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Xue Y, Jiang S, Zhong H, Chen Z, Wang F. Photo‐Induced Polymer Cyclization via Supramolecular Confinement of Cyanostilbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Sixun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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2
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Aoki S, Tsurumaki E, Yamashina M, Wakamatsu K, Toyota S. Structure and Photophysical Properties of 1,1,2,2-Tetra(1-anthryl)ethane: A C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) Bond Substituted with Four Anthracene Units. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100447. [PMID: 34811962 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The title aromatic compound comprising four anthracene units was synthesized by the McMurry coupling of di(1-anthryl) ketone as a hydrogenated product in 65 % yield. The molecule forms a C2 symmetric structure with the ap conformation about the C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) single bond, as revealed by X-ray analysis and DFT calculations. The UV/vis and fluorescence spectra of this compound were compared with those of anthracene, di(1-anthryl)methane, and 1,2-di(1-anthryl)ethane. The fluorescence spectrum showed a broad emission band at 450 nm having a long lifetime at 21 ns, which was assignable to an excimer-type emission, in contrast to the other reference compounds. The characteristic photophysical property is discussed in terms of the molecular structure with the aid of the noncovalent interaction plots and the conformational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Aoki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashina
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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3
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Kovalev I, Taniya O, Sadieva L, Volkova N, Minin A, Grzhegorzhevskii K, Gorbunov E, Zyryanov G, Chupakhin O, Charushin V, Tsurkan M. Bola-type PAH-based fluorophores/chemosensors: Synthesis via an unusual clemmensen reduction and photophysical studies. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Fudickar W, Roder P, Listek M, Hanack K, Linker T. Pyridinium Alkynylanthracenes as Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:193-201. [PMID: 34719028 DOI: 10.1111/php.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a mild but effective method to treat certain types of cancer upon irradiation with visible light. Here, three isomeric methylpyridinium alkynylanthracenes 1o─p were evaluated as sensitizers for PDT. Upon irradiation with blue or green light, all three compounds show the ability to initiate strand breaks of plasmid DNA. The mayor species responsible for cleavage is singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) as confirmed by scavenging reagents. Only isomers 1m and 1p can be incorporated into HeLa cells, whereas isomer 1o cannot permeate through the membrane. While isomer 1m targets the cell nucleus, isomer 1p assembles in the cellular cytoplasm and impacts the cellular integrity. This is in accordance with a moderate toxicity of 1p in the dark, whereas 1m exhibits no dark toxicity. Both isomers are suitable as PDT reagents, with a CC50 of 3 μm and 75 nm, for 1p and 1m, respectively. Thus, derivative 1m, which can be easily synthesized, becomes an interesting candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fudickar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Phillip Roder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Listek
- Department of Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Hanack
- Department of Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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5
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Xue Y, Jiang S, Zhong H, Chen Z, Wang F. Photo-Induced Polymer Cyclization via Supramolecular Confinement of Cyanostilbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110766. [PMID: 34714571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient synthesis of cyclic polymers has received much attention in polymer chemistry field. Although photochemical cycloaddition of terminal π-bonded units provides a plausible way toward cyclic polymerization, it remains challenging to avoid side reactions by manipulating the reaction selectivity. Herein supramolecular confinement has been developed as a promising strategy to address this issue, by introducing highly directional hydrogen bonds to the photo-reactive cyanostilbenes. The cyanostilbenes units on both ends of a telechelic macromonomer are orientationally aligned with high local concentrations, yielding [2+2] photo-cycloaddition products upon 430 nm light irradiation. It leads to the formation of cyclic polymers in the self-assembled state, in stark contrast to Z-E isomerization of cyanostilbenes in the monomeric state. Overall, supramolecular confinement effect exemplified in the current study provides new avenues toward cyclic topological polymers with high synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Sixun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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6
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De Bonfils P, Verron E, Nun P, Coeffard V. Photoinduced Storage and Thermal Release of Singlet Oxygen from 1,2‐Dihydropyridine Endoperoxides. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul De Bonfils
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230 Université de Nantes 44000 Nantes France
| | - Elise Verron
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230 Université de Nantes 44000 Nantes France
| | - Pierrick Nun
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230 Université de Nantes 44000 Nantes France
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Niermeier P, Lamm J, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. A Rational Approach to Tetra-Functional Photo-Switches. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:304-315. [PMID: 30886788 PMCID: PMC6401664 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
α,ω-Bis(1,8-dichloroanthracen-10-yl)alkanes with (CH2) n -linker units (n=1-4) were synthesized starting from 1,8-dichloroanthracen-10(9H)-one. This was transformed into anthracenes with allyl, bromomethyl and propargyl substituents in position 10; these were converted in various C-C-bond formation reactions (plus hydrogenation), leading to two anthracene units flexibly linked by α,ω-alkandiyl groups. 1,2-Ethandiyl- and 1,3-propandiyl-linked derivatives were functionalized with ethynyl groups in positions 1, 8, 1' and 8', and these terminally functionalized by Me3Sn groups using Me2NSnMe3. All linked bisanthracenes were subjected to UV light induced cyclomerization and a series of 9,10 : 9',10'-photo-cyclomers were obtained. Their thermal cycloreversion and (repeated) switchability was demonstrated. 1,3-Bis{1,8-bis[(trimethylstannyl)ethynyl]anthracen-10-yl}propane served as model compound for photo-switchable acceptor molecules and its open and closed forms were characterized by NMR and DOSY experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niermeier
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Universitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Jan‐Hendrik Lamm
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Universitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Universitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Universitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Universitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare Materialien CM2Universitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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8
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Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of three metalla-rectangles of the general formula [Ru4(η6-p-cymene)4(μ4-clip)2(μ2-Lanthr)2][CF3SO3]4 (Lanthr: 9,10-bis(3,3’-ethynylpyridyl) anthracene; clip = oxa: oxalato; dobq: 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzoquinonato; donq: 5,8-dioxido-1,4-naphthoquinonato) are presented. The molecular structure of the metalla-rectangle [Ru4(η6-p-cymene)4(μ4-oxa)2(μ2-Lanthr)2]4+ has been confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of [Ru4(η6-p-cymene)4(μ4-oxa)2(μ2-Lanthr)2][CF3SO3]4 · 4 acetone (A2 · 4 acetone), thus showing the anthracene moieties to be available for reaction with oxygen. While the formation of the endoperoxide form of Lanthr was observed in solution upon white light irradiation, the same reaction does not occur when Lanthr is part of the metalla-assemblies.
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9
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Fudickar W, Linker T. Release of Singlet Oxygen from Organic Peroxides under Mild Conditions. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fudickar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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10
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Boggio-Pasqua M, López Vidal M, Garavelli M. Theoretical mechanistic study of self-sensitized photo-oxygenation and singlet oxygen thermal release in a dimethyldihydropyrene derivative. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Bauch
- Department of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Dominique Böttcher
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis; University of Greifswald; Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis; University of Greifswald; Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Bauch
- Chemistry Department; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 D-14476 Golm Germany
| | - Matthias Klaper
- Chemistry Department; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 D-14476 Golm Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Chemistry Department; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 D-14476 Golm Germany
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13
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Klaper M, Wessig P, Linker T. Base catalysed decomposition of anthracene endoperoxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1210-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08606j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthracene endoperoxide (EPO) decomposes even under very mild basic conditions to anthraquinone (AQ) and hydrogen peroxide by an interesting mechanism, proposed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Klaper
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - P. Wessig
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - T. Linker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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14
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Abstract
The intramolecular transfer of energy (FRET) and electrons (Dexter) are of great interest for the scientific community and are well-understood. In contrast, the intramolecular transfer of singlet oxygen ((1)O2), a reactive and short-lived oxygen species, has until now been unknown. This process would be very interesting because (1)O2 plays an important role in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we present the first successful intramolecular transfer of (1)O2 from a donor to acceptor. Also, we found a dependence of conformation and temperature comparable with those of FRET. We provide several pieces of evidence for the intramolecular character of this transfer, including competition experiments. Our studies should be interesting not only from the theoretical and mechanistic point of view but also for the design of new (1)O2 donors and applications in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klaper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , 14476 Golm, Germany
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15
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Nogami E, Yamazaki T, Kubota T, Yajima T. Stereochemical Investigation of the Products of the Photoinduced Perfluoroalkylation–Dimerization of Anthracene. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9208-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Nogami
- Department
of Chemistry, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department
of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi 316-851, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department
of Chemistry, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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16
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Cobo S, Lafolet F, Saint-Aman E, Philouze C, Bucher C, Silvi S, Credi A, Royal G. Reactivity of a pyridinium-substituted dimethyldihydropyrene switch under aerobic conditions: self-sensitized photo-oxygenation and thermal release of singlet oxygen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reversible photo-switch is converted into an endoperoxide when irradiated with red light under air. This photo-produced species thermally releases 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Cobo
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS-5250
- 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | - Frédéric Lafolet
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS-5250
- 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | - Eric Saint-Aman
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS-5250
- 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | - Christian Philouze
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS-5250
- 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR 5182)
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon/CNRS Université de Lyon 1
- Lyon
- France
| | - Serena Silvi
- Photochemical Nanosciences Laboratory and SolarChem Center
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Photochemical Nanosciences Laboratory and SolarChem Center
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Guy Royal
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- UMR CNRS-5250
- 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
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Collins CG, Lee JM, Oliver AG, Wiest O, Smith BD. Internal and external stereoisomers of squaraine rotaxane endoperoxide: synthesis, chemical differences, and structural revision. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1120-30. [PMID: 24428682 DOI: 10.1021/jo402564k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photooxygenation of permanently interlocked squaraine rotaxanes with anthracene-containing macrocycles produces the corresponding squaraine rotaxane endoperoxides (SREPs) quantitatively. SREPs are stored at low temperature, and upon warming, they undergo clean cycloreversion, releasing singlet oxygen and emitting light. The structural elucidation in 2010 assigned the structure as the SREP-int stereoisomer, with the endoperoxide unit directed inside the macrocycle cavity. New experimental and computational evidence reported here proves that the initial, kinetic photooxygenation product is the less stable SREP-ext stereoisomer with the endoperoxide unit directed outside the macrocycle. The photophysical properties and subsequent reactivity of mechanically strained SREP-ext depend on the size of the end groups of the encapsulated squaraine dye. If the end groups are sufficiently large to prevent dissociation of the interlocked components, the strained SREP-ext stereoisomer undergoes clean thermal cycloreversion. However, smaller squaraine end groups allow transient dissociation, resulting in a pseudorotaxane dissociation/association process that produces SREP-int as the thermodynamic stereoisomer that does not cyclorevert. The large difference in endoperoxide reactivity for the two SREP stereoisomers illustrates the power of the mechanical bond to induce cross-component steric strain and selective enhancement of a specific reaction pathway. The new insight enabled synthetic development of triptycene-containing squaraine rotaxanes with high fluorescence quantum yields and large Stokes shifts.
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