1
|
Lindner MM, Alachraf MW, Mitschke B, Schulze P, Leutzsch M, List B. Toward a Formyl-to-Phenyl Conversion: An Unexpected Photochemical Fulvene Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303119. [PMID: 37329283 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Toward a conversion of aldehydes into arenes, we designed a sequence involving the initial reaction of an aldehyde to give a fulvene, followed by photochemical and platinum-catalyzed rearrangements into a Dewar benzene derivative, which finally isomerizes into the targeted arene. While computational studies support the plausibility of this route, we found that fulvene irradiation resulted in an unexpected isomerization into a spiro[2.4]heptadiene. This unusual photorearrangement has been investigated mechanistically and provides access to a variety of spiro[2.4]heptadienes with different substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - M Wasim Alachraf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mitschke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Philipp Schulze
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Shi F, Qi C, Xu W, Xiong W, Kang B, Jiang H. Stereodivergent synthesis of β-iodoenol carbamates with CO 2 via photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11821-11830. [PMID: 34659721 PMCID: PMC8442729 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals is of great significance from the viewpoint of green chemistry and sustainable development. Here, we report a stereodivergent synthesis of β-iodoenol carbamates through a photocatalytic three-component coupling of ethynylbenziodoxolones, CO2 and amines. By choosing appropriate photocatalysts, both Z- and E-isomers of β-iodoenol carbamates, which are difficult to prepare using existing methods, can be obtained stereoselectively. This transformation featured mild conditions, excellent functional group compatibility and broad substrate scope. The potential synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals as well as by elaborating the products to access a wide range of valuable compounds. More importantly, this strategy could provide a general and practical method for stereodivergent construction of trisubstituted alkenes such as triarylalkenes, which represents a fascinating challenge in the field of organic chemistry research. A series of mechanism investigations revealed that the transformation might proceed through a charge-transfer complex which might be formed through a halogen bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Fuxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Bangxiong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meitinger N, Mengele AK, Witas K, Kupfer S, Rau S, Nauroozi D. Tetraaryl Cyclopentadienones: Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Negative Solvatochromism and Electrochemistry. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Meitinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | | | - Kamil Witas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahrens A, Schwarz J, Lustosa DM, Pourkaveh R, Hoffmann M, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis of Fulvene Vinyl Ethers by Gold Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:5280-5287. [PMID: 32092204 PMCID: PMC7216831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed cyclization of 1,5-diynes with ketones as reagents and solvent provides diversely substituted vinyl ethers under mild conditions. The regioselectivity of such gold-catalyzed cyclizations is usually controlled by the scaffold of the diyne. Herein, we report the first solvent-controlled switching of regioselectivity from a 6-endo-dig- to 5-endo-dig-cyclization in these transformations, providing fulvene derivatives. With respect to the functional-group tolerance, aryl fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and ethers are tolerated. Furthermore, the mechanism and selectivity are put to scrutiny by experimental studies and a thermodynamic analysis of the product. Additionally, 6-(vinyloxy)fulvenes are a hitherto unknown class of compounds. Their reactivity is briefly evaluated, to give insights into their potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ahrens
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Julia Schwarz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Danilo M. Lustosa
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Raheleh Pourkaveh
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural ProductsDepartment of ChemistrySharif University of TechnologyAzadi StreetPO Box 111559516TehranIran
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schraff S, Sun Y, Pammer F. Fulvenyl-Functionalized Polyisocyanides: Cross-Conjugated Electrochromic Polymers with Variable Optical and Electrochemical Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schraff
- Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Technische
Universität
Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Preethalayam P, Krishnan KS, Thulasi S, Chand SS, Joseph J, Nair V, Jaroschik F, Radhakrishnan KV. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Pentafulvenes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:3930-3989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preethanuj Preethalayam
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - K. Syam Krishnan
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Sreeja Thulasi
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - S. Sarath Chand
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Jomy Joseph
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
| | - Vijay Nair
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
| | - K. V. Radhakrishnan
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Irie H, Nishida JI, Kitamura C, Kurata H, Kawase T. syn-Dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene-1,8-dione and Its Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivative: New Electron Acceptors Bearing a π-Extended Indacene Unit. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Irie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Jun-ichi Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Chitoshi Kitamura
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Hiroyuki Kurata
- Department of Environmental and Food Science, Faculty of Environmental and Information Science, Fukui University of Technology
| | - Takeshi Kawase
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
New reactivity of 6,6-bis-donor-substituted pentafulvenes: one-step synthesis of highly substituted [3]cumulene and dihydropentalene. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Finke AD, Jahn BO, Saithalavi A, Dahlstrand C, Nauroozi D, Haberland S, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Mijangos E, Schweizer WB, Ott S, Ottosson H, Diederich F. The 6,6-Dicyanopentafulvene Core: A Template for the Design of Electron-Acceptor Compounds. Chemistry 2015; 21:8168-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
10
|
Finke AD, Diederich F. 6,6-Dicyanopentafulvenes: teaching an old dog new tricks. CHEM REC 2014; 15:19-30. [PMID: 25308196 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
6,6-Dicyanopentafulvene (DCF) is a fascinating molecular entity that consists of a cyclopentadiene ring conjugated to an exocyclic double bond bearing two cyano groups on its periphery. Herein, we give a brief history of the chemistry of DCFs prior to our arrival to the field in 2011, followed by a summary of our work. We show how substitution on the ring and the exocyclic bond affects the HOMO and LUMO energies of pentafulvenes and how the design of DCFs was exploited computationally for the first time. Shortly after the report of the first rational synthesis of DCFs, we discovered that DCFs had a vast and astonishing array of reactivities to form new molecular entities. Simple, catalyst-free reactions between DCF acceptors and electron-rich donors led to the formation of scaffolds of exceptional complexity. Furthermore, our discovery that DCFs are capable of undergoing mild pentafulvene-to-benzene rearrangements challenges previous conventions of fulvene chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Finke
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sinu CR, Suresh E, Nair V. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reaction of Cinnamils Leading to the Formation of 2,3,8-Triaryl Vinyl Fulvenes: An Uncommon Transformation. Org Lett 2013; 15:6230-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Sinu
- Organic Chemistry Section National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum - 695 019, India, and Analytical Department and Centralized Instrument Facility CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar - 364 002, India
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Organic Chemistry Section National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum - 695 019, India, and Analytical Department and Centralized Instrument Facility CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar - 364 002, India
| | - Vijay Nair
- Organic Chemistry Section National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum - 695 019, India, and Analytical Department and Centralized Instrument Facility CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar - 364 002, India
| |
Collapse
|