1
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Kim JE, Son GE, Lim HJ, Jang YS, Song CH, Park CP. Cascade Sequence of Photooxygenation-Epoxidation for the Flow Synthesis of Epoxy Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6960-6965. [PMID: 38700900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A photooxygenation-epoxidation cascade sequence converting alkenes to epoxy alcohols was developed and evaluated in batch and continuous-flow systems. In the batch system, the undesired interactions between the photooxygenation and epoxidation catalysts resulted in suboptimal yields, whereas the fine control of reaction parameters in the flow system allowed the allyl hydroperoxides produced through photooxygenation of alkenes to be rapidly converted to epoxy alcohols in yields of up to 93%. The developed procedure allows one to avoid an important synthetic bottleneck, works well where traditional batch synthesis fails, and can be scaled up to meet the needs of industrial production, thus presenting a valuable addition to the toolbox of practicing organic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Go Eun Son
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Yea Seul Jang
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Chan Ho Song
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Chan Pil Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
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2
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Zhang S, Zhang S, Fan Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Jin C, Chen S, Wang L, Zhang Q, Chen Y. Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Neaumycin B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313186. [PMID: 37889502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the proposed structure of anti-glioblastoma natural product neaumycin B was achieved in 22 steps (longest linear sequence). The synthesis features HCl-mediated [6,6]-spiroketalization, a combination of Krische iridium-catalyzed crotylation, Marshall palladium-catalyzed propargylation, Fürstner nickel-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective vicinal monoprotected diol formation, Brown crotylation and asymmetric halide-aldehyde cycloaddition, so as to establish the challenging contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Songming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Xuhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Chaofan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353 (P. R. China)
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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3
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Lei Z, Ang HT, Wu J. Advanced In-Line Purification Technologies in Multistep Continuous Flow Pharmaceutical Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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4
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Heretsch P. Modern flow chemistry - prospect and advantage. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:33-35. [PMID: 36686042 PMCID: PMC9830491 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Heretsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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5
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Wan L, Kong G, Liu M, Jiang M, Cheng D, Chen F. Flow chemistry in the multi-step synthesis of natural products. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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6
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Li W, Jiang M, Liu M, Ling X, Xia Y, Wan L, Chen F. Development of a Fully Continuous-Flow Approach Towards Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Tetrahydroprotoberberine Natural Alkaloids. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200700. [PMID: 35357730 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow synthetic technologies had been widely applied in the total synthesis in the past few decades. Fully continuous flow synthesis is still extremely focused on multi-step synthesis of complex natural pharmaceutical molecules. Thus, the development of fully continuous flow total synthesis of natural products is in demand but challenging. Herein, we demonstrated the first fully continuous flow approach towards asymmetric total synthesis of natural tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids, (-)-isocanadine, (-)-tetrahydropseudocoptisine, (-)-stylopine and (-)-nandinine. This method features a concise linear sequence involving four chemical transformations and three on-line work-up processing in an integrated flow platform, without any intermediate purification. The overall yield and enantioselectivity of this four-step continuous flow chemistry were up to 50 % and 92 %ee, respectively, in a total residence time of 32.5 min, corresponding to a throughput of 145 mg/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Li
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xu Ling
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingqi Xia
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Wan
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China
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7
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Zhong J, Yuan G, Liu J, Yu S, Wang X, Bian Q, Wang M. Enantioselective Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of Lichen Moth, Miltochrista calamine, and Its Diastereomer. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe synthesis of a Miltochrista calamine sex pheromone and its diastereomer has been developed. The key steps of the synthetic approach involved Evans’ chiral auxiliaries and the addition of alkyne to aldehyde, which were firstly applied to prepare this sex pheromone and its diastereomer. The synthetic sex pheromone could be used to trap insects and study physiological and ecological questions of the lichen moth.
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8
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Rossouw NP, Rizzacasa MA, Polyzos A. Flow-Assisted Synthesis of Alkyl Citrate Natural Products. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14223-14231. [PMID: 34614355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of a flow-assisted synthesis of alkyl citrate natural products is described. The flow route harnesses a number of steps including the generation of ketene silyl acetal, a formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition, and a methanolysis cascade to efficiently generate a highly substituted, and stereodefined tetrahydrofuran intermediate. A heterogeneous pseudo-Finkelstein reaction and zinc-mediated elimination furnish a key alkene alkyl citrate fragment in high yield over a multistep sequence that provides direct entry to compounds such as (-)-CJ-13982 (1), (-)-CJ-13,981 (2), L-731,120 (3), and related natural products. The flow methodology developed in this study enables a new machine-assisted approach toward the efficient and scalable synthesis of the alkyl citrate family of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Piers Rossouw
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Rizzacasa
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anastasios Polyzos
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Tadros J, Dankers C, Aldrich‐Wright JR, Polyzos A, Gordon CP. A Solid‐Phase Assisted Flow Approach to
In Situ
Wittig‐Type Olefination Coupling. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tadros
- School of Science Western Sydney University 1797 Locked Bag Penrith South DC Australia
| | - Christian Dankers
- School of Science Western Sydney University 1797 Locked Bag Penrith South DC Australia
| | - Janice R. Aldrich‐Wright
- School of Science Western Sydney University 1797 Locked Bag Penrith South DC Australia
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group Western Sydney University 1797 Locked Bag Penrith South DC Australia
| | - Anastasios Polyzos
- CSIRO Manufacturing The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Research Way 3168 Clayton Victoria Australia
- School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne 3010 Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science Western Sydney University 1797 Locked Bag Penrith South DC Australia
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group Western Sydney University 1797 Locked Bag Penrith South DC Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group Western Sydney University School of Medicine Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive 2560 Campbelltown NSW Australia
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10
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Breen CP, Nambiar AM, Jamison TF, Jensen KF. Ready, Set, Flow! Automated Continuous Synthesis and Optimization. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Ricca M, Rizzacasa MA. Chemistry and biology of spiroacetals from myxobacteria. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2871-2890. [PMID: 33683270 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review details the isolation, biosynthesis, biological activity and synthesis of spiroacetals from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. The strategies utilised to access the challenging structures and stereochemistry of these natural products are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ricca
- School of Chemistry, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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12
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Ley SV, Chen Y, Robinson A, Otter B, Godineau E, Battilocchio C. A Comment on Continuous Flow Technologies within the Agrochemical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Alan Robinson
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Otter
- Process Technology New Active Ingredients, Syngenta Crop Protection, CH-4333 Münchwilen, Switzerland
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
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13
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High-pressure asymmetric hydrogenation in a customized flow reactor and its application in multi-step flow synthesis of chiral drugs. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Benítez-Mateos AI, Contente ML, Roura Padrosa D, Paradisi F. Flow biocatalysis 101: design, development and applications. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flow biocatalysis: where to start? This tutorial review aims to guide and inspire new-comers to the field to boost the potential of flow biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- Bern
- Switzerland
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15
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Han S, Kashfipour MA, Ramezani M, Abolhasani M. Accelerating gas-liquid chemical reactions in flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10593-10606. [PMID: 32785297 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03511d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, continuous flow reactors have emerged as a powerful tool for accelerated fundamental and applied studies of gas-liquid reactions, offering facile gas delivery and process intensification. In particular, unique features of highly gas-permeable tubular membranes in flow reactors (i.e., tube-in-tube flow reactor configuration) have been exploited as (i) an efficient analytic tool for gas-liquid solubility and diffusivity measurements and (ii) reliable gas delivery/generation strategy, providing versatile adaptability for a wide range of gas-liquid processes. The tube-in-tube flow reactors have been successfully adopted for rapid exploration of a wide range of gas-liquid reactions (e.g., amination, carboxylation, carbonylation, hydrogenation, ethylenation, oxygenation) using gaseous species both as the reactant and the product, safely handling toxic and flammable gases or unstable intermediate compounds. In this highlight, we present an overview of recent developments in the utilization of such intensified flow reactors within modular flow chemistry platforms for different gas-liquid processes involving carbon dioxide, oxygen, and other gases. We provide a detailed step-by-step guideline for robust assembly and safe operation of tube-in-tube flow reactors. We also discuss the current challenges and potential future directions for further development and utilization of tubular membrane-based flow reactors for gas-liquid processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyong Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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16
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Pastre JC, Murray PRD, Browne DL, Brancaglion GA, Galaverna RS, Pilli RA, Ley SV. Integrated Batch and Continuous Flow Process for the Synthesis of Goniothalamin. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18472-18483. [PMID: 32743225 PMCID: PMC7391960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An integrated batch and continuous flow process has been developed for the gram-scale synthesis of goniothalamin. The synthetic route hinges upon a telescoped continuous flow Grignard addition followed by an acylation reaction capable of delivering a racemic goniothalamin precursor (16) (20.9 g prepared over 3 h), with a productivity of 7 g·h-1. An asymmetric Brown allylation protocol was also evaluated under continuous flow conditions. This approach employing (-)-Ipc2B(allyl) provided an (S)-goniothalamin intermediate in 98% yield and 91.5% enantiomeric excess (ee) with a productivity of 1.8 g·h-1. For the final step, a ring-closing metathesis reaction was explored under several conditions in both batch and flow regimes. In a batch operation, the Grubbs second-generation was shown to be effective and highly selective for the desired ring closure product over those arising from other modes of reactivity, and the reaction was complete in 1.5 h. In a flow operation, reactivity and selectivity were attenuated relative to the batch mode; however, after further optimization, the residence time could be reduced to 16 min with good selectivity and good yield of the target product. A tube-in-tube reactor was investigated for in-situ ethylene removal to favor ring-closing over cross-metathesis, in this context. These results provide further evidence of the utility of flow chemistry for organometallic processing and reaction telescoping. Using the developed integrated batch and flow methods, a total of 7.75 g of goniothalamin (1) was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Pastre
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- . Phone: +55 (19)
3521 3143
| | - Philip R. D. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Guilherme A. Brancaglion
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan S. Galaverna
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A. Pilli
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- . Phone: +55 (19) 3521 3422
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- . Phone: +44 (0) 1223 336398
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Morodo
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis MolSys Research Unit University of Liège B‐4000 Liège (Sart Tilman) Belgium
| | - Pauline Bianchi
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis MolSys Research Unit University of Liège B‐4000 Liège (Sart Tilman) Belgium
| | - Jean‐Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis MolSys Research Unit University of Liège B‐4000 Liège (Sart Tilman) Belgium
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18
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Lee J, Kim J, Lee HY. Au(I)-Catalyzed Cyclization of Epoxyalkynes to Allylic Alcohol Containing Spiroketals and Application to the Total Synthesis of (-)-Alotaketal A. Org Lett 2020; 22:4073-4077. [PMID: 32391700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed tandem spiroketalization of epoxyalkynes accompanied by epoxide rearrangement into the corresponding allylic alcohol was developed for the construction of functionalized spiroketals. This new synthetic methodology for unsaturated spiroketals warranted a facile total synthesis of alotaketal A from carvone via a corresponding epoxyalkyne precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Dajeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiheon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Dajeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Dajeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Abstract
A reactor capable of efficiently collecting kinetic data in flow is presented. Conversion over time data is obtained by cycling a discrete reaction slug back and forth between two residence coils, with analysis performed each time the solution is passed between the two. In contrast to a traditional steady-state continuous flow system, which requires upward of 5× the total reaction time to obtain reaction progress data, this design achieves much higher efficiency by collecting all data during a single reaction. In combination with minimal material consumption (reactions performed in 300 μL slugs), this represents an improvement in efficiency for typical kinetic experimentation in batch as well. Application to kinetic analysis of a wide variety of transformations (acylation, SNAr, silylation, solvolysis, Pd catalyzed C-S cross-coupling and cycloadditions) is demonstrated, highlighting both the versatility of the reactor and the benefits of performing kinetic analysis as a routine part of reaction optimization/development. Extension to the monitoring of multiple reactions simultaneously is also realized by operating the reactor with multiple reaction slugs at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Sullivan
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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20
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Liu Z, Li M, Deng G, Wei W, Feng P, Zi Q, Li T, Zhang H, Yang X, Walsh PJ. Transition-metal-free C(sp 3)-H/C(sp 3)-H dehydrogenative coupling of saturated heterocycles with N-benzyl imines. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7619-7625. [PMID: 34094139 PMCID: PMC8152681 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H dehydrocoupling of N-benzylimines with saturated heterocycles is described. Using super electron donor (SED) 2-azaallyl anions and aryl iodides as electron acceptors, single-electron-transfer (SET) generates an aryl radical. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from saturated heterocycles or toluenes to the aryl radical generates alkyl radicals or benzylic radicals, respectively. The newly formed alkyl radicals and benzylic radicals couple with the 2-azaallyl radicals with formation of new C-C bonds. Experimental evidence supports the key hydrogen-abstraction by the aryl radical, which determines the chemoselectivity of the radical-radical coupling reaction. It is noteworthy that this procedure avoids the use of traditional strong oxidants and transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Guogang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Wanshi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Ping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Quanxing Zi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Florida 2181 McCarty Hall A Gainesville FL 32611-0290 USA
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
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21
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Dorakumbura BN, Busetti F, Lewis SW. Analysis of squalene and its transformation by-products in latent fingermarks by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry. Forensic Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2019.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Lee HJ, Roberts RC, Im DJ, Yim SJ, Kim H, Kim JT, Kim DP. Enhanced Controllability of Fries Rearrangements Using High-Resolution 3D-Printed Metal Microreactor with Circular Channel. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1905005. [PMID: 31729122 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution 3D-printed stainless steel metal microreactors (3D-PMRs) with different cross-sectional geometry are fabricated to control ultrafast intramolecular rearrangement reactions in a comparative manner. The 3D-PMR with circular channel demonstrates the improved controllability in rapid Fries-type rearrangement reactions, because of the superior mixing efficiency to rectangular cross-section channels (250 µm × 125 µm) which is confirmed based on the computational flow dynamics simulation. Even in case of very rapid intramolecular rearrangement of sterically small acetyl group occurring in 333 µs of reaction time, the desired intermolecular reaction can outpace to the undesired intramolecular rearrangement using 3D-PMR to result in high conversion and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyune-Jea Lee
- Centre for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Robert C Roberts
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Se-Jun Yim
- Centre for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Centre for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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23
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Tissot M, Jacq J, Pasau P. Stereospecific Amination of Mesylated Cyclobutanol in Continuous Flow. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Tissot
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l’industrie, 1420 Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Jacq
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l’industrie, 1420 Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pasau
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l’industrie, 1420 Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
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24
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Aka EC, Wimmer E, Barré E, Vasudevan N, Cortés-Borda D, Ekou T, Ekou L, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Felpin FX. Reconfigurable Flow Platform for Automated Reagent Screening and Autonomous Optimization for Bioinspired Lignans Synthesis. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14101-14112. [PMID: 31568728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring benzoxanthenones, which belong to the vast family of lignans, are promising biologically relevant targets. They are biosynthetically produced by the oxidative dimerization of 2-propenyl phenols. In this manuscript, we disclose a powerful automated flow-based strategy for identifying and optimizing a cobalt-catalyzed oxidizing system for the bioinspired dimerization of 2-propenyl phenols. We designed a reconfigurable flow reactor associating online monitoring and process control instrumentation. Our machine was first configured as an automated screening platform to evaluate a matrix of 4 catalysts (plus the blank) and 5 oxidants (plus the blank) at two different temperatures, resulting in an array of 50 reactions. The automated screening was conducted on micromole scale at a rate of one fully characterized reaction every 26 min. After having identified the most promising cobalt-catalyzed oxidizing system, the automated screening platform was straightforwardly reconfigured to an autonomous self-optimizing flow reactor by implementation of an optimization algorithm in the closed-loop system. The optimization campaign allowed the determination of very effective experimental conditions in a limited number of experiments, which allowed us to prepare the natural products carpanone and polemannone B as well as synthetic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehu Camille Aka
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Eric Wimmer
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Elvina Barré
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Natarajan Vasudevan
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Daniel Cortés-Borda
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Tchirioua Ekou
- Université Nangui Abrogoua , Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu , 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Lynda Ekou
- Université Nangui Abrogoua , Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu , 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mireia Rodriguez-Zubiri
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
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25
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26
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Lee H, Kim H, Kim D. From
p
‐Xylene to Ibuprofen in Flow: Three‐Step Synthesis by a Unified Sequence of Chemoselective C−H Metalations. Chemistry 2019; 25:11641-11645. [PMID: 31338883 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyune‐Jea Lee
- Centre for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis Department of Chemical Engineering POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology) Pohang 790-784 South Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea
| | - Dong‐Pyo Kim
- Centre for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis Department of Chemical Engineering POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology) Pohang 790-784 South Korea
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27
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Baumann M. Integrating continuous flow synthesis with in-line analysis and data generation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:5946-5954. [PMID: 30062354 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow synthesis of fine chemicals has successfully advanced from an academic niche area to a rapidly growing field of its own that directly impacts developments and applications in industrial settings. Whilst the numerous advantages of flow over batch processing are widely recognised and have led to a wider uptake of continuous flow synthesis within the community, we have reached a point where continuous flow synthesis has to transition from a stand-alone enabling technology to a readily integrated synthesis concept. Thus it is paramount to embrace a multitude of in-line analysis and purification techniques to not only allow for efficiently telescoped multi-step sequences but ultimately generate bioactivity data concomitantly on newly synthesised entities. This short review summarises the state of the art in this field and presents both challenges and opportunities that arise from this ambitious endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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28
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Ciogli A, Capitani D, Di Iorio N, Crotti S, Bencivenni G, Donzello MP, Villani C. A Silica-Supported Catalyst Containing 9-Amino-9-deoxy-9-epi
-quinine and a Benzoic Acid Derivative for Stereoselective Batch and Flow Heterogeneous Reactions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro, 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR; Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche; Lab. di Risonanza Magnetica “Annalaura Segre”; Via Salaria km 29,300 C.P. 10 Monterotondo Stazione Roma Italy
| | - Nicola Di Iorio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna; Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Simone Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna; Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Giorgio Bencivenni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna; Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro, 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro, 5 00185 Roma Italy
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29
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Jaman Z, Sobreira TJP, Mufti A, Ferreira CR, Cooks RG, Thompson DH. Rapid On-Demand Synthesis of Lomustine under Continuous Flow Conditions. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zinia Jaman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tiago J. P. Sobreira
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ahmed Mufti
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christina R. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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30
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Seo CSG, Morris RH. Catalytic Homogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Successes and Opportunities. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris S. G. Seo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, M5S3H6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, M5S3H6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Continuous flow chemistry: where are we now? Recent applications, challenges and limitations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13894-13928. [PMID: 30483683 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A general outlook of the changing face of chemical synthesis is provided in this article through recent applications of continuous flow processing in both industry and academia. The benefits, major challenges and limitations associated with the use of this mode of processing are also given due attention as an attempt to put into perspective the current position of continuous flow processing, either as an alternative or potential combinatory technology for batch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Akwi
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
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32
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Colella M, Carlucci C, Luisi R. Supported Catalysts for Continuous Flow Synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:46. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Fitzpatrick DE, Maujean T, Evans AC, Ley SV. Across‐the‐World Automated Optimization and Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Agents Operating Through a Cloud‐Based Server. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothé Maujean
- Département de ChimieEcole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay 94235 Cachan Cedex France
| | - Amanda C. Evans
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryCalifornia State University Fullerton 800 N. State College Blvd. Fullerton CA 92831 USA
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge UK
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34
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Fitzpatrick DE, Maujean T, Evans AC, Ley SV. Across-the-World Automated Optimization and Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Agents Operating Through a Cloud-Based Server. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15128-15132. [PMID: 30272384 PMCID: PMC6391944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The power of the Cloud has been harnessed for pharmaceutical compound production with remote servers based in Tokyo, Japan being left to autonomously find optimal synthesis conditions for three active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in laboratories in Cambridge, UK. A researcher located in Los Angeles, USA controlled the entire process via an internet connection. The constituent synthetic steps for Tramadol, Lidocaine, and Bupropion were thus optimized with minimal intervention from operators within hours, yielding conditions satisfying customizable evaluation functions for all examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothé Maujean
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, 94235, Cachan Cedex, France
| | - Amanda C Evans
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
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35
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Neyt NC, Riley DL. Mild and selective reduction of aldehydes utilising sodium dithionite under flow conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1529-1536. [PMID: 30013679 PMCID: PMC6036987 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported a novel hybrid batch–flow synthesis of the antipsychotic drug clozapine in which the reduction of a nitroaryl group is described under flow conditions using sodium dithionite. We now report the expansion of this method to include the reduction of aldehydes. The method developed affords yields which are comparable to those under batch conditions, has a reduced reaction time and improved space-time productivity. Furthermore, the approach allows the selective reduction of aldehydes in the presence of ketones and has been demonstrated as a continuous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Neyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Darren L Riley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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36
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Ramanjaneyulu BT, Vishwakarma NK, Vidyacharan S, Adiyala PR, Kim DP. Towards Versatile Continuous-Flow Chemistry and Process Technology Via New Conceptual Microreactor Systems. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bandaru T. Ramanjaneyulu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Niraj K. Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Shinde Vidyacharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Praveen Reddy Adiyala
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
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37
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Pflästerer D, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalizations and Spiroketalizations of Alkynes as Key Steps in Total Synthesis. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pflästerer
- Heidelberg University; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Heidelberg University; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Heidelberg University; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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38
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Trobe M, Burke MD. The Molecular Industrial Revolution: Automated Synthesis of Small Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4192-4214. [PMID: 29513400 PMCID: PMC5912692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Today we are poised for a transition from the highly customized crafting of specific molecular targets by hand to the increasingly general and automated assembly of different types of molecules with the push of a button. Creating machines that are capable of making many different types of small molecules on demand, akin to that which has been achieved on the macroscale with 3D printers, is challenging. Yet important progress is being made toward this objective with two complementary approaches: 1) Automation of customized synthesis routes to different targets by machines that enable the use of many reactions and starting materials, and 2) automation of generalized platforms that make many different targets using common coupling chemistry and building blocks. Continued progress in these directions has the potential to shift the bottleneck in molecular innovation from synthesis to imagination, and thereby help drive a new industrial revolution on the molecular scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Trobe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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39
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Trobe M, Burke MD. Die molekulare industrielle Revolution: zur automatisierten Synthese organischer Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Trobe
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews, 454 RAL Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews, 454 RAL Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA
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40
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Abstract
Organic chemistry is continually evolving to improve the syntheses of value added and bioactive compounds. Through this progression, a concomitant advancement in laboratory technology has occurred. Many researchers now choose to mediate transformations in continuous-flow systems given the many benefits over round bottom flasks. Furthermore, reaction scale up is often less problematic as this is addressed at the inception of the science. Although single-step transformations in continuous-flow systems are common, multi-step transformations are more valuable. In these systems, molecular complexity is accrued through sequential transformations to a mobile scaffold, much like an in vitro version of Nature's polyketide synthases. Utilizing this methodology, multi-step continuous-flow systems have improved the syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), natural products, and commodity chemicals. This Review details these advancements while highlighting the rapid progress, benefits, and diversification of this expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Colin L Raston
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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41
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Fitzpatrick DE, Mutton RJ, Ley SV. In-line separation of multicomponent reaction mixtures using a new semi-continuous supercritical fluid chromatography system. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new bespoke semi-continuous parallel column supercritical fluid chromatography unit has been developed that solves the problem of effective separation of continuous, multicomponent reaction mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Fitzpatrick
- Innovative Technology Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Robbie J. Mutton
- Innovative Technology Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
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42
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Vasudevan N, Sharma MK, Reddy DS, Kulkarni AA. A multi-step continuous flow synthesis of the cystic fibrosis medicine ivacaftor. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A continuous flow ozonolysis method combined with a multi-step flow sequence is developed for the synthesis of the drug ivacaftor for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Vasudevan
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - Mrityunjay K. Sharma
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - D. Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - Amol A. Kulkarni
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
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43
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SOUZA JULIANAMDE, GALAVERNA RENAN, SOUZA ALINEADE, BROCKSOM TIMOTHYJ, PASTRE JULIOC, SOUZA RODRIGOODE, OLIVEIRA KLEBERTDE. Impact of continuous flow chemistry in the synthesis of natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:1131-1174. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Lee HJ, Kim H, Yoshida JI, Kim DP. Control of tandem isomerizations: flow-assisted reactions of o-lithiated aryl benzyl ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:547-550. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a flow microreactor platform for controlling tandem isomerizations of o-lithiated aryl benzyl ethers based on precise residence time control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyune-Jea Lee
- Centre for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology)
- Pohang
- South Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Centre for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology)
- Pohang
- South Korea
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45
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Zhang FM, Zhang SY, Tu YQ. Recent progress in the isolation, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and total synthesis of natural spiroketals. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:75-104. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The isolation, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and total synthesis of natural spiroketals from 2011 to July 2017 have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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46
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Abstract
Small-molecule drug discovery can be viewed as a challenging multidimensional problem in which various characteristics of compounds - including efficacy, pharmacokinetics and safety - need to be optimized in parallel to provide drug candidates. Recent advances in areas such as microfluidics-assisted chemical synthesis and biological testing, as well as artificial intelligence systems that improve a design hypothesis through feedback analysis, are now providing a basis for the introduction of greater automation into aspects of this process. This could potentially accelerate time frames for compound discovery and optimization and enable more effective searches of chemical space. However, such approaches also raise considerable conceptual, technical and organizational challenges, as well as scepticism about the current hype around them. This article aims to identify the approaches and technologies that could be implemented robustly by medicinal chemists in the near future and to critically analyse the opportunities and challenges for their more widespread application.
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47
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Recent applications of gold-catalyzed cascade reactions in total synthesis of natural product. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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48
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Marro EA, Press EM, Purkait TK, Jimenez D, Siegler MA, Klausen RS. Cooperative Noncovalent Interactions Induce Ion Pair Separation in Diphenylsilanides. Chemistry 2017; 23:15633-15637. [PMID: 28940844 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Marro
- Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Eric M. Press
- Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Tapas K. Purkait
- Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Daniel Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Rebekka S. Klausen
- Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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49
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Groves LM, Schotten C, Beames J, Platts JA, Coles SJ, Horton PN, Browne DL, Pope SJA. From Ligand to Phosphor: Rapid, Machine-Assisted Synthesis of Substituted Iridium(III) Pyrazolate Complexes with Tuneable Luminescence. Chemistry 2017; 23:9407-9418. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara M. Groves
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Christiane Schotten
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Joseph Beames
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - James A. Platts
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Peter N. Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Park Place; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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50
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Lin H, Dai C, Jamison TF, Jensen KF. A Rapid Total Synthesis of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride in Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Chunhui Dai
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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