1
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Bone KI, Puleo TR, Bandar JS. Direct C-H Hydroxylation of N-Heteroarenes and Benzenes via Base-Catalyzed Halogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9755-9767. [PMID: 38530788 PMCID: PMC11006572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxylated (hetero)arenes are valued in many industries as both key constituents of end products and diversifiable synthetic building blocks. Accordingly, the development of reactions that complement and address the limitations of existing methods for the introduction of aromatic hydroxyl groups is an important goal. To this end, we apply base-catalyzed halogen transfer (X-transfer) to enable the direct C-H hydroxylation of mildly acidic N-heteroarenes and benzenes. This protocol employs an alkoxide base to catalyze X-transfer from sacrificial 2-halothiophene oxidants to aryl substrates, forming SNAr-active intermediates that undergo nucleophilic hydroxylation. Key to this process is the use of 2-phenylethanol as an inexpensive hydroxide surrogate that, after aromatic substitution and rapid elimination, provides the hydroxylated arene and styrene byproduct. Use of simple 2-halothiophenes allows for C-H hydroxylation of 6-membered N-heteroarenes and 1,3-azole derivatives, while a rationally designed 2-halobenzothiophene oxidant extends the scope to electron-deficient benzene substrates. Mechanistic studies indicate that aromatic X-transfer is reversible, suggesting that the deprotonation, halogenation, and substitution steps operate in synergy, manifesting in unique selectivity trends that are not necessarily dependent on the most acidic aryl position. The utility of this method is further demonstrated through streamlined target molecule syntheses, examples of regioselectivity that contrast alternative C-H hydroxylation methods, and the scalable recycling of the thiophene oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelyn I. Bone
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Thomas R. Puleo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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2
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Stuhr R, Bayer P, von Wangelin AJ. The Diverse Modes of Oxygen Reactivity in Life & Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201323. [PMID: 36214486 PMCID: PMC10100308 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is a molecule of utmost importance in our lives. Beside its vital role for the respiration and sustaining of organisms, oxygen is involved in numerous chemical and physical processes. Upon combination of the different forms of molecular oxygen species with various activation modes, substrates, and reaction conditions an extremely wide chemical space can be covered that enables rich applications of diverse oxygenation processes. This Review provides an instructive overview of the individual properties and reactivities of oxygen species and illustrates their importance in nature, everyday life, and in the context of chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Stuhr
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Patrick Bayer
- Pantheon AustriaThermo Fisher ScientificSt. Peter Str. 254020LinzAustria
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3
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Donnelly K, Baumann M. Continuous Flow Technology as an Enabler for Innovative Transformations Exploiting Carbenes, Nitrenes, and Benzynes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8279-8288. [PMID: 35700424 PMCID: PMC9251729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Miniaturization offered
by microreactors provides for superb reaction
control as well as excellent heat and mass transfer. By performing
chemical reactions in microreactors or tubular systems under continuous
flow conditions, increased safety can be harnessed which allows exploitation
of these technologies for the generation and immediate consumption
of high-energy intermediates. This Synopsis demonstrates the use of
flow technology to effectively exploit benzynes, carbenes, and nitrenes
in synthetic chemistry programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, D04 N2E2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, D04 N2E2 Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Shan C, Xu J, Cao L, Liang C, Cheng R, Yao X, Sun M, Ye J. Rapid Synthesis of α-Chiral Piperidines via a Highly Diastereoselective Continuous Flow Protocol. Org Lett 2022; 24:3205-3210. [PMID: 35451304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A practical continuous flow protocol has been developed using readily accessible N-(tert-butylsulfinyl)-bromoimine and Grignard reagents, providing various functionalized piperidines (34 examples) in superior results (typically >80% yield and with >90:10 dr) within minutes. The high-performance scale-up is smoothly carried out, and efficient synthesis of the drug precursor further showcases its utility. This flow process offers rapid and scalable access to enantioenriched α-substituted piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shan
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chaoming Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiantong Yao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maolin Sun
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Wu Y, Hu C, Wang T, Eberle L, Hashmi ASK. Gold‐Catalyzed Reaction of Anthranils with Alkynyl Sulfones for the Regioselective Formation of 3‐Hydroxyquinolines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University (KAU) 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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6
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Lindeque RM, Woodley JM. Modeling and Experimental Validation of Continuous Biocatalytic Oxidation in Two Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors in Series. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan M. Lindeque
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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7
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Zhao Y, Yu C, Liang W, Atodiresei IL, Patureau FW. TEMPO-mediated late stage photochemical hydroxylation of biaryl sulfonium salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2846-2849. [PMID: 35129566 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The late stage photochemical hydroxylation of biaryl sulfonium salts was enabled with a TEMPO derivative as a simple oxygen source, in metal free conditions. The scope and mechanism of this exceptionally simple synthetic method, which constructs important arylated phenols from aromatic C-H bonds, are herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Congjun Yu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Wenjing Liang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Iuliana L Atodiresei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Frederic W Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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8
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Wan L, Jiang M, Cheng D, Liu M, Chen F. Continuous flow technology-a tool for safer oxidation chemistry. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advantages and benefits of continuous flow technology for oxidation chemistry have been illustrated in tube reactors, micro-channel reactors, tube-in-tube reactors and micro-packed bed reactors in the presence of various oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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9
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Shan C, Cao L, Yang J, Cheng R, Yao X, Liang C, Sun M, Ye J. Construction of an α-chiral pyrrolidine library with a rapid and scalable continuous flow protocol. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00145d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cost-efficient development of an α-chiral pyrrolidine library is achieved via a rapid continuous flow protocol under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shan
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiasheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiantong Yao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaoming Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maolin Sun
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Hatridge TA, Wei B, Davies HML, Jones CW. Copper-Catalyzed, Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrazone in a Three-Phase Packed Bed Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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11
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Dowson GRM, Cooper J, Styring P. Reactive capture using metal looping: the effect of oxygen. Faraday Discuss 2021; 230:292-307. [PMID: 33949573 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the effort to create a sustainable future economy, the ability to directly convert dilute gas-phase CO2 in waste gas streams into useful products would be a valuable tool, which may be achievable using Grignard reagents as both the capture and the conversion materials. The magnesium salt by-product can be recovered, and metallic magnesium regenerated through conventional high-efficiency electrolysis. This stoichiometric approach is known as metal looping, where the magnesium acts as the energy vector for the capture and conversion, allowing both to occur at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, the process has only previously been demonstrated with 12% CO2 in nitrogen mixtures. If we consider this process in a real post-combustion flue gas conversion scenario, the sensitivity of Grignard reagents to other gases (and water vapour) must be considered. While some of these gases and the water vapour are relatively easily removed, in most flue gas streams the most common other gas present, oxygen, would be far more challenging to excise, and oxygen is known to react with Grignard reagents, albeit slowly. In order to determine if higher oxygen concentrations could be tolerated, allowing the possibility of a variety of relatively inexpensive and possibly profitable direct CO2 conversion pathways to be developed, a range of industrially relevant CO2/O2 mixtures were made and carefully bubbled through phenylmagnesium bromide solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R M Dowson
- UK Centre for Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Joshua Cooper
- UK Centre for Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Peter Styring
- UK Centre for Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield, UK.
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12
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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13
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Desnoyer AN, Nicolay A, Ziegler MS, Lakshmi KV, Cundari TR, Tilley TD. A Dicopper Nitrenoid by Oxidation of a Cu ICu I Core: Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7135-7143. [PMID: 33877827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A dicopper nitrenoid complex was prepared by formal oxidative addition of the nitrenoid fragment to a dicopper(I) center by reaction with the iminoiodinane PhINTs (Ts = tosylate). This nitrenoid complex, (DPFN)Cu2(μ-NTs)[NTf2]2 (DPFN = 2,7-bis(fluorodi(2-pyridyl)methyl)-1,8-naphthyridine), is a powerful H atom abstractor that reacts with a range of strong C-H bonds to form a mixed-valence Cu(I)/Cu(II) μ-NHTs amido complex in the first example of a clean H atom transfer to a dicopper nitrenoid core. In line with this reactivity, DFT calculations reveal that the nitrenoid is best described as an iminyl (NR radical anion) complex. The nitrenoid was trapped by the addition of water to form a mixed-donor hydroxo/amido dicopper(II) complex, which was independently obtained by reaction of a Cu2(μ-OH)2 complex with an amine through a protonolysis pathway. This mixed-donor complex is an analogue for the proposed intermediate in copper-catalyzed Chan-Evans-Lam coupling, which proceeds via C-X (X = N or O) bond formation. Treatment of the dicopper(II) mixed donor complex with MgPh2(THF)2 resulted in generation of a mixture that includes both phenol and a previously reported dicopper(I) bridging phenyl complex, illustrating that both reduction of dicopper(II) to dicopper(I) and concomitant C-X bond formation are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison N Desnoyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amélie Nicolay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Micah S Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy, Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Heinz B, Djukanovic D, Filipponi P, Martin B, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Regioselective difunctionalization of pyridines via 3,4-pyridynes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6143-6147. [PMID: 33996011 PMCID: PMC8098683 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new regioselective 3,4-difunctionalization of 3-chloropyridines via 3,4-pyridyne intermediates is reported. Regioselective lithiation of 3-chloro-2-ethoxypyridine and a related 2-thio-derivative followed by treatment with aryl- and alkylmagnesium halides as well as magnesium thiolates at -78 °C produced 3,4-pyridynes during heating to 75 °C. Regioselective addition of the Grignard moiety in position 4 followed by an electrophilic quench in position 3 led to various 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyridines. This method was adapted into a continuous flow set-up. As an application, we have prepared a key intermediate for (±)-paroxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heinz
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Dimitrije Djukanovic
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Paolo Filipponi
- Novartis Pharma AG, Chemical Development Fabrikstraße 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Novartis Pharma AG, Chemical Development Fabrikstraße 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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15
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Ren X, Wang S, Ding X, Zhang D, Wang Y. Preparation and catalytic performance of active metal sintered membrane reactor anchored with Pt atoms. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2848-2853. [PMID: 35424253 PMCID: PMC8693848 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10175c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the chemical industry, reactors are typically designed and filled with supported catalyst particles. However, the intrinsic problems associated with the internal/external diffusion effect and catalyst separation/loss in these traditional reactors can be very challenging to mitigate. To address these issues, herein, an active metal sintered membrane reactor anchored with Pt atoms was successfully developed, and applied into continuous, liquid-phase, hydrogenation processes. The catalyzing reactions transpired on the active sites that were fastened onto the surface of the reactor's microchannels. As a result, the mass transfer at the gas-liquid-solid three-phase was greatly enhanced, and an incredibly high reaction efficiency was obtained. The novel, active reactor demonstrated a superior catalytic performance and stability to nitrobenzene (NB) hydrogenation at 120 °C and 0.5 MPa H2, which enabled an aniline (ANI) yield of 19.28 molANI h-1 L-1. This work opens a new window for the design of high-performance gas-liquid-solid reactor toward multiphase catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Ren
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Xiaoshu Ding
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Yanji Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
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16
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Giblin G, Heseltine A, Kiesman W, MacPherson D, Ramsden J, Vadali R, Williams M, Witty D. Synthesis of Vixotrigine, a Use-Dependent Sodium Channel Blocker. Part 1: Development of Bulk Supply Routes to Enable Proof of Concept. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Giblin
- Convergence Pharmaceuticals (a Biogen Company), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Adrian Heseltine
- Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (EU) Limited, Steanard Lane, Mirfield, West Yorkshire WF14 8HZ, U.K
| | - William Kiesman
- Biogen Inc., 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - David MacPherson
- Convergence Pharmaceuticals (a Biogen Company), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - James Ramsden
- Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (EU) Limited, 410 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PE, U.K
| | - Ravi Vadali
- Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad 500049, Telangana, India
| | - Michael Williams
- Convergence Pharmaceuticals (a Biogen Company), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - David Witty
- Convergence Pharmaceuticals (a Biogen Company), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
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17
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Maier MC, Valotta A, Hiebler K, Soritz S, Gavric K, Grabner B, Gruber-Woelfler H. 3D Printed Reactors for Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Continuous Flow. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel C. Maier
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Alessia Valotta
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Katharina Hiebler
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Sebastian Soritz
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Kristian Gavric
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Bianca Grabner
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, 8010, Austria
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18
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Lindeque RM, Woodley JM. The Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Kinetics during Continuous Biocatalytic Oxidations. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan M. Lindeque
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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19
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Colella M, Tota A, Takahashi Y, Higuma R, Ishikawa S, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Nagaki A. Fluoro‐Substituted Methyllithium Chemistry: External Quenching Method Using Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Higuma
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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20
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Colella M, Tota A, Takahashi Y, Higuma R, Ishikawa S, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Nagaki A. Fluoro‐Substituted Methyllithium Chemistry: External Quenching Method Using Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10924-10928. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Higuma
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug SciencesFlow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-LabUniversity of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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21
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Synthesis of Biaryls Having a Piperidylmethyl Group Based on Space Integration of Lithiation, Borylation, and Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Ichinari D, Ashikari Y, Mandai K, Aizawa Y, Yoshida JI, Nagaki A. A Novel Approach to Functionalization of Aryl Azides through the Generation and Reaction of Organolithium Species Bearing Masked Azides in Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1567-1571. [PMID: 31733010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel straightforward method for aryl azides having functional groups based on generation and reactions of aryllithiums bearing a triazene group from polybromoarenes using flow microreactor systems was achieved. The present approach will serve as a powerful method in organolithium chemistry and open a new possibility in the synthesis of polyfunctional organic azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ichinari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mandai
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aizawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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23
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Ichinari D, Ashikari Y, Mandai K, Aizawa Y, Yoshida J, Nagaki A. A Novel Approach to Functionalization of Aryl Azides through the Generation and Reaction of Organolithium Species Bearing Masked Azides in Flow Microreactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ichinari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kyoko Mandai
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoko Aizawa
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology Suzuka College Shiroko-cho, Suzuka Mie 510-0294 Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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24
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Ashikari Y, Saito K, Nokami T, Yoshida JI, Nagaki A. Oxo-Thiolation of Cationically Polymerizable Alkenes Using Flow Microreactors. Chemistry 2019; 25:15239-15243. [PMID: 31414708 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the cationic oxo-thiolation of polymerizable alkenes by using highly reactive cationic species generated by anodic oxidation. These highly reactive cations were able to activate alkenes before their polymerization. Fast mixing in flow microreactors effectively controlled chemoselectivity, enabling higher reaction temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology and Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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25
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Bennett JA, Campbell ZS, Abolhasani M. Role of continuous flow processes in green manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Tsuchihashi Y, Hirose K, Takumi M, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reaction of Functional Alkyllithiums by Using Microreactors and Their Application to Heterotelechelic Polymer Synthesis. Chemistry 2019; 25:13719-13727. [PMID: 31400025 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors enabled the successful generation of various functional alkyllithiums containing electrophilic functional groups, as well as the use of these alkyllithiums in subsequent reactions. The high reactivity of these series of reactions could be achieved by the extremely accurate and selective control of residence time. Moreover, integrated flow microreactor systems could be used to successfully synthesize heterotelechelic polymers with two functionalities, one at each end, via a process involving controlled anionic polymerization initiated by functional alkyllithium compounds, followed by trapping reactions with difunctional electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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27
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Nakahara Y, Furusawa M, Endo Y, Shimazaki T, Ohtsuka K, Takahashi Y, Jiang Y, Nagaki A. Practical Continuous‐Flow Controlled/Living Anionic Polymerization. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakahara
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc. New Frontiers Research Group, Frontier Research Labs., Institute for Innovation 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku 210-8681 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mai Furusawa
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Oppama Research Laboratory 5-2931, Urago-cho, Yokosuka-shi 237-0062 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yuta Endo
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Isolation And Purification Group, Process Development Section, Process Development Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasakiku 210-8681 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Toshiya Shimazaki
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Japan, Tacmina Co. 2-2-14 Awajimachi, Chuo-ku 541-0047 Osaka Japan
| | - Keita Ohtsuka
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Sankoh Seiki Kougyou Co., Ltd. 2-7-2, Keihinjima, Ota-ku 143-0003 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yiyuan Jiang
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Kyoto University Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
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28
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Nagaki A, Jiang Y, Yamashita H, Takabayashi N, Takahashi Y, Yoshida JI. Monolithiation of 5,5′‐Dibromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene Using Flow Microreactors: Mechanistic Implications and Synthetic Applications. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yiyuan Jiang
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Naoshi Takabayashi
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Kyoto University Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology Suzuka College Shiroko-cho 510-0294 Suzuka, Mie Japan
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29
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Göbel D, Clamor N, Lork E, Nachtsheim BJ. Aerobic C(sp2)–H Hydroxylations of 2-Aryloxazolines: Fast Access to Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT)-Based Luminophores. Org Lett 2019; 21:5373-5377. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Göbel
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nils Clamor
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institute for Inorganic and Crystallographic Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Boris J. Nachtsheim
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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30
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Nagaki A, Sasatsuki K, Ishiuchi S, Miuchi N, Takumi M, Yoshida JI. Synthesis of Functionalized Ketones from Acid Chlorides and Organolithiums by Extremely Fast Micromixing. Chemistry 2019; 25:4946-4950. [PMID: 30775815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of ketones containing various functional groups from acid chlorides bearing electrophilic functional groups and functionalized organolithiums was achieved using a flow microreactor system. Extremely fast mixing is important for high chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasatsuki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Emeritus Professor, Kyoto University, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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31
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Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Using Monolithic Pd Reactors and Scaling-Up by Series Connection of the Reactors. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The space integration of the lithiation of aryl halides, the borylation of aryllithiums, and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using a Pd catalyst supported by a polymer monolith flow reactor without using an intentionally added base was achieved. To scale up the process, a series connection of the monolith Pd reactor was examined. To suppress the increase in the pressure drop caused by the series connection, a monolith reactor having larger pore sizes was developed by varying the temperature of the monolith preparation. The monolithic Pd reactor having larger pore sizes enabled Suzuki–Miyaura coupling at a higher flow rate because of a lower pressure drop and, therefore, an increase in productivity. The present study indicates that series connection of the reactors with a higher flow rate serves as a good method for increasing the productivity without decreasing the yields.
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32
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Hirose K, Tsuchihashi Y, Yoshida JI. Alkyllithium Compounds Bearing Electrophilic Functional Groups: A Flash Chemistry Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4027-4030. [PMID: 30690827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Flash chemistry based on flow microreactor systems allowed alkyllithiums bearing electrophilic functional groups to be successfully generated and used for subsequent reactions. The series of reactions with high reactivity was achieved by extremely accurate control over residence time in a controlled and selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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33
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Baumann M. Integrating continuous flow synthesis with in-line analysis and data generation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:5946-5954. [PMID: 30062354 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow synthesis of fine chemicals has successfully advanced from an academic niche area to a rapidly growing field of its own that directly impacts developments and applications in industrial settings. Whilst the numerous advantages of flow over batch processing are widely recognised and have led to a wider uptake of continuous flow synthesis within the community, we have reached a point where continuous flow synthesis has to transition from a stand-alone enabling technology to a readily integrated synthesis concept. Thus it is paramount to embrace a multitude of in-line analysis and purification techniques to not only allow for efficiently telescoped multi-step sequences but ultimately generate bioactivity data concomitantly on newly synthesised entities. This short review summarises the state of the art in this field and presents both challenges and opportunities that arise from this ambitious endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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34
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Hirose K, Tsuchihashi Y, Yoshida J. Alkyllithium Compounds Bearing Electrophilic Functional Groups: A Flash Chemistry Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuchihashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of TechnologySuzuka College Shiroko-cho, Suzuka Mie 510-0294 Japan
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35
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Endo Y, Furusawa M, Shimazaki T, Takahashi Y, Nakahara Y, Nagaki A. Molecular Weight Distribution of Polymers Produced by Anionic Polymerization Enables Mixability Evaluation. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Endo
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Isolation And Purification Group, Process Development Section, Process Development Labs, Research Institute For Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Mai Furusawa
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Oppama Research Laboratory, Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2931, Urago-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-0062, Japan
| | - Toshiya Shimazaki
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Tacmina Co., 2-2-14 Awajimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0047, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakahara
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- New Frontiers Research Group, Frontier Research Labs., Institute For Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Micro Chemical Production Study Consortium in Kyoto University, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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36
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Maier MC, Lebl R, Sulzer P, Lechner J, Mayr T, Zadravec M, Slama E, Pfanner S, Schmölzer C, Pöchlauer P, Kappe CO, Gruber-Woelfler H. Development of customized 3D printed stainless steel reactors with inline oxygen sensors for aerobic oxidation of Grignard reagents in continuous flow. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of 3D printed stainless steel reactors for the oxidation of Grignard reagents in continuous flow.
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37
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Sulzer P, Lebl R, Kappe CO, Mayr T. Oxygen sensors for flow reactors – measuring dissolved oxygen in organic solvents. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We are demonstrating a solvent resistant optical sensor for measuring dissolved oxygen in pressurized micro flow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sulzer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
| | - René Lebl
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
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38
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Zhang CT, Zhu R, Wang Z, Ma B, Zajac A, Smiglak M, Xia CN, Castle S, Wang WL. Continuous flow synthesis of diaryl ketones by coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with acyl chlorides under mild conditions in the ecofriendly solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2199-2204. [PMID: 35516141 PMCID: PMC9059842 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient continuous flow sequential synthesis of diaryl ketones was achieved by coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with acyl chlorides in the bio-derived “green” solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) under mild reaction conditions (ambient temperature, 1 hour), allowing a safe and on-demand generation of 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propionitrile with a productivity of 3.16 g hour−1. Continuous flow method for parallel synthesis of diaryl ketones using commercially available reagents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Bing Ma
- Hybrid-Chem Technologies
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Adrian Zajac
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
- Poznan
- Poland
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Poznan Science and Technology Park
- Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation
- Poznan
- Poland
| | | | - Steven L. Castle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Brigham Young University
- Provo
- USA
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
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39
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Continuous flow chemistry: where are we now? Recent applications, challenges and limitations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13894-13928. [PMID: 30483683 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A general outlook of the changing face of chemical synthesis is provided in this article through recent applications of continuous flow processing in both industry and academia. The benefits, major challenges and limitations associated with the use of this mode of processing are also given due attention as an attempt to put into perspective the current position of continuous flow processing, either as an alternative or potential combinatory technology for batch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Akwi
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
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40
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Hone CA, Kappe CO. The Use of Molecular Oxygen for Liquid Phase Aerobic Oxidations in Continuous Flow. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 377:2. [PMID: 30536152 PMCID: PMC6290733 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is the ultimate “green” oxidant for organic synthesis. There has been recent intensive research within the synthetic community to develop new selective liquid phase aerobic oxidation methodologies as a response to the necessity to reduce the environmental impact of chemical synthesis and manufacture. Green and sustainable chemical processes rely not only on effective chemistry but also on the implementation of reactor technologies that enhance reaction performance and overall safety. Continuous flow reactors have facilitated safer and more efficient utilization of O2, whilst enabling protocols to be scalable. In this article, we discuss recent advancements in the utilization of continuous processing for aerobic oxidations. The translation of aerobic oxidation from batch protocols to continuous flow processes, including process intensification (high T/p), is examined. The use of “synthetic air”, typically consisting of less than 10% O2 in N2, is compared to pure O2 (100% O2) as an oxidant source in terms of process efficiency and safety. Examples of homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous (packed bed) catalysis are provided. The application of flow photoreactors for the in situ formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) for use in organic reactions, as well as the implementation of membrane technologies, green solvents and recent reactor solutions for handling O2 are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Hone
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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41
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Schwan J, Kleoff M, Hartmayer B, Heretsch P, Christmann M. Synthesis of Quinolinone Alkaloids via Aryne Insertions into Unsymmetric Imides in Flow. Org Lett 2018; 20:7661-7664. [PMID: 30479132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for the synthesis of 3,4-dioxygenated quinolin-2-one natural products is reported. The key step is a regioselective insertion of arynes into unsymmetric imides. When performed in continuous flow, the reaction proceeds within minutes, while lower yields and longer reaction times are observed in batch. The resulting N-acylated 2-aminobenzophenones were transformed to (±)-peniprequinolone, (±)-aflaquinolones E and F, (±)-6-deoxyaflaquinolone E, (±)-quinolinones A and B, and (±)-aniduquinolone C in 1-3 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwan
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Merlin Kleoff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bence Hartmayer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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42
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Thioesters from Thiols and Vinyl Esters in a Continuous-Flow Microreactor. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8060249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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43
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Pedersen MJ, Born S, Neuenschwander U, Skovby T, Mealy MJ, Kiil S, Dam-Johansen K, Jensen KF. Optimization of Grignard Addition to Esters: Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Model Phthalide Using Flow Chemistry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Pedersen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, 4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephen Born
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ulrich Neuenschwander
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tommy Skovby
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Oddenvej 182, 4500 Nykøbing Sjælland, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Kiil
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim Dam-Johansen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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44
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Reitti M, Gurubrahamam R, Walther M, Lindstedt E, Olofsson B. Synthesis of Phenols and Aryl Silyl Ethers via Arylation of Complementary Hydroxide Surrogates. Org Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Reitti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramani Gurubrahamam
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Walther
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindstedt
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Takahashi Y, Ishiuchi S, Imai K, Yoshida JI. Selective Mono Addition of Aryllithiums to Dialdehydes by Micromixing. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Imai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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46
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Ramanathan M, Wan J, Liu ST. Preparation of 3-hydroxyquinolines from direct oxidation of dihydroquinolinium salts. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38166-38174. [PMID: 35559109 PMCID: PMC9089837 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07940d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of functionalized 3,4-dihydroquinolinium salts were prepared from the reaction of aryldiazonium salt with alkene in a nitrile solution. Further oxidation yielding either 3-hydroxyquinoline or quinoline products was investigated. A one-pot process from aryldiazonium salts, alkenes and nitriles leading to 3-hydroxyquinolines was also developed. Furthermore, an intramolecular trapping of an N-arylnitrilium ion with a vinyl group at the ortho position leading to 2-substituted quinolines was revealed. 3-Hydroxyquinoline derivatives can be prepared by a cascade cyclization of aryldiazonium salts with nitriles and alkenes followed by oxygenation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 106
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 106
| | - Shiuh-Tzung Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan 106
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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48
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Ichinari D, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Generation of hazardous methyl azide and its application to synthesis of a key-intermediate of picarbutrazox, a new potent pesticide in flow. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6224-6228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Li D, Liu L, Tian Y, Ai Y, Tang Z, Sun HB, Zhang G. A flow strategy for the rapid, safe and scalable synthesis of N-H 1, 2, 3-triazoles via acetic acid mediated cycloaddition between nitroalkene and NaN3. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Britton J, Jamison TF. A Unified Continuous Flow Assembly-Line Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8823-8827. [PMID: 28544160 PMCID: PMC6990874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and modular continuous flow synthesis of highly functionalized fluorinated pyrazoles and pyrazolines has been developed. Flowing fluorinated amines through sequential reactor coils mediates diazoalkane formation and [3+2] cycloaddition to generate more than 30 azoles in a telescoped fashion. Pyrazole cores are then sequentially modified through additional reactor modules performing N-alkylation and arylation, deprotection, and amidation to install broad molecular diversity in short order. Continuous flow synthesis enables the safe handling of diazoalkanes at elevated temperatures, and the use of aryl alkyne dipolarphiles under catalyst free conditions. This assembly line synthesis provides a flexible approach for the synthesis of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, as demonstrated by a four-step, telescoped synthesis of measles therapeutic, AS-136A, in a total residence time of 31.7 min (1.76 g h-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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