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Miyairi M, Taniguchi T, Nishimura T, Maeda K. Facile Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Poly(diphenylacetylene)s by Molybdenum and Tungsten Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302332. [PMID: 37376740 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Improved methods for the synthesis of linear and cyclic poly(diphenylacetylene)s by polymerization of the corresponding diphenylacetylenes using MoCl5 - and WCl4 -based catalytic systems have been developed. MoCl5 induces migratory insertion polymerization of diphenylacetylenes in the presence of arylation reagents such as Ph4 Sn and ArSnn Bu3 to produce cis-stereoregular linear poly(diphenylacetyelene)s with high molecular weights (number-average molar mass (Mn )=30,000-3,200,000) in good yields (up to 98 %). On the other hand, WCl4 induces ring expansion polymerization of diphenylacetylenes in the presence of Ph4 Sn or reducing reagents to produce cis-stereoregular cyclic poly(diphenylacetylene)s with high molecular weights (Mn =20,000-250,000) in moderate to good yields (up to 90 %). Both catalytic systems are applicable to the polymerization of various diphenylacetylenes having polar functional groups such as esters that are not efficiently polymerized by conventional methods using WCl6 -Ph4 Sn and TaCl5 -n Bu4 Sn systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Miyairi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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2
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Zhang Y, Pun SH, Miao Q. The Scholl Reaction as a Powerful Tool for Synthesis of Curved Polycyclic Aromatics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14554-14593. [PMID: 35960873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed remarkable success in the synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics through Scholl reactions which enable oxidative aryl-aryl coupling even in company with the introduction of significant steric strain. These curved polycyclic aromatics are not only unique objects of structural organic chemistry in relation to the nature of aromaticity but also play an important role in bottom-up approaches to precise synthesis of nanocarbons of unique topology. Moreover, they have received considerable attention in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and organic functional materials because of their interesting properties and promising applications. Despite the great success of Scholl reactions in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics, the outcome of a newly designed substrate in the Scholl reaction still cannot be predicted in a generic and precise manner largely due to limited understanding on the reaction mechanism and possible rearrangement processes. This review provides an overview of Scholl reactions with a focus on their applications in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics with interesting structures and properties and aims to shed light on the key factors that affect Scholl reactions in synthesizing sterically strained polycyclic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Li Y, Wang T, Wang Y, Deng Z, Zhang L, Zhu A, Huang Y, Zhang C, Yuan M, Xie W. Tunable Photocatalytic Two-Electron Shuttle between Paired Redox Sites on Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhijie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Aonan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin 300071, China
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4
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Sittel S, Naumann R, Heinze K. Molecular Rubies in Photoredox Catalysis. Front Chem 2022; 10:887439. [PMID: 35464204 PMCID: PMC9021569 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.887439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular ruby [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ and the tris(bipyridine) chromium(III) complex [Cr(dmcbpy) 3 ] 3+ as well as the tris(bipyrazine)ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(bpz) 3 ] 2+ were employed in the visible light-induced radical cation [4+2] cycloaddition (tpe = 1,1,1-tris(pyrid-2-yl)ethane, dmcbpy = 4,4'-dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine, bpz = 2,2'-bipyrazine), while [Cr(ddpd) 2 ] 3+ serves as a control system (ddpd = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine-2,6-diamine). Along with an updated mechanistic proposal for the CrIII driven catalytic cycle based on redox chemistry, Stern-Volmer analyses, UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopic and nanosecond laser flash photolysis studies, we demonstrate that the very weakly absorbing photocatalyst [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ outcompetes [Cr(dmcbpy) 3 ] 3+ and even [Ru(bpz) 3 ] 2+ in particular at low catalyst loadings, which appears contradictory at first sight. The high photostability, the reversible redoxchemistry and the very long excited state lifetime account for the exceptional performance and even reusability of [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ in this photoredox catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sittel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Nabavizadeh SM, Niroomand Hosseini F, Park C, Wu G, Abu-Omar MM. Discovery and mechanistic investigation of Pt-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling of benzene with PhI(OAc)2. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2477-2486. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04261j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pt-catalyzed direct coupling of benzene to biphenyl using PhI(OAc)2 as an oxidant in the absence of any acid as a co-solvent or co-catalyst was mechanistically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Masoud Nabavizadeh
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Iran
| | | | - Chan Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- Santa Barbara
- USA
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6
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Bengasi G, Desport JS, Baba K, Cosas Fernandes JP, De Castro O, Heinze K, Boscher ND. Molecular flattening effect to enhance the conductivity of fused porphyrin tape thin films. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7048-7057. [PMID: 35493879 PMCID: PMC9049719 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of directly fused porphyrins (porphyrin tapes) from 5,15-diphenyl porphyrinato nickel(ii) complexes with different substituents on the phenyl rings is achieved while processing from the gas phase. The porphyrin tapes, exhibiting NIR absorption, are readily obtained in thin film form. The gas phase approach cuts the need for solubilizing groups allowing for the first time the study of their conductivity according to the substituent. 2-Point probe and conductivity AFM measurements evidence that reducing the size of the meso substituents, phenyl < mesityl < di(3,5-tert-butyl)phenyl < di(2,6-dodecyloxy)phenyl, improves the thin film conductivity by several orders of magnitude. Density functional theory and gel permeation chromatography, correlate this improvement to changes in the intermolecular distances and molecular geometry. Furthermore, the oCVD of porphyrins with free ortho-phenyl positions causes intramolecular dehydrogenative side reactions inducing a complete planarization of the molecule. This molecular flattening drastically affects the π–π stacking between the porphyrins further enhancing the electronic properties of the films. This work reports the strong correlation between the conductivity of fused porphyrins thin films and the porphyrin substituents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry
| | - Jessica S. Desport
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - João P. Cosas Fernandes
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Olivier De Castro
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
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7
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Gong F, Lu F, Zuo L, Wang Q, Li R, Hu J, Li Z, Takfaoui A, Lei A. Efficient electrosynthesis of sulfinic esters via oxidative cross‐coupling between alcohols and thiophenols. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Gong
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Fangling Lu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Lin Zuo
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Ru Li
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
| | - Abdelilah Takfaoui
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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8
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Bakhshi R, Zeynizadeh B, Mousavi H. Green, rapid, and highly efficient syntheses of
α
,
α′
‐bis[(aryl or allyl)idene]cycloalkanones and 2‐[(aryl or allyl)idene]‐1‐indanones as potentially biologic compounds via solvent‐free microwave‐assisted Claisen–Schmidt condensation catalyzed by MoCl
5. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bakhshi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University Urmia Iran
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9
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Müller K, Schmidt N, Link S, Riedel R, Bock J, Malone W, Lasri K, Kara A, Starke U, Kivala M, Stöhr M. Triphenylene-Derived Electron Acceptors and Donors on Ag(111): Formation of Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Complexes with Common Unoccupied Molecular States. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901741. [PMID: 31264784 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, ultrathin films consisting of electron donating and accepting molecules have attracted increasing attention due to their potential usage in optoelectronic devices. Key parameters for understanding and tuning their performance are intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions. Here, the formation of a monolayer thick blend of triphenylene-based organic donor and acceptor molecules from 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexamethoxytriphenylene (HAT) and 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HATCN), respectively, on a silver (111) surface is reported. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, valence and core level photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as low-energy electron diffraction measurements are used, complemented by density functional theory calculations, to investigate both the electronic and structural properties of the homomolecular as well as the intermixed layers. The donor molecules are weakly interacting with the Ag(111) surface, while the acceptor molecules show a strong interaction with the substrate leading to charge transfer and substantial buckling of the top silver layer and of the adsorbates. Upon mixing acceptor and donor molecules, strong hybridization occurs between the two different molecules leading to the emergence of a common unoccupied molecular orbital located at both the donor and acceptor molecules. The donor acceptor blend studied here is, therefore, a compelling candidate for organic electronics based on self-assembled charge-transfer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Müller
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nico Schmidt
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Link
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Bock
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut & Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 & 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Malone
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Karima Lasri
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Abdelkader Kara
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut & Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 & 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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10
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Beil SB, Franzmann P, Müller T, Hielscher MM, Prenzel T, Pollok D, Beiser N, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Investigations on isomerization and rearrangement of polycyclic arenes under oxidative conditions – Anodic versus reagent-mediated reactions. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Zhang L, Liardet L, Luo J, Ren D, Grätzel M, Hu X. Photoelectrocatalytic Arene C-H Amination. Nat Catal 2019; 2:266-373. [PMID: 30984910 PMCID: PMC6459354 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical cells are widely studied for solar energy conversion. However, they have rarely been used for the synthesis of high added-value organic molecules. Here we describe a strategy to use hematite, an abundant and robust photoanode, for non-directed arene C-H amination. Under illumination the photo generated holes in hematite oxidizes electron-rich arenes to radical cations which further react with azoles to give nitrogen heterocycles of medicinal interest. Unusual ortho-selectivity has been achieved probably due to a hydrogen bonding interaction between the substrates and the hexafluoroisopropanol co-solvent. The method exhibits broad scope and is successfully applied for the late-stage functionalization of several pharmaceutical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Liardet
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jingshan Luo
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LPI, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dan Ren
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LPI, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LPI, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISIC-LSCI, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Franzmann P, Beil SB, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Mo‐Based Oxidizers as Powerful Tools for the Synthesis of Thia‐ and Selenaheterocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:1936-1940. [PMID: 30537384 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Franzmann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sebastian B. Beil
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Material Science in Mainz (MAINZ)Graduate School of Excellence Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Material Science in Mainz (MAINZ)Graduate School of Excellence Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
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13
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Abstract
Arylated products are found in various fields of chemistry and represent essential entities for many applications. Therefore, the formation of this structural feature represents a central issue of contemporary organic synthesis. By the action of electricity the necessity of leaving groups, metal catalysts, stoichiometric oxidizers, or reducing agents can be omitted in part or even completely. The replacement of conventional reagents by sustainable electricity not only will be environmentally benign but also allows significant short cuts in electrochemical synthesis. In addition, this methodology can be considered as inherently safe. The current survey is organized in cathodic and anodic conversions as well as by the number of leaving groups being involved. In some electroconversions the reagents used are regenerated at the electrode, whereas in other electrotransformations free radical sequences are exploited to afford a highly sustainable process. The electrochemical formation of the aryl-substrate bond is discussed for aromatic substrates, heterocycles, other multiple bond systems, and even at saturated carbon substrates. This survey covers most of the seminal work and the advances of the past two decades in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center with Johannes Gutenberg University , Forum universitatis 2 , 55122 Mainz , Germany
| | - Sebastian Lips
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Maximilian Selt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Barbara Riehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Christopher J Kampf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center with Johannes Gutenberg University , Forum universitatis 2 , 55122 Mainz , Germany
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14
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Beil SB, Uecker I, Franzmann P, Müller T, Waldvogel SR. Mild, Fast, and Easy To Conduct MoCl5-Mediated Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions in Flow. Org Lett 2018; 20:4107-4110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- MAterial Science IN MainZ (MAINZ), Graduate School of Excellence, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ise Uecker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Franzmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Timo Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- MAterial Science IN MainZ (MAINZ), Graduate School of Excellence, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Wiebe A, Gieshoff T, Möhle S, Rodrigo E, Zirbes M, Waldvogel SR. Electrifying Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5594-5619. [PMID: 29292849 PMCID: PMC5969240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 801] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct synthetic organic use of electricity is currently experiencing a renaissance. More synthetically oriented laboratories working in this area are exploiting both novel and more traditional concepts, paving the way to broader applications of this niche technology. As only electrons serve as reagents, the generation of reagent waste is efficiently avoided. Moreover, stoichiometric reagents can be regenerated and allow a transformation to be conducted in an electrocatalytic fashion. However, the application of electroorganic transformations is more than minimizing the waste footprint, it rather gives rise to inherently safe processes, reduces the number of steps of many syntheses, allows for milder reaction conditions, provides alternative means to access desired structural entities, and creates intellectual property (IP) space. When the electricity originates from renewable resources, this surplus might be directly employed as a terminal oxidizing or reducing agent, providing an ultra-sustainable and therefore highly attractive technique. This Review surveys recent developments in electrochemical synthesis that will influence the future of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Max Planck Graduate CenterStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Tile Gieshoff
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Sabine Möhle
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Michael Zirbes
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Max Planck Graduate CenterStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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16
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Wu X, Iwata T, Scharf A, Qin T, Reichl KD, Porco JA. Asymmetric Synthesis of Gonytolide A: Strategic Use of an Aryl Halide Blocking Group for Oxidative Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5969-5975. [PMID: 29658717 PMCID: PMC5943148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the chromanone lactone dimer gonytolide A has been achieved employing vanadium(V)-mediated oxidative coupling of the monomer gonytolide C. An o-bromine blocking group strategy was employed to favor para- para coupling and to enable kinetic resolution of (±)-gonytolide C. Asymmetric conjugate reduction enabled practical kinetic resolution of a chiral, racemic precursor and the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-gonytolide A and its atropisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Scharf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD),
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD),
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kyle D. Reichl
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD),
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD),
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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17
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Wiebe A, Gieshoff T, Möhle S, Rodrigo E, Zirbes M, Waldvogel SR. Elektrifizierung der organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Tile Gieshoff
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sabine Möhle
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Michael Zirbes
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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18
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Beil SB, Müller T, Sillart SB, Franzmann P, Bomm A, Holtkamp M, Karst U, Schade W, Waldvogel SR. Aktive Anode auf Molybdänbasis für dehydrierende Kupplungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- MAterial Science IN MainZ (MAINZ); Exzellenzgraduiertenschule; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Timo Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sydney B. Sillart
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Peter Franzmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Alexander Bomm
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut; Abteilung Faseroptische Sensorsysteme; Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Deutschland
| | - Michael Holtkamp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schade
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut; Abteilung Faseroptische Sensorsysteme; Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- MAterial Science IN MainZ (MAINZ); Exzellenzgraduiertenschule; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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19
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Beil SB, Müller T, Sillart SB, Franzmann P, Bomm A, Holtkamp M, Karst U, Schade W, Waldvogel SR. Active Molybdenum-Based Anode for Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2450-2454. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Material Science in Mainz (MAINZ); Graduate School of Excellence; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Timo Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sydney B. Sillart
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Peter Franzmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Alexander Bomm
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut; Abteilung Faseroptische Sensorsysteme; Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Germany
| | - Michael Holtkamp
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schade
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut; Abteilung Faseroptische Sensorsysteme; Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Material Science in Mainz (MAINZ); Graduate School of Excellence; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
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20
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Krzeszewski M, Swider P, Dobrzycki Ł, Cyrański MK, Danikiewicz W, Gryko DT. The role of steric hindrance in the intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling of pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:11539-11542. [PMID: 27709209 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05904j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of steric hindrance triggers different reaction pathways in the intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling of tetraaryl-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles and leads to the formation of a fluorene moiety and a new cationic π-system linked together by a spiro carbon atom. Computational studies elegantly rationalized these results. These previously unknown functional dyes emit red light with reasonable efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Swider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Warsaw University, Chemistry Department, Pasteura 1, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Warsaw University, Chemistry Department, Pasteura 1, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Bartalucci N, Bortoluzzi M, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G, Marchetti F. Activation of CN bonds by high-valent group 6 metal chlorides, including the conversion of an α-diimine into a functionalized imidazolium. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct interactions of WCl6and MoCl5with α-diimines (and also a carbodiimide in the case of MoCl5) have been explored, leading to unusual reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
- CIRCC
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- CIRCC
- I-70126 Bari
- Italy
- Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- CIRCC
- I-70126 Bari
- Italy
- Università di Bologna
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
- CIRCC
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
- CIRCC
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22
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Bartalucci N, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Pinzino C, Zacchini S, Marchetti F. Stable coordination complexes of α-diimines with Nb(v) and Ta(v) halides. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3346-3355. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uncommon coordination compounds of high valent transition metal halides with N-aryl α-diimines have been obtained, without the need for reducing agents to quench the activation power of the metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
- CIRCC
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- CIRCC
- I-70126 Bari
- Italy
- Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
- CIRCC
| | | | - Stefano Zacchini
- CIRCC
- I-70126 Bari
- Italy
- Università di Bologna
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
- CIRCC
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23
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Higuchi K, Tago T, Kokubo Y, Ito M, Tayu M, Sugiyama S, Kawasaki T. A metal-free biaryl coupling reaction activated by a sulfonium salt. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free biaryl coupling reaction of phenol or aryl ethers mediated by a sulfonium salt formed from diphenyl sulfoxide and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride has been developed. The method is a rapid, one-pot reaction, leaving no traces of the sulfonium moiety in the product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Motoki Ito
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University
- Tokyo 204-8588
- Japan
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24
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Hu X, Zhang G, Bu F, Luo X, Yi K, Zhang H, Lei A. Photoinduced oxidative activation of electron-rich arenes: alkenylation with H 2 evolution under external oxidant-free conditions. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1521-1526. [PMID: 29675195 PMCID: PMC5887105 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An external oxidant-free cross-coupling of electron-rich arenes and styrenes was enabled by a dual photoredox-cobaloxime catalytic system.
The dehydrogenative cross-coupling of arenes and alkenes is a particularly ideal approach for the synthesis of aryl alkenes. Herein, we report a photo-induced C–H/C–H cross-coupling between electron-rich arenes and styrene derivatives using a dual catalytic system containing an acridinium photosensitizer and a cobaloxime proton-reducing catalyst. This catalytic system enables the Csp2–Csp2 bond formation accompanying H2 evolution. Various substituted aryl alkenes can be afforded with good to excellent yields and high β-regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Guoting Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Faxiang Bu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xu Luo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Kebing Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Heng Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; .,State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P.R. China
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25
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Bartalucci N, Bortoluzzi M, Funaioli T, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. Allowing the direct interaction of N-aryl α-diimines with a high valent metal chloride: one-pot WCl 6-promoted formation of quinoxalinium salts. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12780-12784. [PMID: 28932841 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The full potential of a high valent metal chloride as both a chlorinating and an oxidative agent was explored by allowing WCl6 to react with N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) α-diimines, in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. These α-diimines underwent unprecedented conversion to quinoxalinium cations via intramolecular C-N coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. fabio.marchetti1974@ unipi.it
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26
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Yi H, Zhang G, Wang H, Huang Z, Wang J, Singh AK, Lei A. Recent Advances in Radical C-H Activation/Radical Cross-Coupling. Chem Rev 2017. [PMID: 28639787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 853] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research and industrial interest in radical C-H activation/radical cross-coupling chemistry has continuously grown over the past few decades. These reactions offer fascinating and unconventional approaches toward connecting molecular fragments with high atom- and step-economy that are often complementary to traditional methods. Success in this area of research was made possible through the development of photocatalysis and first-row transition metal catalysis along with the use of peroxides as radical initiators. This Review provides a brief and concise overview of the current status and latest methodologies using radicals or radical cations as key intermediates produced via radical C-H activation. This Review includes radical addition, radical cascade cyclization, radical/radical cross-coupling, coupling of radicals with M-R groups, and coupling of radical cations with nucleophiles (Nu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Guoting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Huamin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Atul K Singh
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang 330022, China
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27
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28
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Röse P, Emge S, König CA, Hilt G. Efficient Oxidative Coupling of ArenesviaElectrochemical Regeneration of 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) under Mild Reaction Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Röse
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Steffen Emge
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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29
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Little MS, Yeates SG, Alwattar AA, Heard KWJ, Raftery J, Edwards AC, Parry AVS, Quayle P. Insights into the Scholl Coupling Reaction: A Key Transformation of Relevance to the Synthesis of Graphenes and Related Systems. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Little
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
- School of Chemistry; Imperial College; SW7 2AY London UK
| | - Stephen G. Yeates
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Aula A. Alwattar
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Kane W. J. Heard
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - James Raftery
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Alyn C. Edwards
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Adam. V. S. Parry
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Peter Quayle
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
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30
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Bartalucci N, Bortoluzzi M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Schoch S, Zacchini S. Unusual activation pathways of amines in the reactions with molybdenum pentachloride. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03992h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both single electron reduction and oxidation of Mo(v) guide the activation of a series of aliphatic amines when these are allowed to react with MoCl5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Università di Venezia Ca' Foscari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- I-30170 Mestre (VE)
- Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Silvia Schoch
- Università di Pisa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Università di Bologna
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
- I-40136 Bologna
- Italy
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31
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Lips S, Wiebe A, Elsler B, Schollmeyer D, Dyballa KM, Franke R, Waldvogel SR. Synthesis of meta-Terphenyl-2,2''-diols by Anodic C-C Cross-Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10872-6. [PMID: 27490451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The anodic C-C cross-coupling reaction is a versatile synthetic approach to symmetric and non-symmetric biphenols and arylated phenols. We herein present a metal-free electrosynthetic method that provides access to symmetric and non-symmetric meta-terphenyl-2,2''-diols in good yields and high selectivity. Symmetric derivatives can be obtained by direct electrolysis in an undivided cell. The synthesis of non-symmetric meta-terphenyl-2,2''-diols required two electrochemical steps. The reactions are easy to conduct and scalable. The method also features a broad substrate scope, and a large variety of functional groups are tolerated. The target molecules may serve as [OCO](3-) pincer ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lips
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anton Wiebe
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center, Staudinger-Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Elsler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin M Dyballa
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Strasse 1, 45772, Marl, Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Strasse 1, 45772, Marl, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany. .,Max Planck Graduate Center, Staudinger-Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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32
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Lips S, Wiebe A, Elsler B, Schollmeyer D, Dyballa KM, Franke R, Waldvogel SR. Synthese vonmeta-Terphenyl-2,2′′-diolen durch anodische C-C-Kreuzkupplungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lips
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Anton Wiebe
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudinger-Weg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Bernd Elsler
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Katrin M. Dyballa
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH; Paul-Baumann-Straße 1 45772 Marl Deutschland
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH; Paul-Baumann-Straße 1 45772 Marl Deutschland
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudinger-Weg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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Bortoluzzi M, Ferretti E, Hayatifar M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. One‐Pot Intermolecular C–S Self‐Coupling of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Promoted by Molybdenum Pentachloride. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Via Torino 15530170Mestre (VE)Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferretti
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Mohammad Hayatifar
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Università di Bologna Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Viale Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
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34
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Wiebe A, Schollmeyer D, Dyballa KM, Franke R, Waldvogel SR. Selektive Synthese teilgeschützter unsymmetrischer Biphenole durch reagens- und metallfreie anodische Kreuzkupplung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | | | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH; Marl Deutschland
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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35
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Wiebe A, Schollmeyer D, Dyballa KM, Franke R, Waldvogel SR. Selective Synthesis of Partially Protected Nonsymmetric Biphenols by Reagent- and Metal-Free Anodic Cross-Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11801-5. [PMID: 27401116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative cross-coupling of aromatic substrates without the necessity of leaving groups or catalysts is described. The selective formation of partially protected nonsymmetric 2,2'-biphenols via electroorganic synthesis was accomplished with a high yield of isolated product. Since electric current is employed as the terminal oxidant, the reaction is reagent-free; no reagent waste is generated as only electrons are involved. The reaction is conducted in an undivided cell, and is suitable for scale-up and inherently safe. The implementation of O-silyl-protected phenols in this transformation results in both significantly enhanced yields and higher selectivity for the desired nonsymmetric 2,2'-biphenols. The use of a bulky silyl group to block one hydroxyl moiety makes the final product less prone to oxidation. Furthermore, the partially silyl-protected 2,2'-biphenols are versatile building blocks that usually require tedious or low-yielding synthetic pathways. Additionally, this strategy facilitates a large variety of new substrate combinations for oxidative cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Marl, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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36
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Gupta V, Rao VUB, Das T, Vanka K, Singh RP. Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling of 2,3-Diaryl Acrylic Compounds: Access to Substituted Phenanthrenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5663-9. [PMID: 27232691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple, facile, and environmentally benign intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling of various 1,2-diarylethylenes for the synthesis of phenanthrenes in excellent yield has been described. This new methodology uses ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a promoter at room temperature and has been extended to intermolecular synthesis of biaryl compounds. The electron transfer from methoxyarene to cerium leads to cationic radical formation, which further proceeds to intramolecular coupling. Preliminary mechanistic investigation by EPR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation suggested a similar view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - V U Bhaskara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ravi P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Hayashi R, Shimizu A, Yoshida JI. The Stabilized Cation Pool Method: Metal- and Oxidant-Free Benzylic C–H/Aromatic C–H Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8400-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Hayashi
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry
and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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