1
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Hu J, Xing X, Wang X. A Coppoborylene Stabilized by Multicenter Covalent Bonding and Its Amphoteric Reactivity to CO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403755. [PMID: 38797711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A cationic copper-stabilized coppoborylene was prepared and structurally characterized via infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. This structure exemplifies a new class of borylenes stabilized by three-center-two-electron metal-boron-metal covalent bonding interaction, displaying exceptional σ-acidity and unparalleled π-donor capability for CO activation that outperforms all of the known transition metal cations and is comparable or even superior to the documented base-trapped borylenes. Its neutral form represents a monovalent boron compound with a strongly reactive amphoteric boron center built on transition-metal-boron bonds, which inspires the design and synthesis of new members of the borylene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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2
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Liu Z, Zhao J, Yang Y, Yan Y, Yao X, Jiao J, Zhang F, Jia J, Li Y. Heterodinuclear AuNi(CO) n- ( n = 2-3) Complexes Featuring an Anionic Au - as a Donor Ligand for Ni(CO) n. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6917-6926. [PMID: 39133664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The gas-phase heterodinuclear gold-nickel carbonyl AuNi(CO)n- (n = 2-3) anion complexes were mass-selected and studied by using photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy in combination with quantum-chemical calculations, which can establish both the geometries and electronic structures of these anions. These complexes are all confirmed to be singlet ground states with one gold atom bonded at the central nickel atom of the Ni(CO)n moieties. Further bonding analyses indicate that unlike the alkali-metals as covalently bonded ligands to form the electron-sharing alkali-metal-nickel bonding in the alkali-metal-nickel carbonyl anionic complexes, the Au atom in the AuNi(CO)n- complexes serves as a datively bound ligand for Ni(CO)n to form gold-to-nickel dative bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Liu
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikang Zhao
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Yao
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Jiao
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
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3
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Hu J, Xing X, Wang X. Formation of Delocalized Linear M-B-M Covalent Bonds: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of BM 2(CO) 8+ (M = Co, Rh, Ir) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13459-13467. [PMID: 38982873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Investigations of transition-metal boride clusters not only lead to novel structures but also provide important information about the metal-boron bonds that are critical to understanding the properties of boride materials. The geometric structures and bonding features of heteronuclear boron-containing transition metal carbonyl cluster cations BM(CO)6+ and BM2(CO)8+ (M = Co, Rh, and Ir) are studied by a combination of the infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional calculations at B3LYP/def2-TZVP level. The completely coordinated BM2(CO)8+ complexes are characterized as a sandwich structure composed of two staggered M(CO)4 fragments and a boron cation, featuring a D3d symmetry and 1Eg electronic ground state as well as metal-anchored carbonyls in an end-on manner. In conjunction with theoretical calculations, multifold metal-boron-metal bonding interactions in BM2(CO)8+ complexes involving the filled d orbitals of the metals and the empty p orbitals of the boron cation were unveiled, namely, one σ-type M-B-M bond and two π-type M-B-M bonds. Accordingly, the BM2(CO)8+ complexes can be described as a linear conjugated (OC)4M═B═M(CO)4 skeleton with a formal B-M bond index of 1.5. The three delocalized d-p-d covalent bonds render compensation for the electron deficiency of the cationic boron center and endow both metal centers with the favorable 18-electron structure, thus contributing much to the overall structural stability of the BM2(CO)8+ cations. As a comparison, the saturated BRh(CO)6+ and BIr(CO)6+ complexes are determined to be a doublet Cs-symmetry structure with an unbridged (OC)2B-M(CO)4 pattern, involving a two-center σ-type (OC)2B → M(CO)4+ dative single bond along with a weak covalent B-M half bond. This work offers important insight into the structure and bonding of late transition metal boride carbonyl cluster cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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4
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Zhang Z, Ling Z, Ju B, Li G, Yuan Q, Cheng L, Xie H, Jiang L. Observation of the Transition from Triple Bonds to Single Bonds between Ru-Ge Bonding in RuGeO(CO) n- ( n = 3-5). J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6952-6957. [PMID: 38940497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the observation and characterization of heterobinuclear transition-metal main-group metal oxide carbonyl complex anions, RuGeO(CO)n- (n = 3-5), by combining mass-selected photoelectron velocity map imaging spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations. The experimentally determined vertical electron detachment energy of RuGeO(CO)3- surpasses those of RuGeO(CO)4- and RuGeO(CO)5-, which is attributed to distinctive bonding features. RuGeO(CO)3- manifests one covalent σ and two Ru-to-Ge dative π bonds, contrasting with the sole covalent σ bond present in RuGeO(CO)4- and RuGeO(CO)5-. Unpaired spin density distribution analysis reveals a 17-electron configuration at the Ru center in RuGeO(CO)3- and an 18-electron configuration in RuGeO(CO)4- and RuGeO(CO)5-. This work closes a gap in the quantitative physicochemical characterization of heteronuclear oxide carbonyl complexes, enhancing our insights into catalytic processes of CO/GeO on the metal surface at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zicheng Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Bangmin Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qinqin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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5
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Hu J, Wang X. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Dinuclear Vanadium-Group Metal Carbonyl Complexes: Diatomic Synergistic Activation of Carbon Monoxide. Molecules 2024; 29:2831. [PMID: 38930895 PMCID: PMC11206424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The geometric structure and bonding features of dinuclear vanadium-group transition metal carbonyl cation complexes in the form of VM(CO)n+ (n = 9-11, M = V, Nb, and Ta) are studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with density functional calculations. The homodinuclear V2(CO)9+ is characterized as a quartet structure with CS symmetry, featuring two side-on bridging carbonyls and an end-on semi-bridging carbonyl. In contrast, for the heterodinuclear VNb(CO)9+ and VTa(CO)9+, a C2V sextet isomer with a linear bridging carbonyl is determined to coexist with the lower-lying CS structure analogous to V2(CO)9+. Bonding analyses manifest that the detected VM(CO)9+ complexes featuring an (OC)6M-V(CO)3 pattern can be regarded as the reaction products of two stable metal carbonyl fragments, and indicate the presence of the M-V d-d covalent interaction in the CS structure of VM(CO)9+. In addition, it is demonstrated that the significant activation of the bridging carbonyls in the VM(CO)9+ complexes is due in large part to the diatomic cooperation of M-V, where the strong oxophilicity of vanadium is crucial to facilitate its binding to the oxygen end of the carbonyl groups. The results offer important insight into the structure and bonding of dinuclear vanadium-containing transition metal carbonyl cluster cations and provide inspiration for the design of active vanadium-based diatomic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
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6
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Li WL, Burkhardt J. AnB 8-: borozene complexes with monovalent actinide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16091-16095. [PMID: 38780310 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01646g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In light of recently reported monovalent lanthanide in borozene complexes LnB8- (Ln = La, Pr, Tb, Tm, Yb), the corresponding AnB8- (An = Ac, Pa, Bk, Md, No) actinide species within the same group were theoretically investigated in respect of oxidation state, stability, electronic structure and chemical bonding pattern. Our investigations reveal the feasibility of actinides, especially for the late actinide borozene compounds (BkB8-, MdB8-, NoB8-) adopting a monovalent oxidation state of +I, a phenomenon fine-tuned by the doubly aromatic borozene B82-. Early actinides (AcB8-, PaB8-) however exhibit a tendency towards higher trivalent oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lu Li
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jordan Burkhardt
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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7
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Sheng W, Rajeshkumar T, Zhao Y, Maron L, Zhu C. Electronic Delocalization and σ-Aromaticity in Heterometallic Cluster with Multiple Thorium-Palladium Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12790-12798. [PMID: 38684067 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Research on metal-metal bonds involving f-block actinides, such as thorium, lags far behind the well-studied metal-metal bonds of d-block transition metals. The complexes with Th-TM bonds are extremely rare; all previously identified examples have only a single Th-TM bond with the Th center at an invariably +IV oxidation state. Herein, we report a series of Th2Pdn (n = 2, 3, and 6) clusters (complexes 3, 4, and 7) with multiple Th(III)-Pd bonds. Theoretical studies reveal that the Th2Pdn unit allows electronic delocalization and σ aromaticity, leading to unexpected closed-shell singlet structures for these Th(III) species. This electronic delocalization is evident in the highest occupied molecular orbital of Th(III) complexes and facilitates a 2e reduction of alkyne by complex 7, resulting in the formation of 8. Complexes 7 and 8 are distinctive in featuring a Th2Pd6 core with six and eight Th-Pd bonds, respectively, making them the largest known d-f heterometallic clusters exhibiting metal-metal bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Du J, Dollberg K, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, von Hänisch C, Liddle ST. Thorium(IV)-antimony complexes exhibiting single, double, and triple polar covalent metal-metal bonds. Nat Chem 2024; 16:780-790. [PMID: 38378948 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
There is continued burgeoning interest in metal-metal multiple bonding to further our understanding of chemical bonding across the periodic table. However, although polar covalent metal-metal multiple bonding is well known for the d and p blocks, it is relatively underdeveloped for actinides. Homometallic examples are found in spectroscopic or fullerene-confined species, and heterometallic variants exhibiting a polar covalent σ bond supplemented by up to two dative π bonds are more prevalent. Hence, securing polar covalent actinide double and triple metal-metal bonds under normal experimental conditions has been a fundamental target. Here we exploit the protonolysis and dehydrocoupling chemistry of the parent dihydrogen-antimonide anion, to report one-, two- and three-fold thorium-antimony bonds, thus introducing polar covalent actinide-metal multiple bonding under normal experimental conditions between some of the heaviest ions in the periodic table with little or no bulky-substituent protection at the antimony centre. This provides fundamental insights into heavy element multiple bonding, in particular the tension between orbital-energy-driven and overlap-driven covalency for the actinides in a relativistic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kevin Dollberg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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9
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Xu L, Zhao XK, Cao H, Hu HS, Li J, Chen J, Xu C. Complexation of Hexavalent Neptunium(VI) with Oxydiacetic Acid and Its Amide Derivatives in Aqueous Solution: Spectrophotometry and DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6173-6183. [PMID: 38530927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Unfolding the solution coordination chemistry of high-valent transuranium elements with the "CHON"-type ligands is important to understand the fundamental chemistry of actinides and to design more efficient extractants for partitioning of transuranium elements in advanced nuclear fuel cycles. Here, the complexation of a hexavalent neptunyl ion (NpO22+ or Np(VI)) with oxydiacetic acid (ODA) has been systematically investigated in comparison with its amide analogues N,N-dimethyl-3-oxa-glutaramic acid (DMOGA) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-3-oxa-glutaramide (TMOGA) both experimentally and computationally. The formation of both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes between Np(VI) and the three ligands was identified by spectrophotometry, and their stability constants were obtained and compared with those of hexavalent U(VI) and Pu(VI). The corresponding bonding nature is elucidated by using energy decomposition analysis (EDA), electrostatic potential (ESP), ELF contours, and natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) methods, which shows that the Np-O bonds are essentially ionic in character and the unoccupied 6d orbitals of Np play a key role in enhancing the covalent interactions between Np(VI) and the three ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Chi C, Yang Z, Zeng B, Qin Q, Meng L. Spectroscopic characterization of heteronuclear iron-chromium carbonyl cluster anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32173-32183. [PMID: 37986618 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04248k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy has been used to investigate CrFe(CO)n- (n = 4-9) clusters in the gas phase. Comparison of the observed spectra in the carbonyl stretching frequency region with those predicted for low-lying isomers by DFT calculations showed that the observed CrFe(CO)n- (n = 4-8) clusters could be characterized to have Cr-Fe bonded (OC)4Fe-Cr(CO)n-4 structures. The coexistence of isomers with the (OC)Fe-Cr(CO)5 and (OC)3Fe-Cr(CO)4 structures was also observed for CrFe(CO)6- and CrFe(CO)7- anions, respectively. The CrFe(CO)n- (n = 4-8) complexes were strongly bonded systems. The CrFe(CO)8- complex was a coordination-saturated cluster, and the CrFe(CO)9- anion was characterized to contain a CrFe(CO)8- core tagged by one CO molecule. Bonding analysis revealed that the Cr-Fe bonds in the CrFe(CO)n- (n = 4-8) clusters were predominantly σ-type single bonds. The iron center in the Fe(CO)4 moiety and the chromium center in the Cr(CO)5 moiety fulfilled the 18-electron configuration for the CrFe(CO)n- (n = 4-6) clusters. As in the CrFe(CO)n- (n = 7, 8) complexes, the iron center in the Fe(CO)4 moiety exhibited a 17-electron configuration, while the chromium center in the Cr(CO)4 moiety exhibited a 16-electron configuration. These findings provide valuable insights into the structure and bonding mechanism of heterometallic carbonyl clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxian Chi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China.
| | - Zhixiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China.
| | - Bin Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China.
| | - Qifeng Qin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China.
| | - Luyan Meng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
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11
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Ariyarathna IR, Cho Y, Duan C, Kulik HJ. Gas-phase and solid-state electronic structure analysis and DFT benchmarking of HfCO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26632-26639. [PMID: 37767841 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) and coupled cluster singles doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] levels of theory were used to study ground and excited electronic states of HfCO. We report potential energy curves, dissociation energies (De), excitation energies, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and chemical bonding patterns of HfCO. The 3Σ- ground state of HfCO has an 1σ22σ21π2 electron configuration and a ∼30 kcal mol-1 dissociation energy with respect to its lowest-energy fragments Hf(3F) + CO(X1Σ+). We further evaluated the De of its isovalent HfCX (X = S, Se, Te, Po) series and observed that they increase linearly from the lighter HfCO to the heavier HfCPo with the dipole moment of the CX ligand. The same linear relationship was observed for TiCX and ZrCX. We utilized the CCSD(T) benchmark values of De, excitation energy, and ionization energy (IE) values to evaluate density functional theory (DFT) errors with 23 exchange-correlation functionals spanning GGA, meta-GGA, global GGA hybrid, meta-GGA hybrid, range-separated hybrid, and double-hybrid functional families. The global GGA hybrid B3LYP and range-separated hybrid ωB97X performed well at representing the ground state properties of HfCO (i.e., De and IE). Finally, we extended our DFT analysis to the interaction of a CO molecule with a Hf surface and observed that the surface chemisorption energy and the gas-phase molecular dissociation energy are very similar for some DFAs but not others, suggesting moderate transferability of the benchmarks on these molecules to the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yeongsu Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Chenru Duan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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12
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Harris RM, Zhu Z, Tufekci BA, Deepika, Jena P, Peterson KA, Bowen KH. Electronic Structure and Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Uranium-Gold Clusters UAu n-, n = 3-7. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7186-7197. [PMID: 37590893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A collaborative effort between experiment and theory toward elucidating the electronic and molecular structures of uranium-gold clusters is presented. Anion photoelectron spectra of UAun-(n = 3-7) were taken at the third (355 nm) and fourth (266 nm) harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser, as well as excimer (ArF 193 nm) photon energies, where the experimental adiabatic electron affinities and vertical detachment energies values were measured. Complementary first-principles calculations were subsequently carried out to corroborate experimentally determined electron detachment energies and to determine the geometry and electronic structure for each cluster. Except for the ring-like neutral isomer of UAu6 where one unpaired electron is spread over the Au atoms, all other neutral and anionic UAun clusters (n = 3-7) were calculated to possess open-shell electrons with the unpaired electrons localized on the central U atom. The smaller clusters closely resemble the analogous UFn species, but significant deviations are seen starting with UAu5 where a competition between U-Au and Au-Au bonding begins to become apparent. The UAu6 system appears to mark a transition where Au-Au interactions begin to dominate, where both a ring-like and two heavily distorted octahedral structures around the central U atom are calculated to be nearly isoenergetic. With UAu7, only ring-like structures are calculated. Overall, the calculated electron detachment energies are in good agreement with the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Burak A Tufekci
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Deepika
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Purusottam Jena
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Kirk A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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13
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Fielicke A. Probing the binding and activation of small molecules by gas-phase transition metal clusters via IR spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37162518 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Isolated transition metal clusters have been established as useful models for extended metal surfaces or deposited metal particles, to improve the understanding of their surface chemistry and of catalytic reactions. For this objective, an important milestone has been the development of experimental methods for the size-specific structural characterization of clusters and cluster complexes in the gas phase. This review focusses on the characterization of molecular ligands, their binding and activation by small transition metal clusters, using cluster-size specific infrared action spectroscopy. A comprehensive overview and a critical discussion of the experimental data available to date is provided, reaching from the initial results obtained using line-tuneable CO2 lasers to present-day studies applying infrared free electron lasers as well as other intense and broadly tuneable IR laser sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Hu SX, Zhang P, Cao LZ, Zou WL, Zhang P. XPu(CO) n (X = B, Al, Ga; n = 2 to 4): π Back-Bonding in Heterodinuclear Plutonium Boron Group Compounds with an End-On Carbonyl Ligand. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1233-1243. [PMID: 36710620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The bonding situation and the oxidation state of plutonium in heterodinuclear plutonium boron group carbonyl compounds XPu(CO)n (X = B, Al, Ga; n = 2 to 4) were investigated by systematically searching their ground-state geometrical structures and by analyzing their electronic structures. We found that the series of XPu(CO)n compounds show various interesting structures with an increment in n as well as a changeover from X = B to Ga. The first ethylene dione (OCCO) compounds of plutonium are found in AlPu(CO)n (n = 2, 3). A direct Ga-Pu single bond is first predicted in the series of GaPu(CO)n, where the bonding pattern represents a class of the Pu → CO π back-bonding system. There is a trend where the Pu-Ga bonding decreases and the Pu-C(O) covalency increases as the Ga oxidation state increases from Ga(0) to Ga(I). Our finding extends the metal → CO covalence back-bonding concept to plutonium systems and also enriches plutonium-containing bonding chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Cao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wen-Li Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
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15
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Sunaga A, Tabata C, Yamamura T. Linearity and Chemical Bond of UO 22+ Revisited: A Comparison Study with UN 2 and UE 22+ (E = S, Se, and Te) Based on Relativistic Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8606-8617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaki Sunaga
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tabata
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Tomoo Yamamura
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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16
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Barluzzi L, Giblin SR, Mansikkamäki A, Layfield RA. Identification of Oxidation State +1 in a Molecular Uranium Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18229-18233. [PMID: 36169550 PMCID: PMC9562434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The concept of oxidation state plays a fundamentally
important
role in defining the chemistry of the elements. In the f block of
the periodic table, well-known oxidation states in compounds of the
lanthanides include 0, +2, +3 and +4, and oxidation states for the
actinides range from +7 to +2. Oxidation state +1 is conspicuous by
its absence from the f-block elements. Here we show that the uranium(II)
metallocene [U(η5-C5iPr5)2] and the uranium(III) metallocene
[IU(η5-C5iPr5)2] can be reduced by potassium graphite
in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand to the uranium(I) metallocene [U(η5-C5iPr5)2]− (1) (C5iPr5 = pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl)
as the salt of [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]+. An X-ray crystallographic
study revealed that 1 has a bent metallocene structure,
and theoretical studies and magnetic measurements confirmed that the
electronic ground state of uranium(I) adopts a 5f3(7s/6dz2)1(6dx2–y2/6dxy)1 configuration. The
metal–ligand bonding in 1 consists of contributions
from uranium 5f, 6d, and 7s orbitals, with the 6d orbitals engaging
in weak but non-negligible covalent interactions. Identification of
the oxidation state +1 for uranium expands the range of isolable oxidation
states for the f-block elements and potentially signposts a synthetic
route to this elusive species for other actinides and the lanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9JQ, U.K
| | - Sean R Giblin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- NMR Research Group, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9JQ, U.K
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17
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Fang W, Zhu Q, Zhu C. Recent advances in heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds: synthesis, reactivity and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8434-8449. [PMID: 36164971 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the heterometallic synergistic effects from different metals, heterometallic clusters are of great importance in small-molecule activation and catalysis. For example, both biological nitrogen fixation and photosynthetic splitting of water into oxygen are thought to involve multimetallic catalytic sites with d-block transition metals. Benefitting from the larger coordination numbers of f-block metals (rare-earth metals and actinide elements), heterometallic clusters containing f-block metal-metal bonds have long attracted the interest of both experimental and theoretical chemists. Therefore, a series of effective strategies or platforms have been developed in recent years for the construction of heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds. More importantly, synergistic effects between f-block metals and transition metals have been observed in small-molecule activation and catalysis. This tutorial review highlights the recent advances in the construction of heterometallic molecular clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also their reactivities and applications. It is hoped that this tutorial review will persuade chemists to develop more efficient strategies to construct clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also further expand their applications with heterometallic synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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18
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Uranyl Analogue Complexes—Current Progress and Synthetic Challenges. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10080121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uranyl ions, {UO2}n+ (n = 1, 2), display trans, strongly covalent, and chemically robust U-O multiple bonds, where 6d, 5f, and 6p orbitals play important roles. The synthesis of isoelectronic analogues of uranyl has been of interest for quite some time, mainly with the purpose of unveiling covalence and 5f-orbital participation in bonding. Significant advances have occurred in the last two decades, initially marked by the synthesis of uranium(VI) bis(imido) complexes, the first analogues with a {RNUNR}2+ core, later followed by the synthesis of unique trans-{EUO}2+ (E = S, Se) complexes, and recently highlighted by the synthesis of the first complexes featuring a linear {NUN} moiety. This review covers the synthesis, structure, bonding, and reactivity of uranium complexes containing a linear {EUE}n+ core (n = 0, 1, 2), isoelectronic to uranyl ions, {OUO}n+ (n = 1, 2), incorporating σ- and π-donating ligands that can engage in uranium–ligand multiple bonding, where oxygen may be replaced by heavier chalcogenido, imido, nitride, and carbene ligands, or by a transition metal. It focuses on synthetic methods of well-defined molecular uranium species in the condensed phase but also references gas-phase and low-temperature-matrix experiments, as well as computational studies that may lead to valuable insights.
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19
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Chi XW, Wu QY, Wang CZ, Yu JP, Liu K, Chi RA, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. A Theoretical Study of Unsupported Uranium–Ruthenium Bonds Based on Tripodal Ligands. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wang Chi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Resource & Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong-Zhi Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Pan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru-An Chi
- School of Resource & Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Zhu Q, Fang W, Maron L, Zhu C. Heterometallic Clusters with Uranium-Metal Bonds Supported by Double-Layer Nitrogen-Phosphorus Ligands. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1718-1730. [PMID: 35617335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusHeterometallic clusters with M-M bonds have significantly interested chemists because of their attractive structures and synergistic effects in small-molecule activation and catalysis. However, reports of the isolation of heterometallic clusters with uranium-transition metal (U-TM) bonds remain very limited. In this Account, we describe our research in the construction of heterometallic molecular clusters with multiple U-TM single or multiple bonds supported by novel double-layer N-P ligands. Multimetallic synergistic catalysis and small-molecule activation with these species are also summarized.First, according to the hard-soft acid-base theory, we employed a three-armed N-P ligand, which can be used to construct heterometallic clusters with four or six U-Ni bonds. This strategy was also effective in the construction of complexes with direct rare earth metal-TM bonding. The similar two-armed N-P ligands also are effective platforms for the synthesis of heterometallic complexes with U-Ni, U-Pd, and U-Pt bonds.Second, a set of heterometallic clusters featuring U≡Rh, U≡Co, and U≡Fe triple bonds were constructed under routine experimental conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis of these clusters exhibits the shortest U-TM bond distance (1.9693(4) Å for the U≡Fe triple bond) in these complexes. Theoretical studies reveal that the nature of the triple bond is one covalent σ bond and two TM → U dative π bonds. A large Wiberg bond index (WBI) of 2.93 and a significant degree of covalency for the U≡TM triple bonds were also found in these complexes.Third, these uranium complexes supported by the double-layer N-P ligands exhibit great potential in small-molecule activation. For instance, N2 cleavage without an external reducing agent was achieved by a U(III)-P(III) synergistic six-electron reduction. The synergism between U(III) and P(III) enables the activation of other small molecules, such as O2, P4, and As0(nano), and highlights the importance of the P atom in the double-layer N-P ligand for the activation of small molecules. A heterometallic cluster with U-Rh bonds can break the strong N≡N triple bond in N2 in the presence of potassium graphite, suggesting a synergistic effect between U and Rh. This multimetallic synergistic effect was also observed in catalytic processes. A heterometallic cluster with U≡Co triple bonds shows excellent selectivity and activity in the hydroboration of a series of alkynes under mild conditions. These results lead to effective methods for the construction of heterometallic molecular clusters with U-TM single or multiple bonds and could promote the application of heterometallic clusters with U-TM bonds in catalysis and the activation of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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21
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Selective hydroboration of terminal alkynes catalyzed by heterometallic clusters with uranium–metal triple bonds. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Hu SX, Zhang P, Zhang P. Electronic Structures and Properties of Bimetallic Plutonium Group 13 Carbonyl Compounds [XPuCO] (X = B, Al, and Ga). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18794-18803. [PMID: 34841875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bonding features of heterobimetallic complexes containing f-block elements are fundamental content in actinide chemistry. In order to account for the structural periodicity of the X-Pu carbonyls and the formation of chemical bonds between bimetallic plutonium and group 13 carbonyl compounds, we report a comprehensively quantum-chemical study of the electronic structure and properties of XPuCO (X = B, Al, and Ga). With increasing atomic radii of the group 13 elements, the XPuCO structure alternates from cyclic [PuCBO] to linear [AlCPuO] and [GaCPuO]. The bonding analysis indicates that the donor-acceptor model is the best description for bonding interactions of metal and ligands with different donation patterns of CBO → Pu and XC → PuO (X = Al and Ga). The apparent XC ← PuO backdonation increases the C-Pu bond strength markedly and stabilizes the linear geometry of [AlCPuO] and [GaCPuO], while spin-orbit coupling is found to be significant in the stabilization of [PuCBO]. The ground electron configurations and natural orbital analysis indicate that cyclic [PuCBO] and linear [XCPuO] (X = Al and Ga) are considered as complexes of Pu(III) and Pu(V), respectively. The trend presents a valuable insight for the 5f/6d-np bonding interactions, especially for the fundamental understanding of transuranic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
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23
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Feng R, Glendening ED, Peterson KA. Coupled Cluster Studies of Platinum-Actinide Interactions. Thermochemistry of PtAnO n+ ( n = 0-2 and An = U, Np, Pu). J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5335-5345. [PMID: 34114457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate Pt-An bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) for PtAnOn+ (An = U, Np, Pu and n = 0-2) and the corresponding enthalpies for the Pt + OAnOn+ substitution reactions have been studied for the first time using an accurate composite coupled cluster approach. Analogous O-AnOn+ bond dissociation enthalpies are also presented. To make the study possible, new correlation consistent basis sets optimized using the all-electron third-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH3) scalar relativistic Hamiltonian are developed and reported for Pt and Au, with accompanying benchmark calculations of their atomic ionization potentials to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new basis sets. For the charged PtAnOn+ species (n = 1, 2), a low-spin state (LSS) for which the Pt-An σ bond is doubly occupied is studied together with a high-spin state (HSS) obtained by unpairing the σ bond orbital and placing one electron into the An 5f shell. The relative energies of the two spin states have been compared and qualitatively assessed via natural population and natural bond analyses. The enthalpies for the Pt substitution reactions, i.e., Pt + OAnOn+ → PtAnOn+ + O, are calculated to range from about 14-62 kcal/mol, and the Pt-AnOn+ bond dissociation enthalpies range from about 78-149 kcal/mol for the ground electronic states. For the PtAnO+ species, the LSSs were all predicted to be the ground state, whereas the PtAnO2+ molecules all favored the HSSs. The prediction for PtUO2+ is consistent with previous theoretical findings. The natural bond orbital analyses indicate a triple bond between An and O, with a double to quadruple bond between the An and Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Eric D Glendening
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809, United States
| | - Kirk A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
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24
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Meng L, Liu S, Qin Q, Zeng B, Luo Z, Chi C. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of heteronuclear group 15 metal-iron carbonyl cluster anions A mFe(CO) n- (A = Sb, Bi; m, n = 2, 3). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12668-12678. [PMID: 34036991 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear group 15 metal-iron carbonyl cluster complexes of AmFe(CO)n- (A = Sb, Bi; m, n = 2-3) were generated in the gas phase and studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching region. Their structures were determined by comparing the experimental spectra with predicted spectra derived from DFT calculations at the B3LYP and BP86 levels. All of the AmFe(CO)n- cluster anions were determined to have Fe(CO)n- fragments with all of the CO ligands terminally bonded to the iron center, and they can be regarded as being formed via the interactions of the neutral group 15 metal clusters with the Fe(CO)n- fragments. Bonding analyses indicated that each A2Fe(CO)n- (n = 2, 3) cluster anion contained two A-Fe single bonds and one A-A double bond. Each A3Fe(CO)n- (n = 2, 3) cluster anion involved three A-Fe single bonds and three A-A single bonds. There is an isolobal relationship between the Fe(CO)3- group and the group 15 atoms. The substitution of an Fe(CO)3- group in place of one A atom in the tetrahedral A4 molecule resulted in an A3Fe(CO)3- cluster anion with the closed-shell electronic configuration for all the group 15 metals and iron atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Meng
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
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25
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Ward RJ, Pividori D, Carpentier A, Tarlton ML, Kelley SP, Maron L, Meyer K, Walensky JR. Isolation of a [Fe(CO)4]2–-Bridged Diuranium Complex Obtained via Reduction of Fe(CO)5 with Uranium(III). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Daniel Pividori
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- Université de Toulouse and CNRS, INSA, UPS, CNRS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Michael L. Tarlton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse and CNRS, INSA, UPS, CNRS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justin R. Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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26
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Xu XC, Zhao XK, Hu HS. Ligands enhanced the Ac[triple bond, length as m-dash]Ac triple bond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10244-10250. [PMID: 33885071 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The multiple bonds between actinide atoms and their derivatives are computationally investigated extensively and compounds with an unsupported actinide-actinide bond, especially in low oxidation states, have attracted great attention. Herein, high level relativistic quantum chemical methods are used to probe the Ac-Ac bonding in compounds with a general formula LAcAcL (L = AsH3, PH3, NH3, H, CO, NO) at both scalar and spin-orbit coupling relativistic levels. H3AsAcAcAsH3, H3PAcAcPH3 and OCAcAcCO compounds show a type of zero valence Ac[triple bond, length as m-dash]Ac triple bond with a 1σ2g1π4u configuration, and H3AsAcAcAsH3 has been found to have the shortest Ac-Ac bond length of 3.012 Å reported so far. The Ac2 unit is very sensitive to the σ donor ligands and can form triple, double and even single bonds when suitable ligands are introduced, up to 3.652 Å with an Ac-Ac single bond in H3NAcAcNH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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27
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Maity I, Dev D, Basu K, Wagner N, Ashkenasy G. Signaling in Systems Chemistry: Programing Gold Nanoparticles Formation and Assembly Using a Dynamic Bistable Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4512-4517. [PMID: 33006406 PMCID: PMC7984337 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Living cells exploit bistable and oscillatory behaviors as memory mechanisms, facilitating the integration of transient stimuli into sustained molecular responses that control downstream functions. Synthetic bistable networks have also been studied as memory entities, but have rarely been utilized to control orthogonal functions in coupled dynamic systems. We herein present a new cascade pathway, for which we have exploited a well-characterized switchable peptide-based replicating network, operating far from equilibrium, that yields two alternative steady-state outputs, which in turn serve as the input signals for consecutive processes that regulate various features of Au nanoparticle shape and assembly. This study further sheds light on how bridging together the fields of systems chemistry and nanotechnology may open up new opportunities for the dynamically controlled design of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Maity
- Department of ChemistryBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva84105Israel
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryFreiburg Institute for Advanced StudiesAlbert Ludwigs University of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany
| | - Dharm Dev
- Department of ChemistryBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva84105Israel
| | - Kingshuk Basu
- Department of ChemistryBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva84105Israel
| | - Nathaniel Wagner
- Department of ChemistryBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva84105Israel
| | - Gonen Ashkenasy
- Department of ChemistryBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva84105Israel
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28
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Xin X, Douair I, Zhao Y, Wang S, Maron L, Zhu C. Dinitrogen Cleavage by a Heterometallic Cluster Featuring Multiple Uranium–Rhodium Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15004-15011. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Xin K, Chen Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang G. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected Cu 2O 2(CO) n+ Clusters in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3859-3864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinjuan Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Luning Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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30
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31
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Feng G, McCabe KN, Wang S, Maron L, Zhu C. Construction of heterometallic clusters with multiple uranium-metal bonds by using dianionic nitrogen-phosphorus ligands. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7585-7592. [PMID: 34094135 PMCID: PMC8152682 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with the prevalent metal–metal bond in transition metals, examples of the actinide–metal bond in heterometallic clusters are rare. Herein, a series of heterometallic clusters with multiple uranium–metal bonds has been prepared based on two newly synthesized nitrogen–phosphorus ligands L1 {O[(CH2)2NHP(iPr)2]2} and L2 {[CH2O(CH2)2NHP(iPr)2]2}. Different P–P distances, 6.069 and 4.464 Å, are observed in the corresponding uranium complexes 1 {O[(CH2)2NP(iPr)2]2UCl2} and 2 {[CH2O(CH2)2NP(iPr)2]2UCl2}, respectively, and lead to the different coordination modes with transition metals. The reactions of zero-valent group 10 metal compounds with complex 1 generate heterometallic clusters (3-U2Ni2 and 4-U2Pd2) featuring four uranium–metal bonds; whereas reactions with 2 afford one-dimensional metal-chain 5-(UNi)n, bimetallic species 6-UPd, and a tri-platinum bridged diuranium molecular cluster 7-U2Pt3. Complex 5-(UNi)n represents the first infinite chain containing the U–M bond and 7-U2Pt3 is the first species with multiple U–Pt bonds. This study further highlights the important role of ligands in the construction of multiple uranium–metal bonds and may allow the synthesis of novel d–f heterometallic clusters and the investigation of their applications in catalysis and small-molecule activation. Compared with the prevalent metal–metal bond in transition metals, examples of the actinide–metal bond in heterometallic clusters are rare.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Genfeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Karl N McCabe
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier 135 Avenue de Rangueil Toulouse France
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier 135 Avenue de Rangueil Toulouse France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing China
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32
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Meng L, Liu S, Qin Q, Zeng B, Chi C. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Heteronuclear Arsenic–Iron Carbonyl Cluster Anions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1158-1166. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Meng
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Siying Liu
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Qifeng Qin
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Chaoxian Chi
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
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33
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Liu Z, Bai Y, Li Y, He J, Lin Q, Xie H, Tang Z. Unsaturated binuclear homoleptic nickel carbonyl anions Ni2(CO)n− (n = 4–6) featuring double three-center two-electron Ni–C–Ni bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23773-23784. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03883k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The two nickel atoms in the Ni2(CO)n− (n = 4–6) complexes are joined by two bridging carbonyl ligands via the sharing three-center two-electron Ni–C–Ni bond in turn to achieve the (16,16), (16,18), and eventually the favored (18,18) configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Liu
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Ya Li
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Jing He
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Qingyang Lin
- School of Chemical and Material Science
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Zichao Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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34
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Boreen MA, Arnold J. The synthesis and versatile reducing power of low-valent uranium complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15124-15138. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03151h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This synthesis and diverse reactivity of uranium(iii) and uranium(ii) complexes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Boreen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
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35
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Liu Z, Bai Y, Li Y, He J, Lin Q, Hou L, Wu HS, Zhang F, Jia J, Xie H, Tang Z. Multicenter electron-sharing σ-bonding in the AgFe(CO)4− complex. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15256-15266. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
For the AgFe(CO)4− anion, the silver atom is covalently bonded to the anionic tetracarbonyl-iron, an isolobal analogue of the methyl radical, via a peculiar decentralized electron-sharing σ bond.
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36
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Hu SX, Lu E, Liddle ST. Prediction of high bond-order metal-metal multiple-bonds in heterobimetallic 3d-4f/5f complexes [TM-M{N(o-[NCH 2P(CH 3) 2]C 6H 4) 3}] (TM = Cr, Mn, Fe; M = U, Np, Pu, and Nd). Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12867-12879. [PMID: 31389454 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03086g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite continuing and burgeoning interest in f-block complexes and their bonding chemistry in recent years, investigations of the electronic structures and oxidation states of heterobimetallic complexes, and their bonding features between transition-metals (TMs) and f-elements remain relatively less explored. Here, we report a quantum chemical computational study on the series of TM-actinide and -neodymium complexes [TMAn(L)] and [TMNd(L)] [An = U, Np, Pu; TM = Cr, Mn, Fe; L = {N(o-[NCH2P(CH3)2]C6H4)3}3-] in order to explore periodic trend, generalities and differences in the electronic structure and metal-metal bonding between f-block and d-block elements. Based on the calculations, we find up to five-fold covalent multiple bonding between actinide and transition metal ions, which is in sharp contrast with a single bond between neodymium and transition metals. From a comparative study, a general trend of strength of the An-TM interaction emerges in accordance with the atomic number of the actinide metal, which relates to the nature, energy level, and spatial arrangement of their frontier orbitals. The trend presents a valuable insight for future experimental endeavour searching for isolable complexes with strong and multiple An-TM bonding interactions, especially for the experimentally challenging transuranic elements that require targeted research due to their radioactive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. and Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Erli Lu
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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37
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Identification of a uranium-rhodium triple bond in a heterometallic cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17654-17658. [PMID: 31427529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904895116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of d-block metal-metal multiple bonds has been extensively investigated in the past 5 decades. However, the synthesis and characterization of species with f-block metal-metal multiple bonds are significantly more challenging and such species remain extremely rare. Here, we report the identification of a uranium-rhodium triple bond in a heterometallic cluster, which was synthesized under routine conditions. The uranium-rhodium triple-bond length of 2.31 Å in this cluster is only 3% longer than the sum of the covalent triple-bond radii of uranium and rhodium (2.24 Å). Computational studies reveal that the nature of this uranium-rhodium triple bond is 1 covalent bond with 2 rhodium-to-uranium dative bonds. This heterometallic cluster represents a species with f-block metal-metal triple bond structurally authenticated by X-ray diffraction. These studies not only demonstrate the authenticity of the uranium-metal triple bond, but also provide a possibility for the synthesis of other f-block metal-metal multiple bonds. We expect that this work may further our understanding of the bonding between uranium and transition metals, which may help to design new d-f heterometallic catalysts with uranium-metal bonds for small-molecule activation and to promote the utilization of abundant depleted uranium resources.
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38
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Bacha RUS, Bi YT, Xuan LC, Pan QJ. Inverse Trans Influence in Low-Valence Actinide-Group 10 Metal Complexes of Phosphinoaryl Oxides: A Theoretical Study via Tuning Metals and Donor Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10028-10037. [PMID: 31298034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recognition and in-depth understanding of inverse trans influence (ITI) have successfully guided the synthesis of novel actinide complexes and enriched actinide chemistry. Those complexes, however, are mainly limited to the involvement of high-valence actinide and/or metal-ligand multiple bonds. Examples containing both low oxidation state actinide and metal-metal single bond remain rare. Herein, more than 20 actinide-transition metal (An-TM) complexes of phosphinoaryl oxide ligands have been designed in accordance with several experimentally known analogs, by changing the metal atoms (An = Th, Pa, U, Np, and Pu; and TM = Ni, Pd, and Pt), actinide oxidation states (IV and III) and metal-metal axial donor ligands (X = Me3SiO, F, Cl, Br, and I). The relativistic density functional theory study of structural (trans-An-X and cis-An-O toward An-TM), bonding (topological electron/energy density), and electronic properties reveals the order of the ITI stabilizing actinide-metal bond. Computed electron affinity (EA) values, related to the electrochemical reduction, linearly correlate with experimentally measured reduction potentials. Although the same ITI order for the ligand donors was shown as in a previous study, the correlation between electrochemical reduction and the ITI was found to be weak when the actinide atoms were changed. For most complexes, the reduction is primarily of an actinide-based mechanism with minor participation of transition metal and phosphinoaryl oxide, whereas that of thorium-nickel complexes is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Ullah Shah Bacha
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Yan-Ting Bi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Li-Chun Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080 , China
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39
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Lu JB, Ma XL, Wang JQ, Jiang YF, Li Y, Hu HS, Xiao H, Li J. The df–d Dative Bonding in a Uranium–Cobalt Heterobimetallic Complex for Efficient Nitrogen Fixation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7433-7439. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue-Lu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ya-Fei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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40
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Transition-metal-bridged bimetallic clusters with multiple uranium–metal bonds. Nat Chem 2019; 11:248-253. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Gandomkar S, Żądło‐Dobrowolska A, Kroutil W. Extending Designed Linear Biocatalytic Cascades for Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:225-243. [PMID: 33520008 PMCID: PMC7814890 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cascade reactions involving biocatalysts have demonstrated a tremendous potential during the recent years. This review just focuses on selected examples of the last year and putting them into context to a previously published suggestion for classification. Subdividing the cascades according to the number of catalysts in the linear sequence, and classifying whether the steps are performed simultaneous or in a sequential fashion as well as whether the reaction sequence is performed in vitro or in vivo allows to organise the concepts. The last year showed, that combinations of in vivo as well as in vitro are possible. Incompatible reaction steps may be run in a sequential fashion or by compartmentalisation of the incompatible steps either by using special reactors (membrane), polymersomes or flow techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Gandomkar
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28Graz8010Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28Graz8010Austria
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42
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Bi YT, Li L, Guo YR, Pan QJ. Heterobimetallic Uranium–Nickel/Palladium/Platinum Complexes of Phosphinoaryl Oxide Ligands: A Theoretical Probe for Metal–Metal Bonding and Electronic Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1290-1300. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Bi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuan-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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43
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Wang JQ, Chi C, Lu JB, Meng L, Luo M, Hu HS, Zhou M, Li J. Triple bonds between iron and heavier group-14 elements in the AFe(CO) 3- complexes (A = Ge, Sn, and Pb). Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5685-5688. [PMID: 31020278 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09340g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear transition-metal-main-group element carbonyl anion complexes of AFe(CO)3- (A = Ge, Sn, and Pb) are prepared using a laser vaporization supersonic ion source in the gas phase, which were studied by mass-selected infrared (IR) photodissociation spectroscopy. The geometric and electronic structures of the experimentally observed species are identified by a comparison of the measured and calculated IR spectra. These anion complexes have a 2A1 doublet electronic ground state and feature an A[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe triply bonded C3v structure with all of the carbonyl ligands bonded at the iron center. Bonding analyses of AFe(CO)3- (A = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, and Fl) indicate that the complexes are triply bonded between the valence np atomic orbitals of bare group-14 atoms and the hybridized 3d and 4p atomic orbitals of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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44
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Tian JN, Zheng M, Li L, Schreckenbach G, Guo YR, Pan QJ. Theoretical investigation of U(i) arene complexes: is the elusive monovalent oxidation state accessible? NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04722g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the goal to extend the uranium oxidation state, relativistic DFT unravels an energetically favored U(i) complex of a heterocalix[4]arene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | | | - Yuan-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
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45
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Double dative bond between divalent carbon(0) and uranium. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4997. [PMID: 30479324 PMCID: PMC6258733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dative bonds between p- and d-block atoms are common but species containing a double dative bond, which donate two-electron pairs to the same acceptor, are far less common. The synthesis of complexes between UCl4 and carbodiphosphoranes (CDP), which formally possess double dative bonds Cl4U⇇CDP, is reported in this paper. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the uranium-carbon distances are in the range of bond lengths for uranium-carbon double bonds. A bonding analysis suggests that the molecules are uranium-carbone complexes featuring divalent carbon(0) ligands rather than uranium-carbene species. The complexes represent rare examples with a double dative bond in f-block chemistry. Our study not only introduces the concept of double dative bonds between carbones and f-block elements but also opens an avenue for the construction of other complexes with double dative bonds, thus providing new opportunities for the applications of f-block compounds.
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46
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47
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Lu E, Wooles AJ, Gregson M, Cobb PJ, Liddle ST. A Very Short Uranium(IV)-Rhodium(I) Bond with Net Double-Dative Bonding Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6587-6591. [PMID: 29665209 PMCID: PMC6055764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [U{C(SiMe3 )(PPh2 )}(BIPM)(μ-Cl)Li(TMEDA)(μ-TMEDA)0.5 ]2 (BIPM=C(PPh2 NSiMe3 )2 ; TMEDA=Me2 NCH2 CH2 NMe2 ) with [Rh(μ-Cl)(COD)]2 (COD=cyclooctadiene) affords the heterotrimetallic UIV -RhI2 complex [U(Cl)2 {C(PPh2 NSiMe3 )(PPh[C6 H4 ]NSiMe3 )}{Rh(COD)}{Rh(CH(SiMe3 )(PPh2 )}]. This complex has a very short uranium-rhodium distance, the shortest uranium-rhodium bond on record and the shortest actinide-transition metal bond in terms of formal shortness ratio. Quantum-chemical calculations reveal a remarkable RhI→→ UIV net double dative bond interaction, involving RhI 4dz2 - and 4dxy/xz -type donation into vacant UIV 5f orbitals, resulting in a Wiberg/Nalewajski-Mrozek U-Rh bond order of 1.30/1.44, respectively. Despite being, formally, purely dative, the uranium-rhodium bonding interaction is the most substantial actinide-metal multiple bond yet prepared under conventional experimental conditions, as confirmed by structural, magnetic, and computational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Lu
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Philip J. Cobb
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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Lu JB, Ma XL, Wang JQ, Liu JC, Xiao H, Li J. Efficient Nitrogen Fixation via a Redox-Flexible Single-Iron Site with Reverse-Dative Iron → Boron σ Bonding. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4530-4537. [PMID: 29648830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Model systems of the FeMo cofactor of nitrogenase have been explored extensively in catalysis to gain insights into their ability for nitrogen fixation that is of vital importance to the human society. Here we investigate the trigonal pyramidal borane-ligand Fe complex by first-principles calculations, and find that the variation of oxidation state of Fe along the reaction path correlates with that of the reverse-dative Fe → B bonding. The redox-flexibility of the reverse-dative Fe → B bonding helps to provide an electron reservoir that buffers and stabilizes the evolution of Fe oxidation state, which is essential for forming the key intermediates of N2 activation. Our work provides insights for understanding and optimizing homogeneous and surface single-atom catalysts with reverse-dative donating ligands for efficient dinitrogen fixation. The extension of this kind of molecular catalytic active center to heterogeneous catalysts with surface single-clusters is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xue-Lu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jin-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Institute for Interfacial Catalysis and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999 , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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Lu E, Wooles AJ, Gregson M, Cobb PJ, Liddle ST. A Very Short Uranium(IV)–Rhodium(I) Bond with Net Double‐Dative Bonding Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erli Lu
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Philip J. Cobb
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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Li G, Zhang J, Xie H, Kong X, Jiang L. Ligand-Enhanced CO Activation by the Early Lanthanide-Nickel Heterodimers: Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging Spectroscopy of LnNi(CO) n- (Ln = La, Ce). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3811-3818. [PMID: 29607640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic lanthanum-nickel and cerium-nickel carbonyls, LnNi(CO) n- (Ln = La, Ce; n = 2-5), were generated using a pulsed laser vaporization/supersonic expansion ion source. These compounds were characterized by photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The binding motif in the most stable isomers of the n = 2 and 3 clusters consists of one side-on-bonded carbonyl. A new building block of two side-on-bonded carbonyls is favored at n = 4, which is retained at n = 5, evidencing the increase of the number of extremely activated CO molecule in the larger clusters. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrate the ligand-enhanced CO activation by the early lanthanide-nickel heterodimers, which would have important implications for the design of alloy catalysts for activation of a molecular ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , China
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