1
|
Huang Y, Peng X, Li T. Recent Advances in NHC-Catalyzed Chemoselective Activation of Carbonyl Compounds. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400097. [PMID: 38451172 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalysts have been employed as effective tools in the development of various reactions, which have made notable contributions in developing diverse reaction modes and generating significant functionalized molecules. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in the chemo- and regioselective activation of different aldehydes using NHCs, categorized into five parts based on the different activation modes. A brief conclusion and outlook is provided to stimulate the development of novel activation modes for accessing functional molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heterogeneous asymmetric β-C-H functionalization of aldehydes under O2 catalyzed by hydroxide-layered Fe(III) sites synergistic with confined interlayer amine. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
3
|
NHC-catalyzed [3 + 4] annulation between 2-dromoenal and aryl 1,2-diamine: Insights into mechanisms, chemo and stereoselectivities. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Sharma D, Chatterjee R, Dhayalan V, Dandela R. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Organocatalytic Reactions Enabled by NHCs Containing Triazolium Motifs. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1856-5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) containing triazolium motifs have emerged as a powerful tool in organocatalysis. Recently, various NHC pre-catalyst mediated organic transformations have been developed successfully. This article aims to compile the current state of knowledge on NHC-triazolium catalysed enantioselective name reactions and introduce newly developed catalytic methods. Furthermore, this review article framework provides an excellent opportunity to highlight some of the unique applications of these catalytic procedures in the natural product synthesis of biologically active compounds, notably the wide range of preparation of substituted chiral alcohols, and their derivatives. This article provides an overview of chiral NHC triazolium-catalyst libraries synthesis and their catalytic application in enantioselective reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Dept. of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar-, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rana Chatterjee
- Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Rambabu Dandela
- Dept. of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology- IOC Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
NHC Catalyzed β-Carbon functionalization of carboxylic esters towards formation of δ-Lactams: A mechanistic study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Shyam A, Pradhan AK, Mondal P. Remote N–H activation of indole aldehydes: an investigation of the mechanism, origin of selectivities, and role of the catalyst. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory investigation on the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalysed synthesis of oxazinoindole derivatives via N–H activation of indole aldehydes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Shyam
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India
| | | | - Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang M, Li M, Zhang L, Song R, Yang D, Lv J. Photocatalytic Redox-Neutral Reaction of γ-Indolyl α-Keto Esters. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01890f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct γ-C(sp3)-H activation of saturated α-keto esters has long been an elusive transformation. We found that photo-redox catalysis IrIII in combination with DABCO as dual hydrogen-bonding donor and organic...
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang DL, Jiang NQ, Cai ZJ, Ji SJ. A Radical Addition/Cyclization and Se-Group Transfer Strategy for the Facile Synthesis of Se-Containing Cyclopentenes under Metal-Free and Peroxide-Free Conditions. Chemistry 2021; 27:17765-17768. [PMID: 34611946 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel intermolecular radical addition/cyclization and Se-group transfer reaction of terminal alkynes and unsaturated alkyl selenide is presented which offers a straightforward and facile approach for the synthesis of valuable Se-containing cyclopentenes. Remarkable features of this strategy include easily accessible starting materials, metal-free and peroxide-free conditions, high atom economy, simple operation and broad substrate scope. More importantly, the reaction is easy to scale up and can be extended to the construction of six-membered carbon ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science &, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Nan-Quan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science &, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Jian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science &, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science &, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al‐Rifai NM, Mubarak MS. α‐Substituted Chalcones: A Key Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nafisah M. Al‐Rifai
- Pharmaceutical and chemical engineering department School of Medical Sciences German-Jordanian University, P.O. Box 35247 Amman 111800 Jordan
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao C, Blaszczyk SA, Wang J. Asymmetric reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based chiral acyl azoliums and azolium enolates. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
11
|
Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Z. Mechanism and regio- and stereoselectivity in an NHC-catalyzed Mannich/lactamization domino reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6204-6212. [PMID: 33687420 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00369k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations (M06-2X) have been employed to disclose the mechanisms and regio- and stereo-selectivities of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed reaction of 2-benzothiazolimines and α-chloroaldehydes. The preferred mechanism is initiated by the nucleophilic attack of NHC on α-chloroaldehyde (first step), followed by 1,2-proton transfer which was assisted by the Brønsted acid DABCO·H+ to generate the Breslow intermediate (second step). The cleavage of the C-Cl bond (third step) and deprotonation (fourth step) form the enolate intermediate. This further reacts with 2-benzothiazolimine which leads to the formation of a new C-C bond (fifth step). Subsequent cyclization takes place via the formation of a new C-N bond (sixth step). Catalyst regeneration completes the whole catalytic cycle and affords the final product (seventh step). The DFT results indicate that the fifth step determines the stereochemistry of the reaction and leads to benzothiazolopyrimidinone with the SS configuration, which agrees well with experimental observations. Intramolecular cyclization is found to be the regioselectivity-determining step, for which the [4+2] annulation pathway is more preferred than that via [2+2] annulation, which again agrees well with experimental observations. Based on the mechanism proposed, the origins of regio- and stereoselectivities have also been investigated by performing distortion/interaction, natural bond orbital (NBO) and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analyses. The mechanistic insights gained in this work should be helpful in the rational design of potential catalysts for analogous reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China.
| | - Zhilin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang M, Wang Y, Li SJ, Wang X, Shi Q, Li X, Qu LB, Wei D, Lan Y. Multiple Functional Organocatalyst-Promoted Inert C–C Activation: Mechanism and Origin of Selectivities. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xue Li
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Liu Y, Gong K, Zhang H, Lan Y, Wei D. Theoretical study of the NHC-catalyzed C–S bond cleavage and reconstruction reaction: mechanism, stereoselectivity, and role of catalysts. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the NHC-catalyzed C–S bond activation reaction has been theoretically studied and ELF analysis along with IRC results shows that the NHC promotes the cleavage of the C–S bond via an SN2 process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Kaili Gong
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry (Center of Green Catalysis), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry (Center of Green Catalysis), Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
This review summaries recent synthetic developments towards spirocyclic oxindoles and applications as valuable medicinal and synthetic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Z. Mechanistic study on the NHC-catalyzed [3+4] annulation of enals and thiazolones. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reaction mechanisms and origins of regio- and stereo-selectivities of NHC catalyzed [3+4] annulation of enals and thiazolones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology
- Liaoning
- P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology
- Liaoning
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Science and Technology
- Liaoning
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang G, Wu J, Cheng H, Zhong C, He Z. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [3+2] Annulations of β‐Halocycloenals with Isatins and Mechanism Study. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology LiuFang Campus Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone No.206, Guanggu 1st road Wuhan 430025 P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology LiuFang Campus Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone No.206, Guanggu 1st road Wuhan 430025 P.R. China
| | - Hang Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology LiuFang Campus Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone No.206, Guanggu 1st road Wuhan 430025 P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Department of Chemistry Wuhan University No.299, Bayi road Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhao‐Lin He
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology LiuFang Campus Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone No.206, Guanggu 1st road Wuhan 430025 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jiang Z, Toffano M, Vo‐Thanh G, Bournaud C. Bifunctional N‐Heterocylic Carbene‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Trans‐Cyclopentannulation of Enals and Enones via Homoenolate. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Rue du doyen Georges Poitou 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Martial Toffano
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Rue du doyen Georges Poitou 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Giang Vo‐Thanh
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Rue du doyen Georges Poitou 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Chloée Bournaud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Rue du doyen Georges Poitou 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Z. A computational study on NHC-Catalyzed [3+4] annulation between isatin-derived enal and aurone-derived azadiene: Insights into mechanism and stereoselectivity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
19
|
Mechanisms and origins of stereoselectivity of NHC-catalyzed reaction of aldehyde and butadienoate. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
20
|
Liu B, Luo G, Wang H, Hao L, Yang S, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene‐Catalyzed Direct Functionalization of the β‐sp
3
‐Carbon Atoms of α‐Chloroaldehydes. Chemistry 2019; 25:12719-12723. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Guoyong Luo
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Hongling Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringKey Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Y, Zhang Z. Mechanism and stereoselectivity in NHC-catalyzed β-functionalization of saturated carboxylic ester. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7635-7644. [PMID: 35521168 PMCID: PMC9061211 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10262g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the mechanism and origin of the stereoselectivity of the [3 + 2] annulation reaction between a carboxylic ester and an isatin generating spirooxindole lactone catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out. DFT results indicate that the catalytic cycle begins with the coupling of the catalyst with benzotriazole ester, followed by α-deprotonation to produce the enolate intermediate. The subsequent 1,4-proton transfer affords the homoenolate intermediate. The next crucial step is the stereoselective C-C bond formation. Then proton transfer takes place leading to the formation of the lactone intermediate. Finally, the elimination of the catalyst furnishes the final product. The presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) dramatically accelerates the proton transfer step. More importantly, HOBt has a non-negligible impact on stereoselective C-C bond formation, and the SR-configured product is the major stereoisomer of the annulation product, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations. The differential π⋯π stacking, C-H⋯π, lone pair (LP)⋯π and repulsion interactions are found to be responsible for the stereoselectivity. The obtained mechanistic insights should provide valuable information for understanding the important roles of the NHC catalyst and HOBt additive and be helpful for designing better NHC catalysts for this kind of reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 P. R. China +86-412-5929627 +86-18741219506
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 P. R. China +86-412-5929627 +86-18741219506
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Zhang Z, Liang C. Understanding the mechanism and stereoselectivity of NHC-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 3-bromoenals and isatin N-Boc ketimines. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:9251-9258. [PMID: 30483682 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and origin of stereoselectivities in N-heterocyclic carbine (NHC)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 3-bromoenals and isatin N-Boc ketimines have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Various possible reaction pathways were examined and analyzed. Our calculation results reveal that the catalytic cycle can be characterized by six steps: nucleophilic attack of a catalyst on 3-bromoenal (step I); [1,2]-proton transfer (step II); addition to the other reactant isatin N-Boc ketimine (step III); debromination (step IV); intramolecular cycloaddition concerted with hydrogen-elimination (step V) and elimination of the NHC catalyst (step VI). For step II, besides the direct [1,2]-proton transfer, the mediator (base and water)-assisted proton transfer has been investigated, and the DFT results show that the 2H2O cluster-mediated proton transfer is most energy favorable. The carbon-carbon bond formation step (step III) is calculated to be the stereoselectivity-determining step and the S-configuration product is the predominant product, which are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The mechanistic insights gained in this work should be helpful for other NHC-catalyzed reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu Z, Wang J. A tandem dearomatization/rearomatization strategy: enantioselective N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed α-arylation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2501-2506. [PMID: 30881680 PMCID: PMC6385844 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the first example of carbene-catalyzed tandem dearomatization/rearomatization reaction of azonaphthalenes with α-chloroaldehydes is described.
In this study, the first example of the carbene-catalyzed tandem dearomatization/rearomatization reaction of azonaphthalenes with α-chloroaldehydes is described. This protocol enables the efficient assembly of chiral dihydrocinnolinone derivatives in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Moreover, this strategy enables not only the highly enantioselective NHC-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution, but also a formal Csp2–Csp3 bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China .
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China .
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fernando JEM, Nakano Y, Zhang C, Lupton DW. Enantioselective N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis that Exploits Imine Umpolung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4007-4011. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Nakano
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - David W. Lupton
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fernando JEM, Nakano Y, Zhang C, Lupton DW. Enantioselective N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis that Exploits Imine Umpolung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Nakano
- School of ChemistryMonash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School of ChemistryMonash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - David W. Lupton
- School of ChemistryMonash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Y, Wu QY, Lai TH, Zheng KJ, Qu LB, Wei D. Prediction on the origin of selectivities of NHC-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and origin of selectivities of NHC-catalyzed dearomatization reaction have been theoretically studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Yu Wu
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Tian-Hua Lai
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Kai-Jun Zheng
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu SY, Zhang H, Ma QW, Liu D, Hui XP. Oxidative NHC catalysis: direct activation of β sp3 carbons of saturated acid chlorides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:298-301. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The first activation of saturated acid chlorides by an oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst has been utilized to synthesize enantio-enriched spirooxindole lactones and δ-lactones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ya Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Dou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang CL, Han YF, Ye S. N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed β-addition of enals to 3-alkylenyloxindoles: synthesis of oxindoles with all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7966-7969. [PMID: 31219115 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed β-addition of enals to 3-alkylenyloxindoles was developed. All of the β-aryl, β-alkenyl and β-alkyl enals worked well for the reaction to give the corresponding 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles bearing contiguous all-carbon quaternary and tertiary stereocenters in good yields with moderate to high diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang Y, Qu L, Wei D. Prediction on the Origin of Selectivities in Base‐controlled Switchable NHC‐catalyzed Transformations. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:293-300. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou University of Light Industry 136 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450002 P. R. China
| | - Ling‐Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450002 P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450002 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Z, Pan D, Li T, Jin Z. N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Organocatalyzed Kinetic Resolutions, Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions, and Desymmetrizations. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2149-2163. [PMID: 29900699 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The last couple of decades have witnessed tremendous development within N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis. NHCs have been used as powerful organic catalysts in asymmetric synthesis. Although great achievements have been made in asymmetric NHC catalysis, their applications in kinetic resolution (KR), dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), and desymmetrization processes have been relatively less developed. Moreover, limited activation modes have been involved in these processes. This review provides an overview of the NHC-organocatalyzed KR, DKR, and desymmetrization reactions in the preparation of chiral functional molecules. The aim is to highlight both the importance and elegance of these methods in the construction of challenging chiral compounds and to provide our own perspective on future development in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyao Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dingwu Pan
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Tang M, Qu LB, Li Z, Wei D. Insights into the N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Oxidative γ-C(sp 3)-H Deprotonation of Alkylenals and Cascade [4 + 2] Cycloaddition with Alkenylisoxazoles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8543-8555. [PMID: 29927597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed oxidative C-H deprotonations have attracted increasing attention; however, the general mechanism regarding this kind of oxidative organocatalysis remains unclear. In this paper, the competing mechanisms and origin of the stereoselectivity of the NHC-catalyzed oxidative γ-C(sp3)-H deprotonation of alkylenals and cascade [4 + 2] cycloaddition with alkenylisoxazoles were systematically investigated for the first time using density functional theory (DFT). The computed results indicate that the oxidation of the Breslow intermediate by 3,3',5,5'-tetra- tert-butyl diphenoquinone (DQ) via a hydride transfer to oxygen (HTO) pathway is the most favorable among the four competing pathways. In addition, the analyses demonstrate that oxidant DQ plays a double role, i.e., strengthening the acidity of the hydrogen of the γ-carbon of alkylenal and forming π···π interactions with conjugated C═C bonds to promote the γ-C(sp3)-H deprotonation. The NHC catalyst acts as a Lewis base, and the hydrogen-bond network between the NHC and the substrate formed in the key Michael addition step is responsible for the origin of the stereoselectivity. Further DFT calculations reveal that the nonpolar solvent can stabilize the nonpolar R isomer but destabilize the polar S isomer for the stereoselectivity-determining transition states, thus improving the stereoselectivity.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zou HX, Li Y, Yang XH, Xiang J, Li JH. Metal-Free Oxidative Decarbonylative [3+2] Annulation of Terminal Alkynes with Tertiary Alkyl Aldehydes toward Cyclopentenes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8581-8588. [PMID: 29871487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new metal-free oxidative decarbonylative [3+2] annulation of terminal alkynes with tertiary alkyl aldehydes is presented, which features broad substrate scope and excellent selectivity. The selectivity of this reaction toward cyclopentenes and indenes relies on the nature of the aldehyde substrates. While treatment of tertiary γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes with common terminal alkynes assembles cyclopentenes, 2-methyl-2-arylpropanals succeed in accessing indenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China.,Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China.,Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China
| | - Xu-Heng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China.,Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China
| | - Jiannan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China.,Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang P, Zhou Y, Han X, Xu J, Liu H. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Enantioselective [3 + 2] Dearomatizing Annulation of Saturated Carboxylic Esters with N-Iminoisoquinolinium Ylides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3879-3888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hong Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Murauski KJR, Jaworski AA, Scheidt KA. A continuing challenge: N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed syntheses of γ-butyrolactones. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1773-1782. [PMID: 29372207 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic, stereoselective N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed reactions facilitate efficient construction of many different heterocyclic compounds, such as the enantioenriched 5-membered (γ) lactones highlighted in this tutorial review. Herein, various strategies to enable formal [3+2] type annulations between electrophilic carbonyl equivalents and homoenolate nucleophiles for the synthesis of γ-lactones are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J R Murauski
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu B, Wang W, Huang R, Yan J, Wu J, Xue W, Yang S, Jin Z, Chi YR. Direct Activation of β-sp 3-Carbons of Saturated Carboxylic Esters as Electrophilic Carbons via Oxidative Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2017; 20:260-263. [PMID: 29239615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed oxidative LUMO activation of the β-cabons of saturated carboxylic esters is disclosed. This approach allows for efficient asymmetric access to lactams and lactones by directly installing functional groups to the typically inert β-sp3 carbons of saturated esters. The use of HOBt as an additive was found to significantly improve both yields and enantioselectivities of the reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ruoyan Huang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiekuan Yan
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jichang Wu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University , Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ma J, Rosales AR, Huang X, Harms K, Riedel R, Wiest O, Meggers E. Visible-Light-Activated Asymmetric β-C-H Functionalization of Acceptor-Substituted Ketones with 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17245-17248. [PMID: 29161036 PMCID: PMC8103785 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a visible-light-activated asymmetric β-C(sp3)-H functionalization of 2-acyl imidazoles and 2-acylpyridines with 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds (typically α-ketoesters) catalyzed by a tailored stereogenic-at-rhodium Lewis acid catalyst. The C-C bond formation products are obtained in high yields (up to 99%) and with excellent stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and up to >99% ee). Experimental and computational studies support a mechanism in which a photoactivated Rh-enolate transfers a single electron to the 1,2-dicarbonyl compound followed by proton transfer and a subsequent stereocontrolled radical-radical recombination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anthony R. Rosales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Radostan Riedel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Y, Wei D, Tang M. Computational Study on γ-C–H Functionalization of α,β-Unsaturated Ester Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Mechanisms, Origin of Stereoselectivity, and Role of Catalyst. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13043-13050. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department
of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational
Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational
Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Wen Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang C, Hooper JF, Lupton DW. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis via the α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Azolium. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joel F. Hooper
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W. Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Key
Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihui Zhu
- Key
Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key
Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
SHAIKH RR. Achieving elusive transformations with organocatalysis: direct $\beta $-carbon activation of saturated carbonyl compounds. Turk J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1701-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
42
|
Han WY, Zhao J, Wang JS, Xiang GY, Zhang DL, Bai M, Cui BD, Wan NW, Chen YZ. Diastereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 3-ylideneoxindoles with in situ generated CF2HCHN2: syntheses of CF2H-containing spirooxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Structurally diverse CF2H-containing spirooxindoles were constructed through a [3 + 2] cycloaddition of isatin-derived 3-ylideneoxindoles with in situ generated CF2HCHN2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Han
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
- China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
- China
| | - Jian-Shu Wang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
- China
| | - Guang-Yan Xiang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
- China
| | - Ding-Lei Zhang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
- China
| | - Mei Bai
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
- China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
- China
| | - Nan-Wei Wan
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
- China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi
- China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Reddi Y, Sunoj RB. Origin of Stereoselectivity in Cooperative Asymmetric Catalysis Involving N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Lewis Acids toward the Synthesis of Spirooxindole Lactone. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cao Y, Zhang X, Lin G, Zhang-Negrerie D, Du Y. Chiral Aryliodine-Mediated Enantioselective Organocatalytic Spirocyclization: Synthesis of Spirofurooxindoles via Cascade Oxidative C–O and C–C Bond Formation. Org Lett 2016; 18:5580-5583. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Daisy Zhang-Negrerie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu J, Yuan S, Miao M, Chen Z. 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole-Assisted, N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed β-Functionalization of Saturated Carboxylic Esters: Access to Spirooxindole Lactones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11454-11460. [PMID: 27709941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A 1-hydroxybenzotriazole-assisted, N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed direct β-functionalization of saturated carboxylic esters is disclosed. This formal [3 + 2] annulation reaction of carboxylic esters with isatins affords optically pure spirooxindole lactones (on gram scale) bearing two vicinal stereogenic centers. A dual role of HOBt is proposed based on controlled experiments to rationalize the enhancement of diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Shiru Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Maozhong Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liang Y, Lai J, Liu T, Tang S. Direct Regioselective [3 + 2]-Cyclization Reactions of Ambivalent Electrophilic/Nucleophilic β-Chlorovinyl Dithianes: Access to Cyclopentene Derivatives. Org Lett 2016; 18:5086-5089. [PMID: 27624691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The highly regioselective and operationally straightforward [3 + 2] cyclizations of β-chlorovinyl dithianes with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds have been developed. This protocol provides direct access to highly functionalized cyclopentenes with perfect chemo- and regioselectivities under extremely mild reaction conditions. In particular, the unprecedented cyclization allows for the selective preparation of hydroxylated cyclopentenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Liang
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Junshan Lai
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Teng Liu
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shouchu Tang
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yue Z, Li W, Liu L, Wang C, Zhang J. Enantioselective Synthesis of 4H-Pyrans Through Organocatalytic Asymmetric Formal [3+3] Cycloadditions of 2-(1-Alkynyl)-2-alken-1-ones with β-Keto Esters. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenting Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Janssen-Müller D, Fleige M, Schlüns D, Wollenburg M, Daniliuc CG, Neugebauer J, Glorius F. NHC-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dearomatizing Hydroacylation of Benzofurans and Benzothiophenes for the Synthesis of Spirocycles. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Janssen-Müller
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mirco Fleige
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Danny Schlüns
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center
for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Wollenburg
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center
for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Levens A, An F, Breugst M, Mayr H, Lupton DW. Influence of the N-Substituents on the Nucleophilicity and Lewis Basicity of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Org Lett 2016; 18:3566-9. [PMID: 27434216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modulate the nucleophilicity and Lewis basicity of N-heterocyclic carbenes is pivotal to their application as organocatalysts. Herein we examine the impact of the N-substituent on the nucleophilicity and Lewis basicity. Four N-substituents popular in NHC organocatalysis, namely, the N-2,6-(CH3O)2C6H3, N-Mes, N-4-CH3OC6H4, and N-tert-butyl groups, have been examined and found to strongly affect the nucleophilicity. Thus, the N-2,6-(CH3O)2C6H3 group provides the most nucleophilic imidazolylidene NHC reported and the N-tert-butyl group one of the least. This difference in nucleophilicity is reflected in the catalyst efficiency, as observed with a recently reported trienyl ester rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Levens
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Feng An
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13 (Haus F), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstraße 5-13 (Haus F), 81377 München, Germany
| | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xie D, Shen D, Chen Q, Zhou J, Zeng X, Zhong G. N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Lewis Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Aerobic Annulation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6136-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danbo Xie
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Dan Shen
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- College of Materials, Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| |
Collapse
|