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Ji L, Meng J, Li C, Wang M, Jiang X. From Polyester Plastics to Diverse Monomers via Low-Energy Upcycling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403002. [PMID: 38626364 PMCID: PMC11220695 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Polyester plastics, constituting over 10% of the total plastic production, are widely used in packaging, fiber, single-use beverage bottles, etc. However, their current depolymerization processes face challenges such as non-broad spectrum recyclability, lack of diversified high-value-added depolymerization products, and crucially high energy consumption. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed for dismantling the compact structure of polyester plastics to achieve diverse monomer recovery. Polyester plastics undergo swelling and decrystallization with a low depolymerization energy barrier via synergistic effects of polyfluorine/hydrogen bonding, which is further demonstrated via density functional theory calculations. The swelling process is elucidated through scanning electron microscopy analysis. Obvious destruction of the crystalline region is demonstrated through X-ray crystal diffractometry curves. PET undergoes different aminolysis efficiently, yielding nine corresponding high-value-added monomers via low-energy upcycling. Furthermore, four types of polyester plastics and five types of blended polyester plastics are closed-loop recycled, affording diverse monomers with exceeding 90% yields. Kilogram-scale depolymerization of real polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste plastics is successfully achieved with a 96% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
| | - Jiaolong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
| | - Chengliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan453007China
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2
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Hilton EM, Jinks MA, Burnett AD, Warren NJ, Wilson AJ. Visible-Light Driven Control Over Triply and Quadruply Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Assemblies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304033. [PMID: 38190370 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers offer tremendous potential to produce new "smart" materials, however, there remains a need to develop systems that are responsive to external stimuli. In this work, visible-light responsive hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers comprising photoresponsive supramolecular synthons (I-III) consisting of two hydrogen bonding motifs (HBMs) connected by a central ortho-tetrafluorinated azobenzene have been characterized by DOSY NMR and viscometry. Comparison of different hydrogen-bonding motifs reveals that assembly in the low and high concentration regimes is strongly influenced by the strength of association between the HBMs. I, Incorporating a triply hydrogen-bonded heterodimer, was found to exhibit concentration dependent switching between a monomeric pseudo-cycle and supramolecular oligomer through intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the HBMs. II, Based on the same photoresponsive scaffold, and incorporating a quadruply hydrogen-bonded homodimer was found to form a supramolecular polymer which was dependent upon the ring-chain equilibrium and thus dependent upon both concentration and photochemical stimulus. Finally, III, incorporating a quadruply hydrogen-bonded heterodimer represents the first photoswitchable AB type hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymer. Depending on the concentration and photostationary state, four different assemblies dominate for both monomers II and III, demonstrating the ability to control supramolecular assembly and physical properties triggered by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Hilton
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael A Jinks
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew D Burnett
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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3
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Tang B, Pauls M, Bannwarth C, Hecht S. Photoswitchable Quadruple Hydrogen-Bonding Motif. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:45-50. [PMID: 38033296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple hydrogen-bonding motifs serve as important building blocks for molecular recognition and self-assembly. Herein, a photoswitchable quadruple hydrogen-bonding motif featuring near-complete, reversible, and thermostable conversion between DADA and AADD arrays associated with an alteration of their dimerization constants by over 3 orders of magnitude is reported. The system is based on a diarylethene featuring a ureidopyrimidin-4-ol moiety, which upon photoinduced ring closure and associated loss of aromaticity undergoes enol-keto tautomerization to a ureidopyrimidinone moiety. The latter causes a transformation of the hydrogen-bonding arrays and significantly weakens the free energy of dimerization in the case of the closed isomer. This photoswitchable quadruple hydrogen-bonding motif should allow us to spatially and temporarily direct self-assembly and supramolecular polymerization processes by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Tang
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mike Pauls
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Morgan DC, McDougall L, Knuhtsen A, Jamieson AG. Development of Bifunctional, Raman Active Diyne-Girder Stapled α-Helical Peptides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300855. [PMID: 37130830 PMCID: PMC10946806 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stapled peptides are a unique class of cyclic α-helical peptides that are conformationally constrained via their amino acid side-chains. They have been transformative to the field of chemical biology and peptide drug discovery through addressing many of the physicochemical limitations of linear peptides. However, there are several issues with current chemical strategies to produce stapled peptides. For example, two distinct unnatural amino acids are required to synthesize i, i+7 alkene stapled peptides, leading to high production costs. Furthermore, low purified yields are obtained due to cis/trans isomers produced during ring-closing metathesis macrocyclisation. Here we report the development of a new i, i+7 diyne-girder stapling strategy that addresses these issues. The asymmetric synthesis of nine unnatural Fmoc-protected alkyne-amino acids facilitated a systematic study to determine the optimal (S,S)-stereochemistry and 14-carbon diyne-girder bridge length. Diyne-girder stapled T-STAR peptide 29 was demonstrated to have excellent helicity, cell permeability and stability to protease degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that the diyne-girder constraint is a Raman chromophore with potential use in Raman cell microscopy. Development of this highly effective, bifunctional diyne-girder stapling strategy leads us to believe that it can be used to produce other stapled peptide probes and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C. Morgan
- School of ChemistryAdvanced Research CentreUniversity of Glasgow11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
| | - Laura McDougall
- School of ChemistryAdvanced Research CentreUniversity of Glasgow11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
| | - Astrid Knuhtsen
- School of ChemistryAdvanced Research CentreUniversity of Glasgow11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
| | - Andrew G. Jamieson
- School of ChemistryAdvanced Research CentreUniversity of Glasgow11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
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Song X, Zhu X, Yao H, Shang W, Du C, Lu W, Liu M, Tian W. Topological-skeleton controlled chirality expression of supramolecular hyperbranched and linear polymers. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:422-428. [PMID: 38933405 PMCID: PMC11197627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The topology of polymers plays an essential role in their chemical, physical and biological properties. However, their effects on chirality-related functions remain unclear. Here, we reported the topology-controlled chirality expression in the chiral supramolecular system for the first time. Two topological supramolecular polymers, hyperbranched (HP) and linear (LP) supramolecular polymers produced by the host-guest interactions of branched and linear monomers, respectively, exhibited completely different chirality expressions despite the same molecular chirality of their monomers. Significantly, due to the branch points and strong steric hindrance existing in HP, cis-HP showed an enhanced and sign-inverted Cotton effect in the n-π* bands compared with cis-LP, as a result that the distinctive chirality induction and transfer were controlled by the topological skeletons. This topology-controlled chirality induction and transfer in the photoswitchable supramolecular polymers not only enables us to elucidate the in-depth effects of topology on the chiral expression in biopolymers but also inspires the design of chiroptical and bioinspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
| | - Weili Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cong Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wensheng Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Kennedy ADW, DiNardi RG, Fillbrook LL, Donald WA, Beves JE. Visible-Light Switching of Metallosupramolecular Assemblies. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104461. [PMID: 35102616 PMCID: PMC9302685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A photoswitchable ligand and palladium(II) ions form a dynamic mixture of self-assembled metallosupramolecular structures. The photoswitching ligand is an ortho-fluoroazobenzene with appended pyridyl groups. Combining the E-isomer with palladium(II) salts affords a double-walled triangle with composition [Pd3 L6 ]6+ and a distorted tetrahedron [Pd4 L8 ]8+ (1 : 2 ratio at 298 K). Irradiation with 410 nm light generates a photostationary state with approximately 80 % of the E-isomer of the ligand and results in the selective disassembly of the tetrahedron, the more thermodynamically stable structure, and the formation of the triangle, the more kinetically inert product. The triangle is then slowly transformed back into the tetrahedron over 2 days at 333 K. The Z-isomer of the ligand does not form any well-defined structures and has a thermal half-life of 25 days at 298 K. This approach shows how a thermodynamically preferred self-assembled structure can be reversibly pumped to a kinetic trap by small perturbations of the isomer distribution using non-destructive visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ray G. DiNardi
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Lucy L. Fillbrook
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - William A. Donald
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Jonathon E. Beves
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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Kasatkina SO, Geyl KK, Baykov SV, Novikov MS, Boyarskiy VP. “Urea to Urea” Approach: Access to Unsymmetrical Ureas Bearing Pyridyl Substituents. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana O. Kasatkina
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Kirill K. Geyl
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Sergey V. Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Mikhail S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
| | - Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9 Saint Petersburg 199034 Russian Federatio
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8
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Wei L, Han ST, Jin TT, Zhan TG, Liu LJ, Cui J, Zhang KD. Towards photoswitchable quadruple hydrogen bonds via a reversible "photolocking" strategy for photocontrolled self-assembly. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1762-1771. [PMID: 34163937 PMCID: PMC8179285 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new photoswitchable noncovalent interaction motifs with controllable bonding affinity is crucial for the construction of photoresponsive supramolecular systems and materials. Here we describe a unique "photolocking" strategy for realizing photoswitchable control of quadruple hydrogen-bonding interactions on the basis of modifying the ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) module with an ortho-ester substituted azobenzene unit as the "photo-lock". Upon light irradiation, the obtained Azo-UPy motif is capable of unlocking/locking the partial H-bonding sites of the UPy unit, leading to photoswitching between homo- and heteroquadruple hydrogen-bonded dimers, which has been further applied for the fabrication of novel tunable hydrogen bonded supramolecular systems. This "photolocking" strategy appears to be broadly applicable in the rational design and construction of other H-bonding motifs with sufficiently photoswitchable noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Shi-Tao Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Ting-Ting Jin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Tian-Guang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Jiecheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Kang-Da Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 China
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Xiao T, Xu L, Wang J, Li ZY, Sun XQ, Wang L. Biomimetic folding of small organic molecules driven by multiple non-covalent interactions. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular self-folding of UPy-based monomers with low molecular weight driven by multiple non-covalent interactions has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangxin Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Lixiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Zheng-Yi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
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Chirality and stereoselectivity in photochromic reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ji L, Ouyang G, Liu M. Binary Supramolecular Gel of Achiral Azobenzene with a Chaperone Gelator: Chirality Transfer, Tuned Morphology, and Chiroptical Property. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12419-12426. [PMID: 28972771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Binary supramolecular gels based on achiral azobenzene derivatives and a chiral chaperone gelator, long-alkyl-chain-substituted L-Histidine (abbreviated as LHC18) that could assist many nongelling acids in forming gels, were investigated in order to fabricate the chiroptical gel materials in a simple way. It was found that although the carboxylic acid-terminated achiral azobenzene derivatives could not form gels in any solvents, when mixed with LHC18 they formed the co-gels and self-assembled into various morphologies ranging from nanotubes and loose nanotubes to nanosheets, depending on the substituent groups on the azobenzene moiety. The ether linkage and the number of carboxylic acid groups attached to the azobenzene moiety played important roles. Upon gel formation, the localized molecular chirality in LHC18 could be transferred to the azobenzene moiety. Combined with the trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene, optically and chiroptically reversible gels were generated. It was found that the gel based on azobenzene with two carboxylic acid groups and ether linkages showed clear optical reversibility but less chiroptical reversibility, whereas the gel based on azobenzene with one carboxylic acid and an ether linkage showed both optical and chiroptical reversibility. Thus, new insights into the relationship among the molecular structures of the azobenzene, self-assembled nanostructures in the gel and the optical and chiroptical reversibility were disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ouyang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nano System and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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