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Gilhula JC, Xu L, White FD, Adelman SL, Aldrich KE, Batista ER, Dan D, Jones ZR, Kozimor SA, Mason HE, Meyer RL, Thiele NA, Yang P, Yuan M. Advances in heavy alkaline earth chemistry provide insight into complexation of weakly polarizing Ra 2+, Ba 2+, and Sr 2+ cations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8765. [PMID: 38181087 PMCID: PMC10776001 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Numerous technologies-with catalytic, therapeutic, and diagnostic applications-would benefit from improved chelation strategies for heavy alkaline earth elements: Ra2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+. Unfortunately, chelating these metals is challenging because of their large size and weak polarizing power. We found 18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid (H4COCO) bound Ra2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+ to form M(HxCOCO)x-2. Upon isolating radioactive 223Ra from its parent radionuclides (227Ac and 227Th), 223Ra2+ reacted with the fully deprotonated COCO4- chelator to generate Ra(COCO)2-(aq) (log KRa(COCO)2- = 5.97 ± 0.01), a rare example of a molecular radium complex. Comparative analyses with Sr2+ and Ba2+ congeners informed on what attributes engendered success in heavy alkaline earth complexation. Chelators with high negative charge [-4 for Ra(COCO)2-(aq)] and many donor atoms [≥11 in Ra(COCO)2-(aq)] provided a framework for stable complex formation. These conditions achieved steric saturation and overcame the weak polarization powers associated with these large dicationic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Xu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
| | | | | | | | | | - David Dan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
| | | | | | | | - Rachel L. Meyer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 (USA)
| | - Nikki A. Thiele
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)
| | - Ping Yang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (USA)
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2
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Evans MJ, Jones C. Synthesis and Reactivity of Alkali Metal Hydrido-Magnesiate Complexes which Exhibit Group 1 Metal Counter-Cation Specific Stability. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14393-14401. [PMID: 37602922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of the series of alkali metal amides M(HMDS) (M = Li-Cs; HMDS = [N(SiMe3)2]-) with the neutral magnesium(II) hydride compound [Mg(BDIDipp)(μ-H)]2 (BDIDipp = [CH{C(Me)NDipp}2], Dipp = 2,6-iPr2-C6H3) have been carried out. When M = Li or Na, the reactions yielded Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS) and MH as the primary products. In the sodium amide reaction, [Na2(HMDS)][{Mg(BDIDipp)}2(H)3] was obtained as a low-yield by-product. When M = K-Cs, the reactions gave the group 1 metal hydrido-magnesiates, M2[Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS)(H)]2·(benzene)n (n = 0 or 1), the thermal stability of which increases with the increasing molecular weight of the alkali metal involved. Reactions of Cs2[Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS)(H)]2·(benzene) with 18-crown-6 and CO gave the first monomeric alkali metal hydrido-magnesiate [Cs(18-crown-6)][Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS)(H)] and the ethenediolate complex Cs2[{Mg(BDIDipp)(HMDS)}2(μ-C2H2O2)], respectively. The new synthetic route to alkali metal hydrido-magnesiates described herein may facilitate further reactivity studies of this rare compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Evans
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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3
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Liang Y, Luo J, Diskin-Posner Y, Milstein D. Designing New Magnesium Pincer Complexes for Catalytic Hydrogenation of Imines and N-Heteroarenes: H 2 and N-H Activation by Metal-Ligand Cooperation as Key Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9164-9175. [PMID: 37068165 PMCID: PMC10141328 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of main-group metals as alternatives to transition metals in homogeneous catalysis has become a hot research area in recent years. However, their application in catalytic hydrogenation is less common due to the difficulty in heterolytic cleavage of the H-H bond. Employing aromatization/de-aromatization metal-ligand cooperation (MLC) highly enhances the H2 activation process, offering an efficient approach for the hydrogenation of unsaturated molecules catalyzed by main-group metals. Herein, we report a series of new magnesium pincer complexes prepared using PNNH-type pincer ligands. The complexes were characterized by NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Reversible activation of H2 and N-H bonds by MLC employing these pincer complexes was developed. Using the new magnesium complexes, homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of aldimines and ketimines was achieved, affording secondary amines in excellent yields. Control experiments and DFT studies reveal that a pathway involving MLC is favorable for the hydrogenation reactions. Moreover, the efficient catalysis was extended to the selective hydrogenation of quinolines and other N-heteroarenes, presenting the first example of hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes homogeneously catalyzed by early main-group metal complexes. This study provides a new strategy for hydrogenation of C═N bonds catalyzed by magnesium compounds and enriches the research of main-group metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Liang
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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4
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Karmakar H, Kumar R, Sharma J, Bag J, Pal K, Panda TK, Chandrasekhar V. N^N vs. N^E (E = S or Se) coordination behavior of imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands towards aluminum alkyls: efficient hydroboration catalysis of nitriles, alkynes, and alkenes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4481-4493. [PMID: 36919767 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application of six aluminum alkyl complexes supported by various imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands are described. Six different unsymmetrical imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands [NHIRP(Ph)(E)NH-Dipp] [R = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dipp), E = S (2a-H), Se (2b-H); R = mesityl (Mes), E = S (3a-H), Se (3b-H); R = tert-butyl (tBu), E = S (4a-H), Se (4b-H)] were prepared by the oxidation of respective imino-phosphanamide ligands (1a, 1b and 1c) with elemental chalcogen atoms (S and Se). The aluminum complexes with imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands with the general formulae [κ2NN-{NHIRP(Ph)(E)N-Dipp}AlMe2] [R = Dipp, E = S (5a), Se (5b); R = Mes, E = S (6a), Se (6b)] or [κ2NE-{NHIRP(Ph)(E)N-Dipp}AlMe2] [R = tBu, E = S (7a), Se (7b)] were synthesized in good yields from the reaction of the suitable protic ligands (2a,b-H-4a,b-H) and trimethylaluminum in a 1 : 1 molar ratio in toluene at room temperature. All the protic ligands and aluminum complexes were well characterized by multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy, and the solid-state structures of 2a,b-H-4a,b-H, 5a,b-6a,b and 7b are established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The aluminum complexes 5a,b-7a,b were tested as catalysts for the hydroboration of nitriles, alkynes, and alkenes under mild conditions. The catalytic hydroboration reactions of nitriles, alkynes, and alkenes were accomplished with complex 5b at a mild temperature under solvent-free conditions to afford a high yield of the corresponding N,N-diborylamines, vinylboranes and alkyl boronate esters, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Jayanta Bag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, 500107, Hyderabad, India. .,Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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5
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The crystal structure of 4–(4,4,5,5–tetramethyl–1,3,2–dioxaborolan–2–yl)morpholine, C 10H 20BNO 3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
C10H20BNO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.0681(8) Å, b = 6.1883(3) Å, c = 18.1603(13) Å, β = 105.111(6)°, V = 1200.84(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0338, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0861, T = 153 K.
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6
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Li T, Liu R, Liu X, Chen Y. Organocalcium-Complex-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation and Mono/Dihydrosilylation Tandem Reactions of Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:761-765. [PMID: 36700929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In principle, catalytic dehydrogenative silylation and mono/dihydrosilylation tandem reactions of terminal alkynes with hydrosilanes provide gem-disilylated alkenes or gem-trisilylated alkanes, but very little progress has been made. Herein, we report organocalcium-complex-catalyzed dehydrogenative silylation and mono/dihydrosilylation tandem reactions of terminal alkynes with hydrosilanes in one pot, which produce gem-disilylated alkenes in moderate yields and gem-trisilylated alkanes in high yields. We also briefly demonstrate that the synthesized gem-disilylated alkenes can be easily transformed into other organosilanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
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7
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Wirtz L, Ghulam KY, Morgenstern B, Schäfer A. Constrained Geometry
ansa
‐Half‐Sandwich Complexes of Magnesium – Versatile
s
‐Block Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wirtz
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Kinza Yasmin Ghulam
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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8
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Liang Y, Das UK, Luo J, Diskin-Posner Y, Avram L, Milstein D. Magnesium Pincer Complexes and Their Applications in Catalytic Semihydrogenation of Alkynes and Hydrogenation of Alkenes: Evidence for Metal-Ligand Cooperation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19115-19126. [PMID: 36194894 PMCID: PMC9585592 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of catalysts for environmentally benign organic transformations is a very active area of research. Most of the catalysts reported so far are based on transition-metal complexes. In recent years, examples of catalysis by main-group metal compounds have been reported. Herein, we report a series of magnesium pincer complexes, which were characterized by NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Reversible activation of H2 via aromatization/dearomatization metal-ligand cooperation was studied. Utilizing the obtained complexes, the unprecedented homogeneous main-group metal catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes and hydrogenation of alkenes were demonstrated under base-free conditions, affording Z-alkenes and alkanes as products, respectively, with excellent yields and selectivities. Control experiments and DFT studies reveal the involvement of metal-ligand cooperation in the hydrogenation reactions. This study not only provides a new approach for the semihydrogenation of alkynes and hydrogenation of alkenes catalyzed by magnesium but also offers opportunities for the hydrogenation of other compounds catalyzed by main-group metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Liang
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Uttam Kumar Das
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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9
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Shi Y, Wang Y, Huang Z, Zhang F, Shao Y. t BuOLi-Promoted Hydroboration of Esters and Epoxides. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18876-18886. [PMID: 35694491 PMCID: PMC9178618 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available and inexpensive lithium tert-butoxide ( t BuOLi) acts as a good precatalyst for the hydroboration of esters, lactones, and epoxides using pinacolborane as a borylation agent. Functional groups such as cyano-, nitro-, amino-, vinyl, and alkynyl are unaffected under the presented hydroboration process, representing high chemoselectivity. This transformation has also been effectively applied to the synthesis of key intermediates of Erlotinib and Cinacalcet. Preliminary investigations of the mechanism show that the hydroboration proceeds through the in situ formed BH3 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Shi
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhefan Huang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fangjun Zhang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical
University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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10
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Sarkar N, Kumar Sahoo R, Ganesh Patro A, Nembenna S. Aluminum-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Carbonyls and Dehydrocoupling of Alcohols, Phenols, Amines, Thiol, Selenol, Silanols with HBpin. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Chapple P, Roisnel T, Cordier M, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y. Heteroleptic Carbazolato-Barium Hydroborates and a Related Separated Ion Pair. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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13
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Liu R, Liu X, Cheng T, Chen Y. Organocalcium Complex‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Hydrosilanes with Terminal Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanghai Normal University 100 Guilin Road Shanghai 200234 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Tanyu Cheng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanghai Normal University 100 Guilin Road Shanghai 200234 P.R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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14
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Horsley Downie TM, Charman RSC, Hall JW, Mahon MF, Lowe JP, Liptrot DJ. A stable ring-expanded NHC-supported copper boryl and its reactivity towards heterocumulenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16336-16342. [PMID: 34734620 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of bis(pinacolato)diboron with (6-Dipp)CuOtBu generates a ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbene supported copper(I) boryl, (6-Dipp)CuBpin. This compound showed remarkable stability and was characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. (6-Dipp)CuBpin readily dechalcogenated a range of heterocumulenes such as CO2, isocyanates and isothiocyanates to yield (6-Dipp)CuXBpin (X = O, S). In the case of CO2 catalytic reduction to CO is viable in the presence of excess bis(pinacolato)diboron. In contrast, in the case of iso(thio)cyanates, the isocyanide byproduct of dechalcogenation reacted with (6-Dipp)CuBpin to generate a copper(I) borylimidinate, (6-Dipp)CuC(NR)Bpin, which went on to react with heterocumulenes. This off-cycle reactivity gives selective access to a range of novel boron-containing heterocycles bonded to copper, but precludes catalytic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rex S C Charman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath. Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Jonathan W Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath. Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath. Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - John P Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath. Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - David J Liptrot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath. Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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15
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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16
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Maji S, Das A, Mandal SK. Mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefin catalysed reductive functionalization of CO 2 for consecutive N-methylation of amines. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12174-12180. [PMID: 34667583 PMCID: PMC8457391 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02819g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefin (mNHO) was introduced as a metal-free catalyst for the reductive functionalization of CO2 leading to consecutive double N-methylation of primary amines in the presence of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN). A wide range of secondary amines and primary amines were successfully methylated under mild conditions. The catalyst sustained over six successive cycles of N-methylation of secondary amines without compromising its activity, which encouraged us to check its efficacy towards double N-methylation of primary amines. Moreover, this method was utilized for the synthesis of two commercially available drug molecules. A detailed mechanistic cycle was proposed by performing a series of control reactions along with the successful characterisation of active catalytic intermediates either by single-crystal X-ray study or by NMR spectroscopic studies in association with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
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17
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Li J, Ma X, Peng Y, He X, Du Z, Yang Z. Solubility of mono-alkyl magnesium complex in pure and binary solvents: Measurement, correlation, thermodynamics from 268.15 K to 318.15 K. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Kaufmann S, Roesky PW. Investigating a Redox Active Samarium Complex in Catalytic Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kaufmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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19
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Le Coz E, Hammoud J, Roisnel T, Cordier M, Dorcet V, Kahlal S, Carpentier JF, Saillard JY, Sarazin Y. Bonding in Barium Boryloxides, Siloxides, Phenoxides and Silazides: A Comparison with the Lighter Alkaline Earths. Chemistry 2021; 27:11966-11982. [PMID: 34121256 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Barium complexes ligated by bulky boryloxides [OBR2 ]- (where R=CH(SiMe3 )2 , 2,4,6-i Pr3 -C6 H2 or 2,4,6-(CF3 )3 -C6 H2 ), siloxide [OSi(SiMe3 )3 ]- , and/or phenoxide [O-2,6-Ph2 -C6 H3 ]- , have been prepared. A diversity of coordination patterns is observed in the solid state for both homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes, with coordination numbers ranging between 2 and 4. The identity of the bridging ligand in heteroleptic dimers [Ba(μ2 -X1 )(X2 )]2 depends largely on the given pair of ligands X1 and X2 . Experimentally, the propensity to fill the bridging position increases according to [OB{CH(SiMe3 )2 }2 )]- <[N(SiMe3 )2 ]- <[OSi(SiMe3 )3 ]- <[O(2,6-Ph2 -C6 H3 )]- <[OB(2,4,6-i Pr3 -C6 H2 )2 ]- . This trend is the overall expression of 3 properties: steric constraints, electronic density and σ- and π-donating capability of the negatively charged atom, and ability to generate Ba ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ F, Ba ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ C(π) or Ba ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ H-C secondary interactions. The comparison of the structural motifs in the complexes [Ae{μ2 -N(SiMe3 )2 }(OB{CH(SiMe3 )2 }2 )]2 (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) suggest that these observations may be extended to all alkaline earths. DFT calculations highlight the largely prevailing ionic character of ligand-Ae bonding in all compounds. The ionic character of the Ae-ligand bond encourages bridging coordination, whereas the number of bridging ligands is controlled by steric factors. DFT computations also indicate that in [Ba(μ2 -X1 )(X2 )]2 heteroleptic dimers, ligand predilection for bridging vs. terminal positions is dictated by the ability to establish secondary interactions between the metals and the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Le Coz
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Joanna Hammoud
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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Li T, McCabe KN, Maron L, Leng X, Chen Y. Organocalcium Complex-Catalyzed Selective Redistribution of ArSiH3 or Ar(alkyl)SiH2 to Ar3SiH or Ar2(alkyl)SiH. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Karl N. McCabe
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Shere H, Hill MS, Pécharman AF, Mahon MF. Reactivity of a magnesium diboranate with organic nitriles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1283-1292. [PMID: 33393542 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of complexes generated through reactions of the β-diketiminato magnesium diboranate species, [(BDI)Mg{(n-Bu)pinB-Bpin}] (BDI = HC{(Me)CNDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl), and a variety of organic nitriles are reported. Although, in every case, the diboranate anion acts as a surrogate source of the {Bpin} nucleophile, resulting in B-C bond formation at the electrophilic sp-hydridised nitrile carbon, the resultant compounds display a variable propensity to undergo subsequent reaction with additional nitrile equivalents. This behaviour is rationalised to be a consequence of substituent-dependent modulation in the basicity and resultant electrophilicity of magnesium-coordinated nitrile intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Shere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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22
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Okokhere-Edeghoghon B, Dehmel M, Hill MS, Kretschmer R, Mahon MF, McMullin CL, Morris LJ, Rajabi NA. Nucleophilic Magnesium Silanide and Silaamidinate Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13679-13689. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian Dehmel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Louis J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Nasir A. Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Wirtz L, Haider W, Huch V, Zimmer M, Schäfer A. Magnesocenophane-Catalyzed Amine Borane Dehydrocoupling. Chemistry 2020; 26:6176-6184. [PMID: 32052880 PMCID: PMC7318289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acidities of a series of [n]magnesocenophanes (1 a–d) have been investigated computationally and found to be a function of the tilt of the cyclopentadienyl moieties. Their catalytic abilities in amine borane dehydrogenation/dehydrocoupling reactions have been probed, and C[1]magnesocenophane (1 a) has been shown to effectively catalyze the dehydrogenation/dehydrocoupling of dimethylamine borane (2 a) and diisopropylamine borane (2 b) under ambient conditions. Furthermore, the mechanism of the reaction with 2 a has been investigated experimentally and computationally, and the results imply a ligand‐assisted mechanism involving stepwise proton and hydride transfer, with dimethylaminoborane as the key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wirtz
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Wasim Haider
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Chapple PM, Kahlal S, Cartron J, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Cordier M, Saillard J, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Bis(imino)carbazolate: A Master Key for Barium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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25
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Chapple PM, Kahlal S, Cartron J, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Cordier M, Saillard J, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Bis(imino)carbazolate: A Master Key for Barium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9120-9126. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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26
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Le Coz E, Zhang Z, Roisnel T, Cavallo L, Falivene L, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Barium‐Catalysed Dehydrocoupling of Hydrosilanes and Borinic Acids: A Mechanistic Insight. Chemistry 2020; 26:3535-3544. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Le Coz
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)–UMR 6226Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKaust Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)–UMR 6226Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKaust Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKaust Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yann Sarazin
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)–UMR 6226Univ Rennes 35000 Rennes France
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27
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Birepinte M, Liautard V, Chabaud L, Pucheault M. Magnesium‐Catalyzed Tandem Dehydrogenation‐Dehydrocoupling: An Atom Economical Access to Alkynylboranes. Chemistry 2020; 26:3236-3240. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Birepinte
- Institute of Molecular ScienceCNRS, Université de Bordeaux 351 Cours de la libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Virginie Liautard
- Institute of Molecular ScienceCNRS, Université de Bordeaux 351 Cours de la libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Institute of Molecular ScienceCNRS, Université de Bordeaux 351 Cours de la libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Institute of Molecular ScienceCNRS, Université de Bordeaux 351 Cours de la libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
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28
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Morris LJ, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Manners I, S McMenamy F, Whittell GR. Heavier Alkaline-Earth Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Silanes and Alcohols for the Synthesis of Metallo-Polysilylethers. Chemistry 2020; 26:2954-2966. [PMID: 31899846 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dehydrocoupling of silanes and alcohols mediated by heavier alkaline-earth catalysts, [Ae{N(SiMe3 )2 }2 ⋅(THF)2 ] (I-III) and [Ae{CH(SiMe3 )2 }2 ⋅(THF)2 ], (IV-VI) (Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) is described. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols were coupled to phenylsilane or diphenylsilane, whereas tertiary silanes are less tolerant towards bulky substrates. Some control over reaction selectivity towards mono-, di-, or tri-substituted silylether products was achieved through alteration of reaction stoichiometry, conditions, and catalyst. The ferrocenyl silylether, FeCp(C5 H4 SiPh(OBn)2 ) (2), was prepared and fully characterized from the ferrocenylsilane, FeCp(C5 H4 SiPhH2 ) (1), and benzyl alcohol using barium catalysis. Stoichiometric experiments suggested a reaction manifold involving the formation of Ae-alkoxide and hydride species, and a series of dimeric Ae-alkoxides [(Ph3 CO)Ae(μ2 -OCPh3 )Ae(THF)] (3 a-c, Ae=Ca, Sr, Ba) were isolated and fully characterized. Mechanistic experiments suggested a complex reaction mechanism involving dimeric or polynuclear active species, whose kinetics are highly dependent on variables such as the identity and concentration of the precatalyst, silane, and alcohol. Turnover frequencies increase on descending Group 2 of the periodic table, with the barium precatalyst III displaying an apparent first-order dependence in both silane and alcohol, and an optimum catalyst loading of 3 mol % Ba, above which activity decreases. With precatalyst III in THF, ferrocene-containing poly- and oligosilylethers with ferrocene pendent to- (P1-P4) or as a constituent (P5, P6) of the main polymer chain were prepared from 1 or Fe(C5 H4 SiPhH2 )2 (4) with diols 1,4-(HOCH2 )2 -(C6 H4 ) and 1,4-(CH(CH3 )OH)2 -(C6 H4 ), respectively. The resultant materials were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, with estimated molecular weights in excess of 20,000 Da for P1 and P4. The iron centers display reversible redox behavior and thermal analysis showed P1 and P5 to be promising precursors to magnetic ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Fred S McMenamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - George R Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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29
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Li Y, Chen H, Qu L, Bai R, Lan Y. Geometry, stability and aromaticity of β-diketiminate-coordinated alkaline-earth compounds. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Pécharman AF, Hill MS, McMullon G, McMullin CL, Mahon MF. Snapshots of magnesium-centred diborane heterolysis by an outer sphere S N2 process. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6672-6682. [PMID: 31367321 PMCID: PMC6624991 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02087j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactions of a magnesium diboranate as a source of [Bpin]– anions are initiated by ‘outer sphere’ attack of C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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N bonded substrates.
Reactions of the β-diketiminato magnesium diboranate derivative, [(BDI)Mg{pinB(n-Bu)Bpin}] (BDI = HC{(Me)CNDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3), with N,N′-dialkyl and N,N′-diaryl carbodiimides provided the corresponding C-borylated magnesium borylamidinates. This reactivity occurs with the displacement of n-BuBpin and with the apparent addition of a nucleophilic {Bpin} anion to the electrophilic unsaturated carbodiimide carbon centres. In contrast, while analogous reactions of [(BDI)Mg{pinB(n-Bu)Bpin}] with N-alkyl or N-aryl aldimines and ketimines also resulted in facile displacement of n-BuBpin, they provided the organomagnesium products of {Bpin} addition to the imine nitrogen atom rather than the more electrophilic trigonal imine carbon. Computational assessment by density functional theory (DFT) indicated that, although the energetic differences are marginal, the organomagnesium products may be considered as the kinetic outcome of these reactions with respect to the generation of alternative amidomagnesium regioisomers. This latter deduction was borne out by the thermally-induced conversion of two such organomagnesium species to their C-borylated amidomagnesium isomers, both of which occur with negligible entropies of activation indicative of purely intramolecular processes. Detailed analysis by DFT of the reaction of [(BDI)Mg{pinB(n-Bu)Bpin}] with PhN
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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CHPh indicated that B–N bond formation is initiated by attack of the imine nitrogen at the three-coordinate boron atom of the diboranate anion rather than the more crowded magnesium centre. Consistent with an effectively spontaneous reaction, the resultant cleavage of the B–B bond of the diboranate unit is accomplished via the traversal of two very modest barriers of only 8.3 and 6.7 kcal mol–1. This analysis was also supportive of a subsequent intramolecular B–N to B–C isomerisation process. Of greater general significance, however, the addition of the {Bpin}– anion to the reducible aldimine is best rationalised as a consequence of the electrophilic character of this three-coordinate boron centre rather than any intrinsic nucleophilicity associated with the B–B bond of the [pinBB(n-Bu)pin]– anion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK . ;
| | - Grace McMullon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK . ;
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK . ;
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK . ;
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Fairley M, Davin L, Hernán-Gómez A, García-Álvarez J, O'Hara CT, Hevia E. s-Block cooperative catalysis: alkali metal magnesiate-catalysed cyclisation of alkynols. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5821-5831. [PMID: 31293771 PMCID: PMC6568277 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Through mixed metal cooperativity, alkali metal magnesiates efficiently catalyse the cyclisation of alkynols.
Mixed s-block metal organometallic reagents have been successfully utilised in the catalytic intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of alkynols. This success has been attributed to the unique manner in which these reagents can overcome the challenges of the reaction: namely OH activation and coordination to and then addition across a C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C bond. In order to optimise the reaction conditions and to garner vital catalytic system requirements, a series of alkali metal magnesiates were enlisted for the catalytic intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of 4-pentynol. In a prelude to the main investigation, the homometallic magnesium dialkyl reagent MgR2 (where R = CH2SiMe3) was utilised. This reagent was unsuccessful in cyclising the alcohol into 2-methylenetetrahydrofuran 2a or 5-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran 2b, even in the presence of multidentate Lewis donor molecules such as N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA). Alkali metal magnesiates MIMgR3 (when MI = Li, Na or K) performed the cyclisation unsatisfactorily both in the absence/presence of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) or PMDETA. When higher-order magnesiates (i.e., MI2MgR4) were employed, in general a marked increase in yield was observed for MI = Na or K; however, the reactions were still sluggish with long reaction times (22–36 h). A major improvement in the catalytic activity of the magnesiates was observed when the crown ether molecule 15-crown-5 was combined with sodium magnesiate Na2MgR4(TMEDA)2 furnishing yields of 87% with 2a : 2b ratios of 95 : 5 after 5 h. Similar high yields of 88% with 2a : 2b ratios of 90 : 10 after 3 h were obtained combining 18-crown-6 with potassium magnesiate K2MgR4(PMDETA)2. Having optimised these systems, substrate scope was examined to probe the range and robustness of 18-crown-6/K2MgR4(PMDETA)2 as a catalyst. A wide series of alkynols, including terminal and internal alkynes which contain a variety of potentially reactive functional groups, were cyclised. In comparison to previously reported monometallic systems, bimetallic 18-crown-6/K2MgR4(PMDETA)2 displays enhanced reactivity towards internal alkynol-cyclisation. Kinetic studies revealed an inhibition effect of substrate on the catalysts via adduct formation and requiring dissociation prior to the rate limiting cyclisation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fairley
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Laia Davin
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad de Oviedo , E-33071 Oviedo , Spain
| | - Charles T O'Hara
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
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Ried ACA, Taylor LJ, Geer AM, Williams HEL, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kays DL. A Highly Active Bidentate Magnesium Catalyst for Amine-Borane Dehydrocoupling: Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies. Chemistry 2019; 25:6840-6846. [PMID: 30875128 PMCID: PMC6563444 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A magnesium complex (1) featuring a bidentate aminopyridinato ligand is a remarkably selective catalyst for the dehydrocoupling of amine-boranes. This reaction proceeds to completion with low catalyst loadings (1 mol %) under mild conditions (60 °C), exceeding previously reported s-block systems in terms of selectivity, rate, and turnover number (TON). Mechanistic studies by in situ NMR analysis reveals the reaction to be first order in both catalyst and substrate. A reaction mechanism is proposed to account for these findings, with the high TON of the catalyst attributed to the bidentate nature of the ligand, which allows for reversible deprotonation of the substrate and regeneration of 1 as a stable resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence J. Taylor
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Ana M. Geer
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- Current address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia22904USA
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - William Lewis
- School of ChemistryThe University of Sydney, F11Eastern AveSydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Deborah L. Kays
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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Li Y, Wu M, Chen H, Xu D, Qu L, Zhang J, Bai R, Lan Y. Role of Alkaline-Earth Metal-Catalyst: A Theoretical Study of Pyridines Hydroboration. Front Chem 2019; 7:149. [PMID: 30972320 PMCID: PMC6443636 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to investigate the mechanism of alkaline-earth-metal-catalyzed hydroboration of pyridines with borane. In this reaction, the active catalytic species is considered to be an alkaline earth metal hydride complex when the corresponding alkaline earth metal is used as the catalyst. The theoretical results reveal that initiation of the catalytic cycle is hydride transfer to generate a magnesium hydride complex when β-diimine alkylmagnesium is used as a pre-catalyst. The magnesium hydride complex can undergo coordination of the pyridine reactant followed by hydride transfer to form a dearomatized magnesium pyridine intermediate. Coordination of borane and hydride transfer from borohydride to magnesium then give the hydroboration product and regenerate the active magnesium hydride catalyst. The rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle is hydride transfer to pyridine with a free energy barrier of 29.7 kcal/mol. Other alkaline earth metal complexes, including calcium and strontium complexes, were also considered. The DFT calculations show that the corresponding activation free energies for the rate-determining step of this reaction with calcium and strontium catalysts are much lower than with the magnesium catalyst. Therefore, calcium and strontium complexes can be used as the catalyst for the reaction, which could allow mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Lipid Resources and Children's Daily Chemicals, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Meijun Wu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Haohua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Ren W, Zhang S, Xu Z, Ma X. Reactivity of a β-diketiminate-supported magnesium alkyl complex toward small molecules. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3109-3115. [PMID: 30768120 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the magnesium alkyl {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(nBu)}2 (1) toward various small molecules provides access to a variety of magnesium derivatives. For example, the insertion of elemental chalcogens (S8 and Se8) into the Mg-C bond of complex 1 gives the dimeric magnesium thiolate {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(μ-SnBu)}2 (2), magnesium selenolate [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(SenBu)(THF) (3), and magnesium diselenolate [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(Se2nBu)(THF) (4). Meanwhile, compound 4 can be readily obtained by further insertion of one selenium atom into complex 3. Moreover, the reactions of complex 1 with diphenyl dichalcogenides (PhSSPh and PhSeSePh) by σ bond metathesis afford the corresponding magnesium phenyl chalcogenolates [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(EPh)(THF) (E = S 5, Se 6) concomitant with PhEnBu release. Furthermore, the treatment of complex 1 with benzonitrile and phenyl isothiocyanate produces the serendipitous magnesium-1-azaallyl complex [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(N(H)C(Ph)[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC3H7)(DME) (7) and the diimino-thioamidato magnesium compound {κ3-N,N',N''-(ArNCMe)2[N(Ph)CS]CH}Mg[(Ph)NC(nBu)S] (8) (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3). In addition, deprotonation occurs between compound 1 and 1-methylimidazole to generate the imidazolyl complex {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(μ-Im)}2 (9) (Im = 2-N-methylimidazolyl). These results indicated that the butylmagnesium complex 1 possesses high activity toward small molecules and revealed several unusual transformations. All the new compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, and their solid-state structures were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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35
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Macaulay CM, Gustafson SJ, Fuller JT, Kwon DH, Ogawa T, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Lumsden MD, Bischof SM, Sydora OL, Ess DH, Stradiotto M, Turculet L. Alkene Isomerization–Hydroboration Catalyzed by First-Row Transition-Metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) N-Phosphinoamidinate Complexes: Origin of Reactivity and Selectivity. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper M. Macaulay
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samantha J. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Jack T. Fuller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Takahiko Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael D. Lumsden
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Steven M. Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Orson L. Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Laura Turculet
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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36
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Moreno S, Ramos A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, García-Vivó D, Fernández-Galán R, Antiñolo A. Selective Three-Component Coupling for CO 2 Chemical Fixation to Boron Guanidinato Compounds. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8404-8413. [PMID: 29949350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A selective three-component coupling was employed to fix carbon dioxide to boron guanidinato compounds. The one-pot reaction of carbon dioxide, carbodiimides, and borylamines (ArNH)BC8H14 afforded the corresponding 1,2-adducts {R(H)N}C{N(Ar)}(NR)(CO2)BC8H14. Alternatively, the reaction with p-MeOC6H4NC or 2,6-Me2C6H3NC gave the corresponding isocyanide 1,1-adducts { i-PrHN}C{N(p-Me-C6H4)}(N i-Pr){CNAr}BC8H14. The molecular structures of products (2,6- i-Pr2C6H3NH)BC8H14 7, { i-Pr(H)N}C{N(p-MeC6H4)}(N i-Pr)(CO2)BC8H14 9, {Cy(H)N}C{N( p-MeC6H4)}(Cy)(CO2)BC8H14 13, and { i-PrHN}C{N( p-MeC6H4)}(N i-Pr){CNR″}BC8H14 (R″ = p-MeOC6H4, 2,6-Me2C6H3) 14 and 15 were established by X-ray diffraction. Density functional theory calculations at the M05-2X level of theory revealed that CO2 fixation and formation of the corresponding adduct is exothermic and proceeds via a nonchelate boron guanidinato intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moreno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario , E-13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Alberto Ramos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica , Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario , E-13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario , E-13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Granada , Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Daniel García-Vivó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM , Universidad de Oviedo , E-33071 Oviedo , Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández-Galán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario , E-13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario , E-13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
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37
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Rauser M, Warzecha DP, Niggemann M. O2
-Mediated Oxidation of Aminoboranes through 1,2-N Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5903-5907. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Daniel P. Warzecha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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38
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Rauser M, Warzecha DP, Niggemann M. O2
-Mediated Oxidation of Aminoboranes through 1,2-N Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Daniel P. Warzecha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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39
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Possart J, Uhl W. Influence of the Lewis Acidity of Gallium Atoms on the Reactivity of a Frustrated Lewis Pair: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Possart
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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40
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Romero EA, Peltier JL, Jazzar R, Bertrand G. Catalyst-free dehydrocoupling of amines, alcohols, and thiols with pinacol borane and 9-borabicyclononane (9-BBN). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:10563-5. [PMID: 27498971 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to recent reports, the dehydrocoupling of pinacol borane and 9-borabicyclononane with a variety of amines, alcohols and thiols can be achieved under mild conditions without catalyst. This process involves the formation of Lewis acid-base adducts featuring a hydridic B-H in close proximity to an acidic Nu-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Romero
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Jesse L Peltier
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
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41
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Mukherjee D, Okuda J. Molecular Magnesium Hydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:1458-1473. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
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43
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Wang W, Shen X, Zhao F, Jiang H, Yao W, Pullarkat SA, Xu L, Ma M. Ytterbium-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones. J Org Chem 2017; 83:69-74. [PMID: 29181979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The well-defined heavy rare-earth ytterbium iodide complex 1 (L2YbI) has been successfully employed as an efficient catalyst for the hydroboration of a wide range of aldehydes and ketones with pinacolborane (HBpin) at room temperature. The protocol requires low catalyst loadings (0.1-0.5 mol %) and proceeds rapidly (>99% conversion in <10 min). Additionally, catalyst 1 shows a good functional group tolerance even toward the hydroxyl and amino moieties and displays chemoselective hydroboration of aldehydes over ketones under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchao Shen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Jiang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumod A Pullarkat
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Li Xu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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45
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Rauser M, Ascheberg C, Niggemann M. Electrophilic Amination with Nitroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11570-11574. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Ascheberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
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46
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Anker MD, Kefalidis CE, Yang Y, Fang J, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Maron L. Alkaline Earth-Centered CO Homologation, Reduction, and Amine Carbonylation. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D. Anker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Christos E. Kefalidis
- Université de Toulouse and CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR
5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yan Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
- X-ray
Crystallographic Suite, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse and CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR
5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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47
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Wu D, Wang R, Li Y, Ganguly R, Hirao H, Kinjo R. Electrostatic Catalyst Generated from Diazadiborinine for Carbonyl Reduction. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Rochette
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3 V) Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de
la Médecine, Québec, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada
| | - Hugo Boutin
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3 V) Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de
la Médecine, Québec, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3 V) Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de
la Médecine, Québec, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada
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49
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Harinath A, Bhattacharjee J, Anga S, Panda TK. Dehydrogenative Coupling of Hydrosilanes and Alcohols by Alkali Metal Catalysts for Facile Synthesis of Silyl Ethers. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of hydrosilanes with hydroxyl groups, using alkali metal hexamethyldisilazide as a single-component catalyst for the formation of Si–O bonds under mild condition, is reported. The potassium salt [KN(SiMe3)2] is highly efficient and chemoselective for a wide range of functionalized alcohols (99 % conversion) under solvent-free conditions. The CDC reaction of alcohols with silanes exhibits first-order kinetics with respect to both catalyst and substrate concentrations. The most plausible mechanism for this reaction suggests that the initial step most likely involves the formation of an alkoxide followed by the formation of metal hydride as active species.
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50
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Ma M, Li J, Shen X, Yu Z, Yao W, Pullarkat SA. Sterically bulky amido magnesium methyl complexes: syntheses, structures and catalysis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, crystal structure and catalysis of a series of sterically bulky amidomagnesium methyl complexes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Ma
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchao Shen
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Yu
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sumod A. Pullarkat
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
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