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Chen M, Kálai T, Cascio D, Bridges MD, Whitelegge JP, Elgeti M, Hubbell WL. A Highly Ordered Nitroxide Side Chain for Distance Mapping and Monitoring Slow Structural Fluctuations in Proteins. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2023; 55:251-277. [PMID: 38357006 PMCID: PMC10861403 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-023-01618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL-EPR) is an established tool for exploring protein structure and dynamics. Although nitroxide side chains attached to a single cysteine via a disulfide linkage are commonly employed in SDSL-EPR, their internal flexibility complicates applications to monitor slow internal motions in proteins and to structure determination by distance mapping. Moreover, the labile disulfide linkage prohibits the use of reducing agents often needed for protein stability. To enable the application of SDSL-EPR to the measurement of slow internal dynamics, new spin labels with hindered internal motion are desired. Here, we introduce a highly ordered nitroxide side chain, designated R9, attached at a single cysteine residue via a non-reducible thioether linkage. The reaction to introduce R9 is highly selective for solvent-exposed cysteine residues. Structures of R9 at two helical sites in T4 Lysozyme were determined by X-ray crystallography and the mobility in helical sequences was characterized by EPR spectral lineshape analysis, Saturation Transfer EPR, and Saturation Recovery EPR. In addition, interspin distance measurements between pairs of R9 residues are reported. Collectively, all data indicate that R9 will be useful for monitoring slow internal structural fluctuations, and applications to distance mapping via dipolar spectroscopy and relaxation enhancement methods are anticipated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00723-023-01618-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Chen
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Tamás Kálai
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, Pecs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Michael D. Bridges
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Matthias Elgeti
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Center, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wayne L. Hubbell
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Heaven G, Hollas MA, Tabernero L, Fielding AJ. Spin Labeling of Surface Cysteines Using a Bromoacrylaldehyde Spin Label. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 52:959-970. [PMID: 34776648 PMCID: PMC8550513 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-021-01350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Structural investigations of proteins and their biological complexes are now frequently complemented by distance constraints between spin labeled cysteines generated using double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy, via site directed spin labeling (SDSL). Methanethiosulfonate spin label (MTSSL), has become ubiquitous in the SDSL of proteins, however, has limitations owing to its high number of rotamers, and reducibility. In this article we introduce the use of bromoacrylaldehyde spin label (BASL) as a cysteine spin label, demonstrating an advantage over MTSSL due to its increased selectivity for surface cysteines, eliminating the need to 'knock out' superfluous cysteine residues. Applied to the multidomain protein, His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP), we show that BASL can be easily added in excess with selective labeling, whereas MTSSL causes protein precipitation. Furthermore, using DEER, we were able to measure a single cysteine pair distance in a three cysteine domain within HD-PTP. The label has a further advantage of comprising a sulfide in a three-bond tether, making it a candidate for protein binding and in-cell studies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00723-021-01350-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Heaven
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Michael A. Hollas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Alistair J. Fielding
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK
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3
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Wu HQ, Yang K, Luo SH, Wu XY, Wang N, Chen SH, Wang ZY. C4-Selective Synthesis of Vinyl Thiocyanates and Selenocyanates Through 3,4-Dihalo-2(5H
)-furanones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen People′s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy; Gannan Medical University; 341000 Ganzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road 510640 Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Neng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Si-Hong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road 510640 Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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4
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Fredy JW, Cutolo G, Poret B, Nehmé R, Hubert-Roux M, Gandolfo P, Castel H, Schuler M, Tatibouët A, Sabot C, Renard PY. Diverted Natural Lossen-type Rearrangement for Bioconjugation through in Situ Myrosinase-Triggered Isothiocyanate Synthesis. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1385-1394. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Wilfried Fredy
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Giuliano Cutolo
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique - ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067 cedex 02 Orléans, France
| | - Benjamin Poret
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique - ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067 cedex 02 Orléans, France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierrick Gandolfo
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hélène Castel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie Schuler
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique - ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067 cedex 02 Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Tatibouët
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique - ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067 cedex 02 Orléans, France
| | - Cyrille Sabot
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
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Hollas MA, Webb SJ, Flitsch SL, Fielding AJ. A Bifunctional Spin Label for Ligand Recognition on Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9449-9453. [PMID: 28570782 PMCID: PMC5577508 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In situ monitoring of biomolecular recognition, especially at surfaces, still presents a significant technical challenge. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of biomolecules spin-labeled with nitroxides can offer uniquely sensitive and selective insights into these processes, but new spin-labeling strategies are needed. The synthesis and study of a bromoacrylaldehyde spin label (BASL), which features two attachment points with orthogonal reactivity is reported. The first examples of mannose and biotin ligands coupled to aqueous carboxy-functionalized gold nanoparticles through a spin label are presented. EPR spectra were obtained for the spin-labeled ligands both free in solution and attached to nanoparticles. The labels were recognized by the mannose-binding lectin, Con A, and the biotin-binding protein avidin-peroxidase. Binding gave quantifiable changes in the EPR spectra from which binding profiles could be obtained that reflect the strength of binding in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hollas
- Department of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Simon J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Alistair J Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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