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Sian L, Dall’Anese A, Macchioni A, Tensi L, Busico V, Cipullo R, Goryunov GP, Uborsky D, Voskoboynikov AZ, Ehm C, Rocchigiani L, Zuccaccia C. Role of Solvent Coordination on the Structure and Dynamics of ansa-Zirconocenium Ion Pairs in Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sian
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Dall’Anese
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Tensi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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2
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Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A. Hemi-metallocene Ti(IV) η3-allyl-type complexes: Structure, dynamics in solution and exploration of reactivity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Richardson GM, Douair I, Cameron SA, Bracegirdle J, Keyzers RA, Hill MS, Maron L, Anker MD. Hydroarylation of olefins catalysed by a dimeric ytterbium(II) alkyl. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3147. [PMID: 34035284 PMCID: PMC8149703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the nucleophilic alkylation of aromatics has recently been achieved with a variety of potent main group reagents, all of this reactivity is limited to a stoichiometric regime. We now report that the ytterbium(II) hydride, [BDIDippYbH]2 (BDIDipp = CH[C(CH3)NDipp]2, Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), reacts with ethene and propene to provide the ytterbium(II) n-alkyls, [BDIDippYbR]2 (R = Et or Pr), both of which alkylate benzene at room temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this latter process operates through the nucleophilic (SN2) displacement of hydride, while the resultant regeneration of [BDIDippYbH]2 facilitates further reaction with ethene or propene and enables the direct catalytic (anti-Markovnikov) hydroarylation of both alkenes with a benzene C-H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Richardson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Iskander Douair
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, Toulouse, France
| | - Scott A Cameron
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joe Bracegirdle
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathew D Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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4
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Chain Transfer to Solvent and Monomer in Early Transition Metal Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization: Mechanisms and Implications for Catalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Even after several decades of intense research, mechanistic studies of olefin polymerization by early transition metal catalysts continue to reveal unexpected elementary reaction steps. In this mini-review, the recent discovery of two unprecedented chain termination processes is summarized: chain transfer to solvent (CTS) and chain transfer to monomer (CTM), leading to benzyl/tolyl and allyl type chain ends, respectively. Although similar transfer reactions are well-known in radical polymerization, only very recently they have been observed also in olefin insertion polymerization catalysis. In the latter context, these processes were first identified in Ti-catalyzed propene and ethene polymerization; more recently, CTS was also reported in Sc-catalyzed styrene polymerization. In the Ti case, these processes represent a unique combination of insertion polymerization, organic radical chemistry and reactivity of a M(IV)/M(III) redox couple. In the Sc case, CTS occurs via a σ-bond metathesis reactivity, and it is associated with a significant boost of catalytic activity and/or with tuning of polystyrene molecular weight and tacticity. The mechanistic studies that led to the understanding of these chain transfer reactions are summarized, highlighting their relevance in olefin polymerization catalysis and beyond.
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5
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Nifant'ev IE, Ivchenko PV, Vinogradov AA. Heterocycle-fused cyclopentadienyl metal complexes: Heterocene synthesis, structure and catalytic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Experimental and Theoretical Study of Zirconocene-Catalyzed Oligomerization of 1-Octene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071590. [PMID: 32708995 PMCID: PMC7407618 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconocene-catalyzed coordination oligomerization of higher α-olefins is of theoretical and practical interest. In this paper, we present the results of experimental and theoretical study of α-olefin oligomerization, catalyzed by (η5-C5H5)]2ZrX21/1′ and O[SiMe2(η5-C5H4)]2ZrX22/2′ (X = Cl, Me) with the activation by modified methylalymoxane MMAO-12 or by perfluoroalkyl borate [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] (NBF) in the presence and in the absence of organoaluminium compounds, Al(CH2CHMe2)3 (TIBA) and/or Et2AlCl. Under the conditions providing a conventional mononuclear reaction mechanism, 1′ catalyzed dimerization with low selectivity, while 2′ initiated the formation of oligomers in equal mass ratio. The presence of TIBA and especially Et2AlCl resulted in an increase of the selectivity of dimerization. Quantum chemical simulations of the main and side processes performed at the M-06x/ DGDZVP level of the density functional theory (DFT) allowed to explain experimental results involving traditional mononuclear and novel Zr-Al1 and Zr-Al2 mechanistic concepts.
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7
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Joshi A, Zijlstra HS, Collins S, McIndoe JS. Catalyst Deactivation Processes during 1-Hexene Polymerization. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700
STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Harmen S. Zijlstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700
STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Scott Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700
STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - J. Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700
STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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8
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Fair Look at Coordination Oligomerization of Higher α-Olefins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051082. [PMID: 32397482 PMCID: PMC7285168 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination catalysis is a highly efficient alternative to more traditional acid catalysis in the oligomerization of α-olefins. The distinct advantage of transition metal-based catalysts is the structural homogeneity of the oligomers. Given the great diversity of the catalysts and option of varying the reaction conditions, a wide spectrum of processes can be implemented. In recent years, both methylenealkanes (vinylidene dimers of α-olefins) and structurally uniform oligomers with the desired degrees of polymerization have become available for later use in the synthesis of amphiphilic organic compounds and polymers, high-quality oils or lubricants, and other prospective materials. In the present review, we discussed the selective dimerization and oligomerization of α-olefins, catalyzed by metallocene and post-metallocene complexes, and explored the prospects for the further applications of the coordination α-olefin dimers and oligomers.
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9
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Berg DJ, Gajecki L, Hill H, Twamley B. (μ-Di- tert-butyl-silanediolato)bis-[bis-(η 5-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)methyl-zirconium]. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1848-1852. [PMID: 31871743 PMCID: PMC6895932 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019014762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of t-Bu2Si(OH)2 with two equivalents of Cp2Zr(CH3)2 produces the title t-Bu2SiO2-siloxide bridged dimer, [Zr2(CH3)2(C5H5)4(C8H18O2Si)] or [Cp2Zr(CH3)]2[μ-t-Bu2SiO2] (1), where one methyl group is retained per zirconium atom. The same product is obtained at room temperature even when equimolar ratios of the silanediol and Cp2Zr(CH3)2 are used. Attempts to thermally eliminate methane and produce a bridging methyl-ene complex resulted in decomposition. The crystal structure of 1 displays typical Zr-CH3 and Zr-O distances but the Si-O distance [1.628 (2) Å] and O-Si-O angle [110.86 (15)°] are among the largest observed in this family of compounds suggesting steric crowding between the t-Bu substituents of the silicon atom and the cyclo-penta-dienyl groups. The silicon atom lies on a crystallographic twofold axis and both Cp rings are disordered over two orientations of equal occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Berg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Leah Gajecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Hunter Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Desert X, Proutiere F, Welle A, Den Dauw K, Vantomme A, Miserque O, Brusson JM, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Zirconocene-Catalyzed Polymerization of α-Olefins: When Intrinsic Higher Activity Is Flawed by Rapid Deactivation. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Desert
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Fabien Proutiere
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Alexandre Welle
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Katty Den Dauw
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Vantomme
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Olivier Miserque
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Brusson
- Total S.A., Direction R&D Groupe, Tour Michelet A, 24 Cours Michelet − La Défense 10, F-92069 Paris La Défense Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
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11
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Catalyst Speciation During ansa-Zirconocene-Catalyzed Polymerization of 1-Hexene Studied by UV-vis Spectroscopy-Formation and Partial Re-Activation of Zr-Allyl Intermediates. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060936. [PMID: 31146475 PMCID: PMC6630943 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalyst speciation during polymerization of 1-hexene in benzene or toluene solutions of the catalyst precursor SBIZr(μ-Me)2AlMe2+ B(C6F5)4− (SBI = rac-dimethylsilyl-bis(1-indenyl)) at 23 °C is studied by following the accompanying UV-vis-spectral changes. These indicate that the onset of polymerization catalysis is associated with the concurrent formation of two distinct zirconocene species. One of these is proposed to consist of SBIZr-σ-polyhexenyl cations arising from SBIZr-Me+ (formed from SBIZr(μ-Me)2AlMe2+ by release of AlMe3) by repeated olefin insertions, while the other one is proposed to consist of SBIZr-η3-allyl cations of composition SBIZr-η3-(1-R-C3H4)+ (R = n-propyl), formed by σ-bond metathesis between SBIZr-Me+ and 1-hexene under release of methane. At later reaction stages, all zirconocene-σ–polymeryl cations appear to decay to yet another SBIZr-allyl species, i.e., to cations of the type SBIZr-η3-(x-R-(3-x)-pol-C3H3)+ (pol = i-polyhexenyl, x = 1 or 2). Renewed addition of excess 1-hexene is proposed to convert these sterically encumbered Zr-allyl cations back to catalytically active SBIZr-σ–polymeryl cations within a few seconds, presumably by initial 1-hexene insertion into the η1- isomer, followed by repeated additional insertions, while the initially formed, less crowded allyl cations, SBIZr-η3-(1-R-C3H4)+ appear to remain unchanged. Implications of these results with regard to the kinetics of zirconocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization are discussed.
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12
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Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. Toluene and α-Olefins as Radical Scavengers: Direct NMR Evidence for Homolytic Chain Transfer Mechanism Leading to Benzyl and “Dormant” Titanium Allyl Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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13
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Xing J, Sun H, Xue B, Li X, Fuhr O, Fenske D. Formation of 2-Azaallyl Cobalt(I) Complexes by Csp3–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Xing
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benjing Xue
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional
Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250199 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institut
für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility
(KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dieter Fenske
- Institut
für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility
(KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Theurkauff G, Bondon A, Dorcet V, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Heterobi- and -trimetallic Ion Pairs of Zirconocene-Based Isoselective Olefin Polymerization Catalysts with AlMe3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Theurkauff G, Bondon A, Dorcet V, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Heterobi- and -trimetallic Ion Pairs of Zirconocene-Based Isoselective Olefin Polymerization Catalysts with AlMe₃. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6343-6. [PMID: 25851273 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity towards AlMe3 of discrete cationic ansa-zirconocenes 2 a,b that are ubiquitously used in isoselective propylene polymerization and based on [{Ph(H)C(3,6-tBu2-Flu)(3-tBu-5-Et-Cp)}ZrMe2)] {Cp-Flu} and rac-[{Me2Si-(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)2}ZrMe2] {SBI} was scrutinized. The first example of a structurally characterized Group 4 metallocene AlMe3 adduct (3 b) is reported. In the presence of excess AlMe3, the {SBI}-based AlMe3 adduct 3 b undergoes a slow decomposition via C-H activation in a bridging methyl unit to yield a new species (4 b) with a trimetallic {Zr(μ-CH2)(μ-Me)AlMe(μ-Me)AlMe2} core. EXSY NMR data for the process 2 b⇄3 b→4 b suggest very rapid and reversible binding of an additional AlMe3 molecule onto AlMe3 adduct 3 b. The resulting heterotrimetallic species intermediates exchange of methyl groups between different metal centers and slowly undergoes the C-H activation reaction towards 4 b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Theurkauff
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
| | - Arnaud Bondon
- Ingénierie Chimique et Molécules pour le Vivant, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (France)
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France).,Centre de diffraction X, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (France)
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France).
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France).
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16
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Vatamanu M. Observation of zirconium allyl species formed during zirconocene-catalyzed propene polymerization and mechanistic insights. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Wang W. Effect of Diethylzinc on the Activity of Ethylene Polymerization by Metallocene Catalyst. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Material Science; Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; (BRICI); Sinopec, No. 14 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chao Yang District Beijing 100013 China
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18
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Panchenko VN, Babushkin DE, Brintzinger HH. Zirconium-allyl complexes as resting states in zirconocene-catalyzed α-olefin polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:249-53. [PMID: 25358835 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
UV-vis spectroscopic data indicate that zirconocene cations with Zr-bound allylic chain ends are generally formed during olefin polymerization with zirconocene catalysts. The rates and extent of their formation and of their re-conversion to the initial pre-catalyst cations depend on the types of zirconocene complexes and activators used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N Panchenko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Lavrent'eva 5, and Novosibirsk State University, Ul. Pirogova 2, RU-630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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