1
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Zheng N, Liu J, Li Z, Lu J, Ni Y, Min X. Synthesis of block copolymer with cis-1,4-polybutadiene and isotactic-rich polystyrene using α-diimine nickel catalysts. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230791. [PMID: 37859835 PMCID: PMC10582592 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of styrene-butadiene di-block copolymers with high cis-1,4 unit content (greater than 92%) polybutadiene (PB) and isotactic-rich polystyrene (PS) (mmmm > 65%) was synthesized using α-diimine nickel catalysts (Ni-diimine). Four different Ni-diimine catalysts were synthesized via a complexing reaction between nickel (II) naphthenate and laboratory-made α-diimine ligands L1, L2, L3 and L4, which have different steric volume structures. The results indicate that the Ni-diimine catalyst prepared using the L4 ligand with a higher steric volume can effectively initiate the block polymerization of butadiene and styrene, and the resulting polymer has distinguished cis-1,4 structure unit PB and high isotactic-selective PS block. Differential scanning calorimetry and electrochemical performance tests show that these block copolymers with cis-1,4-regulated and isotactic-selective polymerization have advantages in terms of high-temperature and low-temperature resistance as well as corrosion resistance. Therefore, these copolymers are expected to be widely used in some harsh industrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglin Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiufu Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ni
- Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330103, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Min
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, People's Republic of China
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2
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You S, Wei X, Liu R, Zhao C, Zhao M, Shi Q, Gong G, Wu Y. Suspension and emulsion aqueous cationic homopolymerization and copolymerization of cyclohexyl vinyl ether by B(C6F5)3 initiating system. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Bayat M, Gheidari D. Green Lewis Acid Catalysis in Organic Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin
| | - Davood Gheidari
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Guilan Rasht Iran
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4
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Abstract
A few months before the COVID-19 pandemic, Pierre Vogel and Kendall N. Houk published with a new textbook Wiley-VCH, “Organic Chemistry: Theory, Reactivity, and Mechanisms in Modern Synthesis”, with a foreword from the late Roberts H. Grubbs. The book demonstrates how catalytic processes dominate all fields of modern organic chemistry and synthesis, and how invention combines thermodynamics, kinetics, spectroscopy, quantum mechanics, and thermochemical data libraries. Here, the authors present a few case studies that should be of interest to teachers, practitioners of organic and organometallic chemistry, and the engineers of molecules. The Vogel–Houk book is both textbook and reference manual; it provides a modern way to think about chemical reactivity and a powerful toolbox to inventors of new reactions and new procedures.
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5
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You S, Ren J, Zhang J, Yu Z, Zhao C, Wu Y, Liu R. Characterization and mechanism study of aqueous cationic polymerization of p-methylstyrene. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26955-26962. [PMID: 35480022 PMCID: PMC9037695 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous cationic polymerization has attracted considerable interest as a novel polymerization technique, because it conforms to the “green chemistry” trend and challenges the concept of traditional cationic polymerization. In this paper, a CumOH/B(C6F5)3/Et2O system was used to initiate the aqueous polymerization of p-methylstyrene through suspension and emulsion methods. Several types of surfactants were used, including the cationic surfactant CTAB, non-ionic surfactant NP-40, and anionic surfactant SDBS, and the influences of initiator concentration and temperature on polymerization were investigated. Consistent with previous literature, initiator activity was positively correlated with temperature unlike in traditional cationic polymerization. Gaussian 09W simulation software was used to calculate and optimize changes in the bond lengths and angles of B(C6F5)3 after ether was added to the system. The addition of ether increased the polarity of B(C6F5)3, rendering it soluble in water. 1H-NMR was used in identifying the main chain and terminal structures of the polymer, and the mechanism of p-methylstyrene aqueous phase cationic polymerization was proposed. The co-initiator B(C6F5)3 first complexed with ether. Then the complex deprives the OH− of CumOH at the water–oil interface, and initiates the polymerization of p-methylstyrene at the interface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao You
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China .,College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China
| | - Jiwen Ren
- Zhejiang Cenway Materials Co Ltd Zhejiang 314201 China
| | - Jinghan Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China .,College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China
| | - Zhaopeng Yu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China .,College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China
| | - Chenqi Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China .,College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China .,College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China
| | - Ruofan Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China .,College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China
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6
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Zhu G, Wang L, Kuang J, Xu G, Zhang Y, Wang Q. High Double Bond Content of Polyisoprene Synthesis via Cationic Polymerization Synergistically Catalyzed by Tf 2NH-Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bio-energy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bio-energy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jia Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bio-energy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Guangqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bio-energy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bio-energy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bio-energy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Ratthachag T, Buntasana S, Vilaivan T, Padungros P. Surfactant-mediated thioglycosylation of 1-hydroxy sugars in water. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:822-836. [PMID: 33403378 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thioglycosides are an important class of sugars, since they can be used as non-ionic biosurfactants, biomimetic glycosides, and building blocks for carbohydrate synthesis. Previously, Brønsted- or Lewis-acid-catalyzed dehydrative glycosylations between a 1-hydroxy sugar and a thiol have been reported to yield open-chain dithioacetal sugars as the major products instead of the desired thioglycosides. These dithioacetal sugars are by-products derived from the endocyclic bond cleavage of the thioglycosides. Herein, we report dehydrative glycosylation in water mediated by a Brønsted acid-surfactant combined catalyst (BASC). Glycosylations between 1-hydroxy furanosyl/pyranosyl sugars and primary, secondary, and tertiary aliphatic/aromatic thiols in the presence of dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) provided the thioglycoside products in moderate to good yields. Microwave irradiation led to improvements in the yields and a shortening of the reaction time. Remarkably, open-chain dithioacetal sugars were not detected in the DBSA-mediated glycosylations in water. This method is a simple, convenient, and rapid approach to produce a library of thioglycosides without the requirement of anhydrous conditions. Moreover, this work also provides an excellent example of complementary reactivity profiles of glycosylation in organic solvents and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trichada Ratthachag
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supanat Buntasana
- Green Chemistry for Fine Chemical Productions STAR, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panuwat Padungros
- Green Chemistry for Fine Chemical Productions STAR, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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8
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Destephen A, Ballard N. On the limitations of cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers in aqueous dispersed media. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of chain transfer to monomer and chain transfer to water on the molecular weight of polymers obtained by cationic polymerization in aqueous dispersed media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Destephen
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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9
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Dutra GVS, Silvério Neto W, Araújo PHHD, Sayer C, Silveira Neto BAD, Machado F. Cationic polymerization of styrene using iron-containing ionic liquid catalysts in an aqueous dispersed medium. POLIMEROS 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Liu J, Zheng N, Min X, Liu J, Li Z, Ji X. Synthesis of butadiene/isoprene–styrene di-block copolymer with high cis-1,4 unit content based on a neodymium phosphate ester. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37436-37442. [PMID: 35496400 PMCID: PMC9043828 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06923c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel two-step synthesis strategy based on a liquid neodymium phosphate ester (Nd(P507)3) catalyst was used to synthesize diene-styrene di-block copolymers with high cis-1,4 unit content, such as butadiene–styrene (PB-b-PS), isoprene–styrene (PI-b-PS), and so on. The strategy not only makes full use of the high cis-1,4 stereo-selectivity of the rare earth catalyst to conjugated dienes, but also adjusts the electron cloud density of the catalytic active center by introducing triphenyl phosphine (PPh3). Thus, the catalytic activity of the neodymium-based catalyst center toward styrene has been largely improved, and a series of PB/PI-b-PSs with high cis-1,4 unit content (98.3 and 98.1% respectively), narrow molecular weight distribution and controllable block ratio were successfully synthesized. Herein, molecular weight (Mn), molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) and microstructure of the block polymers were characterized using SEC-MALLS, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DSC. The DSC curve of a PB-b-PS with 98.3% cis-1,4 unit and 18.6% polystyrene content shows a Tg of −103.1 °C, which means it has relatively excellent mechanical properties at lower temperature. The results show that these PB/PI-b-PS materials have good application prospects in harsh low temperature environments. A novel synthesis strategy of butadiene/isoprene–styrene di-block copolymer with high cis-1,4 content was explored based on a neodymium phosphate catalyst, by adjusting the electron cloud density of the catalytic active center via triphenyl phosphine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xin Min
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Junhai Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Zhizhou Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
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11
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Destephen A, Lezama L, Ballard N. Lewis acid-surfactant complex catalyzed polymerization in aqueous dispersed media: cationic or radical polymerization? Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00363h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented that shows Lewis acid-surfactant complex catalyzed polymerization proceeds via a radical, not a cationic, mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Destephen
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU
- Bilbao
- Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
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12
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Liu J, Min X, Zhang X, Zhu X, Wang Z, Wang T, Fan X. A novel synthetic strategy for styrene-butadiene-styrene tri-block copolymer with high cis-1,4 units via changing catalytic active centres. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190536. [PMID: 31312502 PMCID: PMC6599772 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A styrene-butadiene-styrene tri-block copolymer (SBS) with a high cis-1,4 unit content (greater than 97%) was synthesized by a novel synthetic strategy based on changing the catalytic active centres using n-butyllithium and a nickel-based catalyst. Firstly, styrene was polymerized via anionic polymerization using butyllithium as the initiator (Li, activity centre Li) at 50°C. The obtained alkylated macroinitiator (PSLi) was aged with nickel naphthenate (Ni) and boron trifluoride etherate (B) to prepare a second reactive centre (Ni-F), which was used to initiate the polymerization of butadiene (Bd). Finally, triphenyl phosphine (PPh3) was added to adjust the electron density of the third active centre (P-Ni-F), and styrene monomer was added again to synthesize the second polystyrene block to obtain SBS. The polymerization technique presented here is simple and has an efficient initiation effect due to the high initiation activities for the different monomers. It also exhibits excellent control over the stereo-structure of the butadiene segments in the prepared copolymers, and the SBS polymers with high cis-1,4 unit content were easily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalytic Foundation and Application, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Min
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhong Zhu
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichao Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
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13
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Min X, Fan X. A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Hydroxyl Terminated Polystyrene- b-Polybutadiene- b-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer with High Cis-1, 4 Content. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040598. [PMID: 30960582 PMCID: PMC6523885 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the preparation of a hydroxyl terminated polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SBS) with high cis-1, 4 content via a novel nickel catalyst, [η3-Ni(CH2CHCHCH2OOCH3)][BPhF4]. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C NMR indicated that the polybutadiene segment of the copolymer contains greater than 90% cis-1, 4 structure, indicating achievement of the objective. Toward the functionalization goal, a hydroxyl group was successfully introduced at the end of the triblock copolymer (HO–SBS–OH). The results of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) revealed that the polymer is indeed a triblock copolymer, with no traces of homopolymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that HO–SBS–OH synthesized using the novel catalyst had a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than HO–SBS–OH synthesized with an alkyl lithium catalyst. Therefore, the polymer synthesized via the novel catalyst contains high cis-1,4 content and displays excellent low-temperature mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Nature and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Dongxiang Road 1, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Nature and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Dongxiang Road 1, Xi'an 710072, China.
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14
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Zhang J, Wu Y, Chen K, Zhang M, Gong L, Yang D, Li S, Guo W. Characteristics and Mechanism of Vinyl Ether Cationic Polymerization in Aqueous Media Initiated by Alcohol/B(C₆F₅)₃/Et₂O. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E500. [PMID: 30960484 PMCID: PMC6473351 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous cationic polymerizations of vinyl ethers (isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE), 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE), and n-butyl vinyl ether (n-BVE)) were performed for the first time by a CumOH/B(C₆F₅)₃/Et₂O initiating system in an air atmosphere. The polymerization proceeded in a reproducible manner through the careful design of experimental conditions (adding initiator, co-solvents, and surfactant or decreasing the reaction temperature), and the polymerization characteristics were systematically tested and compared in the suspension and emulsion. The significant difference with traditional cationic polymerization is that the polymerization rate in aqueous media using B(C₆F₅)₃/Et₂O as a co-initiator decreases when the temperature is lowered. The polymerization sites are located on the monomer/water surface. Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to investigate the competition between H₂O and alcohol combined with B(C₆F₅)₃ for providing a theoretical basis. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism for the aqueous cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers using CumOH/B(C₆F₅)₃/Et₂O was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Yibo Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Liangfa Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Shuxin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Wenli Guo
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing 102617, China.
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15
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Liu J, Min X, Zhu X, Wang Z, Wang T, Fan X. A New Synthesis Strategy on Styrene-Butadiene Di-Block Copolymer Containing High cis-1,4 Unit Via Transfer of Anionic to Coordination Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E195. [PMID: 30960178 PMCID: PMC6418940 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel synthesis strategy on styrene-butadiene di-block copolymer (PS-b-PB) with high cis-1,4 unit content was developed, based on a transfer technique from anionic to coordination polymerization. Firstly, the styrene monomer was initiated by n-butyllithium (Li) utilizing anionic polymerization at 50 °C, which resulted in a macromolecular alkylating initiator (PSLi). Secondly, PSLi was aged with nickel naphthenate (Ni) and boron trifluoride etherate (B) for obtaining a complex catalyst system (Ni/PSLi/B). Then, Ni/PSLi/B was applied to initiate the butadiene (Bd) polymerization. Following this new strategy, a series of PS-b-PBs were successfully synthesized. The experimental results indicated that under the molar ratio combination of [Li]/[Ni] = 5 and [B]/[Li] = 1, styrene-butadiene di-block copolymers could be easily achieved with high cis-1,4 unit content (>97%) and controlled molecular weight as well as narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.5). Furthermore, the copolymer's block ratio could also be effectively controlled by controlling the two components' monomer feed ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- School of material scienece and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Xin Min
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiuzhong Zhu
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Zichao Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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16
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Zhang J, Wu Y, Li X, Yang D, Zhang M, Wang H, Shang Y, Ren P, Mu X, Li S, Guo W. Characteristics and Mechanism of Styrene Cationic Polymerization in Aqueous Media Initiated by Cumyl Alcohol/B(C 6F 5) 3. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Yuwei Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Xin Mu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Wenli Guo
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
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17
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Patrocinio VMB, Agner T, Dutra GVS, Machado F, Neto BAD, Araújo PHH, Sayer C. High Molecular Weight Polystyrene Obtained by Cationic Emulsion Polymerization Catalyzed by Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201800061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius M. B. Patrocinio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SC 88040‐900 Brazil
| | - Tamara Agner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SC 88040‐900 Brazil
| | - Gabriel V. S. Dutra
- Chemistry Institute (IQ‐UnB)University of Brasília Brasília DF 70904‐970 Brazil
| | - Fabricio Machado
- Chemistry Institute (IQ‐UnB)University of Brasília Brasília DF 70904‐970 Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Chemistry Institute (IQ‐UnB)University of Brasília Brasília DF 70904‐970 Brazil
| | - Pedro H. H. Araújo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SC 88040‐900 Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SC 88040‐900 Brazil
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18
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Alves RC, Agner T, Rodrigues TS, Machado F, Neto BA, da Costa C, de Araújo PH, Sayer C. Cationic miniemulsion polymerization of styrene mediated by imidazolium based ionic liquid. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Hulnik MI, Vasilenko IV, Radchenko AV, Peruch F, Ganachaud F, Kostjuk SV. Aqueous cationic homo- and co-polymerizations of β-myrcene and styrene: a green route toward terpene-based rubbery polymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green and cost-efficient approach for the synthesis of bio-based poly(β-myrcene) and poly(β-myrcene-co-styrene) via emulsion cationic polymerization is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim I. Hulnik
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
| | - Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
| | - Alexei V. Radchenko
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- UMR 5629 CNRS/University of Bordeaux/Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
| | - Frédéric Peruch
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- UMR 5629 CNRS/University of Bordeaux/Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
| | | | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
- INSA-Lyon
- IMP
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20
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Jana S, Klähn M, Parthiban A. Nucleophile-initiated anionic polymerization of zwitterionic monomers derived from vinylpyridines in aqueous media under ambient aerobic conditions. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00520f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anionic polymerization of vinylpyridine based zwitterionic monomers using nucleophile initiators under natural conditions and DFT calculations for such polymerization are reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyasankar Jana
- Polymer Engineering & Characterization
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Jurong Island
- Singapore 627 833
| | - Marco Klähn
- Polymer Engineering & Characterization
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Jurong Island
- Singapore 627 833
| | - Anbanandam Parthiban
- Polymer Engineering & Characterization
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Jurong Island
- Singapore 627 833
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21
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Triflate esters as in-situ generated initiating system for carbocationic polymerization of vinyl ethers, isoprene, myrcene and ocimene. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Vasilenko IV, Ganachaud F, Kostjuk SV. New Insights into the Cationic Polymerization in Emulsion Catalyzed by Water-Dispersible Lewis Acid Surfactant Complexes: A Case Study with p-Methoxystyrene. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research
Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Francois Ganachaud
- IMP,
CNRS, UMR5223, INSA-Lyon, 20 Boulevard Einstein, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
- Université
de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research
Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220030 Minsk, Belarus
- IMP,
CNRS, UMR5223, INSA-Lyon, 20 Boulevard Einstein, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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23
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Piradashvili K, Alexandrino EM, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Reactions and Polymerizations at the Liquid–Liquid Interface. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2141-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keti Piradashvili
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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24
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Ouardad S, Wirotius AL, Kostjuk S, Ganachaud F, Peruch F. Carbocationic polymerization of isoprene using cumyl initiators: progress in understanding side reactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08557h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cationic polymerization of isoprene using cumyl chloride/B(C6F5)3 and cumyl ether/TiCl4 systems was investigated in dichloromethane or in dichloromethane/methylcyclohexane mixtures varying the polymerization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220030 Minsk
- Belarus
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