1
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Li P, Zhang ZJ, Guo YT, Guan J, Wen Xi LB, Lin LP. Isolation of undescribed cladosporols and spirobisnaphthalenes from a plant pathogen Cladosporium cladosporioides F-10-2-A. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 222:114073. [PMID: 38565420 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Two undescribed cladosporol derivatives, cladosporols J-K (1-2), and three previously unreported spirobisnaphthalenes, urnucratins D-F (3-5), as well as eleven known cladosporols (6-16), were characterized from Cladosporium cladosporioides (Cladosporiaceae), a common plant pathogen isolated from the skin of Chinese toad. Cladosporols J-K (1-2) with a single double bond have been rarely reported, while urnucratins D-F (3-5) featured an unusual benzoquinone bisnaphthospiroether skeleton, contributing to an expanding category of undiscovered natural products. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined using extensive spectroscopic methods, including NMR, HRESIMS analyses, X-ray single crystal diffraction, as well as through experimental ECD analyses. Biological assays revealed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activity against A549 cells, with IC50 values of 30.11 ± 3.29 and 34.32 ± 2.66 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zi Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Tong Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Guan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Bo Wen Xi
- Class 1, Grade 11, Sino-U.S. Program of the International Department of Nanjing No. 13 Middle School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Li-Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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2
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Latrache M, Lefebvre C, Abe M, Hoffmann N. Photochemically Induced Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Intramolecular Radical Cyclization Reactions with Oxazolones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16435-16455. [PMID: 37983612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Photochemically induced intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer in oxazolones is reported. An acetal or thioacetal function at the side chain acts as a hydrogen donor while the photochemical exited oxazolone is the acceptor. A one-step process─the electron and the proton are simultaneously transferred─is productive, while electron transfer followed by proton transfer is inefficient. Radical combination then takes place, leading to the formation of a C-C or C-N bond. The regioselectivity of the reaction is explained by the diradical/zwitterion dichotomy of radical intermediates at the singlet state. In the present case, the zwitterion structure plays a central role, and intramolecular electron transfer favors spin-orbit coupling and thus the intersystem crossing to the singlet state. The reaction of corresponding thioacetal derivatives is less efficient. In this case, photochemical electron transfer is competitive. The photoproducts resulting from C-C bond formation easily undergo stepwise thermal decarboxylation in which zwitterionic and polar transition states are involved. A computational study of this step has also been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Latrache
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
| | - Corentin Lefebvre
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
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3
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Shcherbinin VA, Nasibullina ER, Mendogralo EY, Uchuskin MG. Natural epoxyquinoids: isolation, biological activity and synthesis. An update. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8215-8243. [PMID: 37812083 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01141k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyquinoids are of continuing interest due to their wide natural distribution and diverse biological activities, including, but not limited to, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, enzyme inhibitory, and others. The last review on their total synthesis was published in 2017. Since then, almost 100 articles have been published on their isolation from nature and their biological profile. In addition, the review specifically considers synthesis, including total and enantioselective, as well as the development of shorter approaches for the construction of epoxyquinoids with complex chemical architecture. Thus, this review focuses on progress in this area in order to stimulate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly A Shcherbinin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina R Nasibullina
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Y Mendogralo
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation.
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russian Federation.
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4
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Yokoya M, Yamazaki-Nakai M, Nakai K, Sirimangkalakitti N, Chamni S, Suwanborirux K, Saito N. Transformation of Renieramycin M into Renieramycins T and S by Intramolecular Photoredox Reaction of 7-Methoxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,8-dione Derivatives. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:222-231. [PMID: 36631738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In connection with our studies of biologically active 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline marine natural products, we describe herein a useful intramolecular photoredox transformation of 7-methoxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,8-dione tricyclic models into 5-hydroxy-tetrahydroisoquinol[1,3]dioxoles in excellent yields. We applied this methodology to the transformation of renieramycin M into renieramycins T and S and the transformation of saframycin A. The results of cytotoxicity studies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yokoya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Miku Yamazaki-Nakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Keiyo Nakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Natchanun Sirimangkalakitti
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Supakarn Chamni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanit Suwanborirux
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naoki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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5
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Ando Y, Ogawa D, Ohmori K, Suzuki K. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Preussomerins: Control of Spiroacetal Stereogenicity by Photochemical Reaction of a Naphthoquinone through 1,6-Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213682. [PMID: 36446739 PMCID: PMC10107447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We report the enantioselective total syntheses of preussomerins EG1 , EG2 , and EG3 . The key transformation is a stereospecific photochemical reaction involving 1,6-hydrogen atom transfer to achieve retentive replacement of a C-H with a C-O bond, enabling otherwise-difficult control of the spiroacetal stereogenic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Daichi Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmori
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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6
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Dai M, Duan M, Li X, Guo Y, Ma J. Intramolecular Photoredox Reaction Mechanism of Naphthoquinone Compounds: Combined Time-Resolved Spectroscopies and DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:710-716. [PMID: 36630686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopies and DFT calculations were utilized to investigate the photoredox mechanisms of naphthoquinone compounds. 5-Methoxy-8-tetrahydropyrane-1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) and 2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl) 1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) were excited to singlet excited species (labeled NQ(S1) and MNQ(S1), respectively). NQ(S1) underwent intersystem crossing to produce a triplet NQ, which further underwent hydrogen atom transfer to form a biradical intermediate. The biradical underwent electron transfer to form a zwitterion, followed by cyclization and proton transfer to generate a photoproduct. MNQ(S1) underwent a 1,4-proton transfer process to produce a quinone methide intermediate (1,3-QM) with zwitterionic character, which tautomerized to 1,2-QM. Then, 1,2-QM underwent electrocyclization. The substituent on the parent naphthoquinone is the key factor leading to the different reaction processes for NQ and MNQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Mei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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7
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Sasaki M, Seida M, Umehara A. Convergent and Scalable Synthesis of the ABCDE-Ring Fragment of Caribbean Ciguatoxin C-CTX-1. J Org Chem 2023; 88:403-418. [PMID: 36537759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Convergent and scalable synthesis of the ABCDE-ring fragment of Caribbean ciguatoxin C-CTX-1, the major causative toxin for ciguatera poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and the Northeast Atlantic areas, is described in detail. The key features of the synthesis include an iterative use of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)/PhI(OAc)2-mediated oxidative lactonization and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling en route to the DE-ring system and a convergent fragment coupling to form the ABCDE-ring skeleton via the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sasaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Miku Seida
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umehara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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8
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Xu L, Ma H, An X, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu X, Wang M. Total synthesis, structure revision and cytotoxic activity of Sch 53825 and its derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17629-17636. [PMID: 35765427 PMCID: PMC9194939 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of Sch 53825 (14) was achieved in 12 steps from 5-hydroxy-1-tetralone in 16% overall yield through N-benzyl cinchoninium chloride-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation and a Mitsunobu reaction as the key steps. On this basis, the synthesis of palmarumycin B6 was improved using the same raw material with 6 steps and 32% overall yield. Also, three new analogues with two chlorine atoms were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, HR-ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction data. The structure of natural Sch 53825 was revised as an epimer of compound 1 with the anti-hydroxy epoxide at C-4. Their cytotoxic activities against several tumor cell lines (HCT116, U251, BGC823, Huh-7 and PC9) showed that compound 11 exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against above mentioned cancer cell lines with IC50 < 0.5 μM. The first total synthesis of Sch 53825 (14) was achieved in 12 steps from 5-hydroxy-1-tetralone in 16% overall yield through N-benzyl cinchoninium chloride-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation and a Mitsunobu reaction as the key steps.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leichuan Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyun Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinkun An
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
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9
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Peng S, He J, Yang L, Zhang H, Li H, Lang M, Chen C, Wang J. PIDA-Promoted/HFIP-Controlled Dearomative Spirocyclization of Phenolic Ketones via a Spirocyclohexadienone-Oxocarbenium Cation Species. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6247-6262. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jieyin He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ming Lang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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10
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Liu X, Xu L, An X, Jiang J, Wang M. Synthesis and Larvicidal Activity of Palmarumycin B 6 Analogues. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Majhi S. Applications of Norrish type I and II reactions in the total synthesis of natural products: a review. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1357-1378. [PMID: 34537894 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural products and their analogue have played a key role in the drug discovery and development process. In the laboratory, the total synthesis of secondary metabolites is very useful in ascertaining the hypothetical complex structure of molecules of natural origin. Total synthesis of natural products using Norrish type I and II reactions as a crucial step has been explored in this overview. Norrish reactions are important photo-induced transformations of carbonyl compounds in organic synthetic chemistry and are connected in numerous industrially and biologically relevant procedures and the processing of carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere. The present review tries to focus on the brilliant applications of Norrish type I and II photochemical reactions as a key step in the total synthesis of natural products and highlights on natural sources, structures, and biological activities of the promising natural products for the first time elegantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasadhar Majhi
- Department of Chemistry (UG and PG Department), Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Kazi Nazrul University, Raniganj, 713347, West Bengal, India.
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12
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Shu X, Chen CC, Yu T, Yang J, Hu X. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (-)-Spiroxins A, C, and D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18514-18518. [PMID: 34138512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Spiroxins A, C, and D are metabolites that have been identified in the marine fungal strain LL-37H248. Their unique polycyclic structures and intriguing biological activities make them attractive targets for the synthetic community. Based on a scalable enantioselective epoxidation of 5-substituted naphthoquinone, an oxidation/spiroketalization cascade, ortho-selective chlorination of the phenol unit, and oxime-ester-directed acetoxylation, an enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-spiroxins A and C and the first total synthesis of (-)-spiroxin D have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Chong-Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xiangdong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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13
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Shu X, Chen C, Yu T, Yang J, Hu X. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Spiroxins A, C, and D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Chong‐Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xiangdong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
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14
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Abstract
Spiroaxillarone A, a novel and unique spirocyclic dinaphthalene natural product with significant antimalarial activity, was regioselectively synthesized from tetrahydrocurcumin in five steps with an overall 10% yield. Key features of the synthesis involved an oxidized free radical cycloaddition to build the spiro ring central skeleton and an oxidized dehydrogenation to introduce two double bonds via enol silicon ether from diketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhixiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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Ando Y, Matsumoto T, Suzuki K. Photoredox Reaction of Naphthoquinone
C
‐Glycoside Revisited: Insight into Stereochemical Aspect. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ando
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-Okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-Okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-Okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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16
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A photochemical study of the triplet excited state of pyrene-4,5-dione and pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetrone derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Ando Y. Total Syntheses of Structurally Complex Natural Products: Potential Reactivity of Organic Molecules. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ando
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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18
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Liu X, Li S, Wei X, Zhao Y, Lai D, Zhou L, Wang M. Total synthesis of Palmarumycin BGs, C 1 and Guignardin E. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1588-1594. [PMID: 35494718 PMCID: PMC9047396 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10316c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of Palmarumycin BG1–3, BG5–6, C1 and Guignardin E (1–7) were achieved by the same intermediate Palmarumycin C2 through a N-benzyl cinchoninium chloride-catalyzed epoxidation, an organoselenium-mediated reduction, and a cerium(iii) chloride hydrate-promoted regioselective ring-opening and elimination of cyclic α,β-epoxy ketone as the key steps via6–7 step routes using 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) and 5-methoxytetralone as the starting materials in overall yields of 1.0–17.4%, respectively. Their structures and absolute configurations were characterized and determined by 1H, 13C NMR, IR, HR-ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction data. These compounds displayed significant inhibition activities against HCT116, U87-MG, HepG2, BGC823 and PC9 cell lines. The first total syntheses of Palmarumycin BG1–3, BG5–6, C1 and Guignardin E were achieved. These compounds displayed significant inhibition activities against HCT116, U87-MG, HepG2, BGC823 and PC9 cell lines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
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19
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Ando Y, Tanaka D, Sasaki R, Ohmori K, Suzuki K. Stereochemical Dichotomy in Two Competing Cascade Processes: Total Syntheses of Both Enantiomers of Spiroxin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12507-12513. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ando
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Ryota Sasaki
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Ken Ohmori
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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20
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Ando Y, Tanaka D, Sasaki R, Ohmori K, Suzuki K. Stereochemical Dichotomy in Two Competing Cascade Processes: Total Syntheses of Both Enantiomers of Spiroxin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ando
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Ryota Sasaki
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Ken Ohmori
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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21
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Teixeira RI, Goulart JS, Corrêa RJ, Garden SJ, Ferreira SB, Netto-Ferreira JC, Ferreira VF, Miro P, Marin ML, Miranda MA, de Lucas NC. A photochemical and theoretical study of the triplet reactivity of furano- and pyrano-1,4-naphthoquionones towards tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13386-13397. [PMID: 35519567 PMCID: PMC9063979 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The photochemical reactivity of the triplet state of pyrano- and furano-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives (1 and 2) has been examined employing nanosecond laser flash photolysis. The quinone triplets were efficiently quenched by l-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride, l-tyrosine methyl ester hydrochloride, N-acetyl-l-tryptophan methyl ester and N-acetyl-l-tyrosine methyl ester, substituted phenols and indole (k q ∼109 L mol-1 s-1). For all these quenchers new transients were formed in the quenching process. These were assigned to the corresponding radical pairs that resulted from a coupled electron/proton transfer from the phenols, indole, amino acids, or their esters, to the excited state of the quinone. The proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism is supported by experimental rate constants, isotopic effects and theoretical calculations. The calculations revealed differences between the hydrogen abstraction reactions of phenol and indole substrates. For the latter, the calculations indicate that electron transfer and proton transfer occur as discrete steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo I Teixeira
- Instituto de Química - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária RJ Brazil
| | - Juliana S Goulart
- Instituto de Química - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária RJ Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J Corrêa
- Instituto de Química - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária RJ Brazil
| | - Simon J Garden
- Instituto de Química - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária RJ Brazil
| | - Sabrina B Ferreira
- Instituto de Química - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária RJ Brazil
| | | | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmaceûtica Niterói Santa Rosa Brazil
| | - Paula Miro
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Valencia Spain
| | - M Luisa Marin
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Valencia Spain
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Valencia Spain
| | - Nanci C de Lucas
- Instituto de Química - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária RJ Brazil
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22
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Ninomiya M, Ando Y, Kudo F, Ohmori K, Suzuki K. Total Synthesis of Actinorhodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4264-4270. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Ninomiya
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Yoshio Ando
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kudo
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Ken Ohmori
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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23
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Wang J, Torigoe T, Kuninobu Y. Hydrogen-Bond-Controlled Formal Meta-Selective C-H Transformations and Regioselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted Aromatic Compounds. Org Lett 2019; 21:1342-1346. [PMID: 30735396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The meta-selective introduction of functional groups into aromatic substrates was successfully achieved by hydrogen-bond-controlled meta-selective C-H borylation and successive conversion of the boryl group to other functional groups. By this method a wide range of functional groups could be introduced without isolation of the borylated intermediates. The desired meta-functionalized aromatic products were obtained in a one-pot manner even on a gram scale. Regioselective synthesis of multisubstituted aromatic compounds was also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasugakoen , Kasuga-shi , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | - Takeru Torigoe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasugakoen , Kasuga-shi , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan.,Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasugakoen , Kasuga-shi , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasugakoen , Kasuga-shi , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan.,Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasugakoen , Kasuga-shi , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
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24
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Ninomiya M, Ando Y, Kudo F, Ohmori K, Suzuki K. Total Synthesis of Actinorhodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Ninomiya
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Yoshio Ando
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kudo
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Ken Ohmori
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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25
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Aand D, Mahajan B, Pabbaraja S, Singh AK. Integrated continuous flow/batch protocol for the photoreduction of ortho-methyl phenyl ketones using water as the hydrogen source. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00110g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct hydrogenation of ketones (RRCO) with water to secondary alcohols under catalyst-free, minimal risk conditions, through the light-driven transfer hydrogenation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar Aand
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Bhushan Mahajan
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Ajay K. Singh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
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26
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Ando Y, Wakita F, Ohmori K, Suzuki K. Intramolecular photoredox reactions of 1,2-naphthoquinone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2663-2666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Liu X, Wang W, Zhao Y, Lai D, Zhou L, Liu Z, Wang M. Total Synthesis and Structure Revision of Palmarumycin B 6. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1803-1809. [PMID: 30102534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Palmarumycin B6 and its regioisomer were synthesized via 7- and 13-step routes using 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenyl methyl ether as the starting materials in overall yields of 2.7% and 12%, respectively. Their structures were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, HRESIMS, and X-ray diffraction data. The structure of palmarumycin B6 was revised as 6-chloropalmarumycin CP17. The bioassay results showed that the larvicidal activity of palmarumycin B6 with an LC50 value of 32.7 μM was significantly higher than that of its 8-chloro isomer, with an LC50 value of 227.3 μM.
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28
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Ando Y, Suzuki K. Photoredox Reactions of Quinones. Chemistry 2018; 24:15955-15964. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ando
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 O-okayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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29
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Wakita F, Ando Y, Ohmori K, Suzuki K. Model Reactions for the Enantioselective Synthesis of γ-Rubromycin: Stereospecific Intramolecular Photoredox Cyclization of an ortho-Quinone Ether to a Spiroacetal. Org Lett 2018; 20:3928-3932. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Wakita
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmori
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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30
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Lefebvre C, Michelin C, Martzel T, Djou’ou Mvondo V, Bulach V, Abe M, Hoffmann N. Photochemically Induced Intramolecular Radical Cyclization Reactions with Imines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1867-1875. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Lefebvre
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Clément Michelin
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Thomas Martzel
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Vaneck Djou’ou Mvondo
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Véronique Bulach
- Laboratoire
de Tectonique Moléculaire (UMR 7140), Institut Le Bel, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshima Research
Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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31
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Takikawa H, Nishii A, Sakai T, Suzuki K. Aryne-based strategy in the total synthesis of naturally occurring polycyclic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8030-8056. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review has outlined the strategies and tactics of using arynes in the total syntheses of polycyclic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Arata Nishii
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakai
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
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32
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