1
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Gómez de Segura D, Corral-Zorzano A, Alcolea E, Moreno MT, Lalinde E. Phenylbenzothiazole-Based Platinum(II) and Diplatinum(II) and (III) Complexes with Pyrazolate Groups: Optical Properties and Photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1589-1606. [PMID: 38247362 PMCID: PMC10806813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Based on 2-phenylbenzothiazole (pbt) and 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)benzothiazole (Me2N-pbt), mononuclear [Pt(pbt)(R'2-pzH)2]PF6 (R'2-pzH = pzH 1a, 3,5-Me2pzH 1b, 3,5-iPr2pzH 1c) and diplatinum (PtII-PtII) [Pt(pbt)(μ-R'2pz)]2 (R'2-pz = pz 2a, 3,5-Me2pz 2b, 3,5-iPr2pz 2c) and [Pt(Me2N-pbt)(μ-pz)]2 (3a) complexes have been prepared. In the presence of sunlight, 2a and 3a evolve, in CHCl3 solution, to form the PtIII-PtIII complexes [Pt(R-pbt)(μ-pz)Cl]2 (R = H 4a, NMe2 5a). Experimental and computational studies reveal the negligible influence of the pyrazole or pyrazolate ligands on the optical properties of 1a-c and 2a,b, which exhibit a typical 3IL/3MLCT emission, whereas in 2c the emission has some 3MMLCT contribution. 3a displays unusual dual, fluorescence (1ILCT or 1MLCT/1LC), and phosphorescence (3ILCT) emissions depending on the excitation wavelength. The phosphorescence is lost in aerated solutions due to sensitization of 3O2 and formation of 1O2, whose determined quantum yield is also wavelength dependent. The phosphorescence can be reversibly photoinduced (365 nm, ∼ 15 min) in oxygenated THF and DMSO solutions. In 4a and 5a, the lowest electronic transitions (S1-S3) have mixed characters (LMMCT/LXCT/L'XCT 4a and LMMCT/LXCT/ILCT 5a) and they are weakly emissive in rigid media. The 1O2 generation property of complex 3a is successfully used for the photooxidation of p-bromothioanisol showing its potential application toward photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Andrea Corral-Zorzano
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Eduardo Alcolea
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
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2
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Maier T, Wutschitz J, Gajic N, Hejl M, Cseh K, Mai S, Jakupec MA, Galanski MS, Keppler BK. Not the usual suspect - an unexpected organometallic product during the synthesis of cytotoxic platinum(II) complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16326-16335. [PMID: 37855721 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of (1R,2R)-(cyclohexane-1,2-diamine)dichloridoplatinum(II) with maleic acid unexpectedly resulted in the formation of an organometallic platinum(II) complex featuring a C,O-coordinating ligand. Additionally, a small series of close derivatives with increasing lipophilicity was synthesized. All complexes were fully characterized by multinuclear one- and two-dimensional (1H, 13C, 15N, and 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry, and in one case by X-ray diffraction. The lipophilicity and the impact on the DNA secondary structure as well as the cytotoxic properties in three human cancer cell lines (A549, SW480, and CH1/PA-1) were investigated. Unexpectedly, no clear-cut trend in cytotoxicity was observed with increasing lipophilicity. Also unexpectedly, the complexes showed only a low potential to inhibit cancer cell growth and no sign of interaction with DNA, in sharp contrast to the parent drug oxaliplatin, which seems to be caused by the low reactivity of the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maier
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- University of Vienna, Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Wutschitz
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Natalie Gajic
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michaela Hejl
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Mai
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathea S Galanski
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. Phosphorescent Bimetallic C^C* Platinum(ii) Complexes with Bridging Substituted Diphenylformamidinates. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202227. [PMID: 36284471 PMCID: PMC10092827 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphorescent bimetallic platinum(II) complexes is presented, which were synthesized by the combination of bidentate cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and different bridging diphenylformamidinates. The complexes were characterized by standard techniques and additionally two solid-state structures could be obtained. Photoluminescence measurements revealed the strong emissive behavior of the compounds with quantum yields of up to 90 % and emission lifetimes of approx. 2 μs. The effect of the substitution pattern in the bridging ligands on the structural and photophysical properties of the complexes was examined in detail and rationalized by density functional theory calculations (PBE0/6-311G*).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische ChemieTechnische Universität Dresden01069DresdenGermany
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4
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Stipurin S, Wurl F, Strassner T. C∧C* Platinum(II) Complexes with PtXPX Metallacycle Forming (X = N and S) Auxiliary Ligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Wurl
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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5
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Lo K, Tong GSM, Cheng G, Low K, Che C. Dinuclear Pt
II
Complexes with Strong Blue Phosphorescence for Operationally Stable Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with EQE up to 23 % at 1000 cd m
−2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kar‐Wai Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong P. R. China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen 518053 P. R. China
| | - Kam‐Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited 17 Science Park West Avenue Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong P. R. China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen 518053 P. R. China
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6
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Lo KW, Tong GSM, Cheng G, Low KH, Che CM. Dinuclear PtII Complexes with Strong Blue Phosphorescence for Operational Stable Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with EQE up to 23% at 1000 cd m-2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115515. [PMID: 34939273 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new class of dinuclear PtII complexes with blue phosphorescence. Bulky N-heterocyclic carbene and tethered bridging ligands were employed to suppress photo-induced structural changes and to improve thermal stability of the complexes. These complexes show mixed 3IL/3MLCT blue emission (~460 nm) with emission quantum yields of up to 0.95, emission lifetimes of as low as 1.3 µs and radiative decay rate constants of up to 7.3 × 105 s-1 in 4 wt% doped PMMA films; the latter is attributed to a 1MLCT excited state having high metal character (resulting in large SOC) and a large transition dipole moment, based on DFT calculations. Phosphor-sensitized blue hyperOLEDs with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.13, 0.12) showed maximum EQE of 23.4% with full-width-at-half-maximum of 18 nm and LT50 > 250 h at an L0 of 1000 cd m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Wai Lo
- The University of Hong Kong, Chemistry, HONG KONG
| | | | - Gang Cheng
- The University of Hong Kong, Chemistry, HONG KONG
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- The University of Hong Kong, Chemistry, HONG KONG
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, -, Hong Kong, HONG KONG
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7
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Pinter P, Hennersdorf F, Weigand JJ, Strassner T. Polymorphic Phosphorescence from Separable Aggregates with Unique Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:13135-13138. [PMID: 34405914 PMCID: PMC8518788 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Platinum complexes aggregate into polymorphs with different intermolecular interactions leading to different photophysical properties. Strong intermolecular interactions stabilize the aggregate to such an extent that the polymorphs can be separated directly by column chromatography. Solid‐state structures as well as quantum‐chemical calculations confirmed the effect of the interactions on the photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piermaria Pinter
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Anorganische Molekülchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Anorganische Molekülchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Sicilia V, Arnal L, Escudero D, Fuertes S, Martin A. Chameleonic Photo- and Mechanoluminescence in Pyrazolate-Bridged NHC Cyclometalated Platinum Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12274-12284. [PMID: 34339189 PMCID: PMC8892954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DFT investigations on the ground (GS) and the first triplet (T1) excited state potential energy surfaces (PES) were performed on a new series of platinum-butterfly complexes, [{Pt(C∧C*)(μ-Rpz)}2] (Rpz: pz, 1; 4-Mepz, 2; 3,5-dmpz, 3; 3,5-dppz, 4), containing a cyclometalated NHC in their wings. The geometries of two close-lying local minima corresponding to butterfly spread conformers, 1s-4s, and butterfly folded ones, 1f-4f, with long and short Pt-Pt separations, respectively, were optimized in the GS and T1 PES. A comparison of the GS and T1 energy profiles revealed that an opposite trend is obtained in the relative stability of folded and spread conformers, the latter being more stabilized in their GS. Small ΔG (s/f) along with small-energy barriers in the GS support the coexistence of both kinds of conformers, which influence the photo- and mechanoluminescence of these complexes. In 5 wt % doped PMMA films in the air, these complexes exhibit intense sky-blue emissions (PLQY: 72.0-85.9%) upon excitation at λ ≤ 380 nm arising from 3IL/MLCT excited states, corresponding to the predominant 1s-4s conformers. Upon excitation at longer wavelengths (up to 450 nm), the minor 1f-4f conformers afford a blue emission as well, with PLQY still significant (40%-60%). In the solid state, the as-prepared powder of 4 exhibits a greenish-blue emission with QY ∼ 29%, mainly due to 3IL/3MLCT excited states of butterfly spread molecules, 4s. Mechanical grinding resulted in an enhanced and yellowish-green emission (QY ∼ 51%) due to the 3MMLCT excited states of butterfly folded molecules, 4f, in such a way that the mechanoluminescence has been associated with an intramolecular structural change induced by mechanical grinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Sicilia
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Escuela de Ingenieria y Arquitectura de Zaragoza, Instituto de Sintesis Quimica y Catalisis Homogenea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio Torres Quevedo, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Arnal
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Sintesis Quimica y Catalisis Homogenea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Fuertes
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Sintesis Quimica y Catalisis Homogenea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Martin
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Sintesis Quimica y Catalisis Homogenea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Pinter P, Soellner J, Strassner T. Metallophilic Interactions in Bimetallic Cyclometalated Platinum(II) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piermaria Pinter
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Johannes Soellner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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10
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. C^C* Platinum(II) Complexes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups and Beneficial Auxiliary Ligands: Efficient Blue Phosphorescent Emission. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11200-11205. [PMID: 34242510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of strong electron-withdrawing groups in cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (C^C*) with known beneficial auxiliary ligands in phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes leads to efficient light-to-deep-blue emission with quantum yields of up to 92%. All compounds were characterized and investigated regarding their photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties, and three complexes could additionally be characterized by solid-state structures. Density functional theory calculations (PBE0/6-311G* with dispersion correction) are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Gong ZL, Tang K, Zhong YW. A Carbazole-Bridged Biscyclometalated Diplatinum Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Dual-Mode Aggregation-Enhanced Phosphorescence. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6607-6615. [PMID: 33861581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cationic carbazole-bridged biscyclometalated diplatinum complex 4 has been synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray analysis demonstrates that complex 4 displays a dimeric structure with noncovalent π-π stacking and unique double Pt-Pt interactions. In aerated dilute CH3CN, complex 4 is characterized by a very weak monomeric yellow emission (λemi = 547 nm; Φ = 0.51%), which is attributed to the triplet intraligand (3LC) excited state mixing with some charge transfer characters. In contrast, under aerated conditions, the dispersion of 4 in a mixed solvent of CH3CN/Et2O (1/9, v/v) or CH3CN/H2O (1/9, v/v) displays intense yellow (λemi = 550 nm; Φ = 35.5%; τ = 11.10 μs) and red emission (λemi = 635 nm; Φ = 14.1%; τ = 7.00 μs), respectively. These aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission enhancements are considered being caused by the oxygen-shielding effect and the molecular rigidification-induced decrease of nonradiative decays in the aggregate state. The morphology and size of the aggregates under these two conditions are examined by scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering analysis. The absorption and emission properties of 4 are further rationalized by time-dependent density functional theory calculations on a model compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Escomel L, Del Rosal I, Maron L, Jeanneau E, Veyre L, Thieuleux C, Camp C. Strongly Polarized Iridium δ--Aluminum δ+ Pairs: Unconventional Reactivity Patterns Including CO 2 Cooperative Reductive Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4844-4856. [PMID: 33735575 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The iridium tetrahydride complex Cp*IrH4 reacts with a range of isobutylaluminum derivatives of general formula Al(iBu)x(OAr)3-x (x = 1, 2) to give the unusual iridium aluminum species [Cp*IrH3Al(iBu)(OAr)] (1) via a reductive elimination route. The Lewis acidity of the Al atom in complex 1 is confirmed by the coordination of pyridine, leading to the adduct [Cp*IrH3Al(iBu)(OAr)(Py)] (2). Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational data support the description of these heterobimetallic complexes 1 and 2 as featuring strongly polarized Al(III)δ+-Ir(III)δ- interactions. Reactivity studies demonstrate that the binding of a Lewis base to Al does not quench the reactivity of the Ir-Al motif and that both species 1 and 2 promote the cooperative reductive cleavage of a range of heteroallenes. Specifically, complex 2 promotes the decarbonylation of CO2 and AdNCO, leading to CO (trapped as Cp*IrH2(CO)) and the alkylaluminum oxo ([(iBu)(OAr)Al(Py)]2(μ-O) (3)) and ureate ({Al(OAr)(iBu)[κ2-(N,O)AdNC(O)NHAd]} (4)) species, respectively. The bridged amidinate species Cp*IrH2(μ-CyNC(H)NCy)Al(iBu)(OAr) (5) is formed in the reaction of 2 with dicyclohexylcarbodiimine. Mechanistic investigations via DFT support cooperative heterobimetallic bond activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon Escomel
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Université de Lyon, Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Veyre
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials, CP2M UMR 5128, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
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13
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Imidazolinylidene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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14
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Pinter P, Soellner J, Strassner T. Photophysical Properties of Phosphorescent Mono- and Bimetallic Platinum(II) Complexes with C∧C* Cyclometalating NHC Ligands. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piermaria Pinter
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Soellner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Ehret F, Filippou V, Blickle S, Bubrin M, Záliš S, Kaim W. Structural and Oxidation State Alternatives in Platinum and Palladium Complexes of a Redox-Active Amidinato Ligand. Chemistry 2021; 27:3374-3381. [PMID: 32959415 PMCID: PMC7986709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [Pt(DMSO)2 Cl2 ] or [Pd(MeCN)2 Cl2 ] with the electron-rich LH=N,N'-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethanimidamide yielded mononuclear [PtL2 ] (1) but dinuclear [Pd2 L4 ] (2), a paddle-wheel complex. The neutral compounds were characterized through experiments (crystal structures, electrochemistry, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, magnetic resonance) and TD-DFT calculations as metal(II) species with noninnocent ligands L- . The reversibly accessible cations [PtL2 ]+ and [Pd2 L4 ]+ were also studied, the latter as [Pd2 L4 ][B{3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 }4 ] single crystals. Experimental and computational investigations were directed at the elucidation of the electronic structures, establishing the correct oxidation states within the alternatives [PtII (L- )2 ] or [Pt. (L )2 ], [PtII (L0.5- )2 ]+ or [PtIII (L- )2 ]+ , [(PdII )2 (μ-L- )4 ] or [(Pd1.5 )2 (μ-L0.75- )4 ], and [(Pd2.5 )2 (μ-L- )4 ]+ or [(PdII )2 (μ-L0.75- )4 ]+ . In each case, the first alternative was shown to be most appropriate. Remarkable results include the preference of platinum for mononuclear planar [PtL2 ] with an N-Pt-N bite angle of 62.8(2)° in contrast to [Pd2 L4 ], and the dimetal (Pd2 4+ →Pd2 5+ ) instead of ligand (L- →L ) oxidation of the dinuclear palladium compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ehret
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vasileios Filippou
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Svenja Blickle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martina Bubrin
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
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Yamada Y, Matsumoto R, Kori D, Koikawa M. Syntheses, crystal structures, and solid-state spectroscopic properties of dinuclear cyclometallated platinum(II) complexes with mercaptobenzoazoles as bridging ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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To WP, Wan Q, Tong GSM, Che CM. Recent Advances in Metal Triplet Emitters with d6, d8, and d10 Electronic Configurations. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Saito D, Ogawa T, Yoshida M, Takayama J, Hiura S, Murayama A, Kobayashi A, Kato M. Intense Red‐Blue Luminescence Based on Superfine Control of Metal–Metal Interactions for Self‐Assembled Platinum(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18723-18730. [PMID: 32666592 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Saito
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Current address: Institute for Integrated Cell-Materials Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Junichi Takayama
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University North-14 West-9, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0814 Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiura
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University North-14 West-9, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0814 Japan
| | - Akihiro Murayama
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University North-14 West-9, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0814 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
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Saito D, Ogawa T, Yoshida M, Takayama J, Hiura S, Murayama A, Kobayashi A, Kato M. Intense Red‐Blue Luminescence Based on Superfine Control of Metal–Metal Interactions for Self‐Assembled Platinum(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Saito
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Current address: Institute for Integrated Cell-Materials Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Junichi Takayama
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University North-14 West-9, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0814 Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiura
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University North-14 West-9, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0814 Japan
| | - Akihiro Murayama
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University North-14 West-9, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0814 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
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Wang SF, Fu LW, Wei YC, Liu SH, Lin JA, Lee GH, Chou PT, Huang JZ, Wu CI, Yuan Y, Lee CS, Chi Y. Near-Infrared Emission Induced by Shortened Pt–Pt Contact: Diplatinum(II) Complexes with Pyridyl Pyrimidinato Cyclometalates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13892-13901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jia-An Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Zhi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Pinter P, Strassner T. Prediction of emission wavelengths of phosphorescent NHC based emitters for OLEDs. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Binuclear luminescent Pt(II) complexes based on substituted 3,6-diphenylpyridazines; synthesis and photophysical study. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Puttock EV, Walden MT, Williams JG. The luminescence properties of multinuclear platinum complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cebrián C, Mauro M. Recent advances in phosphorescent platinum complexes for organic light-emitting diodes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1459-1481. [PMID: 30013674 PMCID: PMC6037003 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescent organometallic compounds based on heavy transition metal complexes (TMCs) are an appealing research topic of enormous current interest. Amongst all different fields in which they found valuable application, development of emitting materials based on TMCs have become crucial for electroluminescent devices such as phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs). This interest is driven by the fact that luminescent TMCs with long-lived excited state lifetimes are able to efficiently harvest both singlet and triplet electro-generated excitons, thus opening the possibility to achieve theoretically 100% internal quantum efficiency in such devices. In the recent past, various classes of compounds have been reported, possessing a beautiful structural variety that allowed to nicely obtain efficient photo- and electroluminescence with high colour purity in the red, green and blue (RGB) portions of the visible spectrum. In addition, achievement of efficient emission beyond such range towards ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) regions was also challenged. By employing TMCs as triplet emitters in OLEDs, remarkably high device performances were demonstrated, with square planar platinum(II) complexes bearing π-conjugated chromophoric ligands playing a key role in such respect. In this contribution, the most recent and promising trends in the field of phosphorescent platinum complexes will be reviewed and discussed. In particular, the importance of proper molecular design that underpins the successful achievement of improved photophysical features and enhanced device performances will be highlighted. Special emphasis will be devoted to those recent systems that have been employed as triplet emitters in efficient PhOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Mauro
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS - Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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25
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Red-emitting cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes with imidazolyl phenanthrolines: Synthesis and photophysical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Horiuchi S, Moon S, Sakuda E, Ito A, Arikawa Y, Umakoshi K. U- to Z-shape isomerization in a Pt2Ag2 framework containing pyridyl-NHC ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7113-7117. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A highly twisted U-shaped Pt2Ag2 complex bearing pyridyl–NHC ligands showed isomerization to Z-shaped conformations via an intermolecular process. 1H NMR experiments revealed that the isomerization reached U : Z = 2 : 1 ratio in a thermodynamic equilibrium state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Sangjoon Moon
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Akitaka Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering/School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kami
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
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27
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Regulation of metal–metal interactions and chromic phenomena of multi-decker platinum complexes having π-systems. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jiang X, Chen GH, Gu MQ, Wang Q, Wu D. Theoretical Study and Design of Phosphorescent Cyclometalated (C ∧C*)Pt II(acac) Complexes: The Substituent Effect Controls the Radiative and Nonradiative Decay Processes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6231-6242. [PMID: 28763208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were performed to evaluate the influence of substituent effect of (1) R = 4-Me, (2) R = 4-OMe, and (3) R = 2,3-OC6H4 on the phenyl ring of (C∧C*)PtII(acac) (C∧C* = phenylimidazole, acac = acetylacetone), respectively, on absorption and phosphorescent spectra properties, as well as the radiative and nonradiative processes. We found that emissions of complexes 2 and 3 originate from the Kasha-like T1 state, whereas that of complex 1 originates from non-Kasha T2 state. Compared with the emission of complex 1, the emission peaks of 2 and 3 are red-shifted, which is attributed to p-π and π-π conjugation effects resulting from the electron-donating groups -OCH3 and -OC6H4 with ligand C∧C*, respectively. The radiative rate constants (κr) of 2 and 3 are larger than that of 1, namely, κr(1) < κr(2) < κr(3), indicating that κr can be efficiently increased by enlarging π-conjugation at the main ligand of (C∧C*)PtII(acac), which can cause the increase of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) matrix elements. At the same time, the activation energy barriers for the rate-limiting step can be largely raised accompanied by enlarging the ability of electron-donation of the substituent group at the main ligand of (C∧C*)PtII(acac), which can cause the decrease of the nonradiative rate constant (κnr), namely, κnr(1) > κnr(2) > κnr(3). According to ΦP = κr/(κr + κnr), the quantum yields should have the sequence ΦP(1) < ΦP(2) < ΦP(3), which is in accordance with the experiment. In addition, to guide experimental synthesis of highly efficient (C∧C*)PtII(acac), a new complex 4 through extending the π-conjugation in the C∧C* ligand of (C∧C*)PtII(acac) was theoretically designed, which has a larger quantum yield than 1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, China
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