1
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Ohmatsu K, Morita Y, Kiyokawa M, Ooi T. Catalytic Asymmetric Cyanoalkylation of Electron-Deficient Olefins with Potassium Cyanide and Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11218-11224. [PMID: 34270904 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective cyanoalkylation of electron-deficient olefins with potassium cyanide and alkyl halides was developed based on the utilization of modular chiral 1,2,3-triazolium salts featuring a hydrogen bond-donor ability as catalysts. The reaction involving multiple carbon-carbon bond formations proceeds via the enantioselective conjugate addition of a cyanide ion and the consecutive catalyst-controlled diastereoselective alkylation of intermediary chiral triazolium enolates. Control experiments revealed that the use of a properly tuned chiral triazolium ion as a catalyst and the presence of the cyano functionality in the intermediary enolate are of crucial importance for achieving high levels of acyclic absolute and relative stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Ohmatsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mari Kiyokawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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2
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Emmetiere F, Ratnayake R, Schares HAM, Jones KFM, Bevan-Smith E, Luesch H, Harki DA, Grenning AJ. Function-Oriented and Modular (+/-)-cis-Pseudoguaianolide Synthesis: Discovery of New Nrf2 Activators and NF-κB Inhibitors. Chemistry 2021; 27:5564-5571. [PMID: 33502811 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a function-oriented synthesis route and biological evaluation of pseudoguaianolide analogues. The 10-step synthetic route developed retains the topological complexity of the natural product, installs functional handles for late-stage diversification, and forges the key bioactive Michael acceptors early in the synthesis. The analogues were found to be low-micromolar Nrf2 activators and micromolar NF-κB inhibitors and dependent on the local environment of the Michael acceptor moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Emmetiere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Henry A M Schares
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Katherine F M Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Emily Bevan-Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Daniel A Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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3
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Fereyduni E, Lahtigui O, Sanders JN, Tomiczek BM, Mannchen MD, Yu RA, Houk KN, Grenning AJ. Overcoming Kinetic and Thermodynamic Challenges of Classic Cope Rearrangements. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2632-2643. [PMID: 33476142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systematic evaluation of 1,5-dienes bearing 3,3-electron-withdrawing groups and 4-methylation results in the discovery of a Cope rearrangement for Meldrum's acid-containing substrates that have unexpectedly favorable kinetic and thermodynamic profiles. The protocol is quite general due to a concise and convergent synthesis from abundant starting materials. Furthermore, products with an embedded Meldrum's acid moiety are prepared, which, in turn, can yield complex amides under neutral conditions. We have now expanded the scope of the reductive Cope rearrangement, which, via chemoselective reduction, can promote thermodynamically unfavorable [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangements of 3,3-dicyano-1,5-dienes to form reduced Cope rearrangement products. The Cope rearrangement is found to be stereospecific and can yield enantioenriched building blocks when chiral, nonracemic 1,3-disubstituted allylic electrophiles are utilized. We expand further the use of Cope rearrangements for the synthesis of highly valuable building blocks for complex- and drug-like molecular synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fereyduni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ouidad Lahtigui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jacob N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Breanna M Tomiczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Michael D Mannchen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Roland A Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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4
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Yamaguchi A, Inuki S, Tokimizu Y, Oishi S, Ohno H. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Anilines with Diynes: Controllable Formation of Eight-Membered Ring-Fused Indoles and Propellane-Type Indolines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2543-2559. [PMID: 31913037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycle-fused indoles or indolines are distributed widely in a variety of natural products, bioactive agents, and pharmaceuticals. Herein, we describe the development of gold-catalyzed cascade reactions of anilines with diynes to form eight-membered ring-fused indoles and propellane-type indolines, both of which proceed through an intramolecular 5-endo-dig hydroamination followed by an 8-endo-dig cycloisomerization. Controllable formation of eight-membered ring-fused indoles and propellane-type indolines was achieved through selection of the ligands and/or solvents. Protic solvents such as alcohols or IPr ligand favored the formation of eight-membered ring-fused indoles, whereas the use of Buchwald's type ligands and/or nonpolar solvents gave propellane-type indoline predominantly. This reaction provides rapid access to two types of fused nitrogen heterocycles from simple aniline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuta Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Tokimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
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Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans via Thermally Reactive 1,5-Diene- tert-butyl Carbonates. Org Lett 2020; 22:842-847. [PMID: 31951142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report that 3,3-dicyano-1,5-dienes bearing tert-butyl carbonates can be thermally converted to 2,3,4-trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans. The transformation relies on two thermally reactive functional groups, a 1,5-diene and a tert-butyl carbonate, that react cooperatively to yield the furan scaffolds by thermal Cope rearrangement, Boc deprotection, and oxy-Michael addition. Described herein is background related to the discovery, optimization, and scope of the key transformation and representative functional group interconversion chemistry for the tetrahydrofuran scaffolds.
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6
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Vertesaljai P, Serrano R, Mannchen MD, Williams M, Semenova E, Grenning AJ. Promoting Thermodynamically Unfavorable [3,3] Rearrangements by Chemoselective Reduction. Org Lett 2019; 21:5704-5707. [PMID: 31265314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein described is a strategy for promoting thermodynamically unfavorable [3,3] Cope rearrangements. 3,3-Dicyano-1,5-dienes that are resistant to the thermal rearrangement can be promoted under reductive conditions. The reduced Cope products are versatile, bifunctional building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vertesaljai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Roberto Serrano
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Michael D Mannchen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Matthew Williams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Evgeniya Semenova
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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7
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Fereyduni E, Sanders JN, Gonzalez G, Houk KN, Grenning AJ. Transient [3,3] Cope rearrangement of 3,3-dicyano-1,5-dienes: computational analysis and 2-step synthesis of arylcycloheptanes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8760-8764. [PMID: 30627397 PMCID: PMC6295866 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and modular route to arylcycloheptene scaffolds is reported. The two-step route from Knoevenagel adducts and allylic electrophiles is made possible through the design of a Cope rearrangement that utilizes a "traceless" activating group to promote an otherwise thermodynamically unfavorable transformation. Experimentally, the [3,3] rearrangement occurrs transiently at room temperature with a computed barrier of 19.5 kcal mol-1, which ultimately allows for three-component bis-allylation. Ring-closing metathesis delivers the arylcycloheptane and removes the activating group. This report describes the design and optimization of the methodology, scope and mechanistic studies, and computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fereyduni
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - Jacob N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California - Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569 , Los Angeles , CA 90095-1569 , USA .
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California - Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569 , Los Angeles , CA 90095-1569 , USA .
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
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8
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Scott SK, Sanders JN, White KE, Yu RA, Houk KN, Grenning AJ. Controlling, Understanding, and Redirecting the Thermal Rearrangement of 3,3-Dicyano-1,5-enynes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16134-16139. [PMID: 30379070 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermal [3,3] rearrangement of 3,3-dicyano-1,5-enynes to γ-allenyl alkylidenemalononitriles (the "enyne Cope rearrangement") has largely eluded synthetic value as the desired products, too, are thermally reactive and ultimately yield 6π electrocyclization products. Herein, we describe experimental and computational studies related to the thermal rearrangement of 1,5-enynes, structural features to halt the thermal rearrangement at the allene stage, and a reductive variant for preparing bifunctional allenyl malononitriles. We also describe various ways that the bifunctional building blocks can be manipulated and converted to cyclic and acyclic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Scott
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Jacob N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California-Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Box 951569, Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Katherine E White
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Roland A Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California-Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Box 951569, Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California-Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Box 951569, Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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9
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Navaratne PV, Grenning AJ. Tetrahydrobenzochromene Synthesis Enabled by a Deconjugative Alkylation/Tsuji-Saegusa-Ito Oxidation on Knoevenagel Adducts. Org Lett 2018; 20:4566-4570. [PMID: 30009612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A modular and practical route to versatile cyano-1,3-dienes by a sequence involving deconjugative alkylation and "Tsuji-Saegusa-Ito oxidation" is reported. In this letter, the versatility of the products is also explored, including a route to benzochromene scaffolds common to many natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primali V Navaratne
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
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10
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Vertesaljai P, Ghiviriga I, Grenning AJ. Complex Hydroindoles by an Intramolecular Nitrile-Intercepted Allylic Alkylation Cascade Reaction. Org Lett 2018; 20:1970-1973. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vertesaljai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alexander J. Grenning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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11
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Robinson EE, Thomson RJ. A Strategy for the Convergent and Stereoselective Assembly of Polycyclic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1956-1965. [PMID: 29309727 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective oxidative coupling of cyclic ketones via silyl bis-enol ethers followed by ring-closing metathesis is shown to be a general and powerful reaction sequence for the preparation of diverse polycyclic scaffolds from simple precursors. The modular strategy successfully constructs substructures prevalent in numerous bioactive natural product families, varying in substitution and carbocyclic composition. Several of the prepared compounds were shown to possess potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell lines. The utility of this strategy was further demonstrated by a concise and highly convergent 17-step formal synthesis of the complex antimalarial marine diterpene, (+)-7,20-diisocyanoadociane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Fereyduni E, Grenning AJ. Factors Governing and Application of the Cope Rearrangement of 3,3-Dicyano-1,5-dienes and Related Studies. Org Lett 2017; 19:4130-4133. [PMID: 28723219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cope and co-workers reported the [3,3] rearrangement of 3,3-dicyano-1,5-dienes in the early 1940s ("The Cope rearrangement"). However, these original substrates have remained largely unstudied until recently. Herein we explore styrene-deconjugating Cope rearrangements, a diastereoselective Cope rearrangement/deconjugative α-allylation sequence, and factors governing α- vs γ-allylation regioselectivity of Knoevenagel adduct allyl anions. Ultimately, these studies result in the synthesis of diverse and functionally dense polycycloalkane frameworks from abundant reagents using simple chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fereyduni
- University of Florida , Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- University of Florida , Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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