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Butler IR, Evans DM, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Parker SF, Capelli SC. The spontaneous self-assembly of a molecular water pipe in 3D space. IUCRJ 2022; 9:364-369. [PMID: 35546800 PMCID: PMC9067119 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly and self-organization of water molecules are relevant in many fields of research. When water spontaneously reacts with 2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-piperidine (TMP) to form colourless and crystalline discrete needles, only in the exact ratio of 2:1, it is important to understand the phenomenon. Single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction data have unveiled that TMP self-assembles around columns of water molecules, and as such, the resulting adduct may be described as a series of molecular water pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N. Horton
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia C. Capelli
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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Romanini M, Barrio M, Macovez R, Capaccioli S, Tamarit JL. Mixtures of m-fluoroaniline with apolar aromatic molecules: Phase behaviour, suppression of H-bonded clusters, and local H-bond relaxation dynamics. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang D, Tan Q, Liu J, Liu Z. A stable europium metal-organic framework as a dual-functional luminescent sensor for quantitatively detecting temperature and humidity. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:18450-18454. [PMID: 27830848 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03812c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a luminescent Eu metal-organic framework (MOF) with a one-dimensional, open channel filled with water molecule assemblies; this MOF can serve as a dual-functional luminescent sensor for detecting temperature and humidity. Using this MOF, we have developed a self-calibrating ratiometric thermometer that operates within the cryogenic temperature range and simultaneously functions as a luminescent humidity sensor within the relative humidity (RH) range from 33.0% to 85.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghua Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China. and Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hohhot, P. R. China
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Castro M, Falvello LR, Forcén-Vázquez E, Guerra P, Al-Kenany NA, Martínez G, Tomás M. A phase transition caught in mid-course: independent and concomitant analyses of the monoclinic and triclinic structures of ( nBu 4N)[Co(orotate) 2(bipy)]·3H 2O. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2017; 73:731-742. [PMID: 28872072 PMCID: PMC5601254 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617010841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of the nBu4N+ salts of two bis-orotate(2-) complexes of cobalt, namely bis(tetra-n-butylammonium) diaquabis(2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-ide-6-carboxylato-κ2N1,O6)cobalt(II) 1.8-hydrate, (C16H36N)2[Co(C5H2N2O4)2(H2O)2]·1.8H2O, (1), and tetra-n-butylammonium (2,2'-bipyridine-κ2N,N')bis(2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-ide-6-carboxylato-κ2N1,O6)cobalt(III) trihydrate, (C16H36N)[Co(C5H2N2O4)2(C10H8N2)]·3H2O, (2), are reported. The CoIII complex, (2), which is monoclinic at room temperature, presents a conservative single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transition below 200 K, producing a triclinic twin. The transition, which involves a conformational change in one of the nBu groups of the cation, is reversible and can be cycled. Both end phases have been characterized structurally and the system was also characterized structurally in a two-phase intermediate state, using single-crystal diffraction techniques, with both the monoclinic and triclinic phases present. Thermal analysis allows a rough estimate of the small energy content, viz. 0.25 kJ mol-1, for both the monoclinic-to-triclinic transformation and the reverse transition, in agreement with the nature of the structural changes involving only the nBu4N+ cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Castro
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales y Fluidos, Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), University of Zaragoza–CSIC, María de Luna 3, Zaragoza E-50018, Spain
| | - Larry R. Falvello
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
| | - Elena Forcén-Vázquez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
| | - Pablo Guerra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
| | - Nuha A. Al-Kenany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
| | - Gema Martínez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Aragón Materials Science Institute (ICMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
| | - Milagros Tomás
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogenea (ISQCH), University of Zaragoza–CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain
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Wang D, Liu J, Liu Z. A chemically stable europium metal-organic framework for bifunctional chemical sensor and recyclable on–off–on vapor response. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu M, Chen L, Lewis S, Chong SY, Little MA, Hasell T, Aldous IM, Brown CM, Smith MW, Morrison CA, Hardwick LJ, Cooper AI. Three-dimensional protonic conductivity in porous organic cage solids. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12750. [PMID: 27619230 PMCID: PMC5027280 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton conduction is a fundamental process in biology and in devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To maximize proton conduction, three-dimensional conduction pathways are preferred over one-dimensional pathways, which prevent conduction in two dimensions. Many crystalline porous solids to date show one-dimensional proton conduction. Here we report porous molecular cages with proton conductivities (up to 10(-3) S cm(-1) at high relative humidity) that compete with extended metal-organic frameworks. The structure of the organic cage imposes a conduction pathway that is necessarily three-dimensional. The cage molecules also promote proton transfer by confining the water molecules while being sufficiently flexible to allow hydrogen bond reorganization. The proton conduction is explained at the molecular level through a combination of proton conductivity measurements, crystallography, molecular simulations and quasi-elastic neutron scattering. These results provide a starting point for high-temperature, anhydrous proton conductors through inclusion of guests other than water in the cage pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Scott Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Iain M. Aldous
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Craig M. Brown
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Martin W. Smith
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Carole A. Morrison
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Laurence J. Hardwick
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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Wu LL, Zhao J, Wang H, Wang J. A lanthanide(iii) metal–organic framework exhibiting ratiometric luminescent temperature sensing and tunable white light emission. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Weber I, Mallick B, Schild M, Kareth S, Puchta R, van Eldik R. Behavior of highly diluted electrolytes in strong electric fields-prevention of alumina deposition on grading electrodes in HVDC transmission modules by CO2-induced pH-control. Chemistry 2014; 20:12091-103. [PMID: 25110988 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alumina deposition on platinum grading electrodes in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission modules is an unsolved problem that has been around for more than three decades. This is due to the unavoidable corrosion of aluminum heat sinks that causes severe damage to electrical power plants and losses in the range of a million Euro range per day in power outage. Simple experiments in a representative HV test setup showed that aluminates at concentrations even below 10(-8) mol L(-1) can deposit on anodes through neutralization by protons produced in de-ionized water (κ≤0.15 μS cm(-1)) at 20-35 kV (8 mA) per electrode. In this otherwise electrolyte-poor aqueous environment, the depositions are formed three orders of magnitude below the critical precipitation concentration at pH 7! In the presence of an inert electrolyte such as TMAT (tetramethylammonium-p-toluenesulfonate), at a concentration level just above that of the total dissolved aluminum, no deposition was observed. Deposition can be also prevented by doping with CO2 gas at a concentration level that is magnitudes lower than that of the dissolved aluminum. From an overview of aqueous aluminum chemistry, the mystery of the alumina deposition process and its inhibition by CO2 is experimentally resolved and fully explained by field accumulation and repulsion models in synergism with acid-base equilibria. The extraordinary size of the alumina depositions is accounted for in terms of proton tunneling through "hydrated" alumina, which is supported by quantum chemical calculations. As a consequence, pulse-purging with pure CO2 gas is presented as a technical solution to prevent the deposition of alumina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immo Weber
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 9131-8527387.
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Falvello LR, Forcén-Vázquez E, Palacio F, Sanz S, Tomás M. A discrete neutral transition-metal citrate cubane with an M4O4 core; coordinative versatility of the [MII4(citrate)4]8− fragment. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:10700-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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