1
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Hatano M, Kuwano K, Asukai R, Nagayoshi A, Hoshihara H, Hirata T, Umezawa M, Tsubaki S, Yoshikawa T, Sakata K. Zinc chloride-catalyzed Grignard addition reaction of aromatic nitriles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8569-8577. [PMID: 38846385 PMCID: PMC11151835 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the alkyl addition reaction of aromatic nitriles using Grignard reagents, ketones are formed after hydrolysis. However, this addition reaction is often slow compared to that using reactive organolithium(i) reagents. In this study, we improved the reaction by using zinc(ii)ates, which are generated in situ using Grignard reagents and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a catalyst. As a result, the corresponding ketones and amines were obtained via hydrolysis and reduction, respectively, in good yields under mild reaction conditions. Scale-up reactions are also demonstrated. Interestingly, using a catalytic amount of ZnCl2 was more effective than using a stoichiometric amount of zinc(ii)ates. Possible transition states are proposed on the basis of the active zinc(ii)ate species, and DFT calculations were carried out to elucidate a plausible reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hatano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Kisara Kuwano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Riho Asukai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Ayako Nagayoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Haruka Hoshihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hirata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Miho Umezawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Sahori Tsubaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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2
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Borys AM, Vedani L, Hevia E. The coordination of alkali-metal nickelates to organic π-systems: synthetic, structural and spectroscopic insights. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8382-8390. [PMID: 38680126 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Low-valent nickelates have recently been shown to be key intermediates in challenging cross-coupling reactions using aryl ethers as electrophiles. Key for the success of these transformations is the activation of the substrate through π-coordination to the nickelate intermediate, however there is still limited knowledge about the fundamental structure and coordination chemistry of these heterobimetallic complexes. Herein, we report the synthesis, structures, and spectroscopic analysis of a diverse family of alkali-metal nickelates derived from phenyl-alkali-metal reagents and Ni(ttt-CDT), where ttt-CDT = trans,trans,trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene. The co-complexation of PhLi with Ni(ttt-CDT) was found to yield 1 : 1, 2 : 1 or 4 : 2 lithium nickelates depending on the stoichiometry and reaction conditions employed. The high lability of the ttt-CDT ligand enables facile ligand exchange with an assorted series of organic π-acceptors, ranging from polyaromatic hydrocarbons to ketones, imines and nitriles. For anthracene and phenanthrene, a homologous series of Li, Na and K nickelates could be obtained, which lead to different structural motifs or degrees of aggregation in the solid-state spanning solvated monomers to complex polymeric arrangements. For π-extended systems such as perylene or coronene, competing single-electron-transfer to give the corresponding radical anions was observed, illustrating the highly reducing nature of the alkali-metal nickelates. X-ray crystallographic analysis and NMR spectroscopy of the phenyl-alkali-metal nickelates reveal extreme back-bonding from Ni(0) to the organic π-acceptors due to strong σ-donation from the carbanionic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andryj M Borys
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmacie, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Vedani
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmacie, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmacie, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Parra-Cadenas B, Fernández I, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, García-Álvarez J, Elorriaga D. Addition of allyl Grignard to nitriles in air and at room temperature: experimental and computational mechanistic insights in pH-switchable synthesis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5929-5937. [PMID: 38665519 PMCID: PMC11040652 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06403d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A straightforward and selective conversion of nitriles into highly substituted tetrahydropyridines, aminoketones or enamines by using allylmagnesium bromide as an addition partner (under neat conditions) and subsequent treatment with different aqueous-based hydrolysis protocols is reported. Refuting the conventional wisdom of the incompatibility of Grignard reagents with air and moisture, we herein report that the presence of water allows us to promote the chemoselective formation of the target tetrahydropyridines over other competing products (even in the case of highly challenging aliphatic nitriles). Moreover, the careful tuning of both the reaction media employed (acid or basic aqueous solutions for the hydrolysis protocol) and the electronic properties of the starting nitriles allowed us to design a multi-task system capable of producing either β-aminoketones or enamines in a totally selective manner. Importantly, and for the first time in the chemistry of main-group polar organometallic reagents in non-conventional protic solvents (e.g., water), both experimental and computational studies showed that the excellent efficiency and selectivity observed in aqueous media cannot be replicated by using standard dry volatile organic solvents (VOCs) under inert atmosphere conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Parra-Cadenas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo E33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - David Elorriaga
- Group of Bioorganometallic Chemistry and Catalysis (BIOMCAT), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo E33071 Oviedo Spain
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4
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Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Ríos-Lombardía N, García-Garrido SE, Concellón C, del Amo V, Capriati V, García-Álvarez J. Recent Advancements in the Utilization of s-Block Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis with Sustainable Solvents. Molecules 2024; 29:1422. [PMID: 38611702 PMCID: PMC11012548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This mini-review offers a comprehensive overview of the advancements made over the last three years in utilizing highly polar s-block organometallic reagents (specifically, RLi, RNa and RMgX compounds) in organic synthesis run under bench-type reaction conditions. These conditions involve exposure to air/moisture and are carried out at room temperature, with the use of sustainable solvents as reaction media. In the examples provided, the adoption of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) or even water as non-conventional and protic reaction media has not only replicated the traditional chemistry of these organometallic reagents in conventional and toxic volatile organic compounds under Schlenk-type reaction conditions (typically involving low temperatures of -78 °C to 0 °C and a protective atmosphere of N2 or Ar), but has also resulted in higher conversions and selectivities within remarkably short reaction times (measured in s/min). Furthermore, the application of the aforementioned polar organometallics under bench-type reaction conditions (at room temperature/under air) has been extended to other environmentally responsible reaction media, such as more sustainable ethereal solvents (e.g., CPME or 2-MeTHF). Notably, this innovative approach contributes to enhancing the overall sustainability of s-block-metal-mediated organic processes, thereby aligning with several key principles of Green Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale “Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi” (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergio E. García-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Concellón
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente del Amo
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale “Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi” (C.I.N.M.P.I.S.), Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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5
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Jia C, She Y, Lu Y, Wu M, Yang X, Chen L, Li Y. Octalithium, Tetrasodium, and Decalithium Compounds Based on Pyrrolyl Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Activation of the C-H Bonds of Pyrrolyl Rings and C═N Bonds of a Series of Ligands by Organolithium Reagents. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14072-14085. [PMID: 37578854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The organometallic compounds of lithium ions have garnered continuous interest as indispensable precursors for the syntheses of organometallic complexes of main-group metals, transition metals, lanthanide metals, and actinide metals. In this work, we present a strategy for the preparation of a series of polynuclear lithium complexes. This methodology features the utilization of organolithium reagents both as metal sources to coordinate with the ligands and as nucleophilic reagents to undergo nucleophilic addition to the C═N bonds of the ligands. Reaction of a ligand HL1 [HL1 = 2-(((1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)amino)phenol] with n-BuLi produced complex [Li8(L1a)4]·1.5Tol (1·1.5Tol) [H2L1a = 2-((1-(1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pentyl)amino)phenol]. One prominent feature regarding the formation of 1·1.5Tol is the occurrence of nucleophilic addition of n-BuLi to the C═N bond of HL1, leading to the generation of a new [L1a]2- ligand that contains both aminophenol and 1-(2-pyrrolyl)alkylamine scaffolds. The developed protocol can be adapted to a series of organolithium reagents. Compounds [Li8(L1b)4] (2) and [Li8(L1c)4] (3) were afforded by treatment of HL1 with sec-BuLi and LiCH2SiMe3, respectively. Reaction of an analogous ligand HL2 [HL2 = 2-(((1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)amino)-4-methylphenol] with n-BuLi generated compound [Li8(L2a)4] (4). C═N bond activation was not observed in the reaction of HL1 with NaOtBu, and the complex [Na4(L1)4]·Tol (5·Tol) was obtained. A decanuclear complex [Li10(L3a)2(L3b)2] (6) was also prepared via the reaction of HL3 [HL3 = 2-(2-((((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)amino)methyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylethan-1-amine] with t-BuLi. A remarkable feature in terms of the synthesis of 6 is the simultaneous occurrence of hydrogen atom abstraction from the C-H bond of the pyrrolyl ring and nucleophilic addition to the C═N bond of the HL3 ligand by t-BuLi. A series of amines containing biologically and physiologically important moieties were achieved by hydrolysis of the crude products from the reactions of the HL1-HL3 ligands and organolithium reagents. This work provides an efficient approach to high-nuclearity lithium compounds as well as a series of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeye She
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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6
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Liang XX, Zhu C, Zhang W, Du YN, Xu L, Liu L, Zhang Y, Han MY. Nucleophilic Allylation of Acylsilanes in Water: An Effective Alternative to Functionalized Tertiary α-Silylalcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12087-12099. [PMID: 37497648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A nucleophilic allylation of acylsilanes in water was developed, generating versatile functionalized tertiary α-silyl alcohols in high yields. With the assistance of hydrogen bonding, a reaction model of less reactive acylsilane was achieved. Unlike the conventional strategy, transition metals and an additional Lewis acid catalyst were not required, and rate acceleration was observed in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Du
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Man-Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
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7
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Chen L, Zhang S, Liu X, Ge X. Recent Advances in Water-Mediated Multiphase Catalysis. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2023.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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8
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Rahman AJM, Finck L, Obermayer W, Oestreich M. Synthesis of Benzhydryl-Substituted Amines by Silanolate-Mediated Aldimine Arylation with Functionalized Aryl Nucleophiles Released from Diazene-Based Reagents. Org Lett 2022; 24:9118-9122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliyaah J. M. Rahman
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Finck
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Obermayer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Polar organometallic chemistry meets deep eutectic solvents in flow. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Mulks FF, Pinho B, Platten AW, Andalibi MR, Expósito AJ, Edler KJ, Hevia E, Torrente-Murciano L. Continuous, stable, and safe organometallic reactions in flow at room temperature assisted by deep eutectic solvents. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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11
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Elorriaga D, Carrillo‐Hermosilla F, Parra‐Cadenas B, Antiñolo A, García‐Álvarez J. Aerobic/Room-Temperature-Compatible s-Block Organometallic Chemistry in Neat Conditions: A Missing Synthetic Tool for the Selective Conversion of Nitriles into Asymmetric Alcohols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201348. [PMID: 35904929 PMCID: PMC9804429 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly-efficient and selective one-pot/two-step modular double addition of different highly polar organometallic reagents (RLi/RMgX) to nitriles en route to asymmetric tertiary alcohols (without the need for isolation/purification of any halfway reaction intermediate) has been studied, for the first time, in the absence of external/additional organic solvents (neat conditions), at room temperature and under air/moisture (no protecting atmosphere is required), which are generally forbidden reaction conditions in the field of highly-reactive organolithium/organomagnesium reagents. The one-pot modular tandem protocol demonstrated high chemoselectivity with a broad range of nitriles, as no side reactions (Li/halogen exchange, ortho-lithiations or benzylic metalations) were detected. Finally, this protocol could be scaled up, thus proving that this environmentally friendly methodology is amenable for a possible applied synthesis of asymmetric tertiary alcohols under bench type reaction conditions and in the absence of external organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Fernando Carrillo‐Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Blanca Parra‐Cadenas
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaOrgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías QuímicasUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha13071Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos)Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaIUQOEM)Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad de OviedoE33071OviedoSpain
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12
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Brandes DS, Ellman JA. C-H bond activation and sequential addition to two different coupling partners: a versatile approach to molecular complexity. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6738-6756. [PMID: 35822540 PMCID: PMC9364435 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sequential multicomponent C-H bond addition is a powerful approach for the rapid, modular generation of molecular complexity in a single reaction. In this approach, C-H bonds are typically added across π-bonds or π-bond isosteres, followed by subsequent coupling to another type of functionality, thereby forming two σ-bonds in a single reaction sequence. Many sequential C-H bond addition reactions have been developed to date, including additions across both conjugated and isolated π-systems followed by coupling with reactants such as carbonyl compounds, cyanating reagents, aminating reagents, halogenating reagents, oxygenating reagents, and alkylating reagents. These atom-economical reactions transform ubiquitous C-H bonds under mild conditions to more complex structures with a high level of regiochemical and stereochemical control. Surprising connectivities and diverse mechanisms have been elucidated in the development of these reactions. Given the large number of possible combinations of coupling partners, there are enormous opportunities for the discovery of new sequential C-H bond addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Brandes
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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13
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Quivelli AF, Marinò M, Vitale P, García‐Álvarez J, Perna FM, Capriati V. Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed Ullmann-Type C-O Bond Formation in Non-Innocent Deep Eutectic Solvents under Aerobic Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102211. [PMID: 34762333 PMCID: PMC9299726 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and novel protocol was developed for a Cu-catalyzed Ullmann-type aryl alkyl ether synthesis by reacting various (hetero)aryl halides (Cl, Br, I) with alcohols as active components of environmentally benign choline chloride-based eutectic mixtures. Under optimized conditions, the reaction proceeded under mild conditions (80 °C) in air, in the absence of additional ligands, with a catalyst [CuI or CuII species] loading up to 5 mol% and K2 CO3 as the base, providing the desired aryloxy derivatives in up to 98 % yield. The potential application of the methodology was demonstrated in the valorization of cheap, easily available, and naturally occurring polyols (e. g., glycerol) for the synthesis of some pharmacologically active aryloxypropanediols (Guaiphenesin, Mephenesin, and Chlorphenesin) on a 2 g scale in 70-96 % yield. Catalyst, base, and deep eutectic solvent could easily and successfully be recycled up to seven times with an E-factor as low as 5.76.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francesca Quivelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “Aldo Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Via E. Orabona 4I-70125BariItaly
| | - Manuela Marinò
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “Aldo Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Via E. Orabona 4I-70125BariItaly
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “Aldo Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Via E. Orabona 4I-70125BariItaly
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Sintética Sostenible (QuimSinSos)Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM)Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Universidad de Oviedo33071OviedoSpain
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “Aldo Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Via E. Orabona 4I-70125BariItaly
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “Aldo Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Via E. Orabona 4I-70125BariItaly
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14
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Ramos-Martín M, Lecuna R, Cicco L, Vitale P, Capriati V, Ríos-Lombardía N, González-Sabín J, Presa Soto A, García-Álvarez J. A one-pot two-step synthesis of tertiary alcohols combining the biocatalytic laccase/TEMPO oxidation system with organolithium reagents in aerobic aqueous media at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13534-13537. [PMID: 34850798 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06460f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The one-pot/two-step combination of enzymes and polar organometallic chemistry in aqueous media is for the first time presented as a proof-of-concept study. The unprecedented combination of the catalytic oxidation of secondary alcohols by the system laccase/TEMPO with the ultrafast addition (3 s reaction time) of polar organometallic reagents (RLi/RMgX) to the in situ formed ketones, run under air at room temperature, allows the straightforward and chemoselective synthesis of tertiary alcohols with broad substrate scope and excellent conversions (up to 96%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ramos-Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ramón Lecuna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Luciana Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari ''Aldo Moro'', Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari ''Aldo Moro'', Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari ''Aldo Moro'', Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud. Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Oviedo, 33011, Spain.
| | - Javier González-Sabín
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud. Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Oviedo, 33011, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain.
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15
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Xia WJ, Fan TG, Zhao ZW, Chen X, Wang XX, Li YM. Radical Annulation of 2-Cyanoaryl Acrylamides via C═C Double Bond Cleavage: Access to Amino-Substituted 2-Quinolones. Org Lett 2021; 23:6158-6163. [PMID: 34313448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel annulation of 2-cyanoaryl acrylamides via C═C double bond cleavage has been developed for facile and efficient access to a broad spectrum of functionalized 4-amino-2-quinolones, which are important N-heterocycles. In this transformation, the solvent THF is demonstrated to play a crucial role, and the addition of alkyl radicals to nitrile, 1,5-hydride shift, and cleavage of the C-C bond are involved in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Gang Fan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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16
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García‐Garrido SE, Presa Soto A, Hevia E, García‐Álvarez J. Advancing Air‐ and Moisture‐Compatible s‐Block Organometallic Chemistry Using Sustainable Solvents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E. García‐Garrido
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie (DCBP) Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Joaquín García‐Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Química Universidad de Oviedo 33071 Oviedo Spain
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17
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Dang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Xu M, Jia C, Lu Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Xia Y. Nucleophilic Addition and α-C–H Substitution Reactions of an Imine Mediated by Dibutylmagnesium and Organolithium Reagents. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yalan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yafei Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Man Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Chaohong Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yahong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
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18
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Dilauro G, Azzollini CS, Vitale P, Salomone A, Perna FM, Capriati V. Scalable Negishi Coupling between Organozinc Compounds and (Hetero)Aryl Bromides under Aerobic Conditions when using Bulk Water or Deep Eutectic Solvents with no Additional Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10632-10636. [PMID: 33605516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling reactions between organozinc compounds and (hetero)aryl bromides have been reported when using bulk water as the reaction medium in the presence of NaCl or the biodegradable choline chloride/urea eutectic mixture. Both C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ) and C(sp2 )-C(sp2 ) couplings have been found to proceed smoothly, with high chemoselectivity, under mild conditions (room temperature or 60 °C) in air, and in competition with protonolysis. Additional benefits include very short reaction times (20 s), good to excellent yields (up to 98 %), wide substrate scope, and the tolerance of a variety of functional groups. The proposed novel protocol is scalable, and the practicability of the method is further highlighted by an easy recycling of both the catalyst and the eutectic mixture or water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia S Azzollini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo M Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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19
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Dilauro G, Azzollini CS, Vitale P, Salomone A, Perna FM, Capriati V. Scalable Negishi Coupling between Organozinc Compounds and (Hetero)Aryl Bromides under Aerobic Conditions when using Bulk Water or Deep Eutectic Solvents with no Additional Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Claudia S. Azzollini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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20
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal Mediation: Diversity of Applications in Main-Group Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9247-9262. [PMID: 33017511 PMCID: PMC8247348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organolithium compounds have been at the forefront of synthetic chemistry for over a century, as they mediate the synthesis of myriads of compounds that are utilised worldwide in academic and industrial settings. For that reason, lithium has always been the most important alkali metal in organometallic chemistry. Today, that importance is being seriously challenged by sodium and potassium, as the alkali-metal mediation of organic reactions in general has started branching off in several new directions. Recent examples covering main-group homogeneous catalysis, stoichiometric organic synthesis, low-valent main-group metal chemistry, polymerization, and green chemistry are showcased in this Review. Since alkali-metal compounds are often not the end products of these applications, their roles are rarely given top billing. Thus, this Review has been written to alert the community to this rising unifying phenomenon of "alkali-metal mediation".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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21
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Cortes-Clerget M, Yu J, Kincaid JRA, Walde P, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Water as the reaction medium in organic chemistry: from our worst enemy to our best friend. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4237-4266. [PMID: 34163692 PMCID: PMC8179471 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A review presenting water as the logical reaction medium for the future of organic chemistry. A discussion is offered that covers both the "on water" and "in water" phenomena, and how water is playing unique roles in each, specifically with regard to its use in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Joseph R A Kincaid
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development Novartis Pharma AG 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
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22
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Orr SA, Andrews PC, Blair VL. Main Group Metal-Mediated Transformations of Imines. Chemistry 2021; 27:2569-2588. [PMID: 32761667 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Main-group-metal-mediated transformations of imines have earned a valued place in the synthetic chemist's toolbox. Their versatility allows the simple preparation of various nitrogen containing compounds. This review will outline the early discoveries including metallation, addition/cyclisation and metathesis pathways, followed by the modern-day use of imines in synthetic methodology. Recent advances in imine C-F activation protocols are discussed, alongside revisiting "classic" imine reactivity from a sustainable perspective. Developments in catalytic methods for hydroelementation of imines have been reviewed, highlighting the importance of s-block metals in the catalytic arena. Whilst stoichiometric transformations in alternative reaction media such as deep eutectic solvents or water have been summarised. The incorporation of imines into flow chemistry has received recent attention and is summarised within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Orr
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Victoria L Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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23
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Quivelli AF, D’Addato G, Vitale P, García-Álvarez J, Perna FM, Capriati V. Expeditious and practical synthesis of tertiary alcohols from esters enabled by highly polarized organometallic compounds under aerobic conditions in Deep Eutectic Solvents or bulk water. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Dongbang S, Ellman JA. Synthesis of Nitrile Bearing Acyclic Quaternary Centers through Co(III)-Catalyzed Sequential C-H Bond Addition to Dienes and N-Cyanosuccinimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2135-2139. [PMID: 33017508 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we disclose a three-component strategy to access quaternary centers bearing nitriles by cobalt-catalyzed C-H bond activation and sequential addition to internally substituted 1,3-dienes and an electrophilic cyanating reagent with high regio and stereocontrol. 2-Aryl and alkyl monosubstituted dienes provide α-aryl and α-alkyl α-methyl-substituted nitriles, respectively. An even wider variety of functionality can be installed at the quaternary carbon by using 1,2-disubstituted dienes. The synthetic utility of the nitrile products was successfully demonstrated by various transformations, including conversions to γ-lactones and tetrazoles. The observed connectivity in the products along with studies with deuterium labeled reactants provide insight into the mechanism. Formation of a 7-membered cobaltacycle by C-H activation and migratory insertion of the diene is followed by β-hydride elimination and hydride reinsertion to give a 6-membered cobaltacycle that then reacts with the cyanating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Dongbang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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25
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Cicco L, Dilauro G, Perna FM, Vitale P, Capriati V. Advances in deep eutectic solvents and water: applications in metal- and biocatalyzed processes, in the synthesis of APIs, and other biologically active compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2558-2577. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in metal- and biocatalyzed transformations, in the synthesis of APIs and other biologically active compounds, when employing deep eutectic solvents and water as environmentally responsible solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- Bari
- Italy
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26
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkalimetall‐Mediatoren: Vielfältige Anwendungen in der metallorganischen Chemie der Hauptgruppenelemente. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
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27
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Dongbang S, Ellman JA. Synthesis of Nitrile Bearing Acyclic Quaternary Centers through Co(III)‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Bond Addition to Dienes and
N
‐Cyanosuccinimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Dongbang
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect St. New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect St. New Haven CT 06520 USA
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28
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Cicco L, Fombona-Pascual A, Sánchez-Condado A, Carriedo GA, Perna FM, Capriati V, Presa Soto A, García-Álvarez J. Fast and Chemoselective Addition of Highly Polarized Lithium Phosphides Generated in Deep Eutectic Solvents to Aldehydes and Epoxides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4967-4973. [PMID: 32666628 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly polarized lithium phosphides (LiPR2 ) were synthesized, for the first time, in deep eutectic solvents as sustainable reaction media, at room temperature and in the absence of protecting atmosphere, through direct deprotonation of both aliphatic and aromatic secondary phosphines (HPR2 ) by n-BuLi. The subsequent addition of in-situ generated LiPR2 to aldehydes or epoxides proceeded quickly and chemoselectively, thereby allowing the straightforward access to the corresponding α- or β-hydroxy phosphine oxides, respectively, under air and at room temperature (bench conditions), which are traditionally considered as textbook-prohibited conditions in the field of polar organometallic chemistry of s-block elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Alba Fombona-Pascual
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, IUQOEM) Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba Sánchez-Condado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, IUQOEM) Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gabino A Carriedo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, IUQOEM) Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Filippo M Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, IUQOEM) Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (IUQOEM), Facultad de Química, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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29
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Cicco L, Salomone A, Vitale P, Ríos-Lombardía N, González-Sabín J, García-Álvarez J, Perna FM, Capriati V. Addition of Highly Polarized Organometallic Compounds to N-tert-Butanesulfinyl Imines in Deep Eutectic Solvents under Air: Preparation of Chiral Amines of Pharmaceutical Interest. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3583-3588. [PMID: 32445433 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly polarized organometallic compounds of s-block elements are added smoothly to chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines in the biodegradable d-sorbitol/choline chloride eutectic mixture, thereby granting access to enantioenriched primary amines after quantitatively removing the sulfinyl group. The practicality of the method is further highlighted by proceeding at ambient temperature and under air, with very short reaction times (2 min), enabling the preparation of diastereoisomeric sulfinamides in very good yields (74-98 %) and with a broad substrate scope, and the possibility of scaling up the process. The method is demonstrated in the asymmetric syntheses of both the chiral amine side-chain of (R,R)-Formoterol (96 % ee) and the pharmaceutically relevant (R)-Cinacalcet (98 % ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicolás Ríos-Lombardía
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier González-Sabín
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Filippo M Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM)-CNR, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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30
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Dell'Aera M, Perna FM, Vitale P, Altomare A, Palmieri A, Maddock LCH, Bole LJ, Kennedy AR, Hevia E, Capriati V. Boosting Conjugate Addition to Nitroolefins Using Lithium Tetraorganozincates: Synthetic Strategies and Structural Insights. Chemistry 2020; 26:8742-8748. [PMID: 32181938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the first transition metal catalyst- and ligand-free conjugate addition of lithium tetraorganozincates (R4 ZnLi2 ) to nitroolefins. Displaying enhanced nucleophilicity combined with unique chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance, homoleptic aliphatic and aromatic R4 ZnLi2 provide access to valuable nitroalkanes in up to 98 % yield under mild conditions (0 °C) and short reaction time (30 min). This is particularly remarkable when employing β-nitroacrylates and β-nitroenones, where despite the presence of other electrophilic groups, selective 1,4 addition to the C=C is preferred. Structural and spectroscopic studies confirmed the formation of tetraorganozincate species in solution, the nature of which has been a long debated issue, and allowed to unveil the key role played by donor additives on the aggregation and structure of these reagents. Thus, while chelating N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and (R,R)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (TMCDA) favour the formation of contacted-ion pair zincates, macrocyclic Lewis donor 12-crown-4 triggers an immediate disproportionation process of Et4 ZnLi2 into equimolar amounts of solvent-separated Et3 ZnLi and EtLi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dell'Aera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), Via Amendola 122/o, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Altomare
- Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), Via Amendola 122/o, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Lewis C H Maddock
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, G1 1XL, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leonie J Bole
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, G1 1XL, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM)-CNR, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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31
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Kitanosono T, Kobayashi S. Reactions in Water Involving the “On‐Water” Mechanism. Chemistry 2020; 26:9408-9429. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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32
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Fairley M, Bole LJ, Mulks FF, Main L, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT, García-Alvarez J, Hevia E. Ultrafast amidation of esters using lithium amides under aerobic ambient temperature conditions in sustainable solvents. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6500-6509. [PMID: 32874519 PMCID: PMC7441706 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01349h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 2-methyl THF as solvent enables efficient and ultrafast amidation of esters by lithium amides at room temperature in air, edging closer towards reaching air- and moisture-compatible polar organometallic chemistry.
Lithium amides constitute one of the most commonly used classes of reagents in synthetic chemistry. However, despite having many applications, their use is handicapped by the requirement of low temperatures, in order to control their reactivity, as well as the need for dry organic solvents and protective inert atmosphere protocols to prevent their fast decomposition. Advancing the development of air- and moisture-compatible polar organometallic chemistry, the chemoselective and ultrafast amidation of esters mediated by lithium amides is reported. Establishing a novel sustainable access to carboxamides, this has been accomplished via direct C–O bond cleavage of a range of esters using glycerol or 2-MeTHF as a solvent, in air. High yields and good selectivity are observed while operating at ambient temperature, without the need for transition-metal mediation, and the protocol extends to transamidation processes. Pre-coordination of the organic substrate to the reactive lithium amide as a key step in the amidation processes has been assessed, enabling the structural elucidation of the coordination adduct [{Li(NPh2)(O
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
CPh(NMe2))}2] (8) when toluene is employed as a solvent. No evidence for formation of a complex of this type has been found when using donor THF as a solvent. Structural and spectroscopic insights into the constitution of selected lithium amides in 2-MeTHF are provided that support the involvement of small kinetically activated aggregates that can react rapidly with the organic substrates, favouring the C–O bond cleavage/C–N bond formation processes over competing hydrolysis/degradation of the lithium amides by moisture or air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fairley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Leonie J Bole
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , CH3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK.,Department für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , CH3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Laura Main
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Charles T O'Hara
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Joaquín García-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC) , Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM) , Facultad de Química , Universidad de Oviedo , E-33071 , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK.,Department für Chemie und Biochemie , Universität Bern , CH3012 , Bern , Switzerland .
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33
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Messa F, Dilauro G, Perna FM, Vitale P, Capriati V, Salomone A. Sustainable Ligand‐Free Heterogeneous Palladium‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction in Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Messa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed AmbientaliUniversità del Salento Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni I-73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S.Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM) – CNRUniversità degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed AmbientaliUniversità del Salento Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni I-73100 Lecce Italy
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34
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Zhang Y, Nie LJ, Luo L, Mao JX, Liu JX, Xu GH, Chen D, Luo HQ. The selective condensation of pyrazolones to isatins in aqueous medium. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Nam TK, Jang DO. A synthetic route toward α,α-dialkyl α-amino ester derivatives via radical addition to hydrazone derivatives of α-ketoesters under “on-water” conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Elorriaga D, Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, Ríos-Lombardía N, Morís F, Presa Soto A, González-Sabín J, Hevia E, García-Álvarez J. Combination of organocatalytic oxidation of alcohols and organolithium chemistry (RLi) in aqueous media, at room temperature and under aerobic conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8932-8935. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03768k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis and highly-polar s-block organometallic chemistry (RLi) work together in water, under air and at room temperature for the selective and ultrafast synthesis of tertiary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- (IUQOEM) Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- (IUQOEM) Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
| | | | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie
- Universität Bern
- Bern
- Switzerland
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- (IUQOEM) Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
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37
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Satyam K, Murugesh V, Suresh S. The base-free van Leusen reaction of cyclic imines on water: synthesis of N-fused imidazo 6,11-dihydro β-carboline derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5234-5238. [PMID: 31074750 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00660e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Construction of imidazoles has been demonstrated on water under base-free conditions. The reaction of dihydro β-carboline imines and p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanides furnished the corresponding substituted N-fused imidazo 6,11-dihydro β-carboline derivatives in very good yields under ambient conditions. The use of deuterium oxide (D2O) as a solvent enabled the incorporation of deuterium isotopes in the imidazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killari Satyam
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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38
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Koperniku A, Foth PJ, Sammis GM, Schafer LL. Zirconium Hydroaminoalkylation. An Alternative Disconnection for the Catalytic Synthesis of α-Arylated Primary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18944-18948. [PMID: 31718171 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary amine products have been prepared using zirconium-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of alkenes with N-silylated benzylamine substrates. Catalysis using commercially available Zr(NMe2)4 affords an alternative disconnection to access α-arylated primary amines upon aqueous workup. Substrate-dependent regio- and diastereoselectivity of the reaction is observed. Bulky substituents on the terminal alkene exclusively generate the linear regioisomer. This atom-economic catalytic strategy for the synthesis of building blocks that can undergo further synthetic elaboration is highlighted in the preparation of trifluoroethylated α-arylated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Koperniku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of British Columbia , 2405 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 , Canada
| | - Paul J Foth
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Glenn M Sammis
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry , The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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39
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Quivelli AF, Vitale P, Perna FM, Capriati V. Reshaping Ullmann Amine Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Mild Approach for Cu-Catalyzed C-N Coupling Reactions With No Additional Ligands. Front Chem 2019; 7:723. [PMID: 31737602 PMCID: PMC6833937 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CuI-catalyzed Ullmann amine cross-coupling between (hetero)aryl halides (Br, I) and aromatic and aliphatic amines has been accomplished in deep eutectic solvents as environmentally benign and recycling reaction media. Under optimized conditions, the reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions (60–100°C) in air, in the absence of ligands, with a catalyst (CuI) loading of 10 mol% and K2CO3 (aliphatic primary and secondary amines) or t-BuOK (aromatic amines) as the base. A variety of amines have been synthesized in yields up to 98% with a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francesca Quivelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Bari, Italy
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40
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Orr SA, Border EC, Andrews PC, Blair VL. Lithium-Bromide Exchange versus Nucleophilic Addition of Schiff's base: Unprecedented Tandem Cyclisation Pathways. Chemistry 2019; 25:11876-11882. [PMID: 31282040 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
By exploring lithium-bromide exchange reactivity of aromatic Schiff's bases with tert-butyllithium (tBuLi), we have revealed unprecedented competitive intermolecular and intramolecular cascade annulation pathways, leading to valuable compounds, such as iso-indolinones and N-substituted anthracene derivatives. A series of reaction parameters were probed, including solvent, stoichiometry, sterics and organolithium reagent choice, in order to understand the influences that limit such ring-closing pathways. With two viable reactivity options for the organolithium on the imine; namely, nucleophilic addition or lithium-bromide exchange, a surprising competitive nature was observed, where nucleophilic addition dominated, even under cryogenic conditions. Considering the most commonly used solvents for lithium-bromide exchange, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diethyl ether (Et2 O), contrasting reactivity outcomes were revealed with nucleophilic addition promoted in THF, while Et2 O yielded almost double the conversion of cyclic products than in THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Orr
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Emily C Border
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Victoria L Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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41
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Nikovskiy IA, Spiridonov KA, Zakharova DV, Platonova EO, Pavlov AA, Nelyubina YV, Polezhaev AV. Ortho-lithiation of N-aryl ferrocenylmethanimines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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42
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Alazet S, West MS, Patel P, Rousseaux SAL. Synthesis of Nitrile‐Bearing Quaternary Centers by an Equilibrium‐Driven Transnitrilation and Anion‐Relay Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10300-10304. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Alazet
- Davenport Research LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Michael S. West
- Davenport Research LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Purvish Patel
- Davenport Research LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Sophie A. L. Rousseaux
- Davenport Research LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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43
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Alazet S, West MS, Patel P, Rousseaux SAL. Synthesis of Nitrile‐Bearing Quaternary Centers by an Equilibrium‐Driven Transnitrilation and Anion‐Relay Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Alazet
- Davenport Research LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Michael S. West
- Davenport Research LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Purvish Patel
- Davenport Research LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Sophie A. L. Rousseaux
- Davenport Research LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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Sánchez-Condado A, Carriedo GA, Presa Soto A, Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, García-Álvarez J, Hevia E. Organolithium-Initiated Polymerization of Olefins in Deep Eutectic Solvents under Aerobic Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3134-3143. [PMID: 30892815 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite their ubiquitous presence in synthesis, the use of polar organolithium reagents under environmentally benign conditions constitutes one of the greatest challenges in sustainable chemistry. Their high reactivity imposes the use of severely restrictive protocols (e.g., moisture- and oxygen-free, toxic organic solvents, inert atmospheres, low temperatures, etc.). Making inroads towards meeting this challenge, a new air- and moisture-compatible organolithium-mediated methodology for the anionic polymerization of different olefins (e.g., styrenes and vinylpyridines) was established by pioneering the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an eco-friendly reaction medium in this type of transformation. Fine-tuning of the conditions (sonication of the reaction mixture at 40 °C in the absence of protecting atmosphere) along with careful choice of components of the DES [choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol (Gly) in a 1:2 ratio] furnished the desired organic polymers (homopolymers and random copolymers) in excellent yields (up to 90 %) and low polydispersities (IPD 1.1-1.3). Remarkably, the in situ-formed polystyril lithium intermediates exhibited a great resistance to hydrolysis in the eutectic mixture 1ChCl/2Gly (up to 1.5 h), hinting at an unexpected high stability of these otherwise highly reactive organolithium species in these unconventional reaction media. This unique stability can be exploited to create well defined block-copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sánchez-Condado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (Facultad de Química/IUQOEM), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gabino A Carriedo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (Facultad de Química/IUQOEM), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (Facultad de Química/IUQOEM), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María J Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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45
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Piontek A, Ochędzan‐Siodłak W, Bisz E, Szostak M. Nickel‐Catalyzed C(
sp
2
)−C(
sp
3
) Kumada Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Tosylates with Alkyl Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piontek
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
| | | | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 United States
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46
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Zhang Y, Luo L, Ge J, Yan SQ, Peng YX, Liu YR, Liu JX, Liu C, Ma T, Luo HQ. "On Water" Direct Organocatalytic Cyanoarylmethylation of Isatins for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-3-cyanomethyl Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4000-4008. [PMID: 30864430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An "on water" organocatalytic cyanoarylmethylation of aryl acetonitrile to isatins is developed, giving products in high yields and up to excellent diastereoselectivities. A remarkable enhancement of reaction rates and diastereoselectivities by water was observed under mild conditions. Moreover, this approach provides a highly efficient and environmentally benign access to thermodynamic 3-hydroxy-3-cyanomethyl oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Liang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Jin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Su-Qiong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Yan-Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Ya-Ru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Jin-Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Chong Liu
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group, Chemical Engineering Department , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Tianqiong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Hai-Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
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47
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Huber F, Roesslein J, Gademann K. Preparation of Indolenines via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Org Lett 2019; 21:2560-2564. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Huber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Roesslein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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48
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Dilauro G, Francesca Quivelli A, Vitale P, Capriati V, Perna FM. Water and Sodium Chloride: Essential Ingredients for Robust and Fast Pd-Catalysed Cross-Coupling Reactions between Organolithium Reagents and (Hetero)aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1799-1802. [PMID: 30516878 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Direct palladium-catalysed cross-couplings between organolithium reagents and (hetero)aryl halides (Br, Cl) proceed fast, cleanly and selectively at room temperature in air, with water as the only reaction medium and in the presence of NaCl as a cheap additive. Under optimised reaction conditions, a water-accelerated catalysis is responsible for furnishing C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ), C(sp2 )-C(sp2 ), and C(sp)-C(sp2 ) cross-coupled products, in competition with protonolysis, within a reaction time of 20 s, in yields of up to 99 %, and in the absence of undesired dehalogenated/homocoupling side products even when challenging secondary organolithiums serve as the starting material. It is worth noting that the proposed protocol is scalable and the catalyst and water can easily and successfully be recycled up to 10 times, with an E-factor as low as 7.35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Francesca Quivelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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49
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Dilauro G, Francesca Quivelli A, Vitale P, Capriati V, Perna FM. Water and Sodium Chloride: Essential Ingredients for Robust and Fast Pd‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reactions between Organolithium Reagents and (Hetero)aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “A. Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Andrea Francesca Quivelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “A. Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “A. Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “A. Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del FarmacoUniversità di Bari “A. Moro”Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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50
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Bouzayani N, Marque S, Kacem Y, Kraïem J, Bourdreux F, Marrot J, Ben Hassine B. Chiral arylideneaminoimidazolidin-4-ones: green synthesis and isomerisation mechanism in solution. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arylideneaminoimidazolidin-4-ones synthesized from (l)-α-amino acid via a full green procedure in water (atom economy 91.7% and E-factor 0.09) have been investigated by NMR spectroscopies and DFT calculations, highlighting a development of the species according to an isomerization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouzayani
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Asymétrique et Catalyse Homogène
- (UR 11ES56) Université de Monastir
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir
- avenue de l’environnement
- Monastir 5000
| | - Sylvain Marque
- Université de Versailles
- Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV)
- UMR CNRS 8180
- 45 avenue des Etats-Unis
| | - Yakdhane Kacem
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Asymétrique et Catalyse Homogène
- (UR 11ES56) Université de Monastir
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir
- avenue de l’environnement
- Monastir 5000
| | - Jamil Kraïem
- Laboratoire de Développement Chimique
- Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir
- Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne
- 5000 Monastir
| | - Flavien Bourdreux
- Université de Versailles
- Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV)
- UMR CNRS 8180
- 45 avenue des Etats-Unis
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- Université de Versailles
- Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV)
- UMR CNRS 8180
- 45 avenue des Etats-Unis
| | - Béchir Ben Hassine
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Asymétrique et Catalyse Homogène
- (UR 11ES56) Université de Monastir
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir
- avenue de l’environnement
- Monastir 5000
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