1
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Chen H, Wong HF, Qiu J, Li B, Yuan D, Kong H, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Tse YS, Xia J. Site-Selective Tyrosine Reaction for Antibody-Cell Conjugation and Targeted Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305012. [PMID: 38044303 PMCID: PMC10837340 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted immunotherapies capitalize on the exceptional binding capabilities of antibodies to stimulate a host response that effectuates long-lived tumor destruction. One example is the conjugation of immunoglobulins (IgGs) to immune effector cells, which equips the cells with the ability to recognize and accurately kill malignant cells through a process called antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this study, a chemoenzymatic reaction is developed that specifically functionalizes a single tyrosine (Tyr, Y) residue, Y296, in the Fc domain of therapeutic IgGs. A one-pot reaction that combines the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of tyrosine to o-quinone with a subsequent [3+2] photoaddition with vinyl ether is employed. This reaction installs fluorescent molecules or bioorthogonal groups at Y296 of IgGs or the C-terminal Y-tag of an engineered nanobody. The Tyr-specific reaction is utilized in constructing monofunctionalized antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and antibody/nanobody-conjugated effector cells, such as natural killer cells or macrophages. These results demonstrate the potential of site-selective antibody reactions for enhancing targeted cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Chen
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Hong‐Chai Fabio Wong
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jiaming Qiu
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Biquan Li
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Dingdong Yuan
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Hao Kong
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yishu Bao
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ying‐Lung Steve Tse
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SARChina
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2
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Gao F, Chang M, Meng X, Xu H, Gnawali G, Dong Y, Lopez B, Wang W. Site-Selective Modification of Secondary Amine Moieties on Native Peptides, Proteins, and Natural Products with Ynones. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1553-1562. [PMID: 37646420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective modification of biologically relevant secondary amines in peptides, proteins, and natural products has been challenging due to the similar reactivity between primary and secondary amines. Even for the secondary amines, their reactivities are significantly influenced by their structures and environment. Herein, we report a ynone Michael bioconjugation method for selective modification of secondary amines in unprotected peptides and proteins and complex natural products. We show that fine tuning the electronic effect of the ynones enables controlling the Michael acceptor reactivity for the selective reaction with the structurally different secondary amines in densely functionalized complex structures and complicated biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mengyang Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Giri Gnawali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Byrdie Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 3838 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
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3
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Yates NDJ, Hatton NE, Fascione MA, Parkin A. Site-Selective Aryl Diazonium Installation onto Protein Surfaces at Neutral pH using a Maleimide-Functionalized Triazabutadiene. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300313. [PMID: 37311168 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aryl diazonium cations are versatile bioconjugation reagents due to their reactivity towards electron-rich aryl residues and secondary amines, but historically their usage has been hampered by both their short lifespan in aqueous solution and the harsh conditions required to generate them in situ. Triazabutadienes address many of these issues as they are stable enough to endure multiple-step chemical syntheses and can persist for several hours in aqueous solution, yet upon UV-exposure rapidly release aryl diazonium cations under biologically-relevant conditions. This paper describes the synthesis of a novel maleimide-functionalized triazabutadiene suitable for site-selectively installing aryl diazonium cations into proteins at neutral pH; we show reaction with this molecule and a surface-cysteine of a thiol disulfide oxidoreductase. Through photoactivation of the site-selectively installed triazabutadiene motifs, we generate aryl diazonium functionality, which we further derivatize via azo-bond formation to electron-rich aryl species, showcasing the potential utility of this strategy for the generation of photoswitches or protein-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D J Yates
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Natasha E Hatton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alison Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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4
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Declas N, Maynard JRJ, Menin L, Gasilova N, Götze S, Sprague JL, Stallforth P, Matile S, Waser J. Tyrosine bioconjugation with hypervalent iodine. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12808-12817. [PMID: 36519034 PMCID: PMC9645396 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine reagents have recently emerged as powerful tools for late-stage peptide and protein functionalization. Herein we report a tyrosine bioconjugation methodology for the introduction of hypervalent iodine onto biomolecules under physiological conditions. Tyrosine residues were engaged in a selective addition onto the alkynyl bond of ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBX), resulting in stable vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX) bioconjugates. The methodology was successfully applied to peptides and proteins and tolerated all other nucleophilic residues, with the exception of cysteine. The generated VBX were further functionalized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling and azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The method could be successfully used to modify bioactive natural products and native streptavidin to enable thiol-mediated cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Declas
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - John R J Maynard
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Laure Menin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Natalia Gasilova
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Götze
- Department of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jakob L Sprague
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Pierre Stallforth
- Department of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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5
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Scott KA, Cox PB, Njardarson JT. Phenols in Pharmaceuticals: Analysis of a Recurring Motif. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7044-7072. [PMID: 35533692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenols and phenolic ethers are significant scaffolds recurring both in nature and among approved small-molecule pharmaceuticals. This compendium presents the first comprehensive compilation and analysis of the structures of U.S. FDA-approved molecules containing phenol or phenolic ether fragments. This dataset comprises 371 structures, which are strongly represented by natural products. A total of 55 of the compounds described here are on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines. Structural analysis reveals significant differences in the physicochemical properties imparted by phenols versus phenol ethers, each having benefits and drawbacks for drug developability. Despite trends over the past decade to increase the fraction of sp3 centers in drug leads, thereby "escaping flatland", phenols and phenolic ethers are represented in 62% of small-molecule drugs approved in 2020, suggesting that this aromatic moiety holds a special place in drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philip B Cox
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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6
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Cornejo NR, Amofah B, Lipinski A, Langlais PR, Ghosh I, Jewett JC. Direct Intracellular Delivery of Benzene Diazonium Ions As Observed by Increased Tyrosine Phosphorylation. Biochemistry 2022; 61:656-664. [PMID: 35302352 PMCID: PMC9203130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A challenge within the field of bioconjugation is developing probes to uncover novel information on proteins and other biomolecules. Intracellular delivery of these probes offers the promise of giving relevant context to this information, and these probes can serve as hypothesis-generating tools within complex systems. Leveraging the utility of triazabutadiene chemistry, herein, we discuss the development of a probe that undergoes reduction-mediated deprotection to rapidly deliver a benzene diazonium ion (BDI) into cells. The intracellular BDI resulted in an increase in global tyrosine phosphorylation levels. Seeing phosphatase dysregulation as a potential source of this increase, a tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) was tested and shown to be both inhibited and covalently modified by the BDI. In addition to the expected azobenzene formation at tyrosine side chains, key reactive histidine residues were also modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha R Cornejo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Bismark Amofah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Austin Lipinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Indraneel Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John C Jewett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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7
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Depienne S, Alvarez-Dorta D, Croyal M, Temgoua RCT, Charlier C, Deniaud D, Mével M, Boujtita M, Gouin SG. Luminol anchors improve the electrochemical-tyrosine-click labelling of proteins. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15374-15381. [PMID: 34976358 PMCID: PMC8635215 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New methods for chemo-selective modifications of peptides and native proteins are important in chemical biology and for the development of therapeutic conjugates. Less abundant and uncharged amino-acid residues are interesting targets to form less heterogeneous conjugates and preserve biological functions. Phenylurazole (PhUr), N-methylphenylurazole (NMePhUr) and N-methylluminol (NMeLum) derivatives were described as tyrosine (Y) anchors after chemical or enzymatic oxidations. Recently, we developed the first electrochemical Y-bioconjugation method coined eY-click to activate PhUr in biocompatible media. In this work, we assessed the limitations, benefits and relative efficiencies of eY-click conjugations performed with a set of PhUr, NMePhUr and NMeLum derivatives. Results evidenced a high efficiency of NMeLum that showed a complete Y-chemoselectivity on polypeptides and biologically relevant proteins after soft electrochemical activation. Side reactions on nucleophilic or heteroaromatic amino-acids such as lysine or tryptophan were never observed during mass spectrometry analysis. Myoglobine, bovine serum albumin, a plant mannosidase, glucose oxidase and the therapeutically relevant antibody trastuzumab were efficiently labelled with a fluorescent probe in a two-step approach combining eY-click and strain-promoted azide–alkyne cyclization (SPAAC). The proteins conserved their structural integrity as observed by circular dichroism and the trastuzumab conjugate showed a similar binding affinity for the natural HER2 ligand as shown by bio-layer interferometry. Compared to our previously described protocol with PhUr, eY-click with NMeLum species showed faster reaction kinetics, higher (complete) Y-chemoselectivity and reactivity, and offers the interesting possibility of the double tagging of solvent-exposed Y. We assessed the relative efficiencies of tyrosine anchors in the electrochemical conjugation of peptides and proteins. Luminol derivatives showed faster reaction kinetics, complete tyrosine-chemoselectivity, and possible double modification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikael Croyal
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du Thorax F-44000 Nantes France.,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556 F-44000 Nantes France.,CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility F-44000 Nantes France
| | | | - Cathy Charlier
- IMPACT Platform, Interactions Moléculaires Puces ACTivités, UMR CNRS 6286 UFIP, Université de Nantes F-44000 Nantes France
| | - David Deniaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Mathieu Mével
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France .,INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes 44200 Nantes France
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8
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Shepard AJ, Townsend JA, Foley C, Hulme C, Marty MT, Jewett JC. Suzuki Coupling of Protected Aryl Diazonium Ions: Expanding the Knowledge of Triazabutadiene Compatible Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:1851-1855. [PMID: 33570414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aryl diazonium ions are important in synthesis and chemical biology, and the acid-labile triazabutadiene can protect this handle for future use. We report a Suzuki coupling strategy that is compatible with the triazabutadiene scaffold, expanding the scope of synthetically available triazabutadienes. Shown herein, the triazabutadiene scaffold remains intact and reactive after coupling, as demonstrated by releasing the aryl diazonium ion to label a tyrosine-rich model protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J Shepard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Julia A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher Foley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher Hulme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael T Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John C Jewett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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9
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Heras Martinez HM, Chavez Flores D, Hillesheim PC, Patil S, Bugarin A. Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of ( E)-1,3-dimethyl-2-[3-(4-nitro-phen-yl)triaz-2-enyl-idene]-2,3-di-hydro-1 H-imidazole. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:130-133. [PMID: 33614140 PMCID: PMC7869543 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compound (E)-1,3-dimethyl-2-[3-(4-nitro-phen-yl)triaz-2-enyl-idene]-2,3-di-hydro-1H-imidazole, C11H12N6O2, has monoclinic (C2/c) symmetry at 100 K. This triazene derivative was synthesized by the coupling reaction of 1,3-di-methyl-imidazolium iodide with 1-azido-4-nitro benzene in the presence of sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil) and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The mol-ecule consists of six-membered and five-membered rings, which are connected by a triazene moiety (-N=N-N-). In the solid-state, the mol-ecule is found to be planar due to conjugation throughout the mol-ecule. The extended structure shows two layers of mol-ecules, which present weak inter-molecular inter-actions that facilitate the stacked arrangement of the mol-ecules forming the extended structure. Furthermore, there are several weak pseudo-cyclical inter-actions between the nitro oxygen atoms and symmetry-adjacent H atoms, which help to arrange the mol-ecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Mario Heras Martinez
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU, Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - David Chavez Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua, Chih., CP 31125, Mexico
| | - Patrick C. Hillesheim
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Ave Maria University, 5050 Ave Maria Blvd, Ave Maria, FL 34142, USA
| | - Siddappa Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU, Boulevard South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
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10
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Zhang Y, Tang C, Liu Y, Liu C. Research Progress of Aryltriazene as Aryl Precursor and Aryl-Azo Precursors in Organic Synthesis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Alvarez Dorta D, Deniaud D, Mével M, Gouin SG. Tyrosine Conjugation Methods for Protein Labelling. Chemistry 2020; 26:14257-14269. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Deniaud
- CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230 Université de Nantes 44000 Nantes France
| | - Mathieu Mével
- CHU de Nantes, INSERM UMR 1089 Université de Nantes 44200 Nantes France
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12
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Landman IR, Suleymanov AA, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Chadwick FM, Severin K. Brønsted and Lewis acid adducts of triazenes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2317-2322. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopy and crystallographic data show that triazenes are protonated at N1 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris R. Landman
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Abdusalom A. Suleymanov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - F. Mark Chadwick
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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13
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Boom DHA, Jupp AR, Nieger M, Ehlers AW, Slootweg JC. New Insights in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry with Azides. Chemistry 2019; 25:13299-13308. [PMID: 31497899 PMCID: PMC6851766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The geminal frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) tBu2 PCH2 BPh2 (1) reacts with phenyl-, mesityl-, and tert-butyl azide affording, respectively, six, five, and four-membered rings as isolable products. DFT calculations revealed that the formation of all products proceeds via the six-membered ring structure, which is thermally stable with an N-phenyl group, but rearranges when sterically more encumbered Mes-N3 and tBu-N3 are used. The reaction of 1 with Me3 Si-N3 is believed to follow the same course, yet subsequent N2 elimination occurs to afford a four-membered heterocycle (5), which can be considered as a formal FLP-trimethylsilylnitrene adduct. Compound 5 reacts with hydrochloric acid or tetramethylammonium fluoride and showed frustrated Lewis pair reactivity towards phenylisocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin H. A. Boom
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Science FacultyUniversity of JohannesburgPO Box 254Auckland Park, JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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14
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Barragan E, Noonikara Poyil A, Yang CH, Wang H, Bugarin A. Metal-free cross-coupling of π-conjugated triazenes with unactivated arenes via photoactivation. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00938d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free synthesis of biaryl compounds was achieved under photo-irradiation, which represents a milder alternative for cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Barragan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
| | | | - Chou-Hsun Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado Denver
- Denver
- USA
| | - Haobin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colorado Denver
- Denver
- USA
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
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15
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Addy PS, Erickson SB, Italia JS, Chatterjee A. Labeling Proteins at Site-Specifically Incorporated 5-Hydroxytryptophan Residues Using a Chemoselective Rapid Azo-Coupling Reaction. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2033:239-251. [PMID: 31332758 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9654-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective protein labeling is a valuable tool in the arsenal of modern chemical biology. The unnatural amino acid mutagenesis technology provides a powerful way to site-specifically introduce nonnatural chemical functionalities into recombinant proteins, which can be subsequently functionalized in a chemoselective manner. Even though several strategies currently exist to selectively label recombinant proteins in this manner, there is considerable interest for the development of additional chemoselective reactions that are fast, catalyst-free, use readily available reagents, and are compatible with existing conjugation chemistries. Here we describe a method to express recombinant proteins in E. coli site-specifically incorporating 5-hydroxytryptophan, followed by the chemoselective labeling of this residue using a chemoselective rapid azo-coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James S Italia
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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16
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Sengupta S, Chandrasekaran S. Modifications of amino acids using arenediazonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8308-8329. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aryl transfer reactions from arenediazonium salts have started to make their impact in chemical biology with initial forays in the arena of arylative modifications and bio-conjugations of amino acids, peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumitra Sengupta
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore
- India
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17
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Shadmehr M, Davis GJ, Mehari BT, Jensen SM, Jewett JC. Coumarin Triazabutadienes for Fluorescent Labeling of Proteins. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2550-2552. [PMID: 30341988 PMCID: PMC6457986 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The use of small-molecule fluorophores to label proteins with minimal perturbation in response to an external stimulus is a powerful tool to probe chemical and biochemical environments. Herein, we describe the use of a coumarin-modified triazabutadiene that can deliver aryl diazonium ions to fluorescently label proteins by tyrosine-selective modification. The labeling can be triggered by low-pH-induced liberation of the diazonium species, thus making the fluorophore especially useful in labeling biochemical surroundings such as those found within the late endosome. Additionally, we show that a variety of coumarin triazabutadienes might also be prone to releasing their diazonium cargo after irradiation with UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Shadmehr
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Garrett J Davis
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Bereketab T Mehari
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Stephanie M Jensen
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - John C Jewett
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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18
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Addy PS, Erickson SB, Italia JS, Chatterjee A. A Chemoselective Rapid Azo-Coupling Reaction (CRACR) for Unclickable Bioconjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11670-11673. [PMID: 28787141 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective modification of complex biomolecules has become a cornerstone of chemical biology. Despite the exciting developments of the past two decades, the demand for new chemoselective reactions with unique abilities, and those compatible with existing chemistries for concurrent multisite-directed labeling, remains high. Here we show that 5-hydroxyindoles exhibit remarkably high reactivity toward aromatic diazonium ions and this reaction can be used to chemoselectively label proteins. We have previously genetically encoded the noncanonical amino acid 5-hydroxytryptophan in both E. coli and eukaryotes, enabling efficient site-specific incorporation of 5-hydroxyindole into virtually any protein. The 5-hydroxytryptophan residue was shown to allow rapid, chemoselective protein modification using the azo-coupling reaction, and the utility of this bioconjugation strategy was further illustrated by generating a functional antibody-fluorophore conjugate. Although the resulting azo-linkage is otherwise stable, we show that it can be efficiently cleaved upon treatment with dithionite. Our work establishes a unique chemoselective "unclickable" bioconjugation strategy to site-specifically modify proteins expressed in both bacteria and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sarathi Addy
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, 246B Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Sarah B Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, 246B Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James S Italia
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, 246B Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, 246B Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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19
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Xiao H, Ma L, Fang W, Chen X. A pOH Jump Driven by N═N Out-of-Plane Motion in the Photoisomerization of Water-Solvated Triazabutadiene. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4939-4947. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, Peoplés Republic of China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, Peoplés Republic of China
| | - Weihai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, Peoplés Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, Peoplés Republic of China
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20
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Knyazeva DC, Kimani FW, Blanche JL, Jewett JC. Hexyl triazabutadiene as a potent alkylating agent. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Samuel PP, Kundu S, Mohapatra C, George A, De S, Parameswaran P, Roesky HW. One‐Pot Catalytic Synthesis of
gem
‐Diazides and Their Direct Conversion into Safe Materials. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prinson P. Samuel
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Chandrajeet Mohapatra
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Anjana George
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut NIT campus P. O. 673601 Kozhikodu Kerala India
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut NIT campus P. O. 673601 Kozhikodu Kerala India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut NIT campus P. O. 673601 Kozhikodu Kerala India
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Universität Göttingen Institut für Anorganische Chemie Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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22
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Jensen SM, Kimani FW, Jewett JC. Light-Activated Triazabutadienes for the Modification of a Viral Surface. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2216-2219. [PMID: 27647786 PMCID: PMC5170875 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chemical crosslinking is a versatile tool for the examination of biochemical interactions, in particular host-pathogen interactions. We report the critical first step toward the goal of probing these interactions by the synthesis and use of a new heterobifunctional crosslinker containing a triazabutadiene scaffold. The triazabutadiene is stable to protein conjugation and liberates a reactive aryl diazonium species upon irradiation with 350 nm light. We highlight the use of this technology by modifying the surface of several proteins, including the dengue virus envelope protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Flora W Kimani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - John C Jewett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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23
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Guzman LE, Kimani FW, Jewett JC. Protecting Triazabutadienes To Afford Acid Resistance. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2220-2222. [PMID: 27662242 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent work on triazabutadienes has shown that they have the ability to release aryl diazonium ions under exceptionally mild acidic conditions. There are instances that require that this release be prevented or minimized. Accordingly, a base-labile protection strategy for the triazabutadiene is presented. It affords enhanced synthetic and practical utility of the triazabutadiene. The effects of steric and electronic factors in the rate of removal are discussed, and the triazabutadiene protection is shown to be compatible with the traditional acid-labile protection strategy used in solid phase peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Guzman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Flora W Kimani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - John C Jewett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Building 41, Room 104, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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24
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Cornali BM, Kimani FW, Jewett JC. Cu-Click Compatible Triazabutadienes To Expand the Scope of Aryl Diazonium Ion Chemistry. Org Lett 2016; 18:4948-4950. [PMID: 27619479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triazabutadienes can be used to readily generate reactive aryl diazonium ions under mild, physiologically relevant conditions. These conditions are compatible with a range of functionalities that do not tolerate traditional aryl diazonium ion generation. To increase the utility of this aryl diazonium ion releasing chemistry an alkyne-containing triazabutadiene was synthesized. The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition ("Cu-click") reaction was utilized to modify the alkyne-containing triazabutadiene and shown to be compatible with the nitrogen-rich triazabutadiene. One of the triazole products was tethered to a fluorophore, thus enabling the direct fluorescent labeling of a model protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Cornali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Flora W Kimani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John C Jewett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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25
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Ochiai T, Franz D, Inoue S. Applications of N-heterocyclic imines in main group chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:6327-6344. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00163g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A survey of the most recent progress in the applications of N-heterocyclic imines in main group compounds is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Ochiai
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
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26
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27
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Abstract
Controlling chemical reactivity using light is a longstanding practice within organic chemistry, yet little has been done to modulate the basicity of compounds. Reported herein is a triazabutadiene that is rendered basic upon photoisomerization. The pH of an aqueous solution containing the water-soluble triazabutadiene can be adjusted with 350 nm light. Upon synthesizing a triazabutadiene that is soluble in aprotic organic solvents, we noted a similar light-induced change in basicity. As a proof of concept we took this photobase and used it to catalyze a condensation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Flora W Kimani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John C Jewett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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