Supramolecular polymer formation by cyclic dinucleotides and intercalators affects dinucleotide enzymatic processing.
Future Sci OA 2016;
2:FSO93. [PMID:
28031943 PMCID:
PMC5137846 DOI:
10.4155/fso.15.93]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
Cyclic dinucleotides form supramolecular aggregates with intercalators, and this property could be utilized in nanotechnology and medicine.
Methods & results:
Atomic force microscopy and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to show that cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) forms G-wires in the presence of intercalators. The average fluorescence lifetime of thiazole orange, when bound to c-di-GMP was greater than when bound to DNA G-quadruplexes or dsDNA. The stability of c-di-GMP supramolecular polymers is dependent on both the nature of the cation present and the intercalator. C-di-GMP or cyclic diadenylic acid/intercalator complexes are more resistant to cleavage by YybT, a phosphodiesterase, than the uncomplexed nucleotides.
Conclusion:
Cleavage of bacterial cyclic dinucleotides could be slowed down via complexation with small molecules and that this could be utilized for diverse applications in nanotechnology and medicine.
Lay abstract: Bacteria respond to a changing environment and nutrient availability by regulating key metabolic processes. Cyclic dinucleotides are now understood to play pivotal roles in transmitting information about the environment to macromolecular targets, which modulate the bacterial phenotype. In this paper, we demonstrate that these important bacterial second messengers can be aggregated with other small molecules and this process could potentially be used to affect how bacteria sense the environment.
Collapse