1
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Lebedinskiy K, Jindřich J. Preparation of 6-Monohalo-β-cyclodextrin Derivatives with Selectively Methylated Rims via Diazonium Salts. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28268-28276. [PMID: 37576619 PMCID: PMC10413458 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of 6-monohalo (Cl, Br, and I) β-cyclodextrin derivatives with various types of methylations were synthesized via a diazotization/nucleophilic displacement reaction from the corresponding methylated cyclodextrin amines. All four starting compounds (6A-amino-6A-deoxy derivatives of native β-CD, per-6-O-methyl-, per-2,3-O-methyl-, and per-2,3,6-O-methyl-β-CD) were found to have different reactivities under the same reaction conditions. Unsubstituted and fully per-O-methylated cyclodextrin amines undergo fast transformation, giving lower yields of the monohalogenated product. The selectively methylated cyclodextrin amines react remarkably slower and provide almost complete conversion into the desired monohalogenated compound. A pure product was, in several cases, successfully isolated with simple purification techniques (extraction and precipitation), allowing large-scale preparations. This new method opens the way for preparing poorly investigated monofunctionalized selectively methylated cyclodextrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Lebedinskiy
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Shen Y, Mahjour B, Cernak T. Development of copper-catalyzed deaminative esterification using high-throughput experimentation. Commun Chem 2022; 5:83. [PMID: 36698013 PMCID: PMC9814592 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing of amine and carboxylic acid building blocks provides an enormous opportunity to expand the accessible chemical space, because amine and acid feedstocks are typically low cost and available in high diversity. Herein, we report a copper-catalyzed deaminative esterification based on C-N activation of aryl amines via diazonium salt formation. The reaction was specifically designed to complement the popular amide coupling reaction. A chemoinformatic analysis of commercial building blocks demonstrates that by utilizing aryl amines, our method nearly doubles the available esterification chemical space compared to classic Fischer esterification with phenols. High-throughput experimentation in microliter reaction droplets was used to develop the reaction, along with classic scope studies, both of which demonstrated robust performance against hundreds of substrate pairs. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that this new esterification is suitable for late-stage diversification and for building-block repurposing to expand chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Shen
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Babak Mahjour
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Tim Cernak
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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3
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Zeng LY, Liu Y, Han J, Chen J, Liu S, Xi B. O-Methylation of carboxylic acids with streptozotocin. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5230-5233. [PMID: 35621003 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinically used DNA-alkylating drug streptozotocin (STZ) was investigated using a simple work-up as an O-methylating agent to transform various carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and phosphorous acids into corresponding methyl esters, and did so with yields of up to 97% in 4 h at room temperature. Good substrate tolerance was observed, and benefited from the mild conditions and compatibility of the reaction with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharma-ceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharma-ceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiakun Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharma-ceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharma-ceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharma-ceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Baomin Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharma-ceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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4
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Reynard G, Moisan-Labelle J, Parent É, Lebel H. Understanding the regioselectivity of 5-substituted 1 H-tetrazoles alkylation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03841b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel rational to account for the selectivity of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Reynard
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Julien Moisan-Labelle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Étienne Parent
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hélène Lebel
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
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5
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Reynard G, Lebel H. Alkylation of 5-Substituted 1 H-Tetrazoles via the Diazotization of Aliphatic Amines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12452-12459. [PMID: 34479404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new alkylation reaction of monosubstituted tetrazoles via the diazotization of aliphatic amines is reported. This method enables preferential formation of 2,5-disubstituted tetrazoles. A one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/diazotization sequence starting from widely available nitriles is also described. Azide residues are quenched in the second step with the nitrite reagent, thus limiting the intrinsic risk associated with trimethylsilyl azide. The reaction conditions were compatible with several functional groups, including thiocyanates, which afford preferentially disubstituted 2-alkyl-5-(substituted-thio)tetrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Reynard
- Département de Chimie, Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Hélène Lebel
- Département de Chimie, Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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6
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Hatridge TA, Wei B, Davies HML, Jones CW. Copper-Catalyzed, Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrazone in a Three-Phase Packed Bed Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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7
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Shi Z, Wang X, Yin D, Li W, Liu D, Zhou X. High-Flux Continuous-Flow Synthesis of C.I. Pigment Yellow 12 from Clear Alkaline Solutions of the Coupling Component. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Defei Yin
- The First Scientific Research Institute of Wuxi, Wuxi 214035, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongzhi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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8
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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9
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Dale HJA, Nottingham C, Poree C, Lloyd-Jones GC. Systematic Evaluation of 1,2-Migratory Aptitude in Alkylidene Carbenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2097-2107. [PMID: 33427456 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alkylidene carbenes undergo rapid inter- and intramolecular reactions and rearrangements, including 1,2-migrations of β-substituents to generate alkynes. Their propensity for substituent migration exerts profound influence over the broader utility of alkylidene carbene intermediates, yet prior efforts to categorize 1,2-migratory aptitude in these elusive species have been hampered by disparate modes of carbene generation, ultrashort carbene lifetimes, mechanistic ambiguities, and the need to individually prepare a series of 13C-labeled precursors. Herein we report on the rearrangement of 13C-alkylidene carbenes generated in situ by the homologation of carbonyl compounds with [13C]-Li-TMS-diazomethane, an approach that obviates the need for isotopically labeled substrates and has expedited a systematic investigation (13C{1H} NMR, DLPNO-CCSD(T)) of migratory aptitudes in an unprecedented range of more than 30 alkylidene carbenes. Hammett analyses of the reactions of 26 differentially substituted benzophenones reveal several counterintuitive features of 1,2-migration in alkylidene carbenes that may prove of utility in the study and synthetic application of unsaturated carbenes more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J A Dale
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Chris Nottingham
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Carl Poree
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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10
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Reynard G, Joseph-Valcin EM, Lebel H. Protecting-group-free synthesis of hydroxyesters from amino alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10938-10941. [PMID: 32797120 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03242e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of hydroxyesters from carboxylic acids and unprotected amino alcohols in both continuous flow and batch processes is reported. The formation of a transient diazonium species with a dinitrite reagent is key in this transformation. The reaction conditions are compatible with a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Reynard
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc H3C 3J7, Canada.
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11
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Reynard G, Mayrand H, Lebel H. Etherification of phenols by amines via transient diazonium intermediates. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the synthesis of alkyl aryl ethers from electron poor phenols and amines, using 1,3-propanedinitrite, is described. Due to the mild conditions, functionalized primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl groups were successfully introduced, denoting a highly tolerant process that allows for unprotected alcohols and acetals. The reaction is thought to proceed through the formation of a diazonium intermediate that undergoes subsequent SN2 or SN1 reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Reynard
- Département de chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hugo Mayrand
- Département de chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hélène Lebel
- Département de chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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12
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Neto JSS, Zeni G. Alkynes and Nitrogen Compounds: Useful Substrates for the Synthesis of Pyrazoles. Chemistry 2020; 26:8175-8189. [PMID: 31990413 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The easy preparation and functionalization of pyrazoles associated with their innumerable biological properties have made this class of N-heterocycles very attractive for the development of new synthetic routes and applications. The cyclization reactions of alkynes and nitrogen compounds represent a powerful tool for the preparation of pyrazoles. This Review covers the recent advances in the preparation of pyrazoles by reacting alkynes and nitrogen compounds under transition-metal-catalyzed or metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose S S Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
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13
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Liu Z, Raveendra Babu K, Wang F, Yang Y, Bi X. Influence of sulfonyl substituents on the decomposition of N-sulfonylhydrazones at room temperature. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00802g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic investigation on the influence of sulfonyl substituents on the decomposition of N-sulfonylhydrazones at room temperature is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- China
| | - Kaki Raveendra Babu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- China
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14
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Mi P, Lang J, Lin S. Retracted Article: Molybdenum-silver co-catalyzed cycloaddition of alkynes with N-isocyanoiminotriphenylphosphorane (NIITP): an efficient strategy for the synthesis of monosubstituted pyrazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7986-7989. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis of monosubstituted pyrazoles from alkynes and N-isocyanoiminotriphenylphosphorane (NITTP) is developed via molybdenum-silver co-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbing Mi
- College of Light Industry and Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
| | - Jiajia Lang
- Research Center for Medicine
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421001
- China
| | - Shaojian Lin
- College of Light Industry and Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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15
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Continuous flow chemistry: where are we now? Recent applications, challenges and limitations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13894-13928. [PMID: 30483683 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A general outlook of the changing face of chemical synthesis is provided in this article through recent applications of continuous flow processing in both industry and academia. The benefits, major challenges and limitations associated with the use of this mode of processing are also given due attention as an attempt to put into perspective the current position of continuous flow processing, either as an alternative or potential combinatory technology for batch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Akwi
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
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16
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Audubert C, Bouchard A, Mathieu G, Lebel H. Chemoselective Synthesis of Amines from Ammonium Hydroxide and Hydroxylamine in Continuous Flow. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14203-14209. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Audubert
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexanne Bouchard
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gary Mathieu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hélène Lebel
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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18
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Liang Y, Steinbock R, Yang L, Ackermann L. Continuous Visible‐Light Photoflow Approach for a Manganese‐Catalyzed (Het)Arene C−H Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Feng Liang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ralf Steinbock
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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19
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Yoo C, Rackl D, Liu W, Hoyt CB, Pimentel B, Lively RP, Davies HML, Jones CW. An Immobilized‐Dirhodium Hollow‐Fiber Flow Reactor for Scalable and Sustainable C−H Functionalization in Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Daniel Rackl
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Caroline B. Hoyt
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Brian Pimentel
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ryan P. Lively
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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20
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Yoo C, Rackl D, Liu W, Hoyt CB, Pimentel B, Lively RP, Davies HML, Jones CW. An Immobilized‐Dirhodium Hollow‐Fiber Flow Reactor for Scalable and Sustainable C−H Functionalization in Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10923-10927. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Daniel Rackl
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Caroline B. Hoyt
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Brian Pimentel
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ryan P. Lively
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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21
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Liang YF, Steinbock R, Yang L, Ackermann L. Continuous Visible-Light Photoflow Approach for a Manganese-Catalyzed (Het)Arene C-H Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10625-10629. [PMID: 29882633 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Manganese photocatalysts enabled versatile room-temperature C-H arylation reactions by means of continuous visible-light photoflow, thus allowing for efficient C-H arylations in 30 minutes with ample scope. The robustness of the manganese-catalyzed photoflow strategy was shown by visible light-induced gram-scale synthesis, clearly outperforming the batch performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Steinbock
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Hock KJ, Koenigs RM. The Generation of Diazo Compounds in Continuous-Flow. Chemistry 2018; 24:10571-10583. [PMID: 29575129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Toxic, cancerogenic and explosive-these attributes are typically associated with diazo compounds. Nonetheless, diazo compounds are nowadays a highly demanded class of reagents for organic synthesis, yet the concerns with regards to safe and scalable transformations of these compounds are still exceptionally high. Lately, the research area of the continuous-flow synthesis of diazo compounds attracted significant interest and a whole variety of protocols for their "on-demand" preparation have been realized to date. This concept article focuses on the recent developments using continuous-flow technologies to access diazo compounds; thus minimizing risks and hazards when working with this particular class of compounds. In this article we discuss these concepts and highlight different pre-requisites to access and to perform downstream functionalization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina J Hock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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23
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Rullière P, Benoit G, Allouche EMD, Charette AB. Safe and Facile Access to Nonstabilized Diazoalkanes Using Continuous Flow Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5777-5782. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rullière
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Guillaume Benoit
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Emmanuelle M. D. Allouche
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - André B. Charette
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
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24
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Rullière P, Benoit G, Allouche EMD, Charette AB. Safe and Facile Access to Nonstabilized Diazoalkanes Using Continuous Flow Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rullière
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Guillaume Benoit
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Emmanuelle M. D. Allouche
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - André B. Charette
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
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25
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Nie J, Ma JA. Transition-Metal-Free [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Nitroolefins and Diazoacetonitrile: A Facile Access to Multisubstituted Cyanopyrazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:2120-2124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
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26
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Shen X, Gong H, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Lin J, Chen M. Unsymmetrical difunctionalization of cyclooctadiene under continuous flow conditions: expanding the scope of ring opening metathesis polymerization. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1846-1853. [PMID: 29675230 PMCID: PMC5890785 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized cyclooctenes (FCOEs) are important monomers in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Herein, a new library of disubstituted FCOEs bearing adjacent heteroatoms were synthesized and applied in ROMP. To address the issues associated with the handling of the reactive thienyl chloride intermediate, a two-step continuous flow method has been developed to prepare 5-thio-6-chlorocyclooctene compounds from abundant cyclooctadiene starting materials. These newly synthesized FCOE monomers were subsequently polymerized through ROMP, giving rise to a range of functionalized polymers with high molecular weights. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the thermal properties of these polymers could be fine-tuned by changing the functional groups in the FCOE monomers. We expect that this functionalization-polymerization strategy will enable the preparation of a range of polymeric materials with complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers , Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China . ; http://chenmaofudan.wixsite.com/polymao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource , Ministry Education , School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , 650091 , China
| | - Honghong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers , Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China . ; http://chenmaofudan.wixsite.com/polymao
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers , Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China . ; http://chenmaofudan.wixsite.com/polymao
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers , Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China . ; http://chenmaofudan.wixsite.com/polymao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource , Ministry Education , School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , 650091 , China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource , Ministry Education , School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , 650091 , China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers , Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China . ; http://chenmaofudan.wixsite.com/polymao
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27
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Dingwall P, Greb A, Crespin LNS, Labes R, Musio B, Poh JS, Pasau P, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. C–H functionalisation of aldehydes using light generated, non-stabilised diazo compounds in flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11685-11688. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we explore further the use of oxadiazolines, non-stabilised diazo precursors which are bench stable, in direct, non-catalytic, aldehyde C–H functionalisation reactions under UV photolysis in flow and free from additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dingwall
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Andreas Greb
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | | | - Ricardo Labes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Biagia Musio
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Jian-Siang Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | | | | | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Lensfield Road
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
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28
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Guttenberger N, Breinbauer R. C H and C C bond insertion reactions of diazo compounds into aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Kim JY, Kang BC, Ryu DH. Catalytic Asymmetric Roskamp Reaction of Silyl Diazoalkane: Synthesis of Enantioenriched α-Silyl Ketone. Org Lett 2017; 19:5936-5939. [PMID: 29052993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective Roskamp reaction of silyl diazoalkane to synthesize a highly optically active α-silyl ketone from aldehydes is described. In the presence of a chiral oxazaborolidinium ion catalyst, the reaction provides α-chiral silyl ketones with good yields (up to 97%) and high enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). In addition, a one-pot procedure using an asymmetric Roskamp/reduction strategy gives highly optically active syn-β-hydroxysilane in good yields (up to 94%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) and syn stereoselectivities (>20:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, Korea
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30
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Peng SQ, Zhang XW, Zhang L, Hu XG. Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Difluoromethyl Diazomethane and Interrupted Esterification with Trifluoromethyl Diazomethane: A Fluorine Effect. Org Lett 2017; 19:5689-5692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Qing Peng
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key
Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
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31
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Audubert C, Lebel H. Mild Esterification of Carboxylic Acids via Continuous Flow Diazotization of Amines. Org Lett 2017; 19:4407-4410. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Audubert
- Département de Chimie,
Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Hélène Lebel
- Département de Chimie,
Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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32
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Britton J, Jamison TF. A Unified Continuous Flow Assembly-Line Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8823-8827. [PMID: 28544160 PMCID: PMC6990874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and modular continuous flow synthesis of highly functionalized fluorinated pyrazoles and pyrazolines has been developed. Flowing fluorinated amines through sequential reactor coils mediates diazoalkane formation and [3+2] cycloaddition to generate more than 30 azoles in a telescoped fashion. Pyrazole cores are then sequentially modified through additional reactor modules performing N-alkylation and arylation, deprotection, and amidation to install broad molecular diversity in short order. Continuous flow synthesis enables the safe handling of diazoalkanes at elevated temperatures, and the use of aryl alkyne dipolarphiles under catalyst free conditions. This assembly line synthesis provides a flexible approach for the synthesis of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, as demonstrated by a four-step, telescoped synthesis of measles therapeutic, AS-136A, in a total residence time of 31.7 min (1.76 g h-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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33
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Britton J, Jamison TF. A Unified Continuous Flow Assembly-Line Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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34
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Rackl D, Yoo CJ, Jones CW, Davies HML. Synthesis of Donor/Acceptor-Substituted Diazo Compounds in Flow and Their Application in Enantioselective Dirhodium-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation and C–H Functionalization. Org Lett 2017; 19:3055-3058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rackl
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Chun-Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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