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Song W, Wen Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Liao Q, Tang Y, Yu DG, Kim I. Versatile Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers Derived from Waste Polystyrene: Synthesis, Properties, and Intentional Recycling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38913990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Waste polystyrene contributes considerably to environmental pollution due to its persistent nature, prompting a widespread consensus on the urgent need for viable recycling solutions. Owing to the aromatic groups structure of polystyrene, hyper-cross-linked polymers can be synthesized through the Friedel-Crafts cross-linking reaction using Lewis acids as catalysts. In addition, hyper-cross-linked polystyrene and its carbonaceous counterparts can be used in several important applications, which helps in their efficient recycling. This review systematically explores methods for preparing multifunctional hyper-cross-linked polymers from waste polystyrene and their applications in sustainable recycling. We have comprehensively outlined various synthetic approaches for these polymers and investigated their physical and chemical properties. These multifunctional polymers not only exhibit structural flexibility but also demonstrate diversity in performance, making them suitable for various applications. Through a systematic examination of synthetic methods, we showcase the cutting-edge positions of these materials in the field of hyper-cross-linked polymers. Additionally, we provide in-depth insights into the potential applications of these hyper-cross-linked polymers in intentional recycling, highlighting their important contributions to environmental protection and sustainable development. This research provides valuable references to the fields of sustainable materials science and waste management, encouraging further exploration of innovative approaches for the utilization of discarded polystyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Song
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Wen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Hailang Xu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Yunxin Tang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63-2, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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2
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Rajput SK, Mothika VS. Powders to Thin Films: Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymer Chemical Sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300730. [PMID: 38407503 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical sensing of harmful species released either from natural or anthropogenic activities is critical to ensuring human safety and health. Over the last decade, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been proven to be potential sensor materials with the possibility of realizing sensing devices for practical applications. CMPs found to be unique among other porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to their high chemical/thermal stability, high surface area, microporosity, efficient host-guest interactions with the analyte, efficient exciton migration along the π-conjugated chains, and tailorable structure to target specific analytes. Several CMP-based optical, electrochemical, colorimetric, and ratiometric sensors with excellent selectivity and sensing performance were reported. This review comprehensively discusses the advances in CMP chemical sensors (powders and thin films) in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives, chemical warfare agents, anions, metal ions, biomolecules, iodine, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with simultaneous delineation of design strategy principles guiding the selectivity and sensitivity of CMP. Preceding this, various photophysical mechanisms responsible for chemical sensing are discussed in detail for convenience. Finally, future challenges to be addressed in the field of CMP chemical sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Venkata Suresh Mothika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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3
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Fajal S, Dutta S, Ghosh SK. Porous organic polymers (POPs) for environmental remediation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4083-4138. [PMID: 37575072 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00672g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Modern global industrialization along with the ever-increasing growth of the population has resulted in continuous enhancement in the discharge and accumulation of various toxic and hazardous chemicals in the environment. These harmful pollutants, including toxic gases, inorganic heavy metal ions, anthropogenic waste, persistent organic pollutants, toxic dyes, pharmaceuticals, volatile organic compounds, etc., are destroying the ecological balance of the environment. Therefore, systematic monitoring and effective remediation of these toxic pollutants either by adsorptive removal or by catalytic degradation are of great significance. From this viewpoint, porous organic polymers (POPs), being two- or three-dimensional polymeric materials, constructed from small organic molecules connected with rigid covalent bonds have come forth as a promising platform toward various leading applications, especially for efficient environmental remediation. Their unique chemical and structural features including high stability, tunable pore functionalization, and large surface area have boosted the transformation of POPs into various macro-physical forms such as thick and thin-film membranes, which led to a new direction in advanced level pollutant removal, separation and catalytic degradation. In this review, our focus is to highlight the recent progress and achievements in the strategic design, synthesis, architectural-engineering and applications of POPs and their composite materials toward environmental remediation. Several strategies to improve the adsorption efficiency and catalytic degradation performance along with the in-depth interaction mechanism of POP-based materials have been systematically summarized. In addition, evolution of POPs from regular powder form application to rapid and more efficient size and chemo-selective, "real-time" applicable membrane-based application has been further highlighted. Finally, we put forward our perspective on the challenges and opportunities of these materials toward real-world implementation and future prospects in next generation remediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Fajal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Subhajit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Sujit K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
- Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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4
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Yan X, Zhao Y, Cao G, Li X, Gao C, Liu L, Ahmed S, Altaf F, Tan H, Ma X, Xie Z, Zhang H. 2D Organic Materials: Status and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203889. [PMID: 36683257 PMCID: PMC9982583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, 2D layer materials have gradually become a central focus in materials science owing to their uniquely layered structural qualities and good optoelectronic properties. However, in the development of 2D materials, several disadvantages, such as limited types of materials and the inability to synthesize large-scale materials, severely confine their application. Therefore, further exploration of new materials and preparation methods is necessary to meet technological developmental needs. Organic molecular materials have the advantage of being customizable. Therefore, if organic molecular and 2D materials are combined, the resulting 2D organic materials would have excellent optical and electrical properties. In addition, through this combination, the free design and large-scale synthesis of 2D materials can be realized in principle. Furthermore, 2D organic materials exhibit excellent properties and unique functionalities along with great potential for developing sensors, biomedicine, and electronics. In this review, 2D organic materials are divided into five categories. The preparation methods and material properties of each class of materials are also described in detail. Notably, to comprehensively understand each material's advantages, the latest research applications for each material are presented in detail and summarized. Finally, the future development and application prospects of 2D organic materials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Chao Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Luan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyInternational Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Faizah Altaf
- Department of ChemistryWomen University Bagh Azad KashmirBagh Azad KashmirBagh12500Pakistan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology North AvenueAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of PediatricsShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518038P. R. China
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical ResearchShenzhenGuangdong518116China
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyInternational Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
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Rani Kumar N, Agrawal AR. Advances in the Chemistry of 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200203. [PMID: 36599693 PMCID: PMC9812756 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic systems are now considered to be an integral part of material chemistry. Thiophene, selenophene, furan, pyrrole, carbazole, triazine and others are some such examples worth mentioning. 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine is a C3h -symmetric system with thiophene as the donor unit and s-triazine as the acceptor unit. This review gives an insight into the advances made in the thienyl-triazine chemistry over the past two to three decades. The synthetic pathways for arriving at this system and all its important derivatives are provided. The major focus is on the materials synthesized using the thienyl-triazine system, including star molecules, linear and hyperbranched polymers, porous materials and their diverse applications. This review will play a catalytic role for new dimensions to be explored in thienyl-triazine chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Dhemaji CollegeDhemaji787057, AssamIndia
| | - Abhijeet R. Agrawal
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem91904Israel
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6
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Karak S, Dey K, Banerjee R. Maneuvering Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks via Framework-Morphology Modulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202751. [PMID: 35760553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Translating the performance of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from laboratory to macroscopic reality demands specific morphologies. Thus, the advancement in morphological modulation has recently gained some momentum. A clear understanding of nano- to macroscopic architecture is critical to determine, optimize, and improve performances of this atomically precise porous material. Along with their chemical compositions and molecular frameworks, the prospect of morphology in various applications should be discussed and highlighted. A thorough insight into morphology versus application will help produce better-engineered COFs for practical implications. 2D and 3D frameworks can be transformed into various solids such as nanospheres, thin films, membranes, monoliths, foams, etc., for numerous applications in adsorption, separation photocatalysis, the carbon dioxide reduction, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. However, the research on COF chemistry mainly focuses on correlating structure to property, structure to morphology, and structure to applications. Here, critical insights on various morphological evolution and associated applications are provided. In each case, the underlying role of morphology is unveiled. Toward the end, a correlation between morphology and application is provided for the future development of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Karak
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kaushik Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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7
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Jiang K, Peng P, Tranca D, Tong G, Ke C, Lu C, Hu J, Liang H, Li J, Zhou S, Kymakis E, Zhuang X. Covalent Triazine Frameworks and Porous Carbons: Perspective from an Azulene-Based Case. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200392. [PMID: 35678742 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are among the most valuable frameworks owing to many fantastic properties. However, molten salt-involved preparation of CTFs at 400-600 °C causes debate on whether CTFs represent organic frameworks or carbon. Herein, new CTFs based on the 1,3-dicyanoazulene monomer (CTF-Azs) are synthesized using molten ZnCl2 at 400-600 °C. Chemical structure analysis reveals that the CTF-Az prepared at low temperature (400 °C) exhibits polymeric features, whereas those prepared at high temperatures (600 °C) exhibit typical carbon features. Even after being treated at even higher temperatures, the CTF-Azs retain their rich porosity, but the polymeric features vanish. Although structural de-conformation is a widely accepted outcome in polymer-to-carbon rearrangement processes, the study evaluates such processes in the context of CTF systems. A proof-of-concept study is performed, observing that the as-synthesized CTF-Azs exhibit promising performance as cathodes for Li- and K-ion batteries. Moreover, the as-prepared NPCs exhibit excellent catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance; hence, they can be used as air cathodes in Zn-air batteries. This study not only provides new building blocks for novel CTFs with controllable polymer/carbon features but also offers insights into the formation and structure transformation history of CTFs during thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Jiang
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peipei Peng
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Diana Tranca
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gangsheng Tong
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Changchun Ke
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chenbao Lu
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Haiwei Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiantong Li
- School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, Kista, 16440, Sweden
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion, 71410, Greece
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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8
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Zhang W, Zuo H, Cheng Z, Shi Y, Guo Z, Meng N, Thomas A, Liao Y. Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104952. [PMID: 35181945 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since discovered in 2007, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been developed for numerous applications including gas adsorption, sensing, organic and photoredox catalysis, energy storage, etc. While featuring abundant micropores, the structural rigidity derived from CMPs' stable π-conjugated skeleton leads to insolubility and thus poor processability, which severely limits their applicability, e.g., in CMP-based devices. Hence, the development of CMPs whose structure can not only be controlled on the micro- but also on the macroscale have attracted tremendous interest. In conventional synthesis procedures, CMPs are obtained as powders, but in recent years various bottom-up synthesis strategies have been developed, which yield CMPs as thin films on substrates or as hybrid materials, allowing to span length scales from individual conjugated monomers to micro-/macrostructures. This review surveys recent advances on the construction of CMPs into macroscale structures, including membranes, films, aerogels, sponges, and other architectures. The focus is to describe the underlying fabrication techniques and the implications which follow from the macroscale morphologies, involving new chemistry and physics in such materials for applications like molecular separation/filtration/adsorption, energy storage and conversion, photothermal transformation, sensing, or catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongyu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhonghua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Arne Thomas
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Sekretariat BA 2, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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9
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Two-stage polymerization towards C–C bonded Conjugated microporous polymer membranes with excellent nanofiltration performance. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Wang R, Wang X, Weng W, Yao Y, Kidkhunthod P, Wang C, Hou Y, Guo J. Proton/Electron Donors Enhancing Electrocatalytic Activity of Supported Conjugated Microporous Polymers for CO
2
Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Weijun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Pinit Kidkhunthod
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization) 111 University Avenue Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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11
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Wang R, Wang X, Weng W, Yao Y, Kidkhunthod P, Wang C, Hou Y, Guo J. Proton/Electron Donors Enhancing Electrocatalytic Activity of Supported Conjugated Microporous Polymers for CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115503. [PMID: 34851556 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal phthalocyanines (MePc) hold great promise in electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals, whereas the catalytic activity of MePc-containing polymers often suffers from a limited molecular modulation strategy. Herein, we synthesize an ultrathin conjugated microporous polymer sheath around carbon nanotubes by an ionothermal copolymerization of CoPc and H2 Pc via the Scholl reaction. Given the H2 Pc-mediated regulation in the synthesis, CoII metal is well preserved in the form of single atoms on the polymer sheath of the carbon nanotubes. With the synergistic effect of H2 Pc moieties as proton/electron donors, the composites can selectively reduce CO2 to CO with a high Faradaic efficiency (max. 97 % at -0.9 V) in broad potential windows, exceptional turnover frequency (97 592 h-1 at -0.65 V) and large current density (>200 mA cm-2 ). It is thus desirable to develop a family of heterogeneous polymerized MePc with molecularly regulating electrocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weijun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Pinit Kidkhunthod
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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12
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Designed azo-linked conjugated microporous polymers for CO2 uptake and removal applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [PMCID: PMC8540882 DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent decade, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) were treated as one of the superior porous materials for CO2 uptake. Herein, we prepared two azo-linked CMPs namely: azo-carbazole (Azo-Cz) and azo-phenothiazine (Azo-Tz) from the reduction of the corresponding nitro monomers using sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The obtained polymers were well characterized using many spectroscopic techniques. According to TGA and BET analyses, our CMPs owned good specific surface areas (reaching 315 m2 g–1), and a significant thermal stability. It is also possessed pore sizes of 0.79 and 1.18 nm, respectively, and a reasonable char yields (max. 46 %). Based on CO2 uptake measurements, the CO2 adsorption capacities of these CMPs were very good: up to 40 and 94 mg g–1 at the experiment temperatures 298 and 273 K, respectively. The great CO2 uptake is due to high surface areas that facilitate powerful interactions with CO2 molecules.
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13
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Song Y, Lan PC, Martin K, Ma S. Rational design of bifunctional conjugated microporous polymers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4891-4906. [PMID: 36132340 PMCID: PMC9418725 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are an emerging class of porous organic polymers that combine π-conjugated skeletons with permanent micropores. Since their first report in 2007, the enormous exploration of linkage types, building units, and synthetic methods for CMPs have facilitated their potential applications in various areas, from gas separations to energy storage. Owning to their unique construction, CMPs offer the opportunity for the precise design of conjugated skeletons and pore environment engineering, which allow the construction of functional porous materials at the molecular level. The capability to chemically alter CMPs to targeted applications allows for the fine adaptation of functionalities for the ever-changing environments and necessities. Bifunctional CMPs are a branch of functionalized CMPs that have caught the interest of researchers because of their inherent synergistic systems that can expand their applications and optimize their performance. This review discusses the rational design and synthesis of bifunctional CMPs and summarizes their advanced applications. To conclude, our own perspective on the research prospects of these types of materials is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508 W Mulberry St Denton TX 76201 USA
| | - Pui Ching Lan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508 W Mulberry St Denton TX 76201 USA
| | - Kyle Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508 W Mulberry St Denton TX 76201 USA
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508 W Mulberry St Denton TX 76201 USA
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14
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Ding J, Wu D, Huang S, Lu C, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Li J, Ke C, Tranca D, Kymakis E, Zhuang X. Topological defect-containing Fe/N co-doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets as novel electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and Zn-air batteries. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13249-13255. [PMID: 34477733 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction is of great significance for clean and renewable energy technologies, such as metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Defect engineering is the central focus of this field because the overall catalytic performance crucially depends on highly active defects. For the ORR, topological defects have been proven to have a positive effect. However, because preparation and characterization of such defects are difficult, a basic understanding of the relationship between topological defects and catalytic performance remains elusive. In this study, topological defect-containing Fe/N co-doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets were synthesized using azulene-based sandwich-like polymer nanosheets as the precursor. As electrocatalysts, such porous carbon nanosheets exhibited promising ORR activity, methanol tolerance ability, and stability with a half-wave potential of 841 mV under alkaline conditions, which is superior to those of most of the reported porous carbons. As the air cathode for Zn-air batteries, the catalyst exhibited a peak power density of 153 mW cm-2 and a specific capacity of 628 mA h g-1,which were higher than those of a Pt/C-based Zn-air battery. Density functional theory calculation further proved the positive effect of topological defects on the oxygen reduction activity. These results indicate that bottom-up topological defect engineering could be a new and promising strategy for developing high-performance electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ding
- Key Lab for Advanced Materials, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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15
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Cui YY, He XQ, Yang CX, Yan XP. Application of microporous organic networks in separation science. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Ilic IK, Oschatz M. The Functional Chameleon of Materials Chemistry-Combining Carbon Structures into All-Carbon Hybrid Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Porosity to Overcome the "Functionality-Conductivity-Dilemma" in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007508. [PMID: 33773047 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous carbon materials can cover a remarkably wide range of physicochemical properties. They are widely applied in electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalysis. As a matter of fact, all these applications combine a chemical process at the electrode-electrolyte interface with the transport (and possibly the transfer) of electrons. This leads to multiple requirements which can hardly be fulfilled by one and the same material. This "functionality-conductivity-dilemma" can be minimized when multiple carbon-based compounds are combined into porous all-carbon hybrid nanomaterials. This article is giving a broad and general perspective on this approach from the viewpoint of materials chemists. The problem and existing solutions are first summarized. This is followed by an overview of the most important design principles for such porous materials, a chapter discussing recent examples from different fields where the formation of comparable structures has already been successfully applied, and an outlook over the future development of this field that is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K Ilic
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Oschatz
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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17
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Recent progress in conjugated microporous polymers for clean energy: Synthesis, modification, computer simulations, and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Zhang S, Shang N, Gao S, Meng T, Wang Z, Gao Y, Wang C. Ultra dispersed Co supported on nitrogen-doped carbon: An efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction and Zn-air battery. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Song Z, Ma Y, Morrin A, Ding C, Luo X. Preparation and electrochemical sensing application of porous conducting polymers. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Liu Y, Wang H, Liu F, Kang J, Qiu F, Ke C, Huang Y, Han S, Zhang F, Zhuang X. Self-Assembly Approach Towards MoS 2 -Embedded Hierarchical Porous Carbons for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2021; 27:2155-2164. [PMID: 33165980 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-based nanoparticle-embedded carbon materials have received increasing attention for constructing next-generation electrochemical catalysts for energy storage and conversion. However, designing hybrid carbon materials with controllable hierarchical micro/mesoporous structures, excellent dispersion of metal nanoparticles, and multiple heteroatom-doping remains challenging. Here, a novel pyridinium-containing ionic hypercrosslinked micellar frameworks (IHMFs) prepared from the core-shell unimicelle of s-poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(4-bromomethyl) styrene (s-PtBA-b-PBMS) and linear poly(4-vinylpyridine) were used as self-sacrificial templates for confined growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) inside cationic IHMFs through electrostatic interaction. After pyrolysis, MoS2 -anchored nitrogen-doped porous carbons possessing tunable hierarchical micro/mesoporous structures and favorable distributions of MoS2 nanoparticles exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction as well as small Tafel slope of 66.7 mV dec-1 , low onset potential, and excellent cycling stability under acidic condition. Crucially, hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure and high surface area could boost their catalytic hydrogen evolution performance. This approach provides a novel route for preparation of micro/mesoporous hybrid carbon materials with confined transition metal nanoparticles for electrochemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Fengru Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Jialing Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Changchun Ke
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sheng Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Themeso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites &, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Themeso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites &, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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21
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Liu Z, Yin Y, Eginligil M, Wang L, Liu J, Huang W. Two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer films: fabrication strategies and potential applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the latest advances in the preparation and application of two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers, as well as the future research directions of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yuhang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Mustafa Eginligil
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
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22
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Wen J, Zhu L, Li M. C-C Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Conjugated Polymers. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2636-2651. [PMID: 33305907 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extension of conjugated polymers from 1D to 2D can not only significantly enhance the dissociation of charge and excitons, but also induce other advantages, such as high in-plane mechanical strength, large specific surface area and porosity, and more active centers. 2D conjugated polymers can be divided into C-C bonded 2D polymers based on C-C coupling reactions, and heteroatomic bonded 2D polymers based on reversible heteroatom coupling reactions. C-C bonded 2D polymers are generally more stable than heteroatomic bonded 2D polymers as the latter bonds are easily hydrolyzed. This Review mainly summarizes C-C coupling reactions that are suitable for synthesizing 2D conjugated polymers, and the properties of these 2D conjugated polymers are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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23
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Du Y, Huang R, Lin X, Khan S, Zheng B, Fu R. Template-Free Preparation of Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets for Lithium-Sulfur Battery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14507-14513. [PMID: 33236639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon nanosheets have the advantages of longitudinal continuity, transverse ultrathin, high specific surface area, and surface atomic activity, as well as the synergistic effect of micro and nanoproperties, so the research on their preparation, structure, and properties has attracted wide attention. A series of ultrathin hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets (HPCNs) is fabricated through carbonization of precursors obtained through the Friedel-Crafts reaction-assisted loading of polystyrene on graphene oxide. Hierarchical pore structures consist of three parts: (1) the micropores (1.3 nm), which were provided by porous polystyrene through the Friedel-Crafts reaction; (2) the mesopores (3.8 nm), which were provided by slab pores from the stack of carbon nanosheets; and (3) the pores (>5 nm) formed from the random stack of carbon nanosheets. Controlling the carbonization time and temperature adds to a prominent increase in specific surface area from 405.8 to 1420 m2 g-1. It was found that excessive carbonization would destroy the hierarchical pore structure. These porous carbon materials were used as cathode materials for lithium-sulfur battery and showed good performance. HPCN/sulfur cathode has good rate performance and cycle performance, and the capacity retention rate is 87% after the current density rises from 1 to 3 C and 91% after 200 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rongkang Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Xidong Lin
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaukat Khan
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bingna Zheng
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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24
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Chen M, Pan Y, Su Z, Long D. Rapid Gas-Engineering to the Manufacture of Graphene-Like Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets with a Large Aspect Ratio. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47792-47801. [PMID: 32955241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon nanosheets (PCNs) with a large two-dimensional morphology and high porosity have emerged as an important class of 2D materials, while developing novel technology to manufacture high-quality PCNs in terms of convenience, high output, and economic benefit remains a challenge. Herein, a rapid gas-engineering technology is developed to fabricate graphene-like mesoporous carbon nanosheets (MCNs) with large aspect ratios (>2500, length/thickness). By easy carbonization of calcium gluconate under reduced pressure, MCNs with ultrathin (∼12 nm) thickness, ultralarge (>20 μm) lamella morphology, and high surface area (∼1155 m2/g) are fabricated in kilogram scale. Two-dimensional lamella morphology transformation, pore architectures, and calcium compounds transformation mechanisms are unraveled by in situ variable temperature X-ray diffraction (VT-XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The key to the synthesis is the negative pressure operation, which triggers the rapid gas expansion in a gas-solid system. This design relied on the gas expansion mechanism has realized producing of high-quality MCNs via a rapid, high-throughput, and cost-effective way. Due to high surface utilization and low weight density, when served as a lightweight separator coating layer, MCNs exhibit impressive capture ability toward polysulfides and achieve a high-stability lithium-sulfur battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yankai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhe Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Donghui Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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25
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Le TH, Oh Y, Kim H, Yoon H. Exfoliation of 2D Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications. Chemistry 2020; 26:6360-6401. [PMID: 32162404 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fascinating properties of single-layer graphene isolated by mechanical exfoliation have inspired extensive research efforts toward two-dimensional (2D) materials. Layered compounds serve as precursors for atomically thin 2D materials (briefly, 2D nanomaterials) owing to their strong intraplane chemical bonding but weak interplane van der Waals interactions. There are newly emerging 2D materials beyond graphene, and it is becoming increasingly important to develop cost-effective, scalable methods for producing 2D nanomaterials with controlled microstructures and properties. The variety of developed synthetic techniques can be categorized into two classes: bottom-up and top-down approaches. Of top-down approaches, the exfoliation of bulk 2D materials into single or few layers is the most common. This review highlights chemical and physical exfoliation methods that allow for the production of 2D nanomaterials in large quantities. In addition, remarkable examples of utilizing exfoliated 2D nanomaterials in energy and environmental applications are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Hai Le
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Yuree Oh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research &, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.,Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research &, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.,Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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26
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Kang J, Wang M, Lu C, Ke C, Liu P, Zhu J, Qiu F, Zhuang X. Platinum Atoms and Nanoparticles Embedded Porous Carbons for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071513. [PMID: 32224913 PMCID: PMC7177507 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the growing demand for energy and imminent environmental issues, hydrogen energy has attracted widespread attention as an alternative to traditional fossil energy. Platinum (Pt) catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a promising technology to produce hydrogen because the consumed electricity can be generated from renewable energy. To overcome the high cost of Pt, one effective strategy is decreasing the Pt nanoparticle (NP) size from submicron to nano-scale or even down to single atom level for efficient interacting water molecules. Herein, atomically dispersed Pt and ultra-fine Pt NPs embedded porous carbons were prepared through the pyrolysis of Pt porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymer. As-prepared electrocatalyst exhibit high HER activity with overpotential of down to 31 mV at 10 mA cm-2, and mass activity of up to 1.3 A mgPt-1 at overpotential of 100 mV, which is double of commercial Pt/C (0.66 A mgPt-1). Such promising performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the atomically dispersed Pt and ultra-fine Pt NPs. This work provides a new strategy to prepare porous carbons with both atomically dispersed metal active sites and corresponding metal NPs for various electrocatalysis, such as oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China;
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Mengjia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Chenbao Lu
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Changchun Ke
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (P.L.)
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (F.Q.); (X.Z.)
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (F.Q.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (F.Q.); (X.Z.)
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27
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Wang S, Hai X, Ding X, Jin S, Xiang Y, Wang P, Jiang B, Ichihara F, Oshikiri M, Meng X, Li Y, Matsuda W, Ma J, Seki S, Wang X, Huang H, Wada Y, Chen H, Ye J. Intermolecular cascaded π-conjugation channels for electron delivery powering CO 2 photoreduction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1149. [PMID: 32123173 PMCID: PMC7051963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreduction of CO2 to fuels offers a promising strategy for managing the global carbon balance using renewable solar energy. But the decisive process of oriented photogenerated electron delivery presents a considerable challenge. Here, we report the construction of intermolecular cascaded π-conjugation channels for powering CO2 photoreduction by modifying both intramolecular and intermolecular conjugation of conjugated polymers (CPs). This coordination of dual conjugation is firstly proved by theoretical calculations and transient spectroscopies, showcasing alkynyl-removed CPs blocking the delocalization of electrons and in turn delivering the localized electrons through the intermolecular cascaded channels to active sites. Therefore, the optimized CPs (N-CP-D) exhibiting CO evolution activity of 2247 μmol g−1 h−1 and revealing a remarkable enhancement of 138-times compared to unmodified CPs (N-CP-A). While conversion of CO2 to fuels may offer a bio-inspired means to renewably utilize fossil fuel emission, most materials demonstrate poor activities for CO2 reduction. Here, authors construct conjugated polymers that modulate photo-induced electron transfer to CO2 reduction catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyao Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xiao Hai
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Xing Ding
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shangbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Xiang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ichihara
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Mitsutake Oshikiri
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,International Center for Material Nanoarchitectnoics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0003, Japan
| | - Xianguang Meng
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yunxiang Li
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Wada
- Electroceramics Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Jinhua Ye
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan. .,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan. .,TJU-NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a unique class of materials that combine extended π-conjugation with a permanently microporous skeleton. Since their discovery in 2007, CMPs have become established as an important subclass of porous materials. A wide range of synthetic building blocks and network-forming reactions offers an enormous variety of CMPs with different properties and structures. This has allowed CMPs to be developed for gas adsorption and separations, chemical adsorption and encapsulation, heterogeneous catalysis, photoredox catalysis, light emittance, sensing, energy storage, biological applications, and solar fuels production. Here we review the progress of CMP research since its beginnings and offer an outlook for where these materials might be headed in the future. We also compare the prospect for CMPs against the growing range of conjugated crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Innovation Factory, University
of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, United Kingdom
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Fang Y, Li Y, Zhou F, Gu P, Liu J, Chen D, Li N, Xu Q, Lu J. An Efficient Photocatalyst Based on Black TiO 2 Nanoparticles and Porous Carbon with High Surface Area: Degradation of Antibiotics and Organic Pollutants in Water. Chempluschem 2020; 84:474-480. [PMID: 31943905 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Porous carbon (PC) materials with high surface area can separate electron-hole pairs and adsorb organic pollutants more effectively. A series of nanocomposites were prepared by anchoring black TiO2 nanoparticles (BTN) onto PC through a calcination process. Chemical and structural features of samples were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The resulting adsorption-photocatalysis synergistic effect led to a dramatically improved photocurrent for BTN@PCs, thus indicating the high photocatalytic performance toward water-soluble organic species. For instance, the degradation of tetracycline under visible light reached 90 %, which is higher than that for activated carbon doped onto BTN (57 %) without any additional agents. Moreover, the degradation of other antibiotics (such as oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin) and methylene blue were also studied, thus showing that this system has the potential to be used for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Peiyang Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jiadi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Najun Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
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30
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Taylor D, Dalgarno SJ, Xu Z, Vilela F. Conjugated porous polymers: incredibly versatile materials with far-reaching applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3981-4042. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses conjugated porous polymers and focuses on relating design principles and synthetic methods to key properties and applications such as (photo)catalysis, gas storage, chemical sensing, energy storage and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Taylor
- School of Engineering and Physical Science
- Heriot-Watt University
- Riccarton
- UK
| | - Scott J. Dalgarno
- School of Engineering and Physical Science
- Heriot-Watt University
- Riccarton
- UK
| | - Zhengtao Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Filipe Vilela
- School of Engineering and Physical Science
- Heriot-Watt University
- Riccarton
- UK
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31
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Chen Y, Qiu W, Sun J, Li S, Bai G, Li S, Sun C, Pang S. Synthesis of flowerlike carbon nanosheets from hydrothermally carbonized glucose: an in situ self-generating template strategy. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37355-37364. [PMID: 35542285 PMCID: PMC9075758 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08196h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable in situ self-generating template strategy has been developed for the synthesis of flowerlike carbon nanosheets by hydrothermal carbonization in the presence of both silica and zinc acetate using glucose as the carbon source. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption isotherm measurement (BET) and element analysis revealed the morphology, crystal phase structure, porosity and chemical composition. The formation of the zinc silicate nanosheet template was due to the hydrolysis of amorphous silica and self-assembly under hydrothermal conditions. The resulting flowerlike carbon nanosheets proved to be an excellent palladium catalyst support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Materials Science & Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Wenge Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, College of Enviromental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, College of Enviromental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Shining Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, College of Enviromental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Guangmei Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, College of Enviromental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Shenghua Li
- School of Materials Science & Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Chenghui Sun
- School of Materials Science & Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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32
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Sandoval S, Fuertes A, Tobias G. Solvent-free functionalisation of graphene oxide with amide and amine groups at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12196-12199. [PMID: 31549111 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new solvent free protocol is presented to introduce amide and amine functionalities (N-aliphatic groups) onto graphene oxide in an energy efficient manner. Nitrogen contents of 3.6 wt% are obtained in only 5 minutes at room temperature by using ammonia gas as the nitrogen source for the ammonolysis of graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sandoval
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Amparo Fuertes
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Gerard Tobias
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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33
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Zhang N, Wang T, Bu X, Wu Q, Zhang Z. Preparation of few‐layer two‐dimensional polymers by self‐assembly of bola‐amphiphilic small molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
| | - Taisheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohai Bu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
| | - Zewu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing 211167 People's Republic of China
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34
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Huang J, Xiao Y, Peng Z, Xu Y, Li L, Tan L, Yuan K, Chen Y. Co 3O 4 Supraparticle-Based Bubble Nanofiber and Bubble Nanosheet with Remarkable Electrochemical Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900107. [PMID: 31380162 PMCID: PMC6662086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hollow nanostructures based on transition metal oxides (TMOs) with high surface-to-volumetric ratio, low density, and high loading capacity have received great attention for energy-related applications. However, the controllable fabrication of hybrid TMO-based hollow nanostructures in a simple and scalable manner remains challenging. Herein, a simple and scalable strategy is used to prepare hierarchical carbon nanofiber (CNF)-based bubble-nanofiber-structured and reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-based bubble-nanosheet-structured Co3O4 hollow supraparticle (HSP) composites (denoted as CNF/HSP-Co3O4 and RGO/HSP-Co3O4, respectively) by solution self-assembly of ultrasmall Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) assisting with polydopamine (PDA) modification. It is proved that the electrochemical performance of Co3O4 NPs can be greatly enhanced by the rationally designed nanostructure of bubble-like supraparticles combined with carbon materials as excellent electrodes for supercapacitors. The favorable structure and composition endow the hybrid electrode with high specific capacitance (1435 F g-1/1360 F g-1 at 1 A g-1/5 mV s-1) as well as fantastic rate capability. The asymmetric supercapacitors achieve an excellent maximum energy density of 51 W h kg-1 and superb electrochemical stability (92.3% retention after 10 000 cycles). This work suggests that the rational design of electrode materials with bubble-like superstructures provides an opportunity for achieving high-performance electrode materials for advanced energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)Nanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
| | - Yingbo Xiao
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)Nanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
| | - Zhongyou Peng
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)Nanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)Nanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
| | - Longbin Li
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)Nanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)Nanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
| | - Kai Yuan
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)Nanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)Nanchang University999 Xuefu AvenueNanchang330031China
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36
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Stergiou A, Perivoliotis DK, Tagmatarchis N. (Photo)electrocatalysis of molecular oxygen reduction by S-doped graphene decorated with a star-shaped oligothiophene. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7335-7346. [PMID: 30938747 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped graphene-based materials attract great interest as non-metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, a straightforward approach was described to prepare nanoensembles of star-shaped oligothiophene 1 supramolecularly immobilized on sulfur-doped graphene sheets (SG). The 1/SG ensemble was comprehensively characterized by Raman and IR spectroscopy and morphologically imaged by HR-TEM, while the loading of 1 onto SG was estimated by TGA under an inert atmosphere. Based on detailed electrochemical and electrocatalytic assays, 1/SG was proved to be a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst toward the ORR. The high catalytic activity of 1/SG was attributed to the (a) presence of chemical defects, induced by the insertion of electron rich sulfur within the lattice of SG, (b) existence of structural defects, due to the generation of vacancies along the carbon lattice in SG, and (c) high and homogeneous coverage of the SG surface by the sulfur-rich star-shaped oligothiophene 1. In addition, the optical properties of 1/SG were screened by UV-Vis and steady-state and time-resolved PL and the development of strong photoinduced intra-ensemble electronic interactions within the ensemble was revealed. Exploiting the latter, by photoirradiating 1/SG, a significantly improved photoelectrocatalytic activity towards the ORR was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitris K Perivoliotis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
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37
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Zhong G, Xie H, Xu Z, Xu S, Xu S, Cai Z, Fu X, Liao W, Miao R. Calcium Chloride Activation of Mung Bean: A Low‐Cost, Green Route to N‐Doped Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Haomin Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Sanyou Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Shurui Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Zhuodi Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Xiaobo Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Rongrong Miao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy TechnologyKey Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
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38
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Bellani S, Antognazza MR, Bonaccorso F. Carbon-Based Photocathode Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801446. [PMID: 30221413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is considered a promising environmentally friendly energy carrier for replacing traditional fossil fuels. In this context, photoelectrochemical cells effectively convert solar energy directly to H2 fuel by water photoelectrolysis, thereby monolitically combining the functions of both light harvesting and electrolysis. In such devices, photocathodes and photoanodes carry out the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Here, the focus is on photocathodes for HER, traditionally based on metal oxides, III-V group and II-VI group semiconductors, silicon, and copper-based chalcogenides as photoactive material. Recently, carbon-based materials have emerged as reliable alternatives to the aforementioned materials. A perspective on carbon-based photocathodes is provided here, critically analyzing recent research progress and outlining the major guidelines for the development of efficient and stable photocathode architectures. In particular, the functional role of charge-selective and protective layers, which enhance both the efficiency and the durability of the photocathodes, is discussed. An in-depth evaluation of the state-of-the-art fabrication of photocathodes through scalable, high-troughput, cost-effective methods is presented. The major aspects on the development of light-trapping nanostructured architectures are also addressed. Finally, the key challenges on future research directions in terms of potential performance and manufacturability of photocathodes are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- BeDimensional Srl, via Albisola 121, 16163, Genova, Italy
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39
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Wang S, Xu M, Peng T, Zhang C, Li T, Hussain I, Wang J, Tan B. Porous hypercrosslinked polymer-TiO 2-graphene composite photocatalysts for visible-light-driven CO 2 conversion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:676. [PMID: 30737395 PMCID: PMC6368626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts have been devoted to develop efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 to chemical fuels. The photocatalytic efficiency for this transformation largely depends on CO2 adsorption and diffusion. However, the CO2 adsorption on the surface of photocatalysts is generally low due to their low specific surface area and the lack of matched pores. Here we report a well-defined porous hypercrosslinked polymer-TiO2-graphene composite structure with relatively high surface area i.e., 988 m2 g-1 and CO2 uptake capacity i.e., 12.87 wt%. This composite shows high photocatalytic performance especially for CH4 production, i.e., 27.62 μmol g-1 h-1, under mild reaction conditions without the use of sacrificial reagents or precious metal co-catalysts. The enhanced CO2 reactivity can be ascribed to their improved CO2 adsorption and diffusion, visible-light absorption, and photo-generated charge separation efficiency. This strategy provides new insights into the combination of microporous organic polymers with photocatalysts for solar-to-fuel conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyou Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Bayi Road No. 299, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bien Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China.
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40
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Jia P, Hu T, He Q, Cao X, Ma J, Fan J, Chen Q, Ding Y, Pyun J, Geng J. Synthesis of a Macroporous Conjugated Polymer Framework: Iron Doping for Highly Stable, Highly Efficient Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3087-3097. [PMID: 30586280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Porous conjugated polymers offer enormous potential for energy storage because of the combined features of pores and extended π-conjugated structures. However, the drawbacks such as low pore volumes and insolubilities of micro- and mesoporous conjugated polymers restrict the loading of electroactive materials and thus energy storage performance. Herein, we report the synthesis of iron-doped macroporous conjugated polymers for hosting sulfur as the cathode of high-performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The macroporous conjugated polymers are synthesized via in situ growth of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) from reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets, followed by gelation of the composite (RGO- g-P3HT) in p-xylene and freeze-drying. The network structures of the macroporous materials can be readily tuned by controlling the chain length of P3HT grafted to RGO sheets. The large pore volumes of the macroporous RGO- g-P3HT materials (ca. 34 cm3 g-1) make them excellent frameworks for hosting sulfur as cathodes of Li-S batteries. Furthermore, incorporation of Fe into the macroporous RGO- g-P3HT cathode results in reduced polarization, enhanced specific capacity (1,288, 1,103, and 907 mA h g-1 at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 C, respectively), and improved cycling stability (765 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C). Density functional theory calculations and in situ characterizations suggest that incorporation of Fe enhances the interactions between lithium polysulfides and the P3HT framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jia
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road , Haidian District, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Tianding Hu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130023 , China
| | - Qingbin He
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Xiao Cao
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 15 Beisanhuan East Road , Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Jingbiao Fan
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 15 Beisanhuan East Road , Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Quan Chen
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Yihong Ding
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130023 , China
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona , 1306 East University Boulevard , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Jianxin Geng
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road , Haidian District, Beijing 100190 , China
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 15 Beisanhuan East Road , Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029 , China
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41
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Chronopoulos DD, Medved' M, Błoński P, Nováček Z, Jakubec P, Tomanec O, Bakandritsos A, Novotná V, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. Alkynylation of graphene via the Sonogashira C-C cross-coupling reaction on fluorographene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1088-1091. [PMID: 30620024 PMCID: PMC6350624 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08492k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report successful grafting of alkynyl groups onto graphene via the Sonogashira reaction between fluorographene and terminal alkynes.
We report successful grafting of alkynyl groups onto graphene via the Sonogashira reaction between fluorographene and terminal alkynes. Theoretical calculations revealed that fluorographene can efficiently bind and oxidize the palladium catalyst on electrophilic sites activated by fluorine atoms. This paves the way towards conductive and mechanically robust 3D covalent networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios D Chronopoulos
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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42
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Xu S, Wang G, Biswal BP, Addicoat M, Paasch S, Sheng W, Zhuang X, Brunner E, Heine T, Berger R, Feng X. A Nitrogen‐Rich 2D sp
2
‐Carbon‐Linked Conjugated Polymer Framework as a High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:849-853. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bishnu P. Biswal
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
- Present address: Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research Stuttgart Germany
| | - Matthew Addicoat
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryLeipzig University Germany
- Present address: Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
| | - Silvia Paasch
- Chair of Bioanalytical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Chair of Bioanalytical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryLeipzig University Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
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43
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Xu Y, Cui D, Zhang S, Xu G, Su Z. Facile synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer-based porphyrin units for adsorption of CO2 and organic vapors. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01476k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two porphyrin-based CMPs as multifunctional absorbents exhibit high CO2 selectivity over N2 and CH4 and good capacity for organic vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Local United Engineering Lab for Power Batteries
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- People's Republic of China
| | - Di Cui
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
| | - Guangjuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Local United Engineering Lab for Power Batteries
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- People's Republic of China
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44
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Mai W, Zuo Y, Zhang X, Leng K, Liu R, Chen L, Lin X, Lin Y, Fu R, Wu D. A versatile bottom-up interface self-assembly strategy to hairy nanoparticle-based 2D monolayered composite and functional nanosheets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10241-10244. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04664j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A universal bottom-up interface self-assembly strategy for fabricating hairy nanoparticle-based 2D monolayered composite and functional nanosheets was presented.
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45
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Liu J, Ren X, Kang X, He X, Wei P, Wen Y, Li X. Fabrication of nitrogen-rich three-dimensional porous carbon composites with nanosheets and hollow spheres for efficient supercapacitors. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00536f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Rich 3D porous carbon composites with nanosheets and hollow spheres have been fabricated for efficient supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
| | - Xu Kang
- School of Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Xiong He
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
| | - Peicheng Wei
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Xin Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
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46
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Zan Y, Zhang Z, Dou M, Wang F. Enhancement mechanism of sulfur dopants on the catalytic activity of N and P co-doped three-dimensional hierarchically porous carbon as a metal-free oxygen reduction electrocatalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus ternary-doped cattle-bone-derived hierarchically porous carbon metal-free electrocatalyst was synthesized, exhibiting superior oxygen reduction performance compared to Pt/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Zhengping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Meiling Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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47
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Zhu J, Yang C, Lu C, Zhang F, Yuan Z, Zhuang X. Two-Dimensional Porous Polymers: From Sandwich-like Structure to Layered Skeleton. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:3191-3202. [PMID: 30411885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic porous materials have long dominated the field of porous materials due to their stable structure and wide applications. In the past decade, porous polymers have generated considerable interest among researchers because of their easily tunable porosity, carbon-rich backbones, and prominent physical properties. These attributes enable porous polymers to be used in various applications such as sensing, gas separation and storage, catalysis, and energy storage. However, poor dispersibility has long hindered the development of porous polymers. A majority of the reported porous polymers can only be synthesized with amorphous structure through direct precipitation from solutions during reactions. The rational design and synthesis of porous polymers with controllable morphology, such as two-dimensional (2D) morphology, remains great challenge. Two-dimensional nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest because of their unique properties, which originate from the intrinsic chemical structures and 2D dimensionality. Among 2D nanomaterials, 2D porous polymers, which possess the advanced features of polymers, porous materials, and 2D nanomaterials, have been a rising star. Conventionally, polymerization strategies for generating 2D porous polymers mainly include the cross-linking of multiarmed monomers in 2D-space-confined environments, such as crystalline solid surfaces, liquid-liquid interfaces, and liquid-air interfaces. However, these methods always involve complicate operations, e.g., under vacuum, sophisticated equipment, film transfer technology, exfoliation, and so on and, most importantly, are difficult to scale up. To overcome this synthesis obstacle, 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, can be used as 2D templates for synthesis of sandwich-like 2D porous polymers and porous carbon nanosheets. p-Bromobenzene-, p-cyanobenzene-, polyacrylonitrile-, and amino-functionalized graphene are used as templates for direct surface polymerization through reactions such as Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction, condensation reaction, ionothermal reaction, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, Friedel-Crafts reaction, and oxidation reaction. Therefore, sandwich-like 2D conjugated microporous polymers, Schiff-base type porous polymers, covalent triazine frameworks, hyper-cross-linked porous polymers, and mesoporous conducting polymers can be easily prepared. Beyond graphene, other excellent 2D nanomaterials, e.g., MoS2, can also act 2D templates to construct 2D porous polymers and corresponding hybrid materials. In addition, 2D morphology for porous polymer can be achieved without 2D templates in a few cases. For instance, olefin-linkage-linked covalent organic frameworks can be synthesized through Knoevenagel condensation reaction. As is known, porous polymers can serve as carbon-rich precursors to generate heteroatom doped porous carbons for energy storage and catalysis. Thus, one benefit of 2D porous polymers is new access toward porous carbon nanosheets through direct pyrolysis without using inorganic porous templates. In this Account, we summarize recent research on 2D porous polymers and corresponding porous carbon nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhu
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenbao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Yuan
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, P. R. China
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48
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Xu S, Wang G, Biswal BP, Addicoat M, Paasch S, Sheng W, Zhuang X, Brunner E, Heine T, Berger R, Feng X. A Nitrogen‐Rich 2D sp
2
‐Carbon‐Linked Conjugated Polymer Framework as a High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bishnu P. Biswal
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
- Present address: Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research Stuttgart Germany
| | - Matthew Addicoat
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryLeipzig University Germany
- Present address: Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
| | - Silvia Paasch
- Chair of Bioanalytical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Chair of Bioanalytical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryLeipzig University Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01069 Dresden Germany
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49
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Chen Y, Liu F, Qiu F, Lu C, Kang J, Zhao D, Han S, Zhuang X. Cobalt-Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets Derived from 2D Hypercrosslinked Polymer with CoN₄ for High Performance Electrochemical Capacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10121339. [PMID: 30961264 PMCID: PMC6401960 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt-doped graphene-coupled hypercrosslinked polymers (Co-GHCP) have been successfully prepared on a large scale, using an efficient RAFT (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization) emulsion polymerization and nucleophilic substitution reaction with Co (II) porphyrin. The Co-GHCP could be transformed into cobalt-doped porous carbon nanosheets (Co-GPC) through direct pyrolysis treatment. Such a Co-GPC possesses a typical 2D morphology with a high specific surface area of 257.8 m² g-1. These intriguing properties of transition metal-doping, high conductivity, and porous structure endow the Co-GPC with great potential applications in energy storage and conversion. Utilized as an electrode material in a supercapacitor, the Co-GPC exhibited a high electrochemical capacitance of 455 F g-1 at a specific current of 0.5 A g-1. After 2000 charge/discharge cycles, at a current density of 1 A g-1, the specific capacitance increased by almost 6.45%, indicating the excellent capacitance and durability of Co-GPC. These results demonstrated that incorporation of metal porphyrin into the framework of a hypercrosslinked polymer is a facile strategy to prepare transition metal-doped porous carbon for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhai Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Fengru Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Chenbao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jialing Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Doudou Zhao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Sheng Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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50
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Feng J, Dou M, Zhang Z, Wang F. Template-Free Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Fe/N Codoped Carbon Networks as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37079-37086. [PMID: 30285409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A direct pyrolysis and template-free synthesis strategy is demonstrated to synthesize the two-dimensional (2-D) Fe/N codoped carbon networks by virtue of 2-D graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) intermediates derived from melamine. Because of the stabilization and steric hindrance of additional N ligands with bisnitrogen-containing groups (phenanthroline, phthalonitrile, and phenylenediamine), the thin graphitic-layered Fe/N codoped carbon materials have successfully inherited the 2-D morphology from the g-C3N4 intermediate after direct carbonization treatment. After the easy removal of inactive Fe particles, the resultant sample exhibits numerous well-dispersed Fe atoms embedded in the carbon layers with a hierarchical (meso- and micro-) porous structure. Owing to the high active site density and open porous structure, the thin graphitic-layered Fe/N codoped carbon electrocatalysts exhibit superior oxygen reduction reaction performance (a half-wave potential of 0.88 V and a kinetics current density of 3.8 mA cm-2), even better than the commercial Pt/C catalysts (0.85 V and 1.6 mA cm-2, respectively). The facile and effective synthesis strategy without template to build the graphene-like nanoarchitectures inherited from the 2-D intermediates will lead to a great development of 2-D carbon materials in various electrochemical applications.
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