1
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McCarthy DR, Xu K, Schenkelberg ME, Balegamire NAN, Liang H, Bellino SA, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Kinetically controlled synthesis of rotaxane geometric isomers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4860-4870. [PMID: 38550687 PMCID: PMC10967009 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04412b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Geometric isomerism in mechanically interlocked systems-which arises when the axle of a mechanically interlocked molecule is oriented, and the macrocyclic component is facially dissymmetric-can provide enhanced functionality for directional transport and polymerization catalysis. We now introduce a kinetically controlled strategy to control geometric isomerism in [2]rotaxanes. Our synthesis provides the major geometric isomer with high selectivity, broadening synthetic access to such interlocked structures. Starting from a readily accessible [2]rotaxane with a symmetrical axle, one of the two stoppers is activated selectively for stopper exchange by the substituents on the ring component. High selectivities are achieved in these reactions, based on coupling the selective formation reactions leading to the major products with inversely selective depletion reactions for the minor products. Specifically, in our reaction system, the desired (major) product forms faster in the first step, while the undesired (minor) product subsequently reacts away faster in the second step. Quantitative 1H NMR data, fit to a detailed kinetic model, demonstrates that this effect (which is conceptually closely related to minor enantiomer recycling and related processes) can significantly improve the intrinsic selectivity of the reactions. Our results serve as proof of principle for how multiple selective reaction steps can work together to enhance the stereoselectivity of synthetic processes forming complex mechanically interlocked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon R McCarthy
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Mica E Schenkelberg
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Nils A N Balegamire
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Huiming Liang
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Shea A Bellino
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Jianing Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Severin T Schneebeli
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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2
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19F NMR Chemical Shifts Are Sensitive to Remote Functional Group Variations. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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3
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Lu Y, Sun M, Xi N. Effects of fluorine bonding and nonbonding interactions on 19F chemical shifts. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32082-32096. [PMID: 36415555 PMCID: PMC9644289 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06660b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
19F-NMR signals are sensitive to local electrostatic fields and are useful in probing protein structures and dynamics. Here, we used chemically identical ortho-F nuclei in N-phenyl γ-lactams to investigate the relationship between 19F NMR chemical shifts and local environments. By varying the structures at the C5- and C7-substituents, we demonstrated that 19F shifts and Hammett coefficients in Hammett plots follow typical relationships in bonding interactions, while manifesting reverse correlations in nonbonding contacts. Quantum mechanics calculations revealed that one of the ortho-F nuclei engages in n → π* orbital delocalization between F lone pair electrons (n) and a C[double bond, length as m-dash]O/Ar[double bond, length as m-dash]N antibonding orbital (π*), and the other ortho-F nucleus exhibits n ↔ σ orbital polarization between the n electrons and the C-H σ bonding orbital. As 19F NMR spectroscopy find increasing use in molecular sensors and biological sciences, our findings are valuable for designing sensitive probes, elucidating molecular structures, and quantifying analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University 999 Xuefu Avenue Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xi
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
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4
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Harry SA, Kazim M, Nguyen PM, Zhu A, Xiang MR, Catazaro J, Siegler M, Lectka T. The Close Interaction of a C-F Bond with an Amide Carbonyl: Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207966. [PMID: 35716396 PMCID: PMC9544880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The putative interaction of a C−F bond with an amide carbonyl has been an intriguing topic of interest in this century for reasons spanning basic physical organic chemistry to biochemistry. However, to date, there exist no examples of a close, well‐defined interaction in which its unique aspects can be identified and exploited. Herein, we finally present an engineered system possessing an exceptionally tight C−F‐amide interaction, allowing us to obtain spectroscopic, crystallographic, and kinetic details of a distinctive, biochemically relevant chemical system for the first time. In turn, we also explore Lewis acid coordination, C−F bond promotion of amide isomerization, enantiomerization, and ion protonation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Andrew Harry
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Muhammad Kazim
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Phuong Minh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Michael Richard Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jonathan Catazaro
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maxime Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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5
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Ragan AN, Kraemer Y, Kong WY, Prasad S, Tantillo DJ, Pitts CR. Evidence for C–F Bond Formation through Formal Reductive Elimination from Tellurium(VI). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey N. Ragan
- University of California Davis Chemistry 1 Shields Avenue 95616 Davis UNITED STATES
| | - Yannick Kraemer
- University of California Davis Chemistry 1 Shields Avenue 95616 Davis UNITED STATES
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- University of California Davis Chemistry 1 Shields Avenue 95616 Davis UNITED STATES
| | - Supreeth Prasad
- University of California Davis Chemistry 1 Shields Avenue 95616 Davis UNITED STATES
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- University of California Davis Chemistry 1 Shields Avenue 95616 Davis UNITED STATES
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- University of California Davis Department of Chemistry One Shields Avenue 95616 Davis UNITED STATES
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6
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Ragan AN, Kraemer Y, Kong WY, Prasad S, Tantillo DJ, Pitts CR. Evidence for C-F Bond Formation through Formal Reductive Elimination from Tellurium(VI). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208046. [PMID: 35859267 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental challenge of C-F bond formation by reductive elimination has been met by compounds of select transition metals and fewer main group elements. The work detailed herein expands the list of main group elements known to be capable of reductively eliminating a C-F bond to include tellurium. Surprising and novel modes of both sp2 and sp3 C-F bond formation were observed alongside formation of TeIV cations during two separate attempts to synthesize/characterize fluorinated organotellurium(VI) cations in superacidic media (SbF5 /SO2 ClF). Following detailed low-temperature NMR experiments, the mechanisms of the two unique reductive elimination reactions were probed and investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Ultimately, we found that an "indirect" reductive elimination pathway is likely operative whereby Sb plays a key role in fluoride abstraction and C-F bond formation, as opposed to unimolecular reductive elimination from a discrete TeVI cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey N Ragan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yannick Kraemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Supreeth Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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7
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Harry SA, Kazim M, Nguyen PM, Zhu A, Xiang MR, Catazaro J, Siegler M, Lectka T. The Close Interaction of a C‐F Bond with an Amide Carbonyl: Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Andrew Harry
- Johns Hopkins University Chemistry 3400 n Charles 21212 Baltimore UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Andrea Zhu
- Johns Hopkins University chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Lectka
- Johns Hopkins University Chemistry 3400 N. Charles Street 21218-2685 Baltimore UNITED STATES
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8
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Hoffmann KF, Wiesner A, Müller C, Steinhauer S, Beckers H, Kazim M, Pitts CR, Lectka T, Riedel S. Structural proof of a [C-F-C] + fluoronium cation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5275. [PMID: 34489464 PMCID: PMC8421340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic fluoronium ions can be described as positively charged molecules in which the most electronegative and least polarizable element fluorine engages in two partially covalent bonding interactions to two carbon centers. While recent solvolysis experiments and NMR spectroscopic studies on a metastable [C–F–C]+ fluoronium ion strongly support the divalent fluoronium structure over the alternative rapidly equilibrating classical carbocation, the model system has, to date, eluded crystallographic analysis to confirm this phenomenon in the solid state. Herein, we report the single crystal structure of a symmetrical [C–F–C]+ fluoronium cation. Besides its synthesis and crystallographic characterization as the [Sb2F11]− salt, vibrational spectra are discussed and a detailed analysis concerning the nature of the bonding situation in this fluoronium ion and its heavier halonium homologues is performed, which provides detailed insights on this molecular structure. Unlike other halogen atoms, the ability for fluorine to exist in a [C–X–C]+ connectivity pattern has only been shown in spectroscopic studies. Here the authors present a single crystal structure of a fluoronium cation, characterized by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Wiesner
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Kazim
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Fernandes AJ, Panossian A, Michelet B, Martin-Mingot A, Leroux FR, Thibaudeau S. CF 3-substituted carbocations: underexploited intermediates with great potential in modern synthetic chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:343-378. [PMID: 33828616 PMCID: PMC7871035 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"The extraordinary instability of such an "ion" accounts for many of the peculiarities of organic reactions" - Franck C. Whitmore (1932). This statement from Whitmore came in a period where carbocations began to be considered as intermediates in reactions. Ninety years later, pointing at the strong knowledge acquired from the contributions of famous organic chemists, carbocations are very well known reaction intermediates. Among them, destabilized carbocations - carbocations substituted with electron-withdrawing groups - are, however, still predestined to be transient species and sometimes considered as exotic ones. Among them, the CF3-substituted carbocations, frequently suggested to be involved in synthetic transformations but rarely considered as affordable intermediates for synthetic purposes, have long been investigated. This review highlights recent and past reports focusing on their study and potential in modern synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Fernandes
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Armen Panossian
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bastien Michelet
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, IC2MP, UMR 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, 4 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Agnès Martin-Mingot
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, IC2MP, UMR 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, 4 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, IC2MP, UMR 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, 4 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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10
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Holl MG, Pitts CR, Lectka T. Quest for a Symmetric [C-F-C] + Fluoronium Ion in Solution: A Winding Path to Ultimate Success. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:265-275. [PMID: 31877026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this Account, we chronicle our tortuous but ultimately fruitful quest to synthesize a [C-F-C]+ fluoronium ion in solution, thus providing the last piece of the organic halonium ion puzzle. Inspiration for the project can be traced all the way back to the graduate career of the corresponding author, wherein the analogy between a [C-H-C]+ "hydrido" bridge and a hypothetical [C-F-C]+ bridge was first noted. The earliest attempt to construct a bicyclo[5.3.3]tridecane-based fluoronium ion (based on the analogous hydrido bridged cation) proved to be synthetically difficult. A subsequent attempt involving a 1,8-substituted naphthalene ring was theoretically naïve in retrospect, and it resulted in a classical benzylic carbocation instead. A biphenyl-based substrate, although computationally sound, proved to be kinetically untenable. At last, after some tweaking (including a dead-end detour into a fluoraadamantane skeleton), we finally achieved success with a highly rigid, semicage precursor based on the decahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene system. This strained substrate possessed a triflate leaving group to enhance its solvolytic reactivity. Detailed isotopic labeling and kinetic studies supported the generation of a symmetrical [C-F-C]+ bridge; interesting solution behavior allowed the manipulation of the rate-determining step for solvolysis depending on solvent nucleophilicity. After initial generation as a transient intermediate, the fluoronium ion was later produced as a stable species in solution and was fully characterized by 19F, 1H, and 13C NMR, with the resultant species displaying evident Cssymmetry through coordination of a molecule of SbF5. This remarkable ion proved stable to -30 °C. We also address a disagreement surrounding the nomenclature of fluoronium ions in particular and its potential impact upon the naming of onium ions in general. We strove to highlight the dangers of confusing the arbitrary concept of calculated partial charge with IUPAC nomenclature. Finally, we discuss future directions, for example, the synthesis of a fluoronium ion in which fluorine resides within an aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Gargiulo Holl
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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11
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Lebedel L, Ardá A, Martin A, Désiré J, Mingot A, Aufiero M, Aiguabella Font N, Gilmour R, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Blériot Y, Thibaudeau S. Structural and Computational Analysis of 2‐Halogeno‐Glycosyl Cations in the Presence of a Superacid: An Expansive Platform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13758-13762. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Lebedel
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE Parque technologico de Bizkaia, Edif. 801A-1° Derio-Bizkaia 48160 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Maria Lopez de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Amélie Martin
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Jérôme Désiré
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Agnès Mingot
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Marialuisa Aufiero
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nuria Aiguabella Font
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jesus Jiménez‐Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE Parque technologico de Bizkaia, Edif. 801A-1° Derio-Bizkaia 48160 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Maria Lopez de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Yves Blériot
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
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12
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Lu J, Scheiner S. Comparison of halogen with proton transfer. Symmetric and asymmetric systems. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Lebedel L, Ardá A, Martin A, Désiré J, Mingot A, Aufiero M, Aiguabella Font N, Gilmour R, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Blériot Y, Thibaudeau S. Structural and Computational Analysis of 2‐Halogeno‐Glycosyl Cations in the Presence of a Superacid: An Expansive Platform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Lebedel
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE Parque technologico de Bizkaia, Edif. 801A-1° Derio-Bizkaia 48160 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Maria Lopez de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Amélie Martin
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Jérôme Désiré
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Agnès Mingot
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Marialuisa Aufiero
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nuria Aiguabella Font
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jesus Jiménez‐Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE Parque technologico de Bizkaia, Edif. 801A-1° Derio-Bizkaia 48160 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Maria Lopez de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Yves Blériot
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”Université de Poitiers 4 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 France
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14
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Hämmerling S, Thiele G, Steinhauer S, Beckers H, Müller C, Riedel S. A Very Strong Methylation Agent: [Me 2 Cl][Al(OTeF 5 ) 4 ]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9807-9810. [PMID: 31050103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new chloronium-containing salt, [Me2 Cl][Al(OTeF5 )4 ], was synthesized on multigram scale by means of a simple one-pot procedure. The isolated product can be handled at room temperature and used as a strong electrophilic methylation agent. This is demonstrated by the methylation of the very weak bases P(CF3 )3 , PF3 , MeI, and MeBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hämmerling
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günther Thiele
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Hämmerling S, Thiele G, Steinhauer S, Beckers H, Müller C, Riedel S. Ein sehr starkes Methylierungsmittel: [Me
2
Cl][Al(OTeF
5
)
4
]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hämmerling
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Günther Thiele
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Carsten Müller
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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16
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Nakajima M, Miyamoto K, Hirano K, Uchiyama M. Diaryl-λ 3-chloranes: Versatile Synthesis and Unique Reactivity as Aryl Cation Equivalent. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6499-6503. [PMID: 30969759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a versatile, high-yield synthesis of diarylchloroniums/λ3-chloranes through the reaction of various chloroarenes with readily prepared mesityldiazonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate under mild conditions. The scope of the reaction is broad, including ArCl, ArBr, and ArI. The diarylchloroniums/λ3-chloranes prepared here show unique reactivity in various respects, enabling intermolecular electrophilic arylation reaction of weak nucleophiles, and chlorane-halogane exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Keiichi Hirano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University , Ueda , 386-8567 , Japan
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17
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Xi N, Sun X, Li M, Sun M, Xi MA, Zhan Z, Yao J, Bai X, Wu Y, Liao M. Noncovalent Interactions of Fluorine with Amide and CH 2 Groups in N-Phenyl γ-Lactams: Covalently Identical Fluorine Atoms in Nonequivalent Chemical Environments. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11586-11594. [PMID: 30180581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized N-phenyl γ-lactam derivatives possessing two covalently identical ortho-F nuclei on the N-phenyl group. The F nuclei sited in different chemical environments where they were spatially adjacent to amide and alkyl groups due to hindered rotation around the central N-Ar bond. 19F NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods were used to distinguish the axially prochiral F nuclei and provide structural insights for through-space interactions between F and amide/CH2 groups. Direct spectroscopic evidence for multipolar interactions in F···amide and F···CH2 pairs were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xi
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jilin University , 1266 Fujin Road , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , China.,Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Dongyangguang Hi-tech Park, Dongguan , Guangdong 523871 , China.,Calitor Sciences LLC , PO Box 19185, Newbury Park , California 91319-9185 , United States
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jilin University , 1266 Fujin Road , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , China
| | - Minxiong Li
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Dongyangguang Hi-tech Park, Dongguan , Guangdong 523871 , China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Dongyangguang Hi-tech Park, Dongguan , Guangdong 523871 , China
| | - Michael A Xi
- Calitor Sciences LLC , PO Box 19185, Newbury Park , California 91319-9185 , United States
| | - Zeping Zhan
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Dongyangguang Hi-tech Park, Dongguan , Guangdong 523871 , China
| | - Jia Yao
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Dongyangguang Hi-tech Park, Dongguan , Guangdong 523871 , China
| | - Xu Bai
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jilin University , 1266 Fujin Road , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Dongyangguang Hi-tech Park, Dongguan , Guangdong 523871 , China
| | - Min Liao
- Sunshine Lake Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Dongyangguang Hi-tech Park, Dongguan , Guangdong 523871 , China
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18
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Bume DD, Harry SA, Lectka T, Pitts CR. Catalyzed and Promoted Aliphatic Fluorination. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8803-8814. [PMID: 29894188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last six years, the direct functionalization of aliphatic C-H (and C-C) bonds through user-friendly, radical-based fluorination reactions has emerged as an exciting research area in fluorine chemistry. Considering the historical narratives about the challenges of developing practical radical fluorination in organic frameworks, notable advancements in controlling both reactivity and selectivity have been achieved during this time. As one of the participants in the field, herein, we a provide brief account of research efforts in our laboratory from the initial discovery of radical monofluorination on unactivated C-H bonds in 2012 to more useful strategies to install fluorine on biologically relevant molecules through directed fluorination methods. In addition, accompanying mechanistic studies that have helped guide reaction design are highlighted in context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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