju
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala, Vithura Thiruvananthapuram-695551 India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala, Vithura Thiruvananthapuram-695551 India
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Hema K, Ravi A, Raju C, Pathan JR, Rai R, Sureshan KM. Topochemical polymerizations for the solid-state synthesis of organic polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4062-4099. [PMID: 33543741 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Topochemical polymerizations are solid-state reactions driven by the alignment of monomers in the crystalline state. The molecular confinement in the monomer crystal lattice offers precise control over the tacticity, packing and crystallinity of the polymer formed in the topochemical reaction. As topochemical reactions occur under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions, giving products in high yield and selectivity/specificity that do not require tedious chromatographic purification, topochemical polymerizations are highly attractive over traditional solution-phase polymer synthesis. By this method, polymers having sophisticated structures and desired topologies can be availed. Often, such ordered packing confers attractive properties to the topochemically-synthesized polymers. Diverse categories of topochemical polymerizations are known, such as polymerizations via [2+2], [4+4], [4+2], and [3+2] cycloadditions, and polymerization of diynes, triynes, dienes, trienes, and quinodimethanes, each of which proceed under suitable stimuli like heat, light or pressure. Each class of these reactions requires a unique packing arrangement of the corresponding monomers for the smooth reaction and produces polymers with distinct properties. This review is penned with the intent of bringing all the types of topochemical polymerizations into a single platform and communicating the versatility of these lattice-controlled polymerizations. We present a brief history of the development of each category and comprehensively review the topochemical synthesis of fully-organic polymers reported in the last twenty years, particularly in crystals. We mainly focus on the various molecular designs and crystal engineering strategies adopted to align monomers in a suitable orientation for polymerization. Finally, we analyze the current challenges and future perspectives in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Arthi Ravi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Cijil Raju
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Javed R Pathan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Rishika Rai
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
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Abstract
Novel polymerizations based on alkyne monomers are becoming a powerful tool to construct polymers with unique structures and advanced functions in the areas of polymer and material sciences, and scientists have been attracted to develop a variety of novel polymerizations in recent decades. Therein, catalytic systems play an indispensable role in the influence of polymerization efficiencies and the performances of the resultant polymers. Concerning the shortcomings of metallic catalysts, much of the recent research focus has been on metal-free polymerization systems. In this paper, metal-free catalysts are classified and the corresponding polymerizations are reviewed, including organobase-catalyzed polymerizations, Lewis-acid-catalyzed polymerizations, as well as catalyst-free polymerizations. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives in this area are also briefly discussed.
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21
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Fuchs P, Vana P, Zhang K. Copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition‐assisted polymerization of linear glucose‐derived co/polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Fuchs
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
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22
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Dussouy C, Kishor C, Lambert A, Lamoureux C, Blanchard H, Grandjean C. Linear triazole-linked pseudo oligogalactosides as scaffolds for galectin inhibitor development. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1123-1133. [PMID: 32220037 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Galectins play key roles in numerous biological processes. Their mode of action depends on their localization which can be extracellular, cytoplasmic, or nuclear and is partly mediated through interactions with β-galactose containing glycans. Galectins have emerged as novel therapeutic targets notably for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancers. This has stimulated the design of carbohydrate-based inhibitors targeting the carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) of the galectins. Pursuing this approach, we reasoned that linear oligogalactosides obtained by straightforward iterative click chemistry could mimic poly-lactosamine motifs expressed at eukaryote cell surfaces which the extracellular form of galectin-3, a prominent member of the galectin family, specifically recognizes. Affinities toward galectin-3 consistently increased with the length of the representative oligogalactosides but without reaching that of oligo-lactosamines. Elucidation of the X-ray crystal structures of the galectin-3 CRD in complex with a synthesized di- and tri-galactoside confirmed that the compounds bind within the carbohydrate-binding site. The atomic structures revealed that binding interactions mainly occur with the galactose moiety at the non-reducing end, primarily with subsites C and D of the CRD, differing from oligo-lactosamine which bind more consistently across the whole groove formed by the five subsites (A-E) of the galectin-3 CRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dussouy
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), CNRS, UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Chandan Kishor
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Annie Lambert
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), CNRS, UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Clément Lamoureux
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), CNRS, UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), CNRS, UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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23
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Hema K, Sureshan KM. β-Sheet to Helical-Sheet Evolution Induced by Topochemical Polymerization: Cross-α-Amyloid-like Packing in a Pseudoprotein with Gly-Phe-Gly Repeats. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8854-8859. [PMID: 32149438 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein-mimics are of great interest for their structure, stability, and properties. We are interested in the synthesis of protein-mimics containing triazole linkages as peptide-bond surrogate by topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) polymerization of azide- and alkyne-modified peptides. The rationally designed dipeptide N3 -CH2 CO-Phe-NHCH2 CCH (1) crystallized in a parallel β-sheet arrangement and are head-to-tail aligned in a direction perpendicular to the β-sheet-direction. Upon heating, crystals of 1 underwent single-crystal-to-single-crystal polymerization forming a triazole-linked pseudoprotein with Gly-Phe-Gly repeats. During TAAC polymerization, the pseudoprotein evolved as helical chains. These helical chains are laterally assembled by backbone hydrogen bonding in a direction perpendicular to the helical axis to form helical sheets. This interesting helical-sheet orientation in the crystal resembles the cross-α-amyloids, where α-helices are arranged laterally as sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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24
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Hema K, Sureshan KM. β‐Sheet to Helical‐Sheet Evolution Induced by Topochemical Polymerization: Cross‐α‐Amyloid‐like Packing in a Pseudoprotein with Gly‐Phe‐Gly Repeats. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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25
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Topochemical synthesis of different polymorphs of polymers as a paradigm for tuning properties of polymers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:865. [PMID: 32054844 PMCID: PMC7018732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different packing is a mechanism through which nature can produce materials of different properties from the same basic units. There is great interest in constructing different forms of the same polymer by utilising different packing. Common solution-synthesized polymers are amorphous and their post-synthesis crystallization into different topologies is almost impossible. Here we show solid-state polymerization of different reactive polymorphs of a monomer pre-organized in different topologies. Trimorphs of a dipeptide monomer pack in a head-to-tail fashion, placing the azide and alkyne of adjacent monomers in proximity. On heating, these crystals undergo a topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction yielding triazole-linked polymer in three different crystalline states; one with antiparallel arrangement of polymer chains, another with parallelly oriented chains, and a third form containing a 1:1 blend of two different conformers aligned in parallel. This approach of exploiting different polymorphs of a monomer for topochemical polymerization to yield polymorphs of polymers is promising for future research.
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26
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Hema K, Gonnade RG, Sureshan KM. Crystal‐to‐Crystal Synthesis of Helically Ordered Polymers of Trehalose by Topochemical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2897-2903. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Physics and Materials Chemistry DivisionNational Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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27
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Hema K, Gonnade RG, Sureshan KM. Crystal‐to‐Crystal Synthesis of Helically Ordered Polymers of Trehalose by Topochemical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Physics and Materials Chemistry DivisionNational Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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28
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Abstract
Topochemical reactions are solid-state reactions that transpire under the strict control of molecular packing in the crystal lattice. Due to this lattice control, these reactions generate products in a regio-/stereospecific manner and in very high yields. In a broader sense, topochemical reactions mimic nature's way of carrying out reactions in a confined environment of enzymes giving specific products. Apart from their remarkable specificity, topochemical reactions have many other interesting features that make these reactions more attractive than solution-phase reactions. Solution-phase reactions necessitate the use of reactants, reagents, catalysts, and solvents and often give products along with varying amounts of byproducts, necessitating complex workup and chromatographic purification using various chemicals. These inevitable chemical wastes from solution-state reactions could be avoided by topochemical reactions, as they are solvent-free and catalyst-free and often do not require any chromatographic purification in view of their specificity and high yielding nature. Also the confinement offered by the crystal lattice gives products that are not possible by solution-phase reactions. Another interesting feature of topochemical reactions is the possibility of formation of products in an ordered (crystalline) form, which imparts interesting properties. Thus, topochemical reactions have control not only at the molecular level (regio-/stereospecificity) but also at the supramolecular level (packing). Many topochemical reactions happen in single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) fashion, and crystal structure analysis of such reactions often gives mechanistic insights and knowledge about the geometrical criteria required for the reaction. Despite all these attractive features, reactions that can be done topochemically are limited. There is tremendous interest in the development of new categories of topochemical reactions and strategies to achieve reactivity in crystals. In this Account, we will summarize our attempts to develop topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reactions. We have used hydrogen-bonding as the main noncovalent interaction for aligning azide-and-alkyne-substituted derivatives of various biomolecules in orientations suitable for their proximity-driven cycloaddition reaction in crystals. Overall, three major classes of biomolecules; carbohydrates, nucleosides, and peptides were successfully exploited for their TAAC reactions using conventional O-H···O, N-H···O, and N-H···N hydrogen bonds as supramolecular glues for controlling their assembly in crystals. The crystals of these monomers underwent TAAC reaction either spontaneously at room temperature or under heating yielding triazole-linked biopolymer mimics. The ordered packing of product molecules imparted special properties to the products formed. The legendary "cream of the crop" azide-alkyne click reaction has diverse applications in the areas of bioconjugation, material science, polymer synthesis, and so forth. Belonging to the same genre, TAAC is a novel metal-free approach for making the triazole-linked products employing the ordered crystal/gel as a reaction medium. In brief, our studies suggest that TAAC reaction can be implemented in diverse molecular categories and has high potential to develop into a field with practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695551, India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695551, India
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Prathap A, Sureshan KM. Sugar-Based Organogelators for Various Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6005-6014. [PMID: 30983352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we discuss the design strategy, syntheses, and the self-assembly of various sugar-based gelators to form organogels. We illustrate the use of organogels formed by these sugar-based gelators for various applications such as (a) development of scratch-free, shatter-free, soft-optical devices using oil gels formed by mannitol-based gelators, (b) marine oil-spill recovery using sugar-based phase selective organogelators, (c) preparation of semiconducting cotton cloths using a diyne functionalized sugar gelator, (d) development of sugar arrays on glass slides using a polymerizable diyne functionalized sugar gelator for efficient lectin binding, (e) development of sintering resistant hybrid CaO-silica material for the absorption of CO2, (f) preparation of porous polystyrene-crown ether matrix for the selective alkali metal ions sequestration, and (g) preparation of porous polystyrene, structured silica, and fluorescent gels using a library of sugar-based gelators, and also the mechanism of gelation of some of these gelators have been discussed. We have also given our perspective toward exploring sugar-based gelators for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamalai Prathap
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Maruthamala (P.O.), Vithura , Kerala 695551 , India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Maruthamala (P.O.), Vithura , Kerala 695551 , India
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30
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Meng X, Chen C, Deng X, Wang Z, Chen Q, Ma Y. Building a Cocrystal by Using Supramolecular Synthons for Pressure‐Accelerated Heteromolecular Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition. Chemistry 2019; 25:7142-7148. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Changqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsSalem State University 352 Lafayette Street Salem MA 01970 USA
| | - Xinyuan Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Zhangyuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryPeking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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31
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Hema K, Sureshan KM. Solid‐State Synthesis of Two Different Polymers in a Single Crystal: A Miscible Polymer Blend from a Topochemical Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2754-2759. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695551 India
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32
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Hema K, Sureshan KM. Solid‐State Synthesis of Two Different Polymers in a Single Crystal: A Miscible Polymer Blend from a Topochemical Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695551 India
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33
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Athiyarath V, Sureshan KM. Spontaneous Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Evolution of Two Cross-Laminated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695 551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695 551 India
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34
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Athiyarath V, Sureshan KM. Spontaneous Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Evolution of Two Cross-Laminated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:612-617. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Athiyarath
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695 551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala- 695 551 India
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35
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Mohanrao R, Sureshan KM. Synthesis and Reversible Hydration of a Pseudoprotein, a Fully Organic Polymeric Desiccant by Multiple Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mohanrao
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Kerala- 695551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Kerala- 695551 India
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36
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Mohanrao R, Sureshan KM. Synthesis and Reversible Hydration of a Pseudoprotein, a Fully Organic Polymeric Desiccant by Multiple Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12435-12439. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mohanrao
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Kerala- 695551 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; Kerala- 695551 India
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37
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Li B, Huang D, Qin A, Tang BZ. Progress on Catalytic Systems Used in Click Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800098. [PMID: 29682849 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Click polymerization, a powerful synthetic technique to construct polymers with unique structures and advanced functions, is of crucial importance in the areas of polymer and material sciences. A variety of click polymerizations such as azide-alkyne, thiol-yne, amino-yne, and hydroxyl-yne reactions have been established, wherein the catalytic systems play an indispensable role in realizing these highly practical reactions based on triple-bond building blocks, as they directly influence the efficiencies of the click polymerizations and the performances of the resultant polymers. The vital employment of catalysts is reviewed and their developments from innovative discoveries to the eminent position are outlined. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives in this area are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Die Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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38
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Krishnan BP, Raghu S, Mukherjee S, Sureshan KM. Organogel-assisted topochemical synthesis of multivalent glyco-polymer for high-affinity lectin binding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:14089-14092. [PMID: 27853762 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07993h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An organogelator, 2,4-undeca-diynyl-4',6'-O-benzylidene-β-d-galactopyranoside, which aligns its diacetylene upon gelation, has been synthesized. UV irradiation of its gel resulted in topochemical polymerization of the gelator forming polydiacetylene (PDA). We have used this gel-state reaction for the synthesis of surface-immobilized multi-valent glycoclusters, which showed 1000-fold enhanced binding, compared to monomers, with various galactose-binding lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiju P Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India.
| | - Sreedevi Raghu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India.
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India.
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India.
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39
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Abstract
The recent progress in alkyne-based click polymerizations and their application in the preparation of new functional polymers are summarized. The challenges and opportunities in this area are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
- The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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40
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Hema K, Sureshan KM. Three-way competition in a topochemical reaction: permutative azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions leading to a vast library of products in the crystal. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Crystals of 5-azido-3-O-propargyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-ribofuranose undergo topochemical azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction in three different pathways leading to a library of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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41
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Qiu Z, Han T, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Recent New Methodologies for Acetylenic Polymers with Advanced Functionalities. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:70. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Krishnan BP, Sureshan KM. Topochemical Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction in Gels: Size-Tunable Synthesis of Triazole-Linked Polypeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1584-1589. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baiju P. Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, CET
Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, CET
Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
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43
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Kristufek SL, Wacker KT, Tsao YYT, Su L, Wooley KL. Monomer design strategies to create natural product-based polymer materials. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:433-459. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00112b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In an effort towards enhancing function and sustainability, natural products have become of interest in the field of polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
| | - Kevin T. Wacker
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
| | - Yi-Yun Timothy Tsao
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
| | - Lu Su
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
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44
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Chavan SR, Gavale KS, Kamble KM, Pingale SS, Dhavale DD. gem-Disubstituent Effect in Rate Acceleration of Intramolecular Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition Reaction. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Krishnan BP, Rai R, Asokan A, Sureshan KM. Crystal-to-Crystal Synthesis of Triazole-Linked Pseudo-proteins via Topochemical Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14824-14827. [PMID: 27791357 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isosteric replacement of amide bond(s) of peptides with surrogate groups is an important strategy for the synthesis of peptidomimetics (pseudo-peptides). Triazole is a well-recognized bio-isostere for peptide bonds, and peptides with one or more triazole units are of great interest for different applications. We have used a catalyst-free and solvent-free method, viz., topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction, to synthesize pseudo-proteins with repeating sequences. A designed β-sheet-forming l-Ala-l-Val dipeptide containing azide and alkyne at its termini (N3-Ala-Val-NHCH2C≡CH, 1) was synthesized. Single-crystal XRD analysis of the dipeptide 1 showed parallel β-sheet arrangement along the b-direction and head-to-tail arrangement of such β-sheets along the c-direction. This head-to-tail arrangement along the c-direction places the complementary reacting motifs, viz., azide and alkyne, of adjacent molecules in proximity. The crystals of dipeptide 1, upon heating at 85 °C, underwent crystal-to-crystal polymerization, giving 1,4-triazole-linked pseudo-proteins. This TAAC polymerization was investigated by various time-dependent techniques, such as NMR, IR, DSC, and PXRD. The crystal-to-crystal nature of this transformation was revealed from polarizing microscopy and PXRD experiments, and the regiospecificity of triazole formation was evidenced from various NMR techniques. The MALDI-TOF spectrum showed the presence of pseudo-proteins >7 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiju P Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
| | - Rishika Rai
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
| | - Aromal Asokan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
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46
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Tamboli MI, Krishanaswamy S, Gonnade RG, Shashidhar MS. Engineering crystals that facilitate the acyl-transfer reaction: insight from a comparison of the crystal structures of myo-inositol-1,3,5-orthoformate-derived benzoates and carbonates. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:875-881. [PMID: 27811429 DOI: 10.1107/s205322961601603x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Minor variations in the molecular structure of constituent molecules of reactive crystals often yield crystals with significantly different properties due to altered modes of molecular association in the solid state. Hence, these studies could provide a better understanding of the complex chemical processes occurring in the crystalline state. However, reactions that proceed efficiently in molecular crystals are only a small fraction of the reactions that are known to proceed (with comparable efficiency) in the solution state. Hence, for consistent progress in this area of research, investigation of newer reactive molecular crystals which support different kinds of reactions and their related systems is essential. The crystal structures and acyl-transfer reactivity of a myo-inositol-1,3,5-orthoformate-derived dibenzoate and its carbonate (4-O-benzoyl-2-O-phenoxycarbonyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate, C21H18O9) and thiocarbonate (4-O-benzoyl-2-O-phenoxythiocarbonyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate, C21H18O8S) analogs are compared with the aim of understanding the relationship between crystal structure and acyl-transfer reactivity. Insertion of an O atom in the acyl (or thioacyl) group of an ester gives the corresponding carbonate (or thiocarbonate). This seemingly minor change in molecular structure results in a considerable change in the packing of the molecules in the crystals of myo-inositol-1,3,5-orthoformate-derived benzoates and the corresponding carbonates. These differences result in a lack of intermolecular acyl-transfer reactivity in crystals of myo-inositol-1,3,5-orthoformate-derived carbonates. Hence, this study illustrates the sensitivity of the relative orientation of molecules, their packing and ensuing changes in the reactivity of resulting crystals to minor changes in molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid I Tamboli
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | | | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Center for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Mysore S Shashidhar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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47
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Schmidt MS, Götz KH, Koch W, Grimm T, Ringwald M. Studies toward the synthesis of linear triazole linked pseudo oligosaccharides and the use of ferrocene as analytical probe. Carbohydr Res 2016; 425:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Kayet A, Ganguly A, Pathak T. Vinyl sulfone modified-azidofuranoside building-blocks: 1,4-/1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole linked trisaccharides via an aqueous/ionic-liquid route and “Click” chemistry. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole (1,5-DT) linked disaccharides have been synthesized from stable building blocks having both vinyl sulfone and azido groups using aqueous ionic-liquid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Kayet
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721 302
- India
| | - Arghya Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721 302
- India
| | - Tanmaya Pathak
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721 302
- India
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49
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Pathigoolla A, Sureshan KM. The topochemical synthesis of triazole-linked homobasic DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:886-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08834h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triazolyl-DNA (TLDNA), DNA wherein phosphodiester units are replaced by triazole units, is of great interest. By adopting Topochemical Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction, we have synthesized homobasic TLDNA oligomers. 5′-ethynyl-3′-azido-2′,3′,5′-tri-deoxycytosine, which crystallized with proximal placement of azide and alkyne units of adjacent molecules, underwent TAAC reaction to TLDNA oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchutarao Pathigoolla
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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50
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Krishnan BP, Mukherjee S, Aneesh PM, Namboothiry MAG, Sureshan KM. Semiconducting Fabrics by In Situ Topochemical Synthesis of Polydiacetylene: A New Dimension to the Use of Organogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baiju P. Krishnan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; CET campus Thiruvananthapuram- 695016 India
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; CET campus Thiruvananthapuram- 695016 India
| | - Pacheri M. Aneesh
- School of Physics; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; CET campus Thiruvananthapuram- 695016 India
| | - Manoj A. G. Namboothiry
- School of Physics; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; CET campus Thiruvananthapuram- 695016 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; CET campus Thiruvananthapuram- 695016 India
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