1
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Diemer V, Roy E, Agouridas V, Melnyk O. Protein desulfurization and deselenization. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39010733 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00135d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Methods enabling the dechalcogenation of thiols or selenols have been investigated and developed for a long time in fields of research as diverse as the study of prebiotic chemistry, the engineering of fuel processing techniques, the study of biomolecule structures and function or the chemical synthesis of biomolecules. The dechalcogenation of thiol or selenol amino acids is nowadays a particularly flourishing area of research for being a pillar of modern chemical protein synthesis, when used in combination with thiol or selenol-based chemoselective peptide ligation chemistries. This review offers a comprehensive and scholarly overview of the field, emphasizing emerging trends and providing a detailed and critical mechanistic discussion of the dechalcogenation methods developed so far. Taking advantage of recently published reports, it also clarifies some unexpected desulfurization reactions that were observed in the past and for which no explanation was provided at the time. Additionally, the review includes a discussion on principal desulfurization methods within the framework of newly introduced green chemistry metrics and toolkits, providing a well-rounded exploration of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Diemer
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Eliott Roy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Vangelis Agouridas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
- Centrale Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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2
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Jing R, Walczak MA. Peptide and Protein Desulfurization with Diboron Reagents. Org Lett 2024; 26:2590-2595. [PMID: 38517348 PMCID: PMC10999128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report a direct and robust desulfurization method employing water-soluble phosphine, specifically tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), and tetrahydroxydiboron (B2(OH)4), which serves as a radical initiator. This innovative reaction exhibits compatibility with a diverse array of substrates, including cysteine residues in chemically synthesized oligopeptides and cyclic peptides, alkyl thiols in bioactive molecules, disulfides in commercial proteins, and selenocysteine. We optimized the reaction conditions to minimize the formation of undesired oxidized and borylated byproducts. Furthermore, the refined desulfurization process is executed after native chemical ligation (NCL) in a single pot, streamlining the existing synthetic approaches. This demonstrates its potential applications in the synthesis of complex peptides and proteins, showcasing a significant advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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3
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Zhao Z, Laps S, Gichtin JS, Metanis N. Selenium chemistry for spatio-selective peptide and protein functionalization. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:211-229. [PMID: 38388838 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The ability to construct a peptide or protein in a spatio-specific manner is of great interest for therapeutic and biochemical research. However, the various functional groups present in peptide sequences and the need to perform chemistry under mild and aqueous conditions make selective protein functionalization one of the greatest synthetic challenges. The fascinating paradox of selenium (Se) - being found in both toxic compounds and also harnessed by nature for essential biochemical processes - has inspired the recent exploration of selenium chemistry for site-selective functionalization of peptides and proteins. In this Review, we discuss such approaches, including metal-free and metal-catalysed transformations, as well as traceless chemical modifications. We report their advantages, limitations and applications, as well as future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shay Laps
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob S Gichtin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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4
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Zhao J, Liu X, Liu J, Ye F, Wei B, Deng M, Li T, Huang P, Wang P. Chemical Synthesis Creates Single Glycoforms of the Ectodomain of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Glycoprotein D. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2615-2623. [PMID: 38117537 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) utilizes multiple viral surface glycoproteins to trigger virus entry and fusion. Among these glycoproteins, glycoprotein D (gD) functions as a receptor-binding protein, which makes it an attractive target for the development of vaccines against HSV-1 infection. Several recombinant gD subunit vaccines have been investigated in both preclinical and clinical phases with varying degrees of success. It is fundamentally critical to explore the functions of gD glycans. In light of this, we report an efficient synthetic platform to construct glycosylated gDs bearing homogeneous glycans at N94 and N121. The oligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic synthesis and conjugated to peptidyl sectors. The glycoproteins were constructed via a combination of 7-(piperazin-1-yl)-2-(methyl)quinolinyl (PPZQ)-assisted expressed protein ligation and β-mercapto amino acid-assisted-desulfurization strategies. Biological studies showed that synthetic gDs exhibited potent in vivo activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Farong Ye
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingcheng Wei
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Minggang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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5
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Ma Y, Deng J, Gu J, Jiang D, Lv K, Ye X, Yao Q. Recent progress in photoinduced direct desulfurization of thiols. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7873-7879. [PMID: 37750040 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of mercaptans plays an important role in diverse areas such as protein synthesis, polymer science, environmental study, and pharmaceutical chemistry. Despite significant advancements in this area, particularly in light-induced transformations, review articles have rarely been reported on this topic. Thus, this review article emphasizes the direct photoinduced desulfurization and functionalization of thiols to alkanes or coupling products, with a focus on significant advancements made in the last decade. The progress is discussed according to the types of bonds formed from the cleavage of Csp3-SH bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Jinfei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Jianyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Dengbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Kaizhuo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Xiushen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Qiuli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 Xuefu Road West, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
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6
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Abstract
Deposits of the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) serve as a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. Numerous studies have demonstrated that in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Tau undergoes extensive remodeling. The attachment of post-translational modifications distributed throughout the entire sequence of the protein correlates with clinical presentation. A systematic examination of these protein alterations can shed light on their roles in both healthy and diseased states. However, the ability to access these modifications in the entire protein chain is limited as Tau can only be produced recombinantly or through semisynthesis. In this article, we describe the first chemical synthesis of the longest 2N4R isoform of Tau, consisting of 441 amino acids. The 2N4R Tau was divided into 3 major segments and a total of 11 fragments, all of which were prepared via solid-phase peptide synthesis. The successful chemical strategy has relied on the strategic use of two cysteine sites (C291 and C322) for the native chemical ligations (NCLs). This was combined with modern preparative protein chemistries, such as mercaptothreonine ligation (T205), diselenide-selenoester ligation (D358), and mutations of mercaptoamino acids into native residues via homogeneous radical desulfurization (A40, A77, A119, A157, A246, and A390). The successful completion of the synthesis has established a robust and scalable route to the native protein in multimilligram quantities and high purity. In broader terms, the presented strategy can be applied to the preparation of other shorter isoforms of Tau as well as to introduce all post-translational modifications that are characteristic of tauopathies such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt C Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ruiheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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7
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Harrison K, Mackay AS, Kambanis L, Maxwell JWC, Payne RJ. Synthesis and applications of mirror-image proteins. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:383-404. [PMID: 37173596 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The homochirality of biomolecules in nature, such as DNA, RNA, peptides and proteins, has played a critical role in establishing and sustaining life on Earth. This chiral bias has also given synthetic chemists the opportunity to generate molecules with inverted chirality, unlocking valuable new properties and applications. Advances in the field of chemical protein synthesis have underpinned the generation of numerous 'mirror-image' proteins (those comprised entirely of D-amino acids instead of canonical L-amino acids), which cannot be accessed using recombinant expression technologies. This Review seeks to highlight recent work on synthetic mirror-image proteins, with a focus on modern synthetic strategies that have been leveraged to access these complex biomolecules as well as their applications in protein crystallography, drug discovery and the creation of mirror-image life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriona Harrison
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angus S Mackay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucas Kambanis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua W C Maxwell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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8
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Harel O, Jbara M. Chemical Synthesis of Bioactive Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217716. [PMID: 36661212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nature has developed a plethora of protein machinery to operate and maintain nearly every task of cellular life. These processes are tightly regulated via post-expression modifications-transformations that modulate intracellular protein synthesis, folding, and activation. Methods to prepare homogeneously and precisely modified proteins are essential to probe their function and design new bioactive modalities. Synthetic chemistry has contributed remarkably to protein science by allowing the preparation of novel biomacromolecules that are often challenging or impractical to prepare via common biological means. The ability to chemically build and precisely modify proteins has enabled the production of new molecules with novel physicochemical properties and programmed activity for biomedical research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. This minireview summarizes recent developments in chemical protein synthesis to produce bioactive proteins, with emphasis on novel analogs with promising in vitro and in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Harel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Muhammad Jbara
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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9
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Insights into the ribosome function from the structures of non-arrested ribosome-nascent chain complexes. Nat Chem 2023; 15:143-153. [PMID: 36316410 PMCID: PMC9840698 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During protein synthesis, the growing polypeptide threads through the ribosomal exit tunnel and modulates ribosomal activity by itself or by sensing various small molecules, such as metabolites or antibiotics, appearing in the tunnel. While arrested ribosome-nascent chain complexes (RNCCs) have been extensively studied structurally, the lack of a simple procedure for the large-scale preparation of peptidyl-tRNAs, intermediates in polypeptide synthesis that carry the growing chain, means that little attention has been given to RNCCs representing functionally active states of the ribosome. Here we report the facile synthesis of stably linked peptidyl-tRNAs through a chemoenzymatic approach based on native chemical ligation and use them to determine several structures of RNCCs in the functional pre-attack state of the peptidyl transferase centre. These structures reveal that C-terminal parts of the growing peptides adopt the same uniform β-strand conformation stabilized by an intricate network of hydrogen bonds with the universally conserved 23S rRNA nucleotides, and explain how the ribosome synthesizes growing peptides containing various sequences with comparable efficiencies.
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10
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Diemer V, Melnyk O. Protein desulfurization: Sodium tetraethylborate makes it fast. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Sun Z, Ma W, Cao Y, Wei T, Mo X, Chow HY, Tan Y, Cheung CH, Liu J, Lee HK, Tse EC, Liu H, Li X. Superfast desulfurization for protein chemical synthesis and modification. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Wan C, Yang D, Qin X, Xue Z, Guo X, Hou Z, Jiang C, Yin F, Wang R, Li Z. Flavin catalyzed desulfurization of peptides and proteins in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4105-4109. [PMID: 35546316 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic method has been established for the chemo-selective desulfurization of cysteinyl peptides and proteins in aqueous media. The derivatives of biocatalytic cofactors, flavins, were found to be efficient photosensitizers in a thiyl-radical-mediated desulfurization of Cys. The reaction was conducted in an ultrafast manner with both polypeptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Dongyan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Ziyi Xue
- College of chemistry & chemical engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Zhanfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Chenran Jiang
- Pingshan translational medicine center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Feng Yin
- Pingshan translational medicine center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Pingshan translational medicine center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China. .,Pingshan translational medicine center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
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13
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Li Y, Wei B, Liu X, Zhao J, Ye F, Zhou Z, Ding B, Wang P. Quinoline-Based Photolabile Protection Strategy Facilitates Efficient Protein Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1232-1242. [PMID: 35034454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL) provides a powerful solution to assemble proteins with precise chemical features, which enables a detailed investigation of the protein structure-function relationship. As an extension to NCL, the discovery of desulfurization and expressed protein ligation (EPL) techniques has greatly expanded the efficient access to large or challenging protein sequences via chemical ligations. Despite its superior reliability, the NCL-desulfurization protocol requires orthogonal protection strategies to allow selective desulfurization in the presence of native Cys, which is crucial to its synthetic application. In contrast to traditional thiol protecting groups, photolabile protecting groups (PPGs), which are removed upon irradiation, simplify protein assembly and therefore provide minimal perturbation to the peptide scaffold. However, current PPG strategies are mainly limited to nitro-benzyl derivatives, which are incompatible with NCL-desulfurization. Herein, we present for the first time that quinoline-based PPG for cysteine can facilitate various ligation strategies, including iterative NCL and EPL-desulfurization methods. 7-(Piperazin-1-yl)-2-(methyl)quinolinyl (PPZQ) caging of multiple cysteine residues within the protein sequence can be readily introduced via late-stage modification, while the traceless removal of PPZQ is highly efficient via photolysis in an aqueous buffer. In addition, the PPZQ group is compatible with radical desulfurization. The efficiency of this strategy has been highlighted by the synthesis of γ-synuclein and phosphorylated cystatin-S via one-pot iterative ligation and EPL-desulfurization methods. Besides, successful sextuple protection and deprotection of the expressed Interleukin-34 fragment demonstrate the great potential of this strategy in protein caging/uncaging investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunxue Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingcheng Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Farong Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongneng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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14
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Li T, Peng P, Huang X. Sulfated Glycoprotein Synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2530:1-17. [PMID: 35761038 PMCID: PMC9721108 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2489-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical protein synthesis has achieved tremendous progress in the past decades. With the development of chemical ligation as powerful tools, the scope of synthetic protein is greatly expanded. Proteoglycans are a class of sulfated glycoproteins widely distributed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, which are extensively engaged in cellular communication events. Consisting of protein backbone and glycosaminoglycan(s) side chain, proteoglycans are highly complex and heterogeneous in nature. Chemical synthesis provides facile and reliable approach to these molecules, with defined glycan structure and sulfation pattern. One remaining problem is that the acid-labile sulfates could hardly survive during the typical solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) process. In this chapter, strategic design of a "glycopeptide cassette" for the preparation of sulfated glycoprotein is described. In particular, we provide protocols for the chemical synthesis of ectodomain fragment (23-120) of sulfated glycoprotein syndecan-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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15
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Chen K, Yu FQ, Zhang YN, Fang GM. Total Chemical Synthesis of a SARS-CoV-2 Miniprotein Inhibitor LCB1. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2530:19-31. [PMID: 35761039 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2489-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation is a widely used technique for peptide fragment condensation in aqueous solutions, which has broken through the length limitation of traditional solid-phase peptide synthesis. It can achieve high-efficient chemical synthesis of proteins containing more than 300 amino acid residues. Peptide hydrazide, as a valuable reagent equivalent to a thioester peptide, can be easily and efficiently prepared by the Fmoc-based SPPS method and has been widely used in native chemical ligation. Here we take the chemical synthesis of a SARS-CoV-2 miniprotein inhibitor LCB1 as an example to describe the detailed procedure of hydrazide-based native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei-Qiang Yu
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Ni Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ge-Min Fang
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China.
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16
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Okamoto R, Iritani K, Amazaki Y, Zhao D, Chandrashekar C, Maki Y, Kanemitsu Y, Kaino T, Kajihara Y. Semisynthesis of a Homogeneous Glycoprotein Using Chemical Transformation of Peptides to Thioester Surrogates. J Org Chem 2021; 87:114-124. [PMID: 34889597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Semisynthesis using recombinant polypeptides as building blocks is a powerful approach for the preparation of proteins with a variety of modifications such as glycosylation. The activation of the C terminus of recombinant peptides is a key step for coupling peptide building blocks and preparing a full-length polypeptide of a target protein. This article reports two chemical approaches for transformation of the C terminus of recombinant polypeptides to thioester surrogates. The first approach relies on efficient substitution of the C-terminal Cys residue with bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amine (SEA) to yield peptide-thioester surrogates. The second approach employs a native tripeptide, cysteinyl-glycyl-cysteine (CGC), to yield peptide-thioesters via a process mediated by a thioester surrogate. Both chemical transformation methods employ native peptide sequences and were thereby successfully applied to recombinant polypeptides. As a consequence, we succeeded in the semisynthesis of a glycosylated form of inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kento Iritani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoko Amazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Chaitra Chandrashekar
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuta Maki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yurie Kanemitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoka Kaino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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17
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Chaudhuri D, Ganesan R, Vogelaar A, Dughbaj MA, Beringer PM, Camarero JA. Chemical Synthesis of a Potent Antimicrobial Peptide Murepavadin Using a Tandem Native Chemical Ligation/Desulfurization Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15242-15246. [PMID: 34641669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Classical approaches for the backbone cyclization of polypeptides require conditions that may compromise the chirality of the C-terminal residue during the activation step of the cyclization reaction. Here, we describe an efficient epimerization-free approach for the Fmoc-based synthesis of murepavadin using intramolecular native chemical ligation in combination with a concomitant desulfurization reaction. Using this approach, bioactive murepavadin was produced in a good yield in two steps. The synthetic peptide antibiotic showed potent activity against different clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. This approach can be easily adapted for the production of murepavadin analogues and other backbone-cyclized peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Rajasekaran Ganesan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Alicia Vogelaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Mansour A Dughbaj
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Paul M Beringer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Julio A Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
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18
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Yang X, Ben H, Ragauskas AJ. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Deuterium‐Labeled Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and Eco-textiles Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Haoxi Ben
- State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and Eco-textiles Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Center for Renewable Carbon Department of Forestry Wildlife and Fisheries University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Science Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI) Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
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19
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Heiss TK, Dorn RS, Prescher JA. Bioorthogonal Reactions of Triarylphosphines and Related Analogues. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6802-6849. [PMID: 34101453 PMCID: PMC10064493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal phosphines were introduced in the context of the Staudinger ligation over 20 years ago. Since that time, phosphine probes have been used in myriad applications to tag azide-functionalized biomolecules. The Staudinger ligation also paved the way for the development of other phosphorus-based chemistries, many of which are widely employed in biological experiments. Several reviews have highlighted early achievements in the design and application of bioorthogonal phosphines. This review summarizes more recent advances in the field. We discuss innovations in classic Staudinger-like transformations that have enabled new biological pursuits. We also highlight relative newcomers to the bioorthogonal stage, including the cyclopropenone-phosphine ligation and the phospha-Michael reaction. The review concludes with chemoselective reactions involving phosphite and phosphonite ligations. For each transformation, we describe the overall mechanism and scope. We also showcase efforts to fine-tune the reagents for specific functions. We further describe recent applications of the chemistries in biological settings. Collectively, these examples underscore the versatility and breadth of bioorthogonal phosphine reagents.
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20
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Qiu W, Shi S, Li R, Lin X, Rao L, Sun Z. A Mild, General,
Metal‐Free
Method for Desulfurization of Thiols and Disulfides Induced by
Visible‐Light. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ruining Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Liangming Rao
- Huzhou Research and Industrialization Center for Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1366 Hongfeng Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Zhankui Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
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21
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Kerdraon F, Bogard G, Snella B, Drobecq H, Pichavant M, Agouridas V, Melnyk O. Insights into the Mechanism and Catalysis of Peptide Thioester Synthesis by Alkylselenols Provide a New Tool for Chemical Protein Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:1386. [PMID: 33806630 PMCID: PMC7961367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While thiol-based catalysts are widely employed for chemical protein synthesis relying on peptide thioester chemistry, this is less true for selenol-based catalysts whose development is in its infancy. In this study, we compared different selenols derived from the selenocysteamine scaffold for their capacity to promote thiol-thioester exchanges in water at mildly acidic pH and the production of peptide thioesters from bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido (SEA) peptides. The usefulness of a selected selenol compound is illustrated by the total synthesis of a biologically active human chemotactic protein, which plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Kerdraon
- U1019-UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.K.); (G.B.); (B.S.); (H.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Gemma Bogard
- U1019-UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.K.); (G.B.); (B.S.); (H.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Benoît Snella
- U1019-UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.K.); (G.B.); (B.S.); (H.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Hervé Drobecq
- U1019-UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.K.); (G.B.); (B.S.); (H.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- U1019-UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.K.); (G.B.); (B.S.); (H.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Vangelis Agouridas
- U1019-UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.K.); (G.B.); (B.S.); (H.D.); (M.P.)
- Centrale Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- U1019-UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (F.K.); (G.B.); (B.S.); (H.D.); (M.P.)
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22
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Griffiths RC, Smith FR, Long JE, Williams HEL, Layfield R, Mitchell NJ. Site-Selective Modification of Peptides and Proteins via Interception of Free-Radical-Mediated Dechalcogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23659-23667. [PMID: 32893423 PMCID: PMC7756370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of site‐selective chemistry targeting the canonical amino acids enables the controlled installation of desired functionalities into native peptides and proteins. Such techniques facilitate the development of polypeptide conjugates to advance therapeutics, diagnostics, and fundamental science. We report a versatile and selective method to functionalize peptides and proteins through free‐radical‐mediated dechalcogenation. By exploiting phosphine‐induced homolysis of the C−Se and C−S bonds of selenocysteine and cysteine, respectively, we demonstrate the site‐selective installation of groups appended to a persistent radical trap. The reaction is rapid, operationally simple, and chemoselective. The resulting aminooxy linker is stable under a variety of conditions and selectively cleavable in the presence of a low‐oxidation‐state transition metal. We have explored the full scope of this reaction using complex peptide systems and a recombinantly expressed protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Frances R Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jed E Long
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Huw E L Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nicholas J Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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23
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Griffiths RC, Smith FR, Long JE, Williams HEL, Layfield R, Mitchell NJ. Site‐Selective Modification of Peptides and Proteins via Interception of Free‐Radical‐Mediated Dechalcogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C. Griffiths
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Frances R. Smith
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Jed E. Long
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Huw E. L. Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Nicholas J. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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24
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Tan Y, Wu H, Wei T, Li X. Chemical Protein Synthesis: Advances, Challenges, and Outlooks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20288-20298. [PMID: 33211477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary chemical protein synthesis has been dramatically advanced over the past few decades, which has enabled chemists to reach the landscape of synthetic biomacromolecules. Chemical synthesis can produce synthetic proteins with precisely controlled structures which are difficult or impossible to obtain via gene expression systems. Herein, we summarize the key enabling ligation technologies, major strategic developments, and some selected representative applications of synthetic proteins and provide an outlook for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Tongyao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
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25
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Nakatsu K, Hayashi G, Okamoto A. Toolbox for chemically synthesized histone proteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 58:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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26
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Li T, Yang W, Ramadan S, Huang X. Synthesis of O-Sulfated Human Syndecan-1-like Glyco-polypeptides by Incorporating Peptide Ligation and O-Sulfated Glycopeptide Cassette Strategies. Org Lett 2020; 22:6429-6433. [PMID: 32806172 PMCID: PMC7517924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A successful synthesis of O-sulfated syndecan-1-like (Q23-E120) glyco-polypeptide was accomplished. The synthesis features the integration of an O-sulfated carbohydrate-bearing glycopeptide cassette with efficient protein ligation strategies, overcoming the acid lability of carbohydrate sulfates as a major hurdle in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Crucial to the synthesis is the microwave-assisted Ag(I) ligation, which afforded the ligation product in improved overall yield. This O-sulfated syndecan-1 (Q23-E120) is the longest O-sulfated glyco-polypeptide prepared to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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27
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Tan Y, Li J, Jin K, Liu J, Chen Z, Yang J, Li X. Cysteine/Penicillamine Ligation Independent of Terminal Steric Demands for Chemical Protein Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- Department of Chemistry State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Kang Jin
- Department of Chemistry State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Chemistry State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Chen
- Department of Chemistry State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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28
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Tan Y, Li J, Jin K, Liu J, Chen Z, Yang J, Li X. Cysteine/Penicillamine Ligation Independent of Terminal Steric Demands for Chemical Protein Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12741-12745. [PMID: 32343022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemical ligation of two unprotected peptides to generate a natural peptidic linkage specifically at the C- and N-termini is a desirable goal in chemical protein synthesis but is challenging because it demands high reactivity and selectivity (chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity). We report an operationally simple and highly effective chemical peptide ligation involving the ligation of peptides with C-terminal salicylaldehyde esters to peptides with N-terminal cysteine/penicillamine. The notable features of this method include its tolerance of steric hinderance from the side groups on either ligating terminus, thereby allowing flexible disconnection at sites that are otherwise difficult to functionalize. In addition, this method can be expanded to selective desulfurization and one-pot ligation-desulfurization reactions. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated by the synthesis of VISTA (216-311), PD-1 (192-288) and Eglin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Lab of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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29
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Yin H, Zheng M, Chen H, Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang Q, Wang P. Stereoselective and Divergent Construction of β-Thiolated/Selenolated Amino Acids via Photoredox-Catalyzed Asymmetric Giese Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14201-14209. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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30
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31
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Maguire OR, Zhu J, Brittain WDG, Hudson AS, Cobb SL, O'Donoghue AC. N-Terminal speciation for native chemical ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6114-6117. [PMID: 32363374 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01604g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL) enables the chemical synthesis of peptides via reactions between N-terminal thiolates and C-terminal thioesters under mild, aqueous conditions at pH 7-8. Here we demonstrate quantitatively how thiol speciation at N-terminal cysteines and analogues varies significantly depending upon structure at typical pH values used in NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R Maguire
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, University Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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32
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Mechanism, origin of diastereoselectivity and factors affecting reaction efficiency of serine/threonine ligation: A computational study. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Luo Y, Jiang C, Yu L, Yang A. Chemical Biology of Autophagy-Related Proteins With Posttranslational Modifications: From Chemical Synthesis to Biological Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:233. [PMID: 32309274 PMCID: PMC7145982 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pathway in all eukaryotic cells, which is critical for maintaining cell homeostasis. A series of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins are involved in the regulation of autophagy. The activities of ATG proteins are mainly modulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, lipidation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. To tackle molecular mechanisms of autophagy, more and more researches are focusing on the roles of PTMs in regulation of the activity of ATG proteins and autophagy process. The protein ligation techniques have emerged as powerful tools for the chemical engineering of proteins with PTMs, and provided effective methods to elucidate the molecular mechanism and physiological significance of PTMs. Recently, several ATG proteins with PTM were prepared by protein ligation techniques such as native chemical ligation (NCL), expressed protein ligation (EPL), peptide hydrazide-based NCL, and Sortase A-mediated ligation (SML). More importantly, the synthesized ATG proteins are successfully used to probe the mechanism of autophagy. In this review, we summarize protein ligation techniques for the preparation of ATG proteins with PTMs. In addition, we highlight the biological applications of synthetic ATG proteins to probe the autophagy mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Zuo C, Zhang B, Wu M, Bierer D, Shi J, Fang GM. Chemical synthesis and racemic crystallization of rat C5a-desArg. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Serra G, Posada L, Hojo H. On-resin synthesis of cyclic peptides via tandem N-to-S acyl migration and intramolecular thiol additive-free native chemical ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:956-959. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the synthesis of cyclic peptides by on-resin intramolecular native chemical ligation (NCL) assisted by N-ethylcysteine using Fmoc/SPPS is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serra
- Química Farmacéutica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo
| | - Laura Posada
- Química Farmacéutica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research
- Osaka University
- Yamadaoka
- Suita-shi
- Japan
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36
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LU D, Yin H, Wang S, Tang F, Huang W, Wang P. Chemical Synthesis of the Homogeneous Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Through Se-Auxiliary-Mediated Ligation. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1652-1660. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan LU
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongli Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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37
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Kamo N, Hayashi G, Okamoto A. Chemical Synthesis of Cys-Containing Protein via Chemoselective Deprotection with Different Palladium Complexes. Org Lett 2019; 21:8378-8382. [PMID: 31560553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report selective removals of N-terminal and internal Cys protecting groups using different palladium complexes to facilitate the efficient chemical protein synthesis. Utilizing the orthogonal deprotection pairs, we accomplished chemical synthesis of histone H3 containing trimethylated Lys through the combination of Pd(0)-mediated Alloc deprotection for one-pot multiple peptide ligation and Pd(II)Cl2-mediated Acm deprotection to recover native Cys residues after desulfurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kamo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Gosuke Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Akimitsu Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan
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38
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Protein Chemistry Looking Ahead: 8 th Chemical Protein Synthesis Meeting 16-19 June 2019, Berlin, Germany. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1349-1354. [PMID: 31626782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 8th Chemical Protein Synthesis meeting took place in Berlin in June 2019, covering broad topics in protein chemistry, ranging from synthetic methodology to applications in medicine and biomaterials. The meeting was also the culmination of the Priority Program SPP1623 on "Chemoselective Reactions for the Synthesis and Application of Functional Proteins" funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG) from 2012 to 2018. We present highlights from presentations at the forefront of the field, grouped into broad themes that illustrate how the field of protein chemistry is looking ahead to new discoveries and applications.
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39
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Jing X, Jin K. A gold mine for drug discovery: Strategies to develop cyclic peptides into therapies. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:753-810. [PMID: 31599007 DOI: 10.1002/med.21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile therapeutic modality, peptides attract much attention because of their great binding affinity, low toxicity, and the capability of targeting traditionally "undruggable" protein surfaces. However, the deficiency of cell permeability and metabolic stability always limits the success of in vitro bioactive peptides as drug candidates. Peptide macrocyclization is one of the most established strategies to overcome these limitations. Over the past decades, more than 40 cyclic peptide drugs have been clinically approved, the vast majority of which are derived from natural products. The de novo discovered cyclic peptides on the basis of rational design and in vitro evolution, have also enabled the binding with targets for which nature provides no solutions. The current review summarizes different classes of cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities, and presents an overview of various approaches to develop cyclic peptide-based drug candidates, drawing upon series of examples to illustrate each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Jing
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kang Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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40
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Wang S, Thopate YA, Zhou Q, Wang P. Chemical Protein Synthesis by Native Chemical Ligation and Variations Thereof. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yogesh Abaso Thopate
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
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41
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Lopp JM, Schmidt VA. Intermolecular Phosphite-Mediated Radical Desulfurative Alkene Alkylation Using Thiols. Org Lett 2019; 21:8031-8036. [PMID: 31552741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the development of a S atom transfer process using triethyl phosphite as the S atom acceptor that allows thiols to serve as precursors of C-centered radicals. A range of functionalized and electronically unbiased alkenes including those containing common heteroatom-based functional groups readily participate in this reductive coupling. This process is driven by the exchange of relatively weak S-H and C-S bonds of aliphatic thiols for C-H, C-C, and S-P bonds of the products formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Lopp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Valerie A Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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42
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Chow HY, Zhang Y, Matheson E, Li X. Ligation Technologies for the Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9971-10001. [PMID: 31318534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides have been attracting a lot of attention in recent decades, especially in the area of drug discovery, as more and more naturally occurring cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities have been discovered. Chemical synthesis of cyclic peptides is essential when studying their structure-activity relationships. Conventional peptide cyclization methods via direct coupling have inherent limitations, like the susceptibility to epimerization at the C-terminus, poor solubility of fully protected peptide precursors, and low yield caused by oligomerization. In this regard, chemoselective ligation-mediated cyclization methods have emerged as effective strategies for cyclic peptide synthesis. The toolbox for cyclic peptide synthesis has been expanded substantially in the past two decades, allowing more efficient synthesis of cyclic peptides with various scaffolds and modifications. This Review will explore different chemoselective ligation technologies used for cyclic peptide synthesis that generate both native and unnatural peptide linkages. The practical issues and limitations of different methods will be discussed. The advance in cyclic peptide synthesis will benefit the biological and medicinal study of cyclic peptides, an important class of macrocycles with potentials in numerous fields, notably in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Eilidh Matheson
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH8 9LE , United Kingdom
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
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43
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Yin H, Lu D, Wang S, Wang P. Development of Powerful Auxiliary-Mediated Ligation To Facilitate Rapid Protein Assembly. Org Lett 2019; 21:5138-5142. [PMID: 31247759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe an Se-auxiliary mediated ligation protocol capable of rapid native chemical ligations at sterically hindered junctions, followed by in situ auxiliary cleavage under neutral conditions without affecting unprotected Cys residues. This auxiliary, which is prepared from phenyl acetaldehyde in one step, can be conveniently attached to the N-terminal region of a peptide via a reductive amination or coupling reaction. We demonstrated this methodology by synthesizing two protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Dan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
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44
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Yanase M, Nakatsu K, Cardos CJ, Konda Y, Hayashi G, Okamoto A. Cysteinylprolyl imide (CPI) peptide: a highly reactive and easily accessible crypto-thioester for chemical protein synthesis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5967-5975. [PMID: 31360403 PMCID: PMC6566460 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00646j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new crypto-thioester, cysteinylprolyl imide (CPI) peptide, offers a practical synthetic pathway and reliable reaction rate to be successfully applied to chemical protein synthesis.
Native chemical ligation (NCL) between the C-terminal peptide thioester and the N-terminal cysteinyl-peptide revolutionized the field of chemical protein synthesis. The difficulty of direct synthesis of the peptide thioester in the Fmoc method has prompted the development of crypto-thioesters that can be efficiently converted into thioesters. Cysteinylprolyl ester (CPE), which is an N–S acyl shift-driven crypto-thioester that relies on an intramolecular O–N acyl shift to displace the amide-thioester equilibrium, enabled trans-thioesterification and subsequent NCL in one pot. However, the utility of CPE is limited because of the moderate thioesterification rates and the synthetic complexity introduced by the ester group. Herein, we develop a new crypto-thioester, cysteinylprolyl imide (CPI), which replaces the alcohol leaving group of CPE with other leaving groups such as benzimidazolidinone, oxazolidinone, and pyrrolidinone. CPI peptides were efficiently synthesized by using standard Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and subsequent on-resin imide formation. Screening of the several imide structures indicated that methyloxazolidinone-t-leucine (MeOxd-Tle) showed faster conversion into thioester and higher stability against hydrolysis under NCL conditions. Finally, by using CPMeOxd-Tle peptides, we demonstrated the chemical synthesis of affibody via N-to-C sequential, three-segment ligation and histone H2A.Z via convergent four-segment ligation. This facile and straightforward method is expected to be broadly applicable to chemical protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Yanase
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Koki Nakatsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Charlane Joy Cardos
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Yoshiki Konda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Gosuke Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan . .,Department of Biomolecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan .
| | - Akimitsu Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan . .,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan
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45
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Agouridas V, El Mahdi O, Diemer V, Cargoët M, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Native Chemical Ligation and Extended Methods: Mechanisms, Catalysis, Scope, and Limitations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7328-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Vincent Diemer
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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46
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Recent advances in the chemical synthesis and semi-synthesis of poly-ubiquitin-based proteins and probes. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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47
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Kent SBH. Novel protein science enabled by total chemical synthesis. Protein Sci 2018; 28:313-328. [PMID: 30345579 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis is a well-established method for the preparation in the research laboratory of multiple-tens-of-milligram amounts of correctly folded, high purity protein molecules. Chemically synthesized proteins enable a broad spectrum of novel protein science. Racemic mixtures consisting of d-protein and l-protein enantiomers facilitate crystallization and determination of protein structures by X-ray diffraction. d-Proteins enable the systematic development of unnatural mirror image protein molecules that bind with high affinity to natural protein targets. The d-protein form of a therapeutic target can also be used to screen natural product libraries to identify novel small molecule leads for drug development. Proteins with novel polypeptide chain topologies including branched, circular, linear-loop, and interpenetrating polypeptide chains can be constructed by chemical synthesis. Medicinal chemistry can be applied to optimize the properties of therapeutic protein molecules. Chemical synthesis has been used to redesign glycoproteins and for the a priori design and construction of covalently constrained novel protein scaffolds not found in nature. Versatile and precise labeling of protein molecules by chemical synthesis facilitates effective application of advanced physical methods including multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and time-resolved FTIR for the elucidation of protein structure-activity relationships. The chemistries used for total synthesis of proteins have been adapted to making artificial molecular devices and protein-inspired nanomolecular constructs. Research to develop mirror image life in the laboratory is in its very earliest stages, based on the total chemical synthesis of d-protein forms of polymerase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B H Kent
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
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48
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Jin K, Li X. Advances in Native Chemical Ligation-Desulfurization: A Powerful Strategy for Peptide and Protein Synthesis. Chemistry 2018; 24:17397-17404. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jin
- Department of Chemistry; State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry; State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong P. R. China
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49
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Hou Z, Sun C, Geng H, Hu K, Xie M, Ma Y, Jiang F, Yin F, Li Z. Facile Chemoselective Modification of Thio-Ethers Generates Chiral Center-Induced Helical Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2904-2908. [PMID: 30193458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A precisely positioned sulfimide chiral center on-tether of a thio-ether tethered peptide determines the peptide secondary structure by chemoselective oxaziridine modification. This method provides a facile way to tune peptides' secondary structures and biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Chengjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Hao Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Kuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Mingsheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Fan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , 518055 , China
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50
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Carlo U, Yasuhiro K. Recent advances in the chemical synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:130-137. [PMID: 30144649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins have many biological roles. Due to the heterogeneity of natural glycoproteins in the sugar part resulting in glycoforms the evaluation of the biochemical roles of individual glycans remains difficult to investigate. Since pure glycoforms are still not accessible via recombinant or chromatographic methods, the synthesis of proteins with uniform posttranslational modifications using ligation methods or glycan remodeling are currently the best options for accessing these targets. Recent developments in chemical protein synthesis, the assembly of N-glycans and the use of enzymatic procedures have provided access to many glycoproteins with modifications as well as their analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unverzagt Carlo
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Gebäude NWI, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Kajihara Yasuhiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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