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Kehner R, Zhang G, Bayeh-Romero L. Mild Divergent Semireductive Transformations of Secondary and Tertiary Amides via Zirconocene Hydride Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4921-4927. [PMID: 36809854 PMCID: PMC10000628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The mild catalytic partial reduction of amides to imines has proven to be a challenging synthetic transformation, with many transition metals directly reducing these substrates to amines. Herein, we report a mild, catalytic method for the semireduction of both secondary and tertiary amides via zirconocene hydride catalysis. Utilizing just 5 mol % of Cp2ZrCl2, the reductive deoxygenation of secondary amides is demonstrated to furnish a diverse array of imines in up to 94% yield with excellent chemoselectivity and without the need for glovebox handling. Moreover, a novel reductive transamination of tertiary amides is also achievable when the catalytic protocol is carried out in the presence of a primary amine at room temperature, providing access to an expanded assortment of imines in up to 98% yield. Through slight procedural tuning, the single-flask conversion of amides to imines, aldehydes, amines or enamines is feasible, including multicomponent syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
A. Kehner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Liela Bayeh-Romero
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
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2
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Courant T, Gavel M, Renard RMQ, Gandon V, Joosten AYP, Lecourt T. Zirconium-Catalyzed Hydroalumination of C═O Bonds: Site-Selective De- O-acetylation of Peracetylated Compounds and Mechanistic Insights. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9280-9288. [PMID: 34125557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented hydroalumination of C ═ O bonds catalyzed by zirconocene dichloride is reported herein and applied to the site-selective deprotection of peracetylated functional substrates. A mixed metal hydride, with 1:1 zirconium/aluminum stoichiometry, is also shown to be the reductive species. A catalytic cycle is finally proposed for this transformation with no precedent in the field of zirconium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Courant
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marine Gavel
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Romain M Q Renard
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Y P Joosten
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Lecourt
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France
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3
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Pinkas J, Gyepes R, Císařová I, Kubišta J, Horáček M, Žilková N, Mach K. Hydrogenation of titanocene and zirconocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8921-8932. [PMID: 29916518 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01909f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions following the addition of dihydrogen under maximum atmospheric pressure to bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (BTMSA) complexes of titanocenes, [(η5-C5H5-nMen)2Ti(η2-BTMSA)] (n = 0, 1, 3, and 4) (1A-1D), and zirconocenes, [(η5-C5H5-nMen)2Zr(η2-BTMSA)] (n = 2-5) (4A-4D), proceeded in diverse ways and, depending on the metal, afforded different products. The former complexes lost, in all cases, their BTMSA ligand via its hydrogenation to bis-1,2-(trimethylsilyl)ethane when reacted at 80 °C for a prolonged reaction time. For n = 0, 1, and 3, the titanocene species formed in situ dimerised via the formation of fulvalene ligands and two bridging hydride ligands, giving known green dimeric titanocenes (2A-2C). For n = 4, a titanocene hydride [(η5-C5HMe4)2TiH] (2D) was formed, similarly to the known [(η5-C5Me5)2TiH] (2E) for n = 5; however, in contrast to this example, 2D in the absence of dihydrogen spontaneously dehydrogenated to the known Ti(iii)-Ti(iii) dehydro-dimer [{Ti(η5-C5HMe4)(μ-η1:η5-C5Me4)}2] (3B). This complex has now been fully characterised via spectroscopic methods, and was shown through EPR spectroscopy to attain an intramolecular electronic triplet state. The zirconocene-BTMSA complexes 4A-4D reacted uniformly with one hydrogen molecule to give Zr(iv) zirconocene hydride alkenyls, [(η5-C5H5-nMen)2ZrH{C(SiMe3)[double bond, length as m-dash]CH(SiMe3)}] (n = 2-5) (5A-5D). These were identified through their 1H and 13C NMR spectra, which show features typical of an agostically bonded proton, [double bond, length as m-dash]CH(SiMe3). Compounds 5A-5D formed equilibria with the BTMSA complexes 4A-4D depending on hydrogen pressure and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Pinkas
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
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4
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Clarkson JM, Schafer LL. Bis(tert-butylimido)bis(N,O-chelate)tungsten(VI) Complexes: Probing Amidate and Pyridonate Hemilability. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5553-5566. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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6
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Romero RM, Fra L, Lishchynskyi A, Martínez C, Streuff J, Muñiz K. Amidato complexes of ruthenium, rhodium and iridium from concise N–H bond activation: exploration in catalysis. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Drover MW, Schafer LL, Love JA. Amidate-Ligated Complexes of Rhodium(I): A Showcase of Coordination Flexibility. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501209c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W. Drover
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jennifer A. Love
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Drover MW, Schafer LL, Love JA. Isocyanate deinsertion from κ1-O amidates: facile access to perfluoroaryl rhodium(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19487-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01981h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorophenyl-subsituted amidates undergo unprecedented C6F5 migration to Rh(i) on heating, providing a new route to Rh-C6F5 organometallic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W. Drover
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Love
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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Haehnel M, Priebe JB, Yim JC, Spannenberg A, Brückner A, Schafer LL, Rosenthal U. Four‐Membered Heterometallacyclic d
0
and d
1
Complexes of Group 4 Metallocenes with Amidato Ligands. Chemistry 2014; 20:7752-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haehnel
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany), Fax: (+49) 381‐1281‐51176
| | - Jacqueline B. Priebe
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany), Fax: (+49) 381‐1281‐51176
| | - Jacky C.‐H. Yim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1 (Canada)
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany), Fax: (+49) 381‐1281‐51176
| | - Angelika Brückner
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany), Fax: (+49) 381‐1281‐51176
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1 (Canada)
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany), Fax: (+49) 381‐1281‐51176
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Becker L, Spannenberg A, Arndt P, Rosenthal U. (Cyanido-κC)(2,2-di-phenyl-acetamido-κ(2) N,O)bis-(η(5)-penta-methyl-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)zirconium(IV). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:m57. [PMID: 24764823 PMCID: PMC3998262 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, [Zr(C10H15)2(C14H12NO)(CN)], the ZrIV atom is coordinated by two pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands, the amidate ligand via the N and O atoms, and an additional C N ligand. The four-membered metallacycle is nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.008 Å). In the crystal, the molecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers via pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Becker
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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