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Mengel SD, DeStefano AJ, Webber T, Semerdjiev A, Han S, Segalman RA. Salt-Screened Transition toward Bulk-Like Water Dynamics near Polymeric Zwitterions. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:928-934. [PMID: 38995998 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The superior antifouling performance of zwitterionic materials is commonly linked to their hydration structure, in which tight surface binding of water molecules inhibits solute adsorption. However, there is comparatively little direct experimental data on the hydration water structure and dynamics around zwitterionic moieties, including the longer-range behavior of the hydration shell that modulates the approach of solutes to the polymer surface. This work experimentally probes the dynamics of the diffusing hydration water molecules around a series of zwitterion chemistries using Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization relaxometry. Surprisingly, water dynamics measured within ∼1 nm of the zwitterions were minimally inhibited compared to those near uncharged hydrophilic or cationic side chains. Specific dissolved ions further enhance the water diffusivity near the zwitterions, rendering the hydration shell bulk water-like. These results that the hydration of a zwitterion surface is nearly indistinguishable from bulk water suggest that these surfaces are "invisible" to biological constituents in a manner tunable by the ionic environment and the chemical design of the zwitterionic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D Mengel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Audra J DeStefano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thomas Webber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anton Semerdjiev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rachel A Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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2
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Ye K, Chin SY, Xi NL, Sharma B, Lu Y, Xue K. Characterizing the Behavior of Water Interacting with a Nano-Pore Material: A Structural Investigation in Native Environment Using Magnetic Resonance Approaches. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400053. [PMID: 38706399 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The study of fluid absorption, particularly that of water, into nanoporous materials has garnered increasing attention in the last decades across a broad range of disciplines. However, most investigation approaches to probe such behaviors are limited by characterization conditions and may lead to misinterpretations. In this study, a combined MRI and MAS NMR method was used to study a nanoporous silica glass to acquire information about its structural framework and interactions with confined water in a native humid environment. Specifically, MRI was used for a quantitative analysis of water extent. While MAS NMR techniques provided structural information of silicate materials, including interactive surface area and framework packing. Analysis of water spin-spin relaxation times (T2) suggested differences in water confinement within the characterized framework. Subsequent unsuccessful delivery of paramagnetic molecule into the pores enabled a quantitative assessment of the dimensions that "bottleneck" the pores. Finally, pore sizes were derived from the paramagnetic molecular size, density function theory (DFT) simulation and characterizations on standard samples. Our result matches with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis that the pore size is less than 1.3 nm. The use of a paramagnetic probe for pore size determination introduces a new approach of characterization in the liquid phase, offering an alternative to the conventional BET analysis that uses gas molecule as probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ye
- Center of High Field NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639789, Singapore
| | - Sze Yuet Chin
- Center of High Field NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Nicole Lin Xi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639789, Singapore
| | - Bhargy Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639789, Singapore
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639789, Singapore
| | - Kai Xue
- Center of High Field NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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3
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Fop S, Vivani R, Masci S, Casciola M, Donnadio A. Anhydrous Superprotonic Conductivity in the Zirconium Acid Triphosphate ZrH 5 (PO 4 ) 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218421. [PMID: 36856155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid-state proton conductors with high proton conductivity at low temperatures is crucial for the implementation of hydrogen-based technologies for portable and automotive applications. Here, we report on the discovery of a new crystalline metal acid triphosphate, ZrH5 (PO4 )3 (ZP3), which exhibits record-high proton conductivity of 0.5-3.1×10-2 S cm-1 in the range 25-110 °C in anhydrous conditions. This is the highest anhydrous proton conductivity ever reported in a crystalline solid proton conductor in the range 25-110 °C. Superprotonic conductivity in ZP3 is enabled by extended defective frustrated hydrogen bond chains, where the protons are dynamically disordered over two oxygen centers. The high proton conductivity and stability in anhydrous conditions make ZP3 an excellent candidate for innovative applications in fuel cells without the need for complex water management systems, and in other energy technologies requiring fast proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Fop
- The Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- CEMIN-Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturali per Applicazioni Chimiche, Fisiche e Biomediche, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Masci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Casciola
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Donnadio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- CEMIN-Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturali per Applicazioni Chimiche, Fisiche e Biomediche, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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4
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Joung H, Kim C, Yu J, Lee S, Paeng K, Yang J. Impact of Chain Conformation on Structural Heterogeneity in Polymer Network. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5487-5494. [PMID: 35748615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer networks generally consist of an ensemble of single chains. However, understanding how chain conformation affects the structure and properties of polymer networks remains a challenge for optimizing their functionality. Here, we present the fabrication and comparative study of a polymer network composed of collapsed self-entangled chains (intrachain entangled network) and a standard polymer network in which random-coil chains are entangled with each other (interchain entangled network). For poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films composed of these networks, we coupled solvent vapor swelling and single-molecule tracking techniques to examine the anomalies in the dynamics of a small-molecular probe included in the system. We demonstrate that when compared to the interchain entangled network the intrachain one exhibits a more substantial structural heterogeneity, particularly under highly crowded conditions. This network also exhibits physical compactness, which keeps the heterogeneous network structure frozen over time and impedes network plasticization through solvent uptake by the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea
| | - Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea
| | - Jaesang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Keewook Paeng
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea
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5
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Yu W, Zhang J, Liang X, Ge X, Wei C, Ge Z, Zhang K, Li G, Song W, Shehzad MA, Wu L, Xu T. Anion exchange membranes with fast ion transport channels driven by cation-dipole interactions for alkaline fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Liu B, Hu B, Du J, Cheng D, Zang H, Ge X, Tan H, Wang Y, Duan X, Jin Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Su Z. Precise Molecular‐Level Modification of Nafion with Bismuth Oxide Clusters for High‐performance Proton‐Exchange Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Liu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
- Jinlin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
- School of chemistry and pharmaceutical engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jinlin 132022 P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Dongming Cheng
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Ying Zang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Xin Ge
- Electron Microscopy Center Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Zhao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
- Jinlin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
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7
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Liu B, Hu B, Du J, Cheng D, Zang HY, Ge X, Tan H, Wang Y, Duan X, Jin Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Su Z. Precise Molecular-Level Modification of Nafion with Bismuth Oxide Clusters for High-performance Proton-Exchange Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6076-6085. [PMID: 33296135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fabricating proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with high ionic conductivity and ideal mechanical robustness through regulation of the membrane microstructures achieved by molecular-level hybridization remains essential but challenging for the further development of high-performance PEM fuel cells. In this work, by precisely hybridizing nano-scaled bismuth oxide clusters into Nafion, we have fabricated the high-performance hybrid membrane, Nafion-Bi12 -3 %, which showed a proton conductivity of 386 mS cm-1 at 80 °C in aqueous solution with low methanol permeability, and conserved the ideal mechanical and chemical stabilities as PEMs. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to clarify the structural properties and the assembly mechanisms of the hybrid membrane on the molecular level. The maximum current density and power density of Nafion-Bi12 -3 % for direct methanol fuel cells reached to 432.7 mA cm-2 and 110.2 mW cm-2 , respectively. This work provides new insights into the design of versatile functional polymer electrolyte membranes through polyoxometalate hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Liu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- Jinlin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- School of chemistry and pharmaceutical engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jinlin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Dongming Cheng
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Zang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ge
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- Jinlin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
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8
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Saun SB, Kim J, Hwang RY, Ahn Y, Kim D, Park DK, Lee S, Han OH. Nanometer-Scale Water Dynamics in Nafion Polymer Electrolyte Membranes: Influence of Molecular Hydrophobicity and Water Content Revisited. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1013-1018. [PMID: 35648613 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) is an essential parameter for their device applications. In water-swollen PEMs, protons and other ions are transferred through hydrophilic channels of a few nanometers in diameter at most. Thus, optimizing the chemical and physical properties of the channels can enhance the conductivity of PEMs. However, the factors controlling the conductivity have not been completely clarified. Here, we report that measurements taken near the channel walls by a special nuclear magnetic resonance technique with ≤1 nm spatial resolution showed the largest water diffusivity when ∼80% of hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups were blocked, but the proton conductivity was low. The water diffusivity was much less affected by differences in water content. Our results provide a concept for changing the properties of PEMs and a challenge to implement the improved diffusivity in a way that enhances net ion conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bo Saun
- Western-Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - JiWon Kim
- Western-Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo Yun Hwang
- Western-Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjoon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel K Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchil Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Oc Hee Han
- Western-Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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9
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Park S, Barnes R, Lin Y, Jeon BJ, Najafi S, Delaney KT, Fredrickson GH, Shea JE, Hwang DS, Han S. Dehydration entropy drives liquid-liquid phase separation by molecular crowding. Commun Chem 2020; 3:83. [PMID: 36703474 PMCID: PMC9814391 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex coacervation driven liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers has been attracting attention as a novel phase in living cells. Studies of LLPS in this context are typically of proteins harboring chemical and structural complexity, leaving unclear which properties are fundamental to complex coacervation versus protein-specific. This study focuses on the role of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-a widely used molecular crowder-in LLPS. Significantly, entropy-driven LLPS is recapitulated with charged polymers lacking hydrophobicity and sequence complexity, and its propensity dramatically enhanced by PEG. Experimental and field-theoretic simulation results are consistent with PEG driving LLPS by dehydration of polymers, and show that PEG exerts its effect without partitioning into the dense coacervate phase. It is then up to biology to impose additional variations of functional significance to the LLPS of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan Barnes
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Yanxian Lin
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Byoung-jin Jeon
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Saeed Najafi
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Kris T. Delaney
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Songi Han
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA ,grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
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10
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11
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Ling X, Bonn M, Domke KF, Parekh SH. Correlated interfacial water transport and proton conductivity in perfluorosulfonic acid membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8715-8720. [PMID: 30988207 PMCID: PMC6500179 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817470116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water must be effectively transported and is also essential for maximizing proton conductivity within fuel-cell proton-exchange membranes (PEMs). Therefore, identifying relationships between PEM properties, water transport, and proton conductivity is essential for designing optimal PEMs. Here, we use coherent Raman spectroscopy to quantify real-time, in situ diffusivities of water subspecies, bulk-like and nonbulk-like (interfacial) water, in five different perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) PEMs. Although the PEMs were chemically diverse, water transport within them followed the same rule: Total water diffusivity could be represented by a linear combination of the bulk-like and interfacial water diffusivities. Moreover, the diffusivity of interfacial water was consistently larger than that of bulk-like water. These measurements of microscopic transport were combined with through-plane proton conductivity measurements to reveal the correlation between interfacial water transport and proton conductivity. Our results demonstrate the importance of maximizing the diffusivity and fractional contribution of interfacial water to maximize the proton conductivity in PFSA PEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin F Domke
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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12
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Chen R. Toward High‐Voltage, Energy‐Dense, and Durable Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: Role of the Supporting Electrolytes. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyong Chen
- Transfercenter Sustainable ElectrochemistrySaarland University 66125 Saarbrücken Germany
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe Campus E7 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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13
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Überrück T, Neudert O, Kreuer KD, Blümich B, Granwehr J, Stapf S, Han S. Effect of nitroxide spin probes on the transport properties of Nafion membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26660-26674. [PMID: 30320331 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04607g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nafion is the most common material used as a proton exchange membrane in fuel cells. Yet, details of the transport pathways for protons and water in the inner membrane are still under debate. Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (ODNP) has proven to be a useful tool for probing hydration dynamics and interactions within 5-8 Å of protein and soft material surfaces. Recently it was suggested that ODNP can also be applied to analyze surface water dynamics along Nafion's inner membrane. Here we interrogate the viability of this method for Nafion by carrying out a series of measurements relying on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and diffusometry experiments with and without ODNP hyperpolarization, accompanied by other complementary characterization methods including small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of hydration, and proton conductivity by AC impedance spectroscopy. Our comprehensive study shows that commonly used paramagnetic spin probes-here, stable nitroxide radicals-for ODNP, as well as their diamagnetic analogues, reduce the inner membrane surface hydrophilicity, depending on the location and concentration of the spin probe. This heavily reduces the hydration of Nafion, hence increases the tortuosity of the inner membrane morphology and/or increases the activiation barrier for water transport, and consequently impedes water diffusion, transport, and proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Überrück
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Neudert
- Dept. Technical Physics II/Polymer Physics, University of Technology Ilmenau, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany and GMBU e.V., Erich-Neuß-Weg 5, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kreuer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Josef Granwehr
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany. and Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Grundlagen der Elektrochemie (IEK-9), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Stapf
- Dept. Technical Physics II/Polymer Physics, University of Technology Ilmenau, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Songi Han
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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14
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Jackson GL, Mantha S, Kim SA, Diallo SO, Herwig KW, Yethiraj A, Mahanthappa MK. Ion-Specific Confined Water Dynamics in Convex Nanopores of Gemini Surfactant Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10031-10043. [PMID: 30251848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The impact of pore geometry and functionality on the dynamics of water nanoconfined in porous media are the subject of some debate. We report the synthesis and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) characterization of a series of perdeuterated gemini surfactant lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), in which convex, water-filled nanopores of well-defined dimensions are lined with carboxylate functionalities. Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements of the translational water dynamics in these dicarboxylate LLC nanopores as functions of the surfactant hydration state and the charge compensating counterion (Na+, K+, NMe4+) reveal that the measured dynamics depend primarily on surfactant hydration, with an unexpected counterion dependence that varies with hydration number. We rationalize these trends in terms of a balance between counterion-water attractions and the nanopore volume excluded by the counterions. On the basis of electron density maps derived from SAXS analyses of these LLCs, we directly show that the volume excluded by the counterions depends on both their size and spatial distribution in the water-filled channels. The translational water dynamics in the convex pores of these LLCs are also slower than those reported in the concave pores of AOT reverse micelles, implying that water dynamics also depend on the nanopore curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson L Jackson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Sriteja Mantha
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Sung A Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue, S.E. , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | | | | | - Arun Yethiraj
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Mahesh K Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue, S.E. , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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15
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Ge X, He Y, Liang X, Wu L, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Hu M, Xu T. Thermally triggered polyrotaxane translational motion helps proton transfer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2297. [PMID: 29895945 PMCID: PMC5997710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polyelectrolytes, capable of fast transporting protons, represent a challenging target for membrane engineering in so many fields, for example, fuel cells, redox flow batteries, etc. Inspired by the fast advance in molecular machines, here we report a rotaxane based polymer entity assembled via host-guest interaction and prove that by exploiting the thermally triggered translational motion (although not in a controlled manner) of mechanically bonded rotaxane, exceptionally fast proton transfer can be fulfilled at an external thermal input. The relative motion of the sulfonated axle to the ring in rotaxane happens at ~60 °C in our cases and because of that a proton conductivity (indicating proton transfer rate) of 260.2 mS cm-1, which is much higher than that in the state-of-the-art Nafion, is obtained at a relatively low ion-exchange capacity (representing the amount of proton transfer groups) of 0.73 mmol g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yubin He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Min Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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16
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Yoon D, Dimitriadis AI, Soundararajan M, Caspers C, Genoud J, Alberti S, de Rijk E, Ansermet JP. High-Field Liquid-State Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in Microliter Samples. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5620-5626. [PMID: 29620353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization in the liquid state by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has been of great interest because of its potential use in NMR spectroscopy of small samples of biological and chemical compounds in aqueous media. Liquid state DNP generally requires microwave resonators in order to generate an alternating magnetic field strong enough to saturate electron spins in the solution. As a consequence, the sample size is limited to dimensions of the order of the wavelength, and this restricts the sample volume to less than 100 nL for DNP at 9 T (∼260 GHz). We show here a new approach that overcomes this sample size limitation. Large saturation of electron spins was obtained with a high-power (∼150 W) gyrotron without microwave resonators. Since high power microwaves can cause serious dielectric heating in polar solutions, we designed a planar probe which effectively alleviates dielectric heating. A thin liquid sample of 100 μm of thickness is placed on a block of high thermal conductivity aluminum nitride, with a gold coating that serves both as a ground plane and as a heat sink. A meander or a coil were used for NMR. We performed 1H DNP at 9.2 T (∼260 GHz) and at room temperature with 10 μL of water, a volume that is more than 100× larger than reported so far. The 1H NMR signal is enhanced by a factor of about -10 with 70 W of microwave power. We also demonstrated the liquid state of 31P DNP in fluorobenzene containing triphenylphosphine and obtained an enhancement of ∼200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoung Yoon
- Institute of Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alexandros I Dimitriadis
- Institute of Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,SWISSto12 SA, 1015 , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Murari Soundararajan
- Institute of Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Christian Caspers
- Institute of Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Genoud
- Institute of Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Swiss Plasma Center , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Stefano Alberti
- Institute of Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Swiss Plasma Center , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Emile de Rijk
- Institute of Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,SWISSto12 SA, 1015 , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Ansermet
- Institute of Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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17
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Goossens P, Martineau-Corcos C, Saïdi F, Martens JA, Taulelle F. Unlocking the observation of different proton populations in fluorinated polymers by solid-state 1H and 19F double resonance NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:28726-28731. [PMID: 27722286 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04139f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nafion proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell applications are extensively studied and commercially applied, but their unique proton conduction capabilities are still somewhat unexplained. For studying proton dynamics in situ, molecular level spectroscopic techniques have been of limited utility so far. By solid-state 1H and 19F double resonance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using the recently revived multiple contact cross-polarization (MC-CP) pulse sequence along with double-quantum 1H-1H filtering, high resolution proton populations distinct from the dominant water resonance were observed in Nafion for the first time. This methodology quenches signal decay due to spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame and enables magnetization transfer between the relatively mobile 1H and 19F spin baths in Nafion. Further studies of these previously unrevealed proton populations will lead to a better understanding of the Nafion proton conduction mechanism and proton exchange processes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Goossens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Martineau-Corcos
- Tectospin, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS UMR8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des États-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France. and CEMHTI, CNRS UPR3079, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - F Saïdi
- Tectospin, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS UMR8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des États-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France.
| | - J A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Taulelle
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium and Tectospin, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS UMR8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des États-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France.
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18
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Biller JR, Barnes R, Han S. Perspective of Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization for the study of soft materials. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Berrod Q, Hanot S, Guillermo A, Mossa S, Lyonnard S. Water sub-diffusion in membranes for fuel cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8326. [PMID: 28827621 PMCID: PMC5567110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of water confined in soft ionic nano-assemblies, an issue critical for a general understanding of the multi-scale structure-function interplay in advanced materials. We focus in particular on hydrated perfluoro-sulfonic acid compounds employed as electrolytes in fuel cells. These materials form phase-separated morphologies that show outstanding proton-conducting properties, directly related to the state and dynamics of the absorbed water. We have quantified water motion and ion transport by combining Quasi Elastic Neutron Scattering, Pulsed Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Molecular Dynamics computer simulation. Effective water and ion diffusion coefficients have been determined together with their variation upon hydration at the relevant atomic, nanoscopic and macroscopic scales, providing a complete picture of transport. We demonstrate that confinement at the nanoscale and direct interaction with the charged interfaces produce anomalous sub-diffusion, due to a heterogeneous space-dependent dynamics within the ionic nanochannels. This is irrespective of the details of the chemistry of the hydrophobic confining matrix, confirming the statistical significance of our conclusions. Our findings turn out to indicate interesting connections and possibilities of cross-fertilization with other domains, including biophysics. They also establish fruitful correspondences with advanced topics in statistical mechanics, resulting in new possibilities for the analysis of Neutron scattering data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Berrod
- LLB, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Energy Storage Group, 94720, Berkeley, USA
| | - Samuel Hanot
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS, 20156 - 38042, Grenoble, France
- Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3528, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Armel Guillermo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stefano Mossa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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20
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Song L, Ye Q, Ge X, Misra A, Tamerler C, Spencer P. Probing the neutralization behavior of zwitterionic monomer-containing dental adhesive. Dent Mater 2017; 33:564-574. [PMID: 28366234 PMCID: PMC5480395 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the polymerization kinetics, neutralization behavior, and mechanical properties of amine-functionalized dental adhesive cured in the presence of zwitterionic monomer, methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). METHODS The control adhesive was a mixture based on HEMA/BisGMA/2-N-morpholinoethyl methacrylate (MEMA) (40/30/30, w/w/w). The control and experimental formulations containing MPC were characterized with regard to water miscibility of liquid resins, photopolymerization kinetics, water sorption and solubility, dynamic mechanical properties and leachables from the polymers (aged in ethanol). The neutralization behavior of the adhesives was determined by monitoring the pH of lactic acid (LA) solution. RESULTS The water miscibility decreased with increasing MPC amount. The water sorption of experimental copolymer specimen was greater than the control. The addition of 8wt% water led to improved photo-polymerization efficiency for experimental formulations at MPC of 2.5 and 5wt%, and significant reduction in the cumulative amounts of leached HEMA, BisGMA, and MEMA, i.e. 90, 60 and 50% reduction, respectively. The neutralization rate of MPC-containing adhesive was faster than control. The optimal MPC concentration in the formulations was 5wt%. SIGNIFICANCE Incompatibility between MEMA and MPC led to a decrease in water miscibility of the liquid resins. Water (at 8wt%) in the MPC-containing formulations (2.5-5wt% MPC) led to higher DC, faster RPmax and significant reduction in leached HEMA, BisGMA, and MEMA. The neutralization rate was enhanced with the addition of MPC in the amine-containing formulation. Promoting the neutralization capability of dentin adhesives could play an important role in reducing recurrent decay at the composite/tooth interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyong Song
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.
| | - Xueping Ge
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Anil Misra
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA; University of Kansas, Department of Civil Engineering, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA; University of Kansas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- University of Kansas, Bioengineering Research Center, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA; University of Kansas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.
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21
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Spiess HW. 50th Anniversary Perspective: The Importance of NMR Spectroscopy to Macromolecular Science. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Landers J, Colon-Ortiz J, Zong K, Goswami A, Asefa T, Vishnyakov A, Neimark AV. In Situ Growth and Characterization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles within Polyelectrolyte Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11522-7. [PMID: 27539360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a novel approach for the in situ synthesis of metal oxide-polyelectrolyte nanocomposites formed via impregnation of hydrated polyelectrolyte films with binary water/alcohol solutions of metal salts and consecutive reactions that convert metal cations into oxide nanoparticles embedded within the polymer matrix. The method is demonstrated drawing on the example of Nafion membranes and a variety of metal oxides with an emphasis placed on zinc oxide. The in situ formation of nanoparticles is controlled by changing the solvent composition and conditions of synthesis that for the first time allows one to tailor not only the size, but also the nanoparticle shape, giving a preference to growth of a particular crystal facet. The high-resolution TEM, SEM/EDX, UV-vis and XRD studies confirmed the homogeneous distribution of crystalline nanoparticles of circa 4 nm and their aggregates of 10-20 nm. The produced nanocomposite films are flexible, mechanically robust and have a potential to be employed in sensing, optoelectronics and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Landers
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jonathan Colon-Ortiz
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kenneth Zong
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Anandarup Goswami
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Tewodros Asefa
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Aleksey Vishnyakov
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Alexander V Neimark
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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23
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In Situ Growth and Characterization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles within Polyelectrolyte Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Electrochemical phenomena in direct methanol fuel cells investigated by multiple NMR analyses of cathode and anode exhausts. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Kim HN, Hwang RY, Han OH. Behavior of Channel Water and CF 2H Side-Chain Terminal Groups in Swollen Nafion Polymer Electrolyte Membranes after Thermal Treatment. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:801-804. [PMID: 35614761 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) are representative systems for the study of the proton conduction mechanism and water dynamics in nanopores/channels. Our 1H nuclear magnetic resonance data for Nafion PEMs, which are subjected to thermal degradation and then swollen in water, indicate that (1) water is present next to the side chains even after the removal of the SO3H groups, (2) longer heat-treatment depletes more SO3H groups and produces more CF2H groups, (3) the water near the side chains allows for the liquid-like motion of the CF2H groups, and (4) the motion correlates well with the content and dynamics of water in the channels. As the thermal degradation progresses, the Nafion membranes lose their ionic and hydrophilic nature due to the conversion of CF2SO3H groups to CF2H groups. In addition, our results demonstrate that increasing channel hydrophobicity leads to increased water dynamics in the channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Na Kim
- Western
Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo Yun Hwang
- Western
Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Oc Hee Han
- Western
Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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26
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Ling X, Bonn M, Parekh SH, Domke KF. Nanoscale Distribution of Sulfonic Acid Groups Determines Structure and Binding of Water in Nafion Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4011-5. [PMID: 26895211 PMCID: PMC5021165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The connection between the nanoscale structure of two chemically equivalent, yet morphologically distinct Nafion fuel-cell membranes and their macroscopic chemical properties is demonstrated. Quantification of the chemical interactions between water and Nafion reveals that extruded membranes have smaller water channels with a reduced sulfonic acid head group density compared to dispersion-cast membranes. As a result, a disproportionally large amount of non-bulk water molecules exists in extruded membranes, which also exhibit larger proton conductivity and larger water mobility compared to cast membranes. The differences in the physicochemical properties of the membranes, that is, the chemical constitution of the water channels and the local water structure, and the accompanying differences in macroscopic water and proton transport suggest that the chemistry of nanoscale channels is an important, yet largely overlooked parameter that influences the functionality of fuel-cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katrin F Domke
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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27
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Ling X, Bonn M, Parekh SH, Domke KF. Nanoscale Distribution of Sulfonic Acid Groups Determines Structure and Binding of Water in Nafion Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Katrin F. Domke
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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28
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Hanot S, Lyonnard S, Mossa S. Sub-diffusion and population dynamics of water confined in soft environments. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3314-3325. [PMID: 26690685 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05853h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied by using molecular dynamics computer simulations the dynamics of water confined in ionic surfactant phases, ranging from well ordered lamellar structures to micelles at low and high water loading, respectively. We have analysed in depth the main dynamical features in terms of mean-squared displacements and intermediate scattering functions, and found clear evidence of sub-diffusive behaviour. We have identified water molecules lying at the charged interface with the hydrophobic confining matrix as the main factor responsible for this unusual feature, and given a comprehensive picture of dynamics based on a very precise analysis of lifetimes at the interface. We conclude by providing, for the first time to our knowledge, a unique framework for rationalizing the existence of important dynamical heterogeneities in fluids adsorbed in soft confining environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hanot
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPRAM, F-38000 Grenoble, France. and CNRS, INAC-SPRAM, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CEA, INAC-SPRAM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Stefano Mossa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPRAM, F-38000 Grenoble, France. and CNRS, INAC-SPRAM, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CEA, INAC-SPRAM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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29
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Hayamizu K, Matsuda Y, Matsui M, Imanishi N. Lithium ion diffusion measurements on a garnet-type solid conductor Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 by using a pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR method. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015; 70:21-27. [PMID: 26051010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The garnet-type solid conductor Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 is known to have high ionic conductivity. We synthesized a series of compositions of this conductor and found that cubic Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 (LLZO-Ta) has a high ionic conductivity of 3.7×10(-4)Scm(-1) at room temperature. The (7)Li NMR spectrum of LLZO-Ta was composed of narrow and broad components, and the linewidth of the narrow component varied from 0.69kHz (300K) to 0.32kHz (400K). We carried out lithium ion diffusion measurements using pulsed-field spin-echo (PGSE) NMR spectroscopy and found that echo signals were observed at T≥313K with reasonable sensitivity. The lithium diffusion behavior was measured by varying the observation time and pulsed-field gradient (PFG) strength between 313 and 384K. We found that lithium diffusion depended significantly on the observation time and strength of the PFG, which is quite different from lithium ion diffusion in liquids. It was shown that lithium ion migration in the solid conductor was distributed widely in both time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikuko Hayamizu
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Mie-University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsui
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Mie-University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, JAPAN
| | - Nobuyuki Imanishi
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Mie-University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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30
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Hansen MR, Graf R, Spiess HW. Interplay of Structure and Dynamics in Functional Macromolecular and Supramolecular Systems As Revealed by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1272-308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ryan Hansen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, P.O. Box 3148, 55021 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, P.O. Box 3148, 55021 Mainz, Germany
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31
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Kaminker I, Barnes R, Han S. Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Studies on Local Water Dynamics. Methods Enzymol 2015; 564:457-83. [PMID: 26477261 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) is an emerging technique for quantifying translational water dynamics in the vicinity (<1 nm) of stable radicals that can be chemically attached to macromolecules of interest. This has led to many in-depth and enlightening studies of hydration water of biomolecules, revolving around the role of solvent dynamics in the structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid bilayer membranes. Still to date, a complete and fully automated ODNP instrument is not commercialized. The purpose of this chapter is to share the technical know-how of the hardware, theory, measurement, and data analysis method needed to successfully utilize and disseminate the ODNP technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Kaminker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Ryan Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
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