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Jedrych A, Pawlak M, Gorecka E, Lewandowski W, Wojcik MM. Light-Responsive Supramolecular Nanotubes-Based Chiral Plasmonic Assemblies. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5548-5560. [PMID: 36897199 PMCID: PMC10062029 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the fabrication of dual-responsive (thermo/light) chiral plasmonic films. The idea is based on using photoswitchable achiral liquid crystal (LCs) forming chiral nanotubes for templating helical assemblies of Au NPs. Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) confirms chiroptical properties coming from the arrangement of organic and inorganic components, with up to 0.2 dissymmetry factor (g-factor). Upon exposure to UV light, organic molecules isomerize, resulting in controlled melting of organic nanotubes and/or inorganic nanohelices. The process can be reversed using visible light and further modified by varying the temperature, offering a control of chiroptical response of the composite material. These properties can play a key role in the future development of chiral plasmonics, metamaterials, and optoelectronic devices.
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2
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Xiao Y, Liu X, Li N, Pang Y, Zheng Z. Central condensed ring changes for manipulating the self-assembly and photophysical behaviors of cyanostilbene-based hexacatenars. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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3
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Liu J, Shadpour S, Prévôt ME, Chirgwin M, Nemati A, Hegmann E, Lemieux RP, Hegmann T. Molecular Conformation of Bent-Core Molecules Affected by Chiral Side Chains Dictates Polymorphism and Chirality in Organic Nano- and Microfilaments. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7249-7270. [PMID: 33734664 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between molecular conformation and chirality is a cornerstone in the construction of supramolecular helical structures of small molecules across various length scales. Inspired by biological systems, conformational preselection and control in artificial helical molecules, polymers, and aggregates has guided various applications in optics, photonics, and chiral sorting among others, which are frequently based on an inherent chirality amplification through processes such as templating and self-assembly. The so-called B4 nano- or microfilament phase formed by some bent-shaped molecules is an exemplary case for such chirality amplification across length scales, best illustrated by the formation of distinct nano- or microscopic chiral morphologies controlled by molecular conformation. Introduction of one or more chiral centers in the aliphatic side chains led to the discovery of homochiral helical nanofilament, helical microfilament, and heliconical-layered nanocylinder morphologies. Herein, we demonstrate how a priori calculations of the molecular conformation affected by chiral side chains are used to design bent-shaped molecules that self-assemble into chiral nano- and microfilament as well as nanocylinder conglomerates despite the homochiral nature of the molecules. Furthermore, relocation of the chiral center leads to formation of helical as well as flat nanoribbons. Self-consistent data sets from polarized optical as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, thin-film and solution circular dichroism spectropolarimetry, and synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction experiments support the progressive and predictable change in morphology controlled by structural changes in the chiral side chains. The formation of these morphologies is discussed in light of the diminishing effects of molecular chirality as the chain length increases or as the chiral center is moved away from the core-chain juncture. The type of phase (B1-columnar or B4) and morphology of the nano- or microfilaments generated can further be controlled by sample treatment conditions such as by the cooling rate from the isotropic melt or by the presence of an organic solvent in the ensuing colloidal dispersions. We show that these nanoscale morphologies can then organize into a wealth of two- and three-dimensional shapes and structures ranging from flower blossoms to fiber mats formed by intersecting flat nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
| | - Sasan Shadpour
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
| | - Marianne E Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
| | - Michael Chirgwin
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
| | - Ahlam Nemati
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
| | - Elda Hegmann
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
| | - Robert P Lemieux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent (Ohio) 44242-0001, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, United States
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4
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Park W, Yang M, Park H, Wolska JM, Ahn H, Shin TJ, Pociecha D, Gorecka E, Yoon DK. Directing Polymorphism in the Helical Nanofilament Phase. Chemistry 2021; 27:7108-7113. [PMID: 33464673 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, it is reported that the polymorphism in the helical nanofilament (HNF, B4 ) liquid-crystalline phase depends on the fabrication methods, that is, UV-driven formation and template-assisted self-assembly in the nanoconfined geometry. As a result, uniaxially oriented HNFs with different helical structures were obtained, in which generation of the twisted-ribbon and cylindrical-ribbon polymorphs showed that even the molecular lattice has a different orientation. The detailed structures were directly observed by SEM and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation. The resultant polymorphs could be used in chiro-optical applications due to the capability for fine control of the helical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wongi Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyong Yang
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanna M Wolska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-089, Poland
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-089, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorecka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-089, Poland
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lewandowski W, Vaupotič N, Pociecha D, Górecka E, Liz-Marzán LM. Chirality of Liquid Crystals Formed from Achiral Molecules Revealed by Resonant X-Ray Scattering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905591. [PMID: 32529663 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research on chiral liquid crystals (LCs) has been fueled by their actively tunable physicochemical properties and structural complexity, comparable to those of sophisticated natural materials. Herein, recent progress in the discovery of new classes of chiral LCs, enabled by a combination of nano- and macroscale investigations is reviewed. First, an overview is provided of liquid crystalline phases, made of chiral and achiral low-weight molecules, that exhibit chiral structure and/or chiral morphology. Then, recent progress in the discovery of new classes of chiral LCs, particularly enabled by the application of resonant X-ray scattering is described. It is shown that the method is sensitive to modulations of molecular orientation and therefore provides information hardly accessible by means of other techniques, such as the sense of helical structures or chirality transfer across length scales. Finally, a perspective is presented on the future scope, opportunities, and challenges in the field of chiral LCs, in particular related to nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Lewandowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 St., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Nataša Vaupotič
- Department of Physics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 St., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Ewa Górecka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 St., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xin He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qingyao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P. R. China
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7
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Novotná V, Hamplová V, Lejček L, Pociecha D, Cigl M, Fekete L, Glogarová M, Bednárová L, Majewski PW, Gorecka E. Organic nanotubes created from mesogenic derivatives. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2835-2839. [PMID: 36133609 PMCID: PMC9418705 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A facile route to prepare nanotubes from rod-like mesogens dissolved in typical organic solvents is reported. For selected types of chiral rod-like molecules, nanotubes were formed from both enantiomers and racemic mixtures by slow evaporation from solution, regardless of the solvent, concentration or deposition type. The obtained supramolecular assemblies were studied using AFM, TEM and SEM techniques, and other experimental techniques (IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction) were also applied. The difference in the surface tension at opposite crystallite surfaces is suggested as a possible mechanism for nanotube nucleation. We propose a quite new rolling-up mechanism related to the surface tension difference at opposite crystallite surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Novotná
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 CZ-182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic +420286890527 +420266053111
| | - Věra Hamplová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 CZ-182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic +420286890527 +420266053111
| | - Lubor Lejček
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 CZ-182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic +420286890527 +420266053111
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland +48228221075
| | - Martin Cigl
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 CZ-182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic +420286890527 +420266053111
| | - Ladislav Fekete
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 CZ-182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic +420286890527 +420266053111
| | - Milada Glogarová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 CZ-182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic +420286890527 +420266053111
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS Flemingovo n. 2,166 10 Prague 6 CZ-182 21 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Pawel W Majewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland +48228221075
| | - Ewa Gorecka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland +48228221075
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Foley L, Park W, Yang M, Carlson E, Korblova E, Yoon DK, Walba DM. Nanoconfinement of the Low-Temperature Dark Conglomerate: Structural Control from Focal Conics to Helical Nanofilaments. Chemistry 2019; 25:7438-7442. [PMID: 30957281 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The helical nanofilament (HNF) and low-temperature dark conglomerate (DC) liquid-crystal (LC) phases of bent-core molecules show the same local layer structure but present different bulk morphologies. The DC phase is characterized by the formation of nanoscale toric focal conics, whereas the HNF phase is constructed of bundles of twisted layers. Although the local layer structure is similar in both phases, materials that form these phases tend to form one morphology in preference to the other. Targeted control of the nanostructures would provide pathways to potential applications and insight into how conditions drive a specific phase formation. Here, W624, a compound known to form the DC phase is confined in nanometer scale channels of porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Within each nanochannel, the DC phase is suppressed forming the HNF structure instead, indicating the nanoscale spatial limitation can control the phase structure of the DC phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Foley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Soft Materials Research Center, Boulder, CO, 80309-0390, USA
| | - Wongi Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyong Yang
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Soft Materials Research Center, Boulder, CO, 80309-0390, USA
| | - Eva Korblova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Soft Materials Research Center, Boulder, CO, 80309-0390, USA
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - David M Walba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Soft Materials Research Center, Boulder, CO, 80309-0390, USA
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Oikawa R, Sasaki H, Takanishi Y, Sagisaka M, Yamamoto J, Yoshizawa A. Linear symmetric liquid crystal trimers exhibiting supramolecular chiral architectures. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3179-3187. [PMID: 30892358 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a homologous series of achiral liquid crystal trimers (I-n) in which two phenylpyrimidine units and one biphenyl unit were connected via flexible spacers, and investigated the physical properties. All the trimers possessing odd-numbered methylene spacers exhibited soft crystalline chiral conglomerate phases. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that they have an intercalated layer structure. On the other hand, the trimers possessing even-numbered spacers showed nematic and smectic C phases. We investigated the surface structures of odd-membered trimers in the soft crystalline phases using scanning electron microscopy. Trimers I-3 and I-5 were found to form cylindrical tubes, whereas trimers I-7, I-9 and I-11 toroidal pits. We discuss the formation of diverse supramolecular architectures in terms of the anisotropy of the chirality transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Oikawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan.
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Sasaki H, Takanishi Y, Yamamoto J, Yoshizawa A. Photo-Driven Chirality Switching in a Dark Conglomerate Phase of an Achiral Liquid Crystal Trimer. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Sasaki
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki 036-8561 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takanishi
- Department of Physics; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Department of Physics; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshizawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Technology; Hirosaki University; 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki 036-8561 Japan
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11
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Abstract
Chiral symmetry breaking in soft matter is a hot topic of current research. Recently, such a phenomenon was found in a fluidic phase showing orientational order of molecules—the nematic phase; although built of achiral molecules, the phase can exhibit structural chirality—average molecular direction follows a short-pitch helix. Here, we report a series of achiral asymmetric dimers with an odd number of atoms in the spacer, which form twisted structures in nematic as well as in lamellar phases. The tight pitch heliconical nematic (NTB) phase and heliconical tilted smectic C (SmCTB) phase are formed. The formation of a variety of helical structures is accompanied by a gradual freezing of molecular rotation. In the lowest temperature smectic phase, HexI, the twist is expressed through the formation of hierarchical structure: nanoscale helices and mesoscopic helical filaments. The short-pitch helical structure in the smectic phases is confirmed by resonant X-ray measurements. Systems that form chiral structures from achiral molecules are not common. Here, the authors synthesise a compound consisting of asymmetric and achiral bent-shaped mesogens, which exhibit a variety of liquid crystal phases including one in which chiral structures form from achiral constituent molecules.
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Wolska JM, Wilk J, Pociecha D, Mieczkowski J, Gorecka E. Optically Active Cubic Liquid Crystalline Phase Made of Achiral Polycatenar Stilbene Derivatives. Chemistry 2017; 23:6853-6857. [PMID: 28186347 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Achiral stilbene polycatenars forming smectic, columnar or cubic phase depending on the terminal chains length, were studied. The cubic Im3m phase exhibited optical activity originating in twisted face-to-face molecular aggregates. The optical activity of the phase is preserved upon sample crystallization, providing evidence of a transfer of chirality on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Maria Wolska
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wilk
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jozef Mieczkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorecka
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Bajzíková K, Svoboda J, Novotná V, Pociecha D, Gorecka E. Bent-core mesogens with an aromatic unit at the terminal position. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bent-core liquid crystals with a naphthalene central unit and an aromatic ring at the terminal position of molecular chains were synthesised with the aim of enhancing nanosegregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvetoslava Bajzíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- CZ-166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Svoboda
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- CZ-166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Novotná
- Institute of Physics
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- CZ-182 21 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Laboratory of Dielectrics and Magnetics
- Chemistry Department
- Warsaw University
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Ewa Gorecka
- Laboratory of Dielectrics and Magnetics
- Chemistry Department
- Warsaw University
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
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