1
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Yu S, Sadaba N, Sanchez-Rexach E, Hilburg SL, Pozzo LD, Altin-Yavuzarslan G, Liz-Marzán LM, de Aberasturi DJ, Sardon H, Nelson A. 4D Printed Protein-AuNR Nanocomposites with Photothermal Shape Recovery. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024; 34:2311209. [PMID: 38966003 PMCID: PMC11221775 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202311209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
4D printing is the 3D printing of objects that change chemically or physically in response to an external stimulus over time. Photothermally responsive shape memory materials are attractive for their ability to undergo remote activation. While photothermal methods using gold nanorods (AuNRs) have been used for shape recovery, 3D patterning of these materials into objects with complex geometries using degradable materials has not been addressed. Here, we report on the fabrication of 3D printed shape memory bioplastics with photo-activated shape recovery. Protein-based nanocomposites based on bovine serum albumin (BSA), poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate and gold nanorods were developed for vat photopolymerization. These 3D printed bioplastics were mechanically deformed under high loads, and the proteins served as mechanoactive elements that unfolded in an energy-dissipating mechanism that prevented fracture of the thermoset. The bioplastic object maintained its metastable shape-programmed state under ambient conditions. Subsequently, up to 99% shape recovery was achieved within 1 min of irradiation with near-infrared light. Mechanical characterization and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis suggest that the proteins mechanically unfold during the shape programming step and may refold during shape recovery. These composites are promising materials for the fabrication of biodegradable shape-morphing devices for robotics and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Naroa Sadaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Eva Sanchez-Rexach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Shayna L Hilburg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gokce Altin-Yavuzarslan
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Biomedical Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Ikerbaque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Biomedical Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Ikerbaque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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2
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Zhou Y, Centeno SP, Zhang K, Zheng L, Göstl R, Herrmann A. Fracture Detection in Bio-Glues with Fluorescent-Protein-Based Optical Force Probes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210052. [PMID: 36740969 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glues are being used to bond, seal, and repair in industry and biomedicine. The improvement of gluing performance is hence important for the development of new glues with better and balanced property spaces, which in turn necessitates a mechanistic understanding of their mechanical failure. Optical force probes (OFPs) allow the observation of mechanical material damage in polymers from the macro- down to the microscale, yet have never been employed in glues. Here, the development of a series of ratiometric OFPs based on fluorescent-protein-dye and protein-protein conjugates and their incorporation into genetically engineered bio-glues is reported. The OFPs are designed to efficiently modulate Förster resonance energy transfer upon force application thereby reporting on force-induced molecular alterations independent of concentration and fluorescence intensity both spectrally and through their fluorescence lifetime. By fluorescence spectroscopy in solution and in the solid state and by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, stress concentrations are visualized and adhesive and cohesive failure in the fracture zone is differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia P Centeno
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kuan Zhang
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lifei Zheng
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Kelber JB, Bensalah-Ledoux A, Zahouani S, Baguenard B, Schaaf P, Chaumont A, Guy S, Jierry L. Reversible Soft Mechanochemical Control of Biaryl Conformations through Crosslinking in a 3D Macromolecular Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23283-23290. [PMID: 32857901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the dihedral angle (DA) of axially chiral compounds can impact biological activity, catalyst efficiency, molecular motor performance, or chiroptical properties. Herein, we report gradual, controlled, and reversible changes in molecular conformation of a covalently linked binaphthyl moiety within a 3D polymeric network by application of a macroscopic stretching force. We managed direct observation of DA changes by measuring the circular dichroism signal of an optically pure BINOL-crosslinked elastomer network. Stretching the elastomer resulted in a widening of the DA between naphthyl rings when the BINOL was doubly grafted to the elastomer network; no effect was observed when a single naphthyl ring of the BINOL was grafted to the elastomer network. We have determined that ca. 170 % extension of the elastomers led to the transfer of a mechanical force to the BINOL moiety of 2.5 kcal mol-1 Å-1 (ca. 175 pN) in magnitude and results in the opening of the DA of BINOL up to 130°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien B Kelber
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Amina Bensalah-Ledoux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière (UMR5306), 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Zahouani
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Bruno Baguenard
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière (UMR5306), 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,Université de Strasbourg Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Chaumont
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chimie, UMR7140, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Stephan Guy
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière (UMR5306), 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Jierry
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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4
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Kelber JB, Bensalah‐Ledoux A, Zahouani S, Baguenard B, Schaaf P, Chaumont A, Guy S, Jierry L. Reversible Soft Mechanochemical Control of Biaryl Conformations through Crosslinking in a 3D Macromolecular Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien B. Kelber
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22) 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Amina Bensalah‐Ledoux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Université de Lyon CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière (UMR5306) 69622 Lyon France
| | - Sarah Zahouani
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22) 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Bruno Baguenard
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Université de Lyon CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière (UMR5306) 69622 Lyon France
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22) 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM Unité 1121 11 rue Humann 67085 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Alain Chaumont
- Université de Strasbourg Faculté de Chimie UMR7140 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Stephan Guy
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Université de Lyon CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière (UMR5306) 69622 Lyon France
| | - Loïc Jierry
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22) 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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5
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Traeger H, Kiebala DJ, Weder C, Schrettl S. From Molecules to Polymers-Harnessing Inter- and Intramolecular Interactions to Create Mechanochromic Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000573. [PMID: 33191595 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of mechanophores as building blocks that serve as predefined weak linkages has enabled the creation of mechanoresponsive and mechanochromic polymer materials, which are interesting for a range of applications including the study of biological specimens or advanced security features. In typical mechanophores, covalent bonds are broken when polymers that contain these chemical motifs are exposed to mechanical forces, and changes of the optical properties upon bond scission can be harnessed as a signal that enables the detection of applied mechanical stresses and strains. Similar chromic effects upon mechanical deformation of polymers can also be achieved without relying on the scission of covalent bonds. The dissociation of motifs that feature directional noncovalent interactions, the disruption of aggregated molecules, and conformational changes in molecules or polymers constitute an attractive element for the design of mechanoresponsive and mechanochromic materials. In this article, it is reviewed how such alterations of molecules and polymers can be exploited for the development of mechanochromic materials that signal deformation without breaking covalent bonds. Recent illustrative examples are highlighted that showcase how the use of such mechanoresponsive motifs enables the visual mapping of stresses and damage in a reversible and highly sensitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Traeger
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Derek J Kiebala
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
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6
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Calvino C, Guha A, Weder C, Schrettl S. Self-Calibrating Mechanochromic Fluorescent Polymers Based on Encapsulated Excimer-Forming Dyes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704603. [PMID: 29345378 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While mechanochemical transduction principles are omnipresent in nature, mimicking these in artificial materials is challenging. The ability to reliably detect the exposure of man-made objects to mechanical forces is, however, of great interest for many applications, including structural health monitoring and tamper-proof packaging. A useful concept to achieve mechanochromic responses in polymers is the integration of microcapsules, which rupture upon deformation and release a payload causing a visually detectable response. Herein, it is reported that this approach can be used to create mechanochromic fluorescent materials that show a direct and ratiometric response to mechanical deformation. This can be achieved by filling poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules with a solution of a photoluminescent aggregachromic cyano-substituted oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) and embedding these particles in poly(dimethylsiloxane). The application of mechanical force by way of impact, incision, or tensile deformation opens the microcapsules and releases the fluorophore in the damaged area. Due to excimer formation, the subsequent aggregation of the dye furnishes a detectable fluorescence color change. With the emission from unopened microcapsules as built-in reference, the approach affords materials that are self-calibrating. This new concept appears to be readily applicable to a range of polymer matrices and allows for the straightforward assessment of their structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Calvino
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anirvan Guha
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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7
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Rifaie-Graham O, Apebende EA, Bast LK, Bruns N. Self-Reporting Fiber-Reinforced Composites That Mimic the Ability of Biological Materials to Sense and Report Damage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705483. [PMID: 29573286 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of damage, deformation, and mechanical forces is of vital importance in many applications of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, as it allows the structural health and integrity of composite components to be monitored and microdamage to be detected before it leads to catastrophic material failure. Bioinspired and biomimetic approaches to self-sensing and self-reporting materials are reviewed. Examples include bruising coatings and bleeding composites based on dye-filled microcapsules, hollow fibers, and vascular networks. Force-induced changes in color, fluorescence, or luminescence are achieved by mechanochromic epoxy resins, or by mechanophores and force-responsive proteins located at the interface of glass/carbon fibers and polymers. Composites can also feel strain, stress, and damage through embedded optical and electrical sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating sensors, or by resistance measurements of dispersed carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes. Bioinspired composites with the ability to show autonomously if and where they have been damaged lead to a multitude of opportunities for aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and wind-turbine applications. They range from safety features for the detection of barely visible impact damage, to the real-time monitoring of deformation of load-bearing components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie-Graham
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edward A Apebende
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Livia K Bast
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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8
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Ido Y, Maçon AL, Iguchi M, Ozeki Y, Koeda S, Obata A, Kasuga T, Mizuno T. Construction of enzyme-encapsulated fibermats from the cross-linkable copolymers poly(acrylamide)- co -poly(diacetone acrylamide) with the bi-functional cross-linker, adipic acid dihydrazide. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Calvino C, Neumann L, Weder C, Schrettl S. Approaches to polymeric mechanochromic materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Calvino
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Laura Neumann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
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10
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Araujo JV, Rifaie-Graham O, Apebende EA, Bruns N. Self-reporting Polymeric Materials with Mechanochromic Properties. BIO-INSPIRED POLYMERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626664-00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical transduction of force onto molecules is an essential feature of many biological processes that results in the senses of touch and hearing, gives important cues for cellular interactions and can lead to optically detectable signals, such as a change in colour, fluorescence or chemoluminescence. Polymeric materials that are able to visually indicate deformation, stress, strain or the occurrence of microdamage draw inspiration from these biological events. The field of self-reporting (or self-assessing) materials is reviewed. First, mechanochromic events in nature are discussed, such as the formation of bruises on skin, the bleeding of a wound, or marine glow caused by dinoflagellates. Then, materials based on force-responsive mechanophores, such as spiropyrans, cyclobutanes, cyclooctanes, Diels–Alder adducts, diarylbibenzofuranone and bis(adamantyl)-1,2-dioxetane are reviewed, followed by mechanochromic blends, chromophores stabilised by hydrogen bonds, and pressure sensors based on ionic interactions between fluorescent dyes and polyelectrolyte brushes. Mechanobiochemistry is introduced as an important tool to create self-reporting hybrid materials that combine polymers with the force-responsive properties of fluorescent proteins, protein FRET pairs, and other biomacromolecules. Finally, dye-filled microcapsules, microvascular networks, and hollow fibres are demonstrated to be important technologies to create damage-indicating coatings, self-reporting fibre-reinforced composites and self-healing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V. Araujo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Omar Rifaie-Graham
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Edward A. Apebende
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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11
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Lavalle P, Boulmedais F, Schaaf P, Jierry L. Soft-Mechanochemistry: Mechanochemistry Inspired by Nature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7265-7276. [PMID: 27396617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells and bacteria use mechanotransduction processes to transform a mechanical force into a chemical/biochemical response. The area of chemistry where chemical reactions are induced by mechanical forces is called mechanochemistry. Over the last few years, chemists developed force-induced reactions affecting covalent bonds in molecules under tension which requires high energy input and/or high intensity forces. In contrast, in nature, mechanotransduction processes take place with forces of much weaker intensity and much less demanding energy. They are mainly based on protein conformational changes or changes in supramacromolecular architectures. Mechanochemistry based on such low-energy-demanding processes and which does not affect chemical bonds can be called soft-mechanochemistry. In this feature article, we first discuss some examples of soft-mechanochemistry processes encountered in nature, in particular, cryptic sites, allowing us to define more precisely the concepts underlying soft-mechanochemistry. A series of examples, developed over the past few years, of chemomechanoresponsive systems based on soft-mechanochemistry principles are given. We describe, in particular, cryptic site surfaces, enzymatically active films whose activity can be modulated by stretching and films where stretching induces changes in their fluorescence properties. Finally, we give our view of the future of soft-mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lavalle
- Unité INSERM U1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), and Fédération des Matériaux et Nanoscience d'Alsace (FMNA), Université de Strasbourg , 8 rue Saint Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fouzia Boulmedais
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Unité INSERM U1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), and Fédération des Matériaux et Nanoscience d'Alsace (FMNA), Université de Strasbourg , 8 rue Saint Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute of Advanced Study , 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc Jierry
- Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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12
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Niu S, Yan H, Li S, Xu P, Zhi X, Li T. Bright Blue Photoluminescence Emitted from the Novel Hyperbranched Polysiloxane-Containing Unconventional Chromogens. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Niu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Shaanxi Province; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Shaanxi Province; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Shaanxi Province; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Peilun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Shaanxi Province; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Xiaoli Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Shaanxi Province; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Shaanxi Province; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
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13
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Rios C, Longo J, Zahouani S, Garnier T, Vogt C, Reisch A, Senger B, Boulmedais F, Hemmerlé J, Benmlih K, Frisch B, Schaaf P, Jierry L, Lavalle P. A new biomimetic route to engineer enzymatically active mechano-responsive materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:5622-5. [PMID: 25719225 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using modified β-galactosidase covalently linked to cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM), catalytically active materials have been designed. Their enzymatic activity can be modulated, partially in a reversible way, simply by stretching. This strategy, based on enzyme conformational changes, constitutes a new tool for the development of biocatalytic mechano-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rios
- ICS (UPR22-CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France.
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14
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Koeda S, Ichiki K, Iwanaga N, Mizuno K, Shibata M, Obata A, Kasuga T, Mizuno T. Construction and Characterization of Protein-Encapsulated Electrospun Fibermats Prepared from a Silica/Poly(γ-glutamate) Hybrid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:221-229. [PMID: 26681447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein-encapsulated fibermats are an attractive platform for protein-based bioactive materials. However, the choice of methods is still limited and not applicable to a wide range of proteins. In this study, we studied new polymeric materials for constructing protein-encapsulated fibermats, in which protein molecules are encapsulated within the nanofibers of fibermats without causing deleterious changes to protein structure or function. We constructed a protein-encapsulated fibermat using the poly(γ-glutamate) (PGA)/(3-glycidyloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) hybrid as a precursor for electrospinning. Because the PGA/GPTMS hybrid is water-soluble, protein molecules can be added to the precursor in an aqueous solution, significantly enhancing protein stability. Polycondensation during electrospinning (in-flight polycondensation) makes the obtained fibermats water-insoluble, which stabilizes the fibermat structure such that it is resistant to degradation in aqueous buffer. The molecular structure of the PGA/GPTMS hybrid gives rise to unique molecular permeability, which alters the selectivity and specificity of biochemical reactions involving the encapsulated enzymes; lower molecular-weight (MW) substrates can permeate the nanofibers, promoting enzyme activity, but higher MW substrates such as inhibitor peptides cannot permeate the nanofibers, suppressing enzyme activity. We present an effective method of encapsulating bioactive molecules while maintaining their structure and function, increasing the versatility of electrospun fibermats for constructing various bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Koeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ichiki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norihiko Iwanaga
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Mizuno
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masahide Shibata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Obata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kasuga
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Mizuno
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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15
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Mohamed MG, Hsu KC, Hong JL, Kuo SW. Unexpected fluorescence from maleimide-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes: nanoparticle and sequence distribution analyses of polystyrene-based alternating copolymers. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01537e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Unusual fluorescent polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing polymers lacking any common fluorescent units because of the crystallinity and clustering of locked CO groups of POSS units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chih Hsu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
| | - Jin-Long Hong
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
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16
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Dolgopolova EA, Moore TM, Fellows WB, Smith MD, Shustova NB. Photophysics of GFP-related chromophores imposed by a scaffold design. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9884-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt05063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a rigid scaffold imposes the photophysics of chromophores with a benzylidene imidazolidinone core by mimicking the β-barrel structure of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - T. M. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - W. B. Fellows
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - M. D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - N. B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
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17
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Imato K, Kanehara T, Ohishi T, Nishihara M, Yajima H, Ito M, Takahara A, Otsuka H. Mechanochromic Dynamic Covalent Elastomers: Quantitative Stress Evaluation and Autonomous Recovery. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1307-1311. [PMID: 35614834 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stress evaluation in polymeric materials is important in order to not only spot danger in them before serious failure, but also precisely interpret the destructive mechanism, which can improve the lifetime and durability of polymeric materials. Here, we are able to visualize stress by color changes, as well as quantitatively estimate the stress in situ, in segmented polyurethane elastomers with diarylbibenzofuranone-based dynamic covalent mechanophores. We prepared films of the segmented polyurethanes, in which the mechanophores were incorporated in the soft segments, and efficiently activated them by mechanical force. Cleavage of the mechanophores during uniaxial elongation and their recovery after the removal of the stress were quantitatively evaluated by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, accompanied by drastic color changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Imato
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering and §Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanehara
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering and §Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohishi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering and §Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nishihara
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering and §Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yajima
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering and §Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ito
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering and §Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering and §Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering and §Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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18
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Niu S, Yan H, Chen Z, Yuan L, Liu T, Liu C. Water‐Soluble Blue Fluorescence‐Emitting Hyperbranched Polysiloxanes Simultaneously Containing Hydroxyl and Primary Amine Groups. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:136-42. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Niu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Shaanxi Province School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Shaanxi Province School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Zhengyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Shaanxi Province School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Lingxia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Shaanxi Province School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Tianye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Shaanxi Province School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Shaanxi Province School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
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19
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Shrestha P, Mandal S, Mao H. Mechanochemical Sensing: A Biomimetic Sensing Strategy. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1829-37. [PMID: 25916512 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Existing biosensors employ two major components: analyte recognition and signal transduction. Although specificity is achieved through analyte recognition, sensitivity is usually enhanced through a chemical amplification stage that couples the two main units in a sensor. Although highly sensitive, the extra chemical amplification stage complicates the sensing protocol. In addition, it separates the two elements spatiotemporally, reducing the real-time response of the biosensor. In this review, we discuss the new mechanochemical biosensors that employ mechanochemical coupling strategies to overcome these issues. By monitoring changes in the mechanical properties of a single-molecule template upon analyte binding, single-molecule sensitivity is reached. As chemical amplification becomes unnecessary in this single-molecule mechanochemical sensing (SMMS) strategy, real-time sensing is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 (USA)
| | - Shankar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 (USA)
| | - Hanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 (USA).
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20
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Williams DE, Dolgopolova EA, Pellechia PJ, Palukoshka A, Wilson TJ, Tan R, Maier JM, Greytak AB, Smith MD, Krause JA, Shustova NB. Mimic of the Green Fluorescent Protein β-Barrel: Photophysics and Dynamics of Confined Chromophores Defined by a Rigid Porous Scaffold. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2223-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5131269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek E. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Andrei Palukoshka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Thomas J. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Rui Tan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Josef M. Maier
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Andrew B. Greytak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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21
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Longo J, Yao C, Rios C, Chau NTT, Boulmedais F, Hemmerlé J, Lavalle P, Schiller SM, Schaaf P, Jierry L. Reversible biomechano-responsive surface based on green fluorescent protein genetically modified with unnatural amino acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:232-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07486f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uniaxial stretching of modified GFP “clicked” onto an elastomer leads to a repeatable and reversible decrease of its fluorescence intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Universität Freiburg
- Freiburg im Breisgau
- Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan M. Schiller
- Universität Freiburg
- Freiburg im Breisgau
- Germany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Germany
| | | | - Loïc Jierry
- ICS (UPR22-CNRS)
- Strasbourg
- France
- USIAS
- 67083 Strasbourg
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22
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Song G, Lin Y, Zhu Z, Zheng H, Qiao J, He C, Wang H. Strong Fluorescence of Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and Its Oxidized Hydrolyzate. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:278-85. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshan Song
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yannan Lin
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhu
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Heying Zheng
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jinping Qiao
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Changcheng He
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
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23
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Peterson GI, Boydston AJ. Kinetic Analysis of Mechanochemical Chain Scission of Linear Poly(phthalaldehyde). Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1611-4. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Church DC, Peterson GI, Boydston AJ. Comparison of Mechanochemical Chain Scission Rates for Linear versus Three-Arm Star Polymers in Strong Acoustic Fields. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:648-651. [PMID: 35590762 DOI: 10.1021/mz5003068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of star versus linear polymer architecture on the rates of mechanochemically induced bond scission has been explored. We determined rate constants for chain scission of parent linear and star polymers, from which daughter fragments were cleanly resolved. These studies confirm a mechanistic interpretation of star polymer chain scission that is governed by the spanning rather than total molecular weight. We further demonstrate the preserved rate of site-selective mechanophore activation across two different polymer structures. Specifically, we observed consistent activation rate constants from three-arm star and linear polymer analogues, despite the Mn of the star polymer being 1.5 times greater than that of the linear system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C. Church
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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