1
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Hope MA, Mishra A, Emsley L. Hydrogen Diffusion in Hybrid Perovskites from Exchange NMR. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:7525-7532. [PMID: 39156713 PMCID: PMC11325541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Ion migration is an important phenomenon affecting the performance of hybrid perovskite solar cells. It is particularly challenging, however, to disentangle the contribution of H+ diffusion from that of other ions, and the atomic-scale mechanism remains unclear. Here, we use 2H exchange NMR to prove that 2H+ ions exchange between MA+ cations on the time scale of seconds for both MAPbI3 and FA0.7MA0.3PbI3 perovskites. We do this by exploiting 15N-enriched MA+ to label the cations by their 15N spin state. The exchange rates and activation energy are then calculated by performing experiments as functions of mixing time and temperature. By comparing the measured exchange rates to previously measured bulk H+ diffusivities, we demonstrate that, after dissociating, H+ ions travel through the lattice before associating to another cation rather than hopping between adjacent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Hope
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Castro-Méndez AF, Jahanbakhshi F, LaFollette DK, Lawrie BJ, Li R, Perini CAR, Rappe AM, Correa-Baena JP. Tailoring Interface Energies via Phosphonic Acids to Grow and Stabilize Cubic FAPbI 3 Deposited by Thermal Evaporation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18459-18469. [PMID: 38934577 PMCID: PMC11240563 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Coevaporation of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) is a promising route for the fabrication of highly efficient and scalable optoelectronic devices, such as perovskite solar cells. However, it poses experimental challenges in achieving stoichiometric FAPbI3 films with a cubic structure (α-FAPbI3). In this work, we show that undesired hexagonal phases of both PbI2 and FAPbI3 form during thermal evaporation, including the well-known 2H-FAPbI3, which are detrimental for optoelectronic performance. We demonstrate the growth of α-FAPbI3 at room temperature via thermal evaporation by depositing phosphonic acids (PAc) on substrates and subsequently coevaporating PbI2 and formamidinium iodide. We use density-functional theory to develop a theoretical model to understand the relative growth energetics of the α and 2H phases of FAPbI3 for different molecular interactions. Experiments and theory show that the presence of PAc molecules stabilizes the formation of α-FAPbI3 in thin films when excess molecules are available to migrate during growth. This migration of molecules facilitates the continued presence of adsorbed organic precursors at the free surface throughout the evaporation, which lowers the growth energy of the α-FAPbI3 phase. Our theoretical analyses of PAc molecule-molecule interactions show that ligands can form hydrogen bonding to reduce the migration rate of the molecules through the deposited film, limiting the effects on the crystal structure stabilization. Our results also show that the phase stabilization with molecules that migrate is long-lasting and resistant to moist air. These findings enable reliable formation and processing of α-FAPbI3 films via vapor deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés-Felipe Castro-Méndez
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Farzaneh Jahanbakhshi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United
States
| | - Diana K. LaFollette
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Lawrie
- The
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11967, United States
| | - Carlo A. R. Perini
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United
States
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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3
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Zhong Y, Yang J, Wang X, Liu Y, Cai Q, Tan L, Chen Y. Inhibition of Ion Migration for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302552. [PMID: 37067957 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, organic-inorganic halide perovskites are now emerging as the most attractive alternatives for next-generation photovoltaic devices, due to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics and low manufacturing cost. However, the resultant perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) are intrinsically unstable owing to ion migration, which severely impedes performance enhancement, even with device encapsulation. There is no doubt that the investigation of ion migration and the summarization of recent advances in inhibition strategies are necessary to develop "state-of-the-art" PVSCs with high intrinsic stability for accelerated commercialization. This review systematically elaborates on the generation and fundamental mechanisms of ion migration in PVSCs, the impact of ion migration on hysteresis, phase segregation, and operational stability, and the characterizations for ion migration in PVSCs. Then, many related works on the strategies for inhibiting ion migration toward highly efficient and stable PVSCs are summarized. Finally, the perspectives on the current obstacles and prospective strategies for inhibition of ion migration in PVSCs to boost operational stability and meet all of the requirements for commercialization success are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qianqian Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
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4
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Zhang H, Pfeifer L, Zakeeruddin SM, Chu J, Grätzel M. Tailoring passivators for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:632-652. [PMID: 37464018 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing global effort to advance emerging perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and many of these endeavours are focused on developing new compositions, processing methods and passivation strategies. In particular, the use of passivators to reduce the defects in perovskite materials has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for enhancing the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of PSCs. Organic passivators have received increasing attention since the late 2010s as their structures and properties can readily be modified. First, this Review discusses the main types of defect in perovskite materials and reviews their properties. We examine the deleterious impact of defects on device efficiency and stability and highlight how defects facilitate extrinsic degradation pathways. Second, the proven use of different passivator designs to mitigate these negative effects is discussed, and possible defect passivation mechanisms are presented. Finally, we propose four specific directions for future research, which, in our opinion, will be crucial for unlocking the full potential of PSCs using the concept of defect passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Junhao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Zuo L, Li Z, Chen H. Ion Migration and Accumulation in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Zhejiang University‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Zexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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6
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Alkhalifah G, Marshall AD, Rudayni F, Wanigasekara S, Wu JZ, Chan WL. Defect-Polaron and Enormous Light-Induced Fermi-Level Shift at Halide Perovskite Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6711-6720. [PMID: 35849072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites intrinsically contain a large amount of point defects. The interaction of these defects with photocarriers, photons, and lattice distortion remains a complex and unresolved issue. We found that for halide perovskite films with excess halide vacancies, the Fermi level can be shifted by as much as 0.7 eV upon light illumination. These defects can trap photocarriers for hours after the light illumination is turned off. The enormous light-induced Fermi level shift and the prolonged electron trapping are explained by the capturing of photocarriers by halide vacancies at the surface of the perovskite film. The formation of this defect-photocarrier complex can result in lattice deformation and an energy shift in the defect state. The whole process is akin to polaron formation at a defect site. Our data also suggest that these trapped carriers increase the electrical polarizability of the lattice, presumably by enhancing the defect migration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Alkhalifah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University (KFU), Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angelo D Marshall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Fatimah Rudayni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanika Wanigasekara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Judy Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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7
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Jones MDK, Dawson JA, Campbell S, Barrioz V, Whalley LD, Qu Y. Modelling Interfaces in Thin-Film Photovoltaic Devices. Front Chem 2022; 10:920676. [PMID: 35844645 PMCID: PMC9284977 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.920676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective device architectures for energy technologies-such as solar cells, rechargeable batteries or fuel cells-does not only depend on the performance of a single material, but on the performance of multiple materials working together. A key part of this is understanding the behaviour at the interfaces between these materials. In the context of a solar cell, efficient charge transport across the interface is a pre-requisite for devices with high conversion efficiencies. There are several methods that can be used to simulate interfaces, each with an in-built set of approximations, limitations and length-scales. These methods range from those that consider only composition (e.g. data-driven approaches) to continuum device models (e.g. drift-diffusion models using the Poisson equation) and ab-initio atomistic models (developed using e.g. density functional theory). Here we present an introduction to interface models at various levels of theory, highlighting the capabilities and limitations of each. In addition, we discuss several of the various physical and chemical processes at a heterojunction interface, highlighting the complex nature of the problem and the challenges it presents for theory and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. K. Jones
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Dawson
- Chemistry – School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Barrioz
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy D. Whalley
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yongtao Qu
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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8
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Zhu W, Wang S, Zhang X, Wang A, Wu C, Hao F. Ion Migration in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Understanding and Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105783. [PMID: 35038213 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHPs) solar cells are the most promising alternatives to traditional silicon solar cells, with a certified power conversion efficiency beyond 25%. However, the poor stability of OHIPs is one of the thorniest obstacles that hinder its commercial development. Among all the factors affecting stability, ion migration is prominent because it is unavoidable and intrinsic in OHIPs. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism for ion migration and regulation strategies. Herein, the types of ions that may migrate in OHIPs are first discussed; afterward, the migrating channels are demonstrated. The effects of ion migration are further elaborated. While ion migration can facilitate the p-i-n structure in some cases, the current hysteresis and other adverse effects such as phase segregation in OHIPs attract widespread attention. Based on these, several recent strategies to suppress the ion migration are enumerated, including the introduction of alkali cations, organic additives, grain boundaries passivation, and employment of low-dimensional perovskites. Finally, the prospect for further modulating the ion migration and more stable perovskite solar cells is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Zhu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Aili Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Feng Hao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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9
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Marshall AD, Acharya J, Alkhalifah G, Kattel B, Chan WL, Wu JZ. Probing the Origin of Light-Enhanced Ion Diffusion in Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33609-33617. [PMID: 34251163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites have emerged recently as highly promising materials for optoelectronics such as photovoltaics and photodetectors. A unique feature of these materials is ion diffusion that directly impacts the optoelectronic process by affecting the charge transport and trapping. In order to shed light on the ionic diffusion behavior, the hybrid perovskites MAPbI3 and MAPbI3 with minor doping of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl-ester (MAPbI3-PCBM) thin-film capacitors were investigated in the presence of steady and dynamic visible illumination of different intensities. Light-induced capacitance, which increases monotonically with the increase of light intensity, was observed in the low-frequency range below 300 kHz of the electric field on both while differing quantitatively. Specifically, the large light-induced capacitance in the MAPbI3 capacitors can be obtained in the MAPbI3-PCBM ones in the dark. In addition, the increase of capacitance with light intensity is much less in the latter with electron trapping induced by PCBM. This result has revealed that the light-induced capacitance in MAPbI3 capacitors can be ascribed to the contribution of the additional charges across the capacitors associated with ionic diffusion activated by the illumination and that the effects on the capacitance will remain after the illumination is turned off due to residual photoexcited electrons trapped in the MAPbI3-PCBM sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D Marshall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jagaran Acharya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ghadah Alkhalifah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Bhupal Kattel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Judy Z Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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10
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11
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Kronik L, Rappe AM. Hydrogen freedom linked to perovskite efficiency. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:914-915. [PMID: 33927393 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel.
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Ceratti DR, Zohar A, Kozlov R, Dong H, Uraltsev G, Girshevitz O, Pinkas I, Avram L, Hodes G, Cahen D. Eppur si Muove: Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002467. [PMID: 33048452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ion diffusion affects the optoelectronic properties of halide-perovskites (HaPs). Until now, the fastest diffusion has been attributed to the movement of the halides, largely neglecting the contribution of protons, on the basis of computed density estimates. Here, the process of proton diffusion inside HaPs, following deuterium-hydrogen exchange and migration in MAPbI3 , MAPbBr3 , and FAPbBr3 single crystals, is proven through D/H NMR quantification, Raman spectroscopy, and elastic recoil detection analysis, challenging the original assumption of halide-dominated diffusion. The results are confirmed by impedance spectroscopy, where MAPbBr3 - and CsPbBr3 -based solar cells respond at very different frequencies. Water plays a key role in allowing the migration of protons as deuteration is not detected in its absence. The water contribution is modeled to explain and forecast its effect as a function of its concentration in the perovskite structure. These findings are of great importance as they evidence how unexpected, water-dependent proton diffusion can be at the basis of the ≈7 orders of magnitude spread of diffusion (attributed to I- and Br- ) coefficient values, reported in the literature. The reported enhancement of the optoelectronic properties of HaP when exposed to small amounts of water may be related to the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Raffaele Ceratti
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Arava Zohar
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Roman Kozlov
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Functional Inorganic Materials, Academician Semenov, Chernogolovka, Moscow, 142432, Russia
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210093, China
| | - Gennady Uraltsev
- Department of Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Olga Girshevitz
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
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13
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Geng W, Tong C, Zhang Y, Liu L. Theoretical Progress on the Relationship between the Structures and Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Geng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
- School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chuan‐Jia Tong
- School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China
| | - Li‐Min Liu
- School of Physics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
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14
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Sadhu S, Buffeteau T, Sandrez S, Hirsch L, Bassani DM. Observing the Migration of Hydrogen Species in Hybrid Perovskite Materials through D/H Isotope Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10431-10437. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subha Sadhu
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, ENSCBP F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Simon Sandrez
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, ENSCBP F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, ENSCBP F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Dario M. Bassani
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Talence, France
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15
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Zhang B, Liao Y, Tong L, Yang Y, Wang X. Ion migration in Br-doped MAPbI 3 and its inhibition mechanisms investigated via quantum dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7778-7786. [PMID: 32236205 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00866d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MAPb(I1-xBrx)3 is widely used as a window layer in tandem solar cells. Ion migration is one of the most important factors that results in phase separation in MAPb(I1-xBrx)3 and eventually causes a decrease of cell performance. Recent research demonstrates that the doping of Cs+ and the formation of low-dimensional perovskite structures are effective means of inhibiting the migration. To investigate the causes of the migration and its inhibition mechanisms in hybrid halide perovskite materials, large-scale quantum dynamics simulations are conducted on MAPbI3, MAPb(I0.4Br0.6)3 and Cs0.125MA0.875Pb(I0.4Br0.6)3, respectively. By tracking changes in the geometric structures of the perovskite materials before and after doping with Br- and Cs+ in the dynamics processes, the precondition for the ion migration is firstly revealed. The dimension reduction of the perovskite skeleton structures by introducing Cs+ is observed. Furthermore, by combining observations with the variations of the band gap values in all the systems, the inhibition mechanisms of Cs+ doping on ion migration in MAPb(I1-xBrx)3 are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Security and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. and School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yinjie Liao
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Tong
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yieqin Yang
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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16
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Mahapatra A, Runjhun R, Nawrocki J, Lewiński J, Kalam A, Kumar P, Trivedi S, Tavakoli MM, Prochowicz D, Yadav P. Elucidation of the role of guanidinium incorporation in single-crystalline MAPbI3 perovskite on ion migration and activation energy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11467-11473. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of guanidinium incorporation in a single-crystalline MAPbI3 perovskite on ion migration using temperature-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Mahapatra
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Rashmi Runjhun
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Jan Nawrocki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Abul Kalam
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Suverna Trivedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Solar Energy
- School of Technology
- Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University
- Gandhinagar-382 007
- India
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17
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Li YT, Ding L, Li JZ, Kang J, Li DH, Ren L, Ju ZY, Sun MX, Ma JQ, Tian Y, Gou GY, Xie D, Tian H, Yang Y, Wang LW, Peng LM, Ren TL. Light-Enhanced Ion Migration in Two-Dimensional Perovskite Single Crystals Revealed in Carbon Nanotubes/Two-Dimensional Perovskite Heterostructure and Its Photomemory Application. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1857-1865. [PMID: 31807687 PMCID: PMC6891861 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskite sandwiched between two long-chain organic layers is an emerging class of low-cost semiconductor materials with unique optical properties and improved moisture stability. Unlike conventional semiconductors, ion migration in perovskite is a unique phenomenon possibly responsible for long carrier lifetime, current-voltage hysteresis, and low-frequency giant dielectric response. While there are many studies of ion migration in bulk hybrid perovskite, not much is known for its 2D counterparts, especially for ion migration induced by light excitation. Here, we construct an exfoliated 2D perovskite/carbon nanotube (CNT) heterostructure field effect transistor (FET), not only to demonstrate its potential in photomemory applications, but also to study the light induced ion migration mechanisms. We show that the FET I-V characteristic curve can be regulated by light and shows two opposite trends under different CNT oxygen doping conditions. Our temperature-dependent study indicates that the change in the I-V curve is probably caused by ion redistribution in the 2D hybrid perovskite. The first principle calculation shows the reduction of the migration barrier of I vacancy under light excitation. The device simulation shows that the increase of 2D hybrid perovskite dielectric constant (enabled by the increased ion migration) can change the I-V curve in the trends observed experimentally. Finally, the so synthesized FET shows the multilevel photomemory function. Our work shows that not only we could understand the unique ion migration behavior in 2D hybrid perovskite, it might also be used for many future memory function related applications not realizable in traditional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao Li
- Institute
of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information
Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Ding
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department
of Electronics, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices
and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun-Ze Li
- School
of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Material
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - De-Hui Li
- School
of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Ren
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department
of Electronics, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices
and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Ju
- Institute
of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information
Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meng-Xing Sun
- Institute
of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information
Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia-Qi Ma
- School
of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Institute
of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information
Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guang-Yang Gou
- Institute
of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information
Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Institute
of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information
Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Tian
- Institute
of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information
Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute
of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information
Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Material
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
- (L.-W.W.) E-mail:
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key
Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department
of Electronics, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices
and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- (L.-M.P.) E-mail:
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- Institute
of Microelectronics, Beijing National Research Center for Information
Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
- (T.-L.R.) E-mail:
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18
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Wang Y, Liu X, Zhou Z, Ru P, Chen H, Yang X, Han L. Reliable Measurement of Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803231. [PMID: 30663134 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone an incredibly fast development and attracted intense attention worldwide owing to their high efficiency and low-cost fabrication. However, it is challenging to make a reliable measurement of PSCs, which creates great difficulty for researchers to compare and reproduce published results. Herein, the major measurement methods and key factors affecting evaluation of PSCs are summarized, such as hysteresis in current-voltage measurement, calibration of solar simulators for less mismatch in spectra and light intensity, and the area for the calculation of current density and power conversion efficiency. PSCs are also compared with n-i-p or p-i-n structures that exhibit different feedback under the same measurement methods. Finally, a measurement proposal is provided to help researchers obtain reliable measurement results close to those certified by public test centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhou
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengbin Ru
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Han Chen
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Liyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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19
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Jiang Y, Wang X, Pan A. Properties of Excitons and Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806671. [PMID: 31106917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have recently attracted great attention from the scientific community due to their excellent photovoltaic performance as well as their tremendous potential for other optoelectronic applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. Despite the rapid progress in device applications, a solid understanding of the photophysical properties behind the device performance is highly desirable for MHPs. Here, the properties of excitons and photogenerated charge carriers in MHPs are explored. The unique dielectric constant properties, crystal-liquid duality, and fundamental optical processes of MHPs are first discussed. The properties of excitons and related phenomena in MHPs are then detailed, including the exciton binding energy determined by various methods and their influence factors, exciton dynamics, exciton-photon coupling and related applications, and exciton-phonon coupling in MHPs. The properties of photogenerated free charge carriers in MHPs such as the carrier diffusion length, mobility, and recombination are described. Recent progress in various applications is also demonstrated. Finally, a conclusion and perspectives of future studies for MHPs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
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20
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Gong LK, Du KZ, Huang XY. PbX 2(OOCMMIm) (X = Cl, Br): photoluminescent organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide compounds with high proton conductivity. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6690-6694. [PMID: 31020291 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01139k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the electronegativity and hydrophilicity of halogens lead to differences in proton-conducting and photoluminescence properties in hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide compounds of [PbX2(OOCMMIm)]n (X = Cl (1), Br (2), HOOCMMIm = 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao-Kuo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke-Zhao Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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21
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Park BW, Seok SI. Intrinsic Instability of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Halide Perovskite Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805337. [PMID: 30773706 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid lead halide perovskite materials are used in solar cells and show efficiencies greater than 23%. Furthermore, they are applied in light-emitting diodes, X-ray detectors, thin-film transistors, thermoelectrics, and memory devices. Lead trihalide hybrid materials contain methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) (or a mixture), or long alkylammonium halides, as alternative organic cations. However, the intrinsic stability of hybrid lead halide perovskites is not very high, and they are chemically unstable when exposed to moisture, light, or heat because of their organic contents and low formation energies. Therefore, although improvements in the chemical stability are crucial, changing the material composition is challenging because it is directly related to the desired application requirements. Fortunately, hybrid lead halide perovskites have a very high tolerance toward changes in physical properties arising from doping or addition of different cations and anions, in many cases showing improved properties. Here, the intrinsic instability of hybrid lead halide perovskites is reviewed in relation to the crystal phase and chemical stability. It is suggested that FA should be used for lead halide perovskites for chemical stability instead of MA. Furthermore, additives that stabilize the crystal phase with α-FAPbI3 should eschew MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Wook Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Seok
- Department of Energy Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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22
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Microscopic insight into non-radiative decay in perovskite semiconductors from temperature-dependent luminescence blinking. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1698. [PMID: 30979903 PMCID: PMC6461618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Organo-metal halide perovskites are promising solution-processed semiconductors, however, they possess diverse and largely not understood non-radiative mechanisms. Here, we resolve contributions of individual non-radiative recombination centers (quenchers) in nanocrystals of methylammonium lead iodide by studying their photoluminescence blinking caused by random switching of quenchers between active and passive states. We propose a model to describe the observed reduction of blinking upon cooling and determine energetic barriers of 0.2 to 0.8 eV for enabling the switching process, which points to ion migration as the underlying mechanism. Moreover, due to the strong influence of individual quenchers, the crystals show very individually-shaped photoluminescence enhancement upon cooling, suggesting that the high variety of activation energies of the PL enhancement reported in literature is not related to intrinsic properties but rather to the defect chemistry. Stabilizing the fluctuating quenchers in their passive states thus appears to be a promising strategy for improving the material quality. The mechanism of the non-radiative recombination in halide perovskite nanocrystals has not been fully understood. Here Gerhard et al. resolve the contributions of individual recombination centers by photoluminescence blinking measurements and identify ion migration as the underlying mechanism.
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23
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A Review: Thermal Stability of Methylammonium Lead Halide Based Perovskite Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have achieved photo-conversion efficiencies greater than 20%, making them a promising candidate as an emerging solar cell technology. While perovskite solar cells are expected to eventually compete with existing silicon-based solar cells on the market, their long-term stability has become a major bottleneck. In particular, perovskite films are found to be very sensitive to external factors such as air, UV light, light soaking, thermal stress and others. Among these stressors, light, oxygen and moisture-induced degradation can be slowed by integrating barrier or interface layers within the device architecture. However, the most representative perovskite absorber material, CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), appears to be thermally unstable even in an inert environment. This poses a substantial challenge for solar cell applications because device temperatures can be over 45 °C higher than ambient temperatures when operating under direct sunlight. Herein, recent advances in resolving thermal stability problems are highlighted through literature review. Moreover, the most recent and promising strategies for overcoming thermal degradation are also summarized.
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24
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De Souza RA, Barboni D. Iodide-ion conduction in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite: some extraordinary aspects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1108-1111. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Certain surprising aspects of iodide-ion conduction in MAPbI3, such as the low migration barrier and the dominance of anti-Frenkel disorder, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. De Souza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Denis Barboni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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25
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Stöhr M, Van Voorhis T, Tkatchenko A. Theory and practice of modeling van der Waals interactions in electronic-structure calculations. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4118-4154. [PMID: 31190037 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The accurate description of long-range electron correlation, most prominently including van der Waals (vdW) dispersion interactions, represents a particularly challenging task in the modeling of molecules and materials. vdW forces arise from the interaction of quantum-mechanical fluctuations in the electronic charge density. Within (semi-)local density functional approximations or Hartree-Fock theory such interactions are neglected altogether. Non-covalent vdW interactions, however, are ubiquitous in nature and play a key role for the understanding and accurate description of the stability, dynamics, structure, and response properties in a plethora of systems. During the last decade, many promising methods have been developed for modeling vdW interactions in electronic-structure calculations. These methods include vdW-inclusive Density Functional Theory and correlated post-Hartree-Fock approaches. Here, we focus on the methods within the framework of Density Functional Theory, including non-local van der Waals density functionals, interatomic dispersion models within many-body and pairwise formulation, and random phase approximation-based approaches. This review aims to guide the reader through the theoretical foundations of these methods in a tutorial-style manner and, in particular, highlight practical aspects such as the applicability and the advantages and shortcomings of current vdW-inclusive approaches. In addition, we give an overview of complementary experimental approaches, and discuss tools for the qualitative understanding of non-covalent interactions as well as energy decomposition techniques. Besides representing a reference for the current state-of-the-art, this work is thus also designed as a concise and detailed introduction to vdW-inclusive electronic structure calculations for a general and broad audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stöhr
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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26
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Yin T, Liu B, Yan J, Fang Y, Chen M, Chong WK, Jiang S, Kuo JL, Fang J, Liang P, Wei S, Loh KP, Sum TC, White TJ, Shen ZX. Pressure-Engineered Structural and Optical Properties of Two-Dimensional (C 4H 9NH 3) 2PbI 4 Perovskite Exfoliated nm-Thin Flakes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:1235-1241. [PMID: 30561996 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resolving the structure-property relationships of two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites is essential for the development of photovoltaic and photoelectronic devices. Here, pressure (0-10 GPa) was applied to 2D hybrid perovskite flakes mechanically exfoliated from butylammonium lead halide single crystals, (C4H9NH3)2PbI4, from which we observed a series of changes of the strong excitonic emissions in the photoluminescence spectra. By correlating with in situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction results, we examine successfully the relationship between structural modifications in the inorganic PbI42- layer and their excitonic properties. During the transition between Pbca (1b) phase and Pbca (1a) phase at around 0.1 GPa, the decrease in ⟨Pb-I-Pb⟩ bond angle and increase in Pb-I bond length lead to an abrupt blue shift of the excitonic bandgap. The presence of the P21/a phase above 1.4 GPa increases the ⟨Pb-I-Pb⟩ bond angle and decreases the Pb-I bond length, leading to a deep red shift of the excitonic bandgap. The total band gap narrowing of ∼350 meV to 2.03 eV at 5.3 GPa before amorphization, facilitates (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 as a much better solar absorber. Moreover, phase transitions inevitably modify the carrier lifetime of (C4H9NH3)2PbI4, where an initial 150 ps at ambient phase is prolongated to 190 ps in the Pbca (1a) phase along with enhanced photoluminescence (PL), originating from pressure-induced strong radiative recombination of trapped excitons.The onset of P21/a phase shortens significantly the carrier lifetime to 53 ps along with a weak PL emission due to pressure-induced severe lattice distortion and amorphization. High-pressure study on (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 nm-thin flakes may provide insights into the mechanisms for synthetically designing novel 2D hybrid perovskite based photoelectronic devices and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yin
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University 637371 , Singapore
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) , 3 Science Drive 3 117543 , Singapore.,Division of Physics and Applied Physics , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS) , NTU, 21 Nanyang Link 637371 , Singapore
| | - Jiaxu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China.,Division of Physics and Applied Physics , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS) , NTU, 21 Nanyang Link 637371 , Singapore
| | - Yanan Fang
- ERI@N , Research Techno Plaza , X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 , Singapore
| | - Minghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education) , Harbin University of Science and Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
| | - Wee Kiang Chong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS) , NTU, 21 Nanyang Link 637371 , Singapore.,Energy Research Institute @ NTU, ERI@N, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University 639798 , Singapore
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program , State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Jiye Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program , State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Pei Liang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology , China Jiliang University , 310018 Hangzhou , China
| | - Shuhuai Wei
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , 100094 Beijing , China
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) , 3 Science Drive 3 117543 , Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS) , NTU, 21 Nanyang Link 637371 , Singapore
| | - Timothy J White
- ERI@N , Research Techno Plaza , X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 , Singapore
| | - Ze Xiang Shen
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University 637371 , Singapore.,Division of Physics and Applied Physics , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS) , NTU, 21 Nanyang Link 637371 , Singapore
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27
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Feng Y, Zhao Y, Zhou WK, Li Q, Saidi WA, Zhao Q, Li XZ. Proton Migration in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites: From Classical Hopping to Deep Quantum Tunneling. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6536-6543. [PMID: 30358406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) have shown enormous potential for solar cells, while problems like the current-voltage hysteresis and the long-term instability have seriously hindered their applications. Ion migrations are believed to be relevant. But the atomistic details still remain unclear. Here we study the migrations of ions in CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) at varying temperatures ( T's), using combined experimental and first-principle theoretical methods. Classical hopping of the iodide ions is the main migration mechanism at moderate T's. Below ∼270 K, the kinetic constant for ionic migration still shows an Arrenhius dependency, but the much lower activation energy is attributed to the migration of H+. A gradual classical-to-quantum transition takes place between ∼140 and ∼80 K. Below ∼80 K, the kinetic constant becomes T-independent, suggesting that deep quantum tunneling of H+ takes over. This study gives direct experimental evidence for the migrations of H+s in MAPbI3 and confirms their quantum nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Wissam A Saidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
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28
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Choi J, Han JS, Hong K, Kim SY, Jang HW. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Halide Perovskites for Memories, Transistors, and Artificial Synapses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704002. [PMID: 29847692 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fascinating characteristics of halide perovskites (HPs), which cannot be seen in conventional semiconductors and metal oxides, have boosted the application of HPs in electronic devices beyond optoelectronics such as solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes. Here, recent advances in HP-based memory and logic devices such as resistive-switching memories (i.e., resistive random access memory (RRAM) or memristors), transistors, and artificial synapses are reviewed, focusing on inherently exotic properties of HPs: i) tunable bandgap, ii) facile majority carrier control, iii) fast ion migration, and iv) superflexibility. Various fabrication techniques of HP thin films from solution-based methods to vacuum processes are introduced. Up-to-date work in the field, emphasizing the compositional flexibility of HPs, suggest that HPs are promising candidates for next-generation electronic devices. Taking advantages of their unique electrical properties, low-cost and low-temperature synthesis, and compositional and mechanical flexibility, HPs have enormous potential to provide a new platform for future electronic devices and explosively intensive studies will pave the way in finding new HP materials beyond conventional silicon-based semiconductors to keep up with "More-than-Moore" times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kootak Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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29
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Yusoff ARBM, Nazeeruddin MK. Low-Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS 2018; 8:1702073. [DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201702073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abd. Rashid bin Mohd. Yusoff
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
- Advanced Display Research Center; Department of Information Display; Kyung Hee University; Dongdaemoon-gu 130-701 Seoul South Korea
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
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30
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Egger DA, Bera A, Cahen D, Hodes G, Kirchartz T, Kronik L, Lovrincic R, Rappe AM, Reichman DR, Yaffe O. What Remains Unexplained about the Properties of Halide Perovskites? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800691. [PMID: 29569287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The notion that halide perovskite crystals (ABX3 , where X is a halide) exhibit unique structural and optoelectronic behavior deserves serious scrutiny. After decades of steady and half a decade of intense research, the question which attributes of these materials are unusual, is discussed, with an emphasis on the identification of the most important remaining issues. The goal is to stimulate discussion rather than to merely present a community consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Egger
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achintya Bera
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Robert Lovrincic
- InnovationLab, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for High Frequency Technology, TU Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
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31
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Ran C, Xu J, Gao W, Huang C, Dou S. Defects in metal triiodide perovskite materials towards high-performance solar cells: origin, impact, characterization, and engineering. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4581-4610. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00868f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The progress of defect science in metal triiodide perovskite is critically reviewed, including the origin, impacts, characterization, and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Ran
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Xi’ an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Jiantie Xu
- School of Environment and Energy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Weiyin Gao
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Xi’ an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Chunmao Huang
- School of Environment and Energy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong 2500
- Australia
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32
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Petrović M, Ye T, Chellappan V, Ramakrishna S. Effect of Low Temperature on Charge Transport in Operational Planar and Mesoporous Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42769-42778. [PMID: 29181976 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature optoelectrical studies of perovskite solar cells using MAPbI3 and mixed-perovskite absorbers implemented into planar and mesoporous architectures reveal fundamental charge transporting properties in fully assembled devices operating under light bias. Both types of devices exhibit inverse correlation of charge carrier lifetime as a function of temperature, extending carrier lifetimes upon temperature reduction, especially after exposure to high optical biases. Contribution of bimolecular channels to the overall recombination process should not be overlooked because the density of generated charge surpasses trap-filling concentration requirements. Bimolecular charge recombination coefficient in both device types is smaller than Langevin theory prediction, and its mean value is independent of the applied illumination intensity. In planar devices, charge extraction declines upon MAPbI3 transition from a tetragonal to an orthorhombic phase, indicating a connection between the trapping/detrapping mechanism and temperature. Studies on charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage further support this assertion, as charge carrier mobility dependence on temperature follows multiple-trapping predictions for both device structures. The monotonously increasing trend following the rise in temperature opposes the behavior observed in neat perovskite films and indicates the importance of transporting layers and the effect they have on charge transport in fully assembled solar cells. Low-temperature phase transition shows no pattern of influence on thermally activated electron/hole transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Petrović
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre of Nanofibers and Nanotechnology (NUSCNN), National University of Singapore , 117576 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre of Nanofibers and Nanotechnology (NUSCNN), National University of Singapore , 117576 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Vijila Chellappan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre of Nanofibers and Nanotechnology (NUSCNN), National University of Singapore , 117576 Singapore
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33
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Cardenas-Daw C, Simon T, Stolarczyk JK, Feldmann J. Migration of Constituent Protons in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Triggers Intrinsic Doping. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16462-16465. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cardenas-Daw
- Photonics
and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience
(CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstraße
54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Simon
- Photonics
and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience
(CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstraße
54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jacek K. Stolarczyk
- Photonics
and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience
(CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstraße
54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Photonics
and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience
(CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstraße
54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
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34
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Chen YF, Tsai YT, Hirsch L, Bassani DM. Kinetic Isotope Effects Provide Experimental Evidence for Proton Tunneling in Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16359-16364. [PMID: 29068205 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of proton tunneling in MAPbI3 hybrid organic inorganic perovskites is demonstrated through the effect of isotopic labeling of the methylammonium (MA) component on the dielectric permittivity response. Deuteration of the ammonium group results in the acceleration of proton migration (inverse primary isotope effect), whereas deuteration of the methyl group induces a normal secondary isotope effect. The activation energies for proton migration are calculated to be 50 and 27 meV for the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases, respectively, which decrease upon deuteration of the ammonium group. The low activation barrier and the deviation from unity of the ratio of the pre-exponential factors (AH/AD = 0.3-0.4) are consistent with a tunneling mechanism for proton migration. Deuteration of the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer results in a behavior that is intermediate between that of the deuterated and undeuterated perovskite, due to extrinsic ion migration between the two materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Chen
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5218, IMS , F-33400 Talence, France.,Université Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255, ISM , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Yu-Tang Tsai
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5218, IMS , F-33400 Talence, France.,Université Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255, ISM , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5218, IMS , F-33400 Talence, France.,Université Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255, ISM , F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Dario M Bassani
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5218, IMS , F-33400 Talence, France.,Université Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5255, ISM , F-33405 Talence, France
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35
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Yun S, Zhou X, Even J, Hagfeldt A. Theoretische Abhandlung über CH3
NH3
PbI3
-Perowskit-Solarzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory, FML, School of Materials & Mineral Resources; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Functional Materials Laboratory, FML, School of Materials & Mineral Resources; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China
| | - Jacky Even
- Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l' Information, FOTON, UMR 6082, CNRS, INSA de Rennes; 35708 Rennes Frankreich
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering; Ēcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL; 1015 Lausanne Schweiz
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36
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Yun S, Zhou X, Even J, Hagfeldt A. Theoretical Treatment of CH3
NH3
PbI3
Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15806-15817. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory, FML, School of Materials & Mineral Resources; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Functional Materials Laboratory, FML, School of Materials & Mineral Resources; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China
| | - Jacky Even
- Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l' Information, FOTON UMR 6082, CNRS, INSA de Rennes; 35708 Rennes France
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM); Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering, Ēcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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37
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Yan H, Ou T, Jiao H, Wang T, Wang Q, Liu C, Liu X, Han Y, Ma Y, Gao C. Pressure Dependence of Mixed Conduction and Photo Responsiveness in Organolead Tribromide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2944-2950. [PMID: 28613889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrical transport properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) polycrystals were in situ investigated by alternating-current impedance spectroscopy under high pressures up to 5.6 GPa. It is confirmed that ionic and electronic conductions coexist in MAPbBr3. As pressure below 3.3 GPa ions migration is the predominant process, while above 3.3 GPa electronic conduction becomes the main process. An obvious ionic-electronic transition can be observed. The pressure dependent photo responsiveness of MAPbBr3 was also studied by in situ photocurrent measurements up to 3.8 GPa. The mixed conduction can be clearly seen in photocurrent measurement. Additionally, the photocurrents remain robust below 2.4 GPa, while they are suppressed with pressure-induced partial amorphization. Interestingly, the photoelectric response of MAPbBr3 can be enhanced by high pressure, and the strongest photocurrent value appears in the high-pressure phase II at 0.7 GPa, which is similar to previous results in both MAPbI3 and MASnI3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacai Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tianji Ou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui Jiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qinglin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physical Science & Information Technology of Liaocheng University , Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Cailong Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yonghao Han
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanzhang Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Chunxiao Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
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38
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Wu X, Tan LZ, Shen X, Hu T, Miyata K, Trinh MT, Li R, Coffee R, Liu S, Egger DA, Makasyuk I, Zheng Q, Fry A, Robinson JS, Smith MD, Guzelturk B, Karunadasa HI, Wang X, Zhu X, Kronik L, Rappe AM, Lindenberg AM. Light-induced picosecond rotational disordering of the inorganic sublattice in hybrid perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602388. [PMID: 28782016 PMCID: PMC5529057 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond resolution electron scattering techniques are applied to resolve the first atomic-scale steps following absorption of a photon in the prototypical hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead iodide. Following above-gap photoexcitation, we directly resolve the transfer of energy from hot carriers to the lattice by recording changes in the mean square atomic displacements on 10-ps time scales. Measurements of the time-dependent pair distribution function show an unexpected broadening of the iodine-iodine correlation function while preserving the Pb-I distance. This indicates the formation of a rotationally disordered halide octahedral structure developing on picosecond time scales. This work shows the important role of light-induced structural deformations within the inorganic sublattice in elucidating the unique optoelectronic functionality exhibited by hybrid perovskites and provides new understanding of hot carrier-lattice interactions, which fundamentally determine solar cell efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Wu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Liang Z. Tan
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6323, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Te Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M. Tuan Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Renkai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Shi Liu
- Extreme Materials Initiative, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - David A. Egger
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Igor Makasyuk
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Qiang Zheng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alan Fry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6323, USA
| | - Aaron M. Lindenberg
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Corresponding author.
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39
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Chen M, Shan X, Geske T, Li J, Yu Z. Manipulating Ion Migration for Highly Stable Light-Emitting Diodes with Single-Crystalline Organometal Halide Perovskite Microplatelets. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6312-6318. [PMID: 28514138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ion migration has been commonly observed as a detrimental phenomenon in organometal halide perovskite semiconductors, causing the measurement hysteresis in solar cells and ultrashort operation lifetimes in light-emitting diodes. In this work, ion migration is utilized for the formation of a p-i-n junction at ambient temperature in single-crystalline organometal halide perovskites. The junction is subsequently stabilized by quenching the ionic movement at a low temperature. Such a strategy of manipulating the ion migration has led to efficient single-crystalline light-emitting diodes that emit 2.3 eV photons starting at 1.8 V and sustain a continuous operation for 54 h at ∼5000 cd m-2 without degradation of brightness. In addition, a whispering-gallery-mode cavity and exciton-exciton interaction in the perovskite microplatelets have both been observed that can be potentially useful for achieving electrically driven laser diodes based on single-crystalline organometal halide perovskite semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Thomas Geske
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Junqiang Li
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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40
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Whalley LD, Frost JM, Jung YK, Walsh A. Perspective: Theory and simulation of hybrid halide perovskites. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:220901. [PMID: 29166078 PMCID: PMC5464957 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites present a number of challenges for first-principles atomistic materials modeling. Such "plastic crystals" feature dynamic processes across multiple length and time scales. These include the following: (i) transport of slow ions and fast electrons; (ii) highly anharmonic lattice dynamics with short phonon lifetimes; (iii) local symmetry breaking of the average crystallographic space group; (iv) strong relativistic (spin-orbit coupling) effects on the electronic band structure; and (v) thermodynamic metastability and rapid chemical breakdown. These issues, which affect the operation of solar cells, are outlined in this perspective. We also discuss general guidelines for performing quantitative and predictive simulations of these materials, which are relevant to metal-organic frameworks and other hybrid semiconducting, dielectric and ferroelectric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy D Whalley
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jarvist M Frost
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Young-Kwang Jung
- Global EInstitute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Li C, Guerrero A, Zhong Y, Huettner S. Origins and mechanisms of hysteresis in organometal halide perovskites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:193001. [PMID: 28229957 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa626d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic-organic halide organometal perovskites, such as CH3NH3PbI3 and CsPbI3, etc, have been an unprecedented rising star in the field of photovoltaics since 2009, owing to their exceptionally high power conversion efficiency and simple fabrication processability. Despite its relatively short history of development, intensive investigations have been concentrating on this material; these have ranged from crystal structure analysis and photophysical characterization to performance optimization and device integration, etc. Yet, when applied in photovoltaic devices, this material suffers from hysteresis, that is, the difference of the current-voltage (I-V) curve during sweeping in two directions (from short-circuit towards open-circuit and vice versa). This behavior may significantly impede its large-scale commercial application. This Review will focus on the recent theoretical and experimental efforts to reveal the origin and mechanism of hysteresis. The proposed origins include (1) ferroelectric polarization, (2) charge trapping/detrapping, and (3) ion migration. Among them, recent evidence consistently supports the idea that ion migration plays a key role for the hysteretic behavior in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Hence, this Review will summarize the recent results on ion migration such as the migrating ion species, activation energy measurement, capacitive characterization, and internal electrical field modulation, etc. In addition, this Review will also present the devices with alleviation/elimination of hysteresis by incorporating either large-size grains or phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester molecules. In a different application, the hysteretic property has been utilized in photovoltaic and memristive switching devices. In sum, by examining these three possible mechanisms, it is concluded that the origin of hysteresis in PSCs is associated with a combination of effects, but mainly limited by ion/defect migration. This strong interaction between ion motion and free charge carrier transport can be modulated by the prevalent crystalline structure, chemical passivation, and an external photo/electrical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Organic and Hybrid Electronics Group, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Zhao YC, Zhou WK, Zhou X, Liu KH, Yu DP, Zhao Q. Quantification of light-enhanced ionic transport in lead iodide perovskite thin films and its solar cell applications. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16243. [PMID: 30167249 PMCID: PMC6062189 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic transport in organometal halide perovskites is of vital importance because it dominates anomalous phenomena in perovskite solar cells, from hysteresis to switchable photovoltaic effects. However, excited state ionic transport under illumination has remained elusive, although it is essential for understanding the unusual light-induced effects (light-induced self-poling, photo-induced halide segregation and slow photoconductivity response) in organometal halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications. Here, we quantitatively demonstrate light-enhanced ionic transport in CH3NH3PbI3 over a wide temperature range of 17-295 K, which reveals a reduction in ionic transport activation energy by approximately a factor of five (from 0.82 to 0.15 eV) under illumination. The pure ionic conductance is obtained by separating it from the electronic contribution in cryogenic galvanostatic and voltage-current measurements. On the basis of these findings, we design a novel light-assisted method of catalyzing ionic interdiffusion between CH3NH3I and PbI2 stacking layers in sequential deposition perovskite synthesis. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate a significant reduction of PbI2 residue in the optimized CH3NH3PbI3 thin film produced via light-assisted sequential deposition, and the resulting solar cell efficiency is increased by over 100% (7.5%-15.7%) with little PbI2 residue. This new method enables fine control of the reaction depth in perovskite synthesis and, in turn, supports light-enhanced ionic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Da-Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
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Koh TM, Thirumal K, Soo HS, Mathews N. Multidimensional Perovskites: A Mixed Cation Approach Towards Ambient Stable and Tunable Perovskite Photovoltaics. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2541-2558. [PMID: 27629519 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although halide perovskites are able to deliver high power conversion efficiencies, their ambient stability still remains an obstacle for commercialization. Thus, promoting the ambient stability of perovskites has become a key research focus. In this review, we highlight the sources of instability in conventional 3 D perovskites, including water intercalation, ion migration, and thermal decomposition. Recently, the multidimensional perovskites approach has become one of the most promising strategies to enhance the stability of perovskites. As compared to pure 2 D perovskites, multidimensional perovskites typically possess more ideal band gaps, better charge transport, and lower exciton binding energy, which are essential for photovoltaic applications. The larger organic cations in multidimensional perovskites could also be more chemically stable at higher temperatures than the commonly used methylammonium cation. By combining 3 D and 2 D perovskites to form multidimensional perovskites, halide perovskite photovoltaics can attain both high efficiency and increased stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute at, Nanyang Technological University (ERIAN), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Krishnamoorthy Thirumal
- Energy Research Institute at, Nanyang Technological University (ERIAN), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Han Sen Soo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute at, Nanyang Technological University (ERIAN), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Fabini DH, Labram JG, Lehner AJ, Bechtel JS, Evans HA, Van der Ven A, Wudl F, Chabinyc ML, Seshadri R. Main-Group Halide Semiconductors Derived from Perovskite: Distinguishing Chemical, Structural, and Electronic Aspects. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:11-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna J. Lehner
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoffmechanik, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Gong J, Yang M, Ma X, Schaller RD, Liu G, Kong L, Yang Y, Beard MC, Lesslie M, Dai Y, Huang B, Zhu K, Xu T. Electron-Rotor Interaction in Organic-Inorganic Lead Iodide Perovskites Discovered by Isotope Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2879-87. [PMID: 27396858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the carrier-rotor coupling effect in perovskite organic-inorganic hybrid lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) compounds discovered by isotope effects. Deuterated organic-inorganic perovskite compounds including CH3ND3PbI3, CD3NH3PbI3, and CD3ND3PbI3 were synthesized. Devices made from regular CH3NH3PbI3 and deuterated CH3ND3PbI3 exhibit comparable performance in band gap, current-voltage, carrier mobility, and power conversion efficiency. However, a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) study reveals that CH3NH3PbI3 exhibits notably longer carrier lifetime than that of CH3ND3PbI3, in both thin-film and single-crystal formats. Furthermore, the comparison in carrier lifetime between CD3NH3PbI3 and CH3ND3PbI3 single crystals suggests that vibrational modes in methylammonium (MA(+)) have little impact on carrier lifetime. In contrast, the fully deuterated compound CD3ND3PbI3 reconfirmed the trend of decreasing carrier lifetime upon the increasing moment of inertia of cationic MA(+). Polaron model elucidates the electron-rotor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Mengjin Yang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xiangchao Ma
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingping Kong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Michael Lesslie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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Yi HT, Wu X, Zhu X, Podzorov V. Intrinsic Charge Transport across Phase Transitions in Hybrid Organo-Inorganic Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6509-6514. [PMID: 27185304 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hall effect measurements in CH3 NH3 PbBr3 single crystals reveal that the charge-carrier mobility follows an inverse-temperature power-law dependence, μ ∝ T(-) (γ) , with the power exponent γ = 1.4 ± 0.1 in the cubic phase, indicating an acoustic-phonon-dominated carrier scattering, and γ = 0.5 ± 0.1 in the tetragonal phase, suggesting another dominant mechanism, such as a piezoelectric or space-charge scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Taek Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Vitaly Podzorov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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Delugas P, Caddeo C, Filippetti A, Mattoni A. Thermally Activated Point Defect Diffusion in Methylammonium Lead Trihalide: Anisotropic and Ultrahigh Mobility of Iodine. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2356-61. [PMID: 27237630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the diffusion of point defects in crystalline methylammonium lead halide (MAPI) at finite temperatures by using all-atoms molecular dynamics. We find that, for what concerns intrinsic defects, iodine diffusion is by far the dominant mechanism of ionic transport in MAPI, with diffusivities as high as 7.4 × 10(-7) and 4.3 × 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1) at 300 K and single activation energies of 0.24 and 0.10 eV, for interstitials and vacancies, respectively. The comparison with common covalent and oxide crystals reveals the ultrahigh mobility of defects in MAPI. Though at room temperature the vacancies are about 1 order of magnitude more diffusive, the anisotropic interstitial dynamics increases more rapidly with temperature, and it can be dominant at high temperatures. Present results are fully consistent with the involvement of iodide ions in hysteresis and have implications for improvement of the material quality by better control of defect diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Delugas
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, CNR-IOM SLACS Cagliari , 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - C Caddeo
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, CNR-IOM SLACS Cagliari , 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - A Filippetti
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, CNR-IOM SLACS Cagliari , 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - A Mattoni
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, CNR-IOM SLACS Cagliari , 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Zuo C, Bolink HJ, Han H, Huang J, Cahen D, Ding L. Advances in Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500324. [PMID: 27812475 PMCID: PMC5066666 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organolead halide perovskite materials possess a combination of remarkable optoelectronic properties, such as steep optical absorption edge and high absorption coefficients, long charge carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes. Taken together with the ability for low temperature preparation, also from solution, perovskite-based devices, especially photovoltaic (PV) cells have been studied intensively, with remarkable progress in performance, over the past few years. The combination of high efficiency, low cost and additional (non-PV) applications provides great potential for commercialization. Performance and applications of perovskite solar cells often correlate with their device structures. Many innovative device structures were developed, aiming at large-scale fabrication, reducing fabrication cost, enhancing the power conversion efficiency and thus broadening potential future applications. This review summarizes typical structures of perovskite solar cells and comments on novel device structures. The applications of perovskite solar cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuantian Zuo
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular Universidad de Valencia Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - Hongwei Han
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Liming Ding
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P.R. China
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50
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Stoumpos CC, Kanatzidis MG. Halide Perovskites: Poor Man's High-Performance Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5778-93. [PMID: 27174223 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are a rapidly developing class of medium-bandgap semiconductors which, to date, have been popularized on account of their remarkable success in solid-state heterojunction solar cells raising the photovoltaic efficiency to 20% within the last 5 years. As the physical properties of the materials are being explored, it is becoming apparent that the photovoltaic performance of the halide perovskites is just but one aspect of the wealth of opportunities that these compounds offer as high-performance semiconductors. From unique optical and electrical properties stemming from their characteristic electronic structure to highly efficient real-life technological applications, halide perovskites constitute a brand new class of materials with exotic properties awaiting discovery. The nature of halide perovskites from the materials' viewpoint is discussed here, enlisting the most important classes of the compounds and describing their most exciting properties. The topics covered focus on the optical and electrical properties highlighting some of the milestone achievements reported to date but also addressing controversies in the vastly expanding halide perovskite literature.
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