1
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Stolar T, Pearce BK, Etter M, Truong KN, Ostojić T, Krajnc A, Mali G, Rossi B, Molčanov K, Lončarić I, Meštrović E, Užarević K, Grisanti L. Base-pairing of uracil and 2,6-diaminopurine: from cocrystals to photoreactivity. iScience 2024; 27:109894. [PMID: 38783999 PMCID: PMC11112615 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We show that the non-canonical nucleobase 2,6-diaminopurine (D) spontaneously base pairs with uracil (U) in water and the solid state without the need to be attached to the ribose-phosphate backbone. Depending on the reaction conditions, D and U assemble in thermodynamically stable hydrated and anhydrated D-U base-paired cocrystals. Under UV irradiation, an aqueous solution of D-U base-pair undergoes photochemical degradation, while a pure aqueous solution of U does not. Our simulations suggest that D may trigger the U photodimerization and show that complementary base-pairing modifies the photochemical properties of nucleobases, which might have implications for prebiotic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ben K.D. Pearce
- Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- Rigaku Europe SE, Hugenottenallee 167, 63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Tea Ostojić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Mali
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Ivor Lončarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Luca Grisanti
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- National Research Council - Materials Foundry Institute (CNR-IOM) c/o SISSA (International School for Advanced Studies), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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2
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Singh AK, Chauhan SS, Bhadra S. Catalytic cascade synthesis of cyanohydrin esters via water/O 2-induced cyanide transfer from K 3Fe(CN) 6. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11544-11547. [PMID: 37675779 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02743k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed α-oxygenation of aryl benzyl ketones is merged with a unique water/O2-induced release of cyanide ions from K3Fe(CN)6 and a benzil-cyanide reaction. This strategy gives expedient access to cyanohydrin esters starting directly from broadly accessible aryl benzyl ketones. The cyanide release strategy was further integrated with a copper catalyzed oxygenation-decarbonylation sequence to produce cyanohydrin esters from 1,3-diketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kumar Singh
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shivani Singh Chauhan
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sukalyan Bhadra
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Pétry N, Luttringer F, Bantreil X, Lamaty F. A mechanochemical approach to the synthesis of sydnones and derivatives. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:114-127. [PMID: 36134497 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00096b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sydnones are heterocyclic compounds which display important biological activities, including their abilities to react in 1,3-dipolar additions for applications in the development of new prodrugs. Capitalizing on our preliminary work on the mechanosynthesis of sydnones, an extension of this work to two related families of molecules, diarylsydnones and iminosydnones is reported. A ball-milling approach towards the synthesis of diaryl sydnones was developed, a necessary step for the synthesis of potential sydnone-based ligands of metal complexes. A mechanochemistry-based synthesis of iminosydnones was optimized, including the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) related to feprosidnine, linsidomine, mesocarb and molsidomine. This work demonstrated that the ball-milling procedures were efficient and time saving through avoiding purification steps, and reduced the use of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pétry
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Xavier Bantreil
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Cuccu F, De Luca L, Delogu F, Colacino E, Solin N, Mocci R, Porcheddu A. Mechanochemistry: New Tools to Navigate the Uncharted Territory of "Impossible" Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200362. [PMID: 35867602 PMCID: PMC9542358 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical transformations have made chemists enter unknown territories, forcing a different chemistry perspective. While questioning or revisiting familiar concepts belonging to solution chemistry, mechanochemistry has broken new ground, especially in the panorama of organic synthesis. Not only does it foster new "thinking outside the box", but it also has opened new reaction paths, allowing to overcome the weaknesses of traditional chemistry exactly where the use of well-established solution-based methodologies rules out progress. In this Review, the reader is introduced to an intriguing research subject not yet fully explored and waiting for improved understanding. Indeed, the study is mainly focused on organic transformations that, although impossible in solution, become possible under mechanochemical processing conditions, simultaneously entailing innovation and expanding the chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cuccu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Niclas Solin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Electronic and Photonic Materials (EFM), Building Fysikhuset, Room M319, Campus, Valla, Sweden
| | - Rita Mocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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5
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Portehault D, Gómez-Recio I, Baron MA, Musumeci V, Aymonier C, Rouchon V, Le Godec Y. Geoinspired syntheses of materials and nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4828-4866. [PMID: 35603716 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for new materials is intimately linked to the development of synthesis methods. In the current urge for the sustainable synthesis of materials, taking inspiration from Nature's ways to process matter appears as a virtuous approach. In this review, we address the concept of geoinspiration for the design of new materials and the exploration of new synthesis pathways. In geoinspiration, materials scientists take inspiration from the key features of various geological systems and processes occurring in nature, to trigger the formation of artificial materials and nanomaterials. We discuss several case studies of materials and nanomaterials to highlight the basic geoinspiration concepts underlying some synthesis methods: syntheses in water and supercritical water, thermal shock syntheses, molten salt synthesis and high pressure synthesis. We show that the materials emerging from geoinspiration exhibit properties differing from materials obtained by other pathways, thus demonstrating that the field opens up avenues to new families of materials and nanomaterials. This review focuses on synthesis methodologies, by drawing connections between geosciences and materials chemistry, nanosciences, green chemistry, and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Portehault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Isabel Gómez-Recio
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marzena A Baron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Valentina Musumeci
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Virgile Rouchon
- IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Rond point de l'échangeur de Solaize - BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Yann Le Godec
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
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6
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Manipulating Reaction Energy Coordinate Landscape of Mechanochemical Diaza-Cope Rearrangement. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082570. [PMID: 35458767 PMCID: PMC9027841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral vicinal diamines, a unique class of optically-active building blocks, play a crucial role in material design, pharmaceutical, and catalysis. Traditionally, their syntheses are all solvent-based approaches, which make organic solvent an indispensable part of their production. As part of our program aiming to develop chemical processes with reduced carbon footprints, we recently reported a highly practical and environmentally-friendly synthetic route to chiral vicinal diamines by solvent-free mechanochemical diaza-Cope rearrangement. We herein showed that a new protocol by co-milling with common laboratory solid additives, such as silica gel, can significantly enhance the efficiency of the reaction, compared to reactions in the absence of additives. One possible explanation is the Lewis acidic nature of additives that accelerates a key Schiff base formation step. Reaction monitoring experiments tracing all the reaction species, including reactants, intermediates, and product, suggested that the reaction profile is distinctly different from ball-milling reactions without additives. Collectively, this work demonstrated that additive effect is a powerful tool to manipulate a reaction pathway in mechanochemical diazo-Cope rearrangement pathway, and this is expected to find broad interest in organic synthesis using mechanical force as an energy input.
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7
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Cherif M, Zhang G, Gao Y, Sun S, Vidal F. Towards Predicting the Sequential Appearance of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Synthesized by Mechanochemistry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061946. [PMID: 35335309 PMCID: PMC8954221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We use computational materials methods to study the sequential appearance of zinc-based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) generated in the mechanochemical conversion process. We consider nine ZIF topologies, namely RHO, ANA, QTZ, SOD, KAT, DIA, NEB, CAG and GIS, combined with the two ligands 2-methylimidazolate and 2-ethylimidazolate. Of the 18 combinations obtained, only six (three for each ligand) were actually observed during the mechanosynthesis process. Energy and porosity calculations based on density functional theory, in combination with the Ostwald rule of stages, were found to be insufficient to distinguish the experimentally observed ZIFs. We then show, using classical molecular dynamics, that only ZIFs withstanding quasi-hydrostatic pressure P ≥ 0.3 GPa without being destroyed were observed in the laboratory. This finding, along with the requirement that successive ZIFs be generated with decreasing porosity and/or energy, provides heuristic rules for predicting the sequences of mechanically generated ZIFs for the two ligands considered.
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8
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Mechanochemical Solvent‐Free Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Amides via Highly Chemoselective N−C Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Kouznetsov VV, Hernández JG. Nanostructured silicate catalysts for environmentally benign Strecker-type reactions: status quo and quo vadis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20807-20828. [PMID: 35919186 PMCID: PMC9299969 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical processes are usually catalytic transformations. The use of catalytic reagents can reduce the reaction temperature, decrease reagent-based waste, and enhance the selectivity of a reaction potentially avoiding unwanted side reactions leading to green technology. Chemical processes are also frequently based on multicomponent reactions (MCRs) that possess evident improvements over multistep processes. Both MCRs and catalysis tools are the most valuable principles of green chemistry. Among diverse MCRs, the three-component Strecker reaction (S-3-CR) is a particular transformation conducive to the formation of valuable bifunctional building blocks (α-amino nitriles) in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, drug research, and organic materials science. To be a practical synthetic tool, the S-3-CR must be achieved using alternative energy input systems, safe reaction media, and effective catalysts. These latter reagents are now deeply associated with nanoscience and nanocatalysis. Continuously developed, nanostructured silicate catalysts symbolize green pathways in our quest to attain sustainability. Studying and developing nanocatalyzed S-3-CR condensations as an important model will be suitable for achieving the current green mission. This critical review aims to highlight the advances in the development of nanostructured catalysts for technologically important Strecker-type reactions and to analyze this progress from the viewpoint of green and sustainable chemistry. The innovations in the development of nanostructured silicate catalysts for Strecker reactions are analyzed discussing the advantages and drawbacks of existing protocols based on the use of nanocatalytic systems for α-amino nitrile formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, CMN, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Km 2 Vía Refugio, Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
| | - José G. Hernández
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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10
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Zhang J, Zhang P, Shao L, Wang R, Ma Y, Szostak M. Mechanochemical Solvent-Free Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides via Highly Chemoselective N-C Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114146. [PMID: 34877756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although cross-coupling reactions of amides by selective N-C cleavage are one of the most powerful and burgeoning areas in organic synthesis due to the ubiquity of amide bonds, the development of mechanochemical, solid-state methods remains a major challenge. Herein, we report the first mechanochemical strategy for highly chemoselective, solvent-free palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of amides by N-C bond activation. The method is conducted in the absence of external heating, for short reaction time and shows excellent chemoselectivity for σ N-C bond activation. The reaction shows excellent functional group tolerance and can be applied to late-stage functionalization of complex APIs and sequential orthogonal cross-couplings exploiting double solventless solid-state methods. The results extend mechanochemical reaction environments to advance the chemical repertoire of N-C bond interconversions to solid-state environmentally friendly mechanochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Lei Shao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology Transfer, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, United States
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11
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Nicholson WI, Barreteau F, Leitch JA, Payne R, Priestley I, Godineau E, Battilocchio C, Browne DL. Direct Amidation of Esters by Ball Milling**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William I. Nicholson
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Park Place, Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Fabien Barreteau
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Schaffauserstrasse 101 4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Riley Payne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Ian Priestley
- Syngenta Ltd. Huddersfield Manufacturing Centre Huddersfield HD2 1FF UK
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Schaffauserstrasse 101 4332 Stein Switzerland
| | | | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury London WC1N 1AX UK
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12
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Nicholson WI, Barreteau F, Leitch JA, Payne R, Priestley I, Godineau E, Battilocchio C, Browne DL. Direct Amidation of Esters by Ball Milling*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21868-21874. [PMID: 34357668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The direct mechanochemical amidation of esters by ball milling is described. The operationally simple procedure requires an ester, an amine, and substoichiometric KOtBu and was used to prepare a large and diverse library of 78 amide structures with modest to excellent efficiency. Heteroaromatic and heterocyclic components are specifically shown to be amenable to this mechanochemical protocol. This direct synthesis platform has been applied to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and agrochemicals as well as the gram-scale synthesis of an active pharmaceutical, all in the absence of a reaction solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- William I Nicholson
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Fabien Barreteau
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffauserstrasse 101, 4332, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Jamie A Leitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London (UCL), School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Riley Payne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London (UCL), School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Ian Priestley
- Syngenta Ltd., Huddersfield Manufacturing Centre, Huddersfield, HD2 1FF, UK
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffauserstrasse 101, 4332, Stein, Switzerland
| | | | - Duncan L Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London (UCL), School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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13
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Ma X, Song Q. Solvent-Dependent Cyclization of 2-Alkynylanilines and ClCF 2COONa for the Divergent Assembly of N-(Quinolin-2-yl)amides and Quinolin-2(1 H)-ones. Org Lett 2021; 23:5599-5604. [PMID: 34259006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present an expedient Cu-catalyzed [5 + 1] cyclization of 2-alkynylanilines and ClCF2COONa to divergent construction of N-(quinolin-2-yl)amides and quinolin-2(1H)-ones by regulating the reaction solvents. Notably, nitrile acts as a solvent and performs the Ritter reactions. ClCF2COONa is used as a C1 synthon in this transformation, which also represents the first example for utilization of ClCF2COONa as an efficient desiliconization reagent. The current protocol involves in situ generation of isocyanide, copper-activated alkyne, Ritter reaction and protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Hernández JG. Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2145-2162. [PMID: 33835716 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mechanochemistry has been growing into a widely accepted alternative for chemical synthesis. In addition to their efficiency and practicality, mechanochemical reactions are also recognized for their sustainability. The association between mechanochemistry and Green Chemistry often originates from the solvent-free nature of most mechanochemical protocols, which can reduce waste production. However, mechanochemistry satisfies more than one of the Principles of Green Chemistry. In this Review we will present a series of examples that will clearly illustrate how mechanochemistry can significantly contribute to the fulfillment of Green Chemistry in a more holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Stolar T, Grubešić S, Cindro N, Meštrović E, Užarević K, Hernández JG. Mechanochemical Prebiotic Peptide Bond Formation*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12727-12731. [PMID: 33769680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of amino acids on the prebiotic Earth, either stemming from endogenous chemical routes or delivered by meteorites, is consensually accepted. Prebiotically plausible pathways to peptides from inactivated amino acids are still unclear as most oligomerization approaches rely on thermodynamically disfavored reactions in solution. Now, a combination of prebiotically plausible minerals and mechanochemical activation enables the oligomerization of glycine at ambient temperature in the absence of water. Raising the reaction temperature increases the degree of oligomerization concomitantly with the formation of a commonly unwanted cyclic glycine dimer (DKP). However, DKP is a productive intermediate in the mechanochemical oligomerization of glycine. The findings of this research show that mechanochemical peptide bond formation is a dynamic process that provides alternative routes towards oligopeptides and establishes new synthetic approaches for prebiotic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Stolar
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Grubešić
- Xellia Pharmaceuticals, Slavonska avenija 24/6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Cindro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Xellia Pharmaceuticals, Slavonska avenija 24/6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Stolar T, Grubešić S, Cindro N, Meštrović E, Užarević K, Hernández JG. Mechanochemical Prebiotic Peptide Bond Formation**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Stolar
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Saša Grubešić
- Xellia Pharmaceuticals Slavonska avenija 24/6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Nikola Cindro
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Horvatovac 102a 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Xellia Pharmaceuticals Slavonska avenija 24/6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - José G. Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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17
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Krauskopf F, Truong KN, Rissanen K, Bolm C. 2,3-Dihydro-1,2,6-thiadiazine 1-Oxides by Biginelli-Type Reactions with Sulfonimidamides under Mechanochemical Conditions. Org Lett 2021; 23:2699-2703. [PMID: 33739844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biginelli-type multicomponent reactions (MCRs) with NH-free sulfonimidamides provide 2,3-dihydro-1,2,6-thiadiazine 1-oxides in high yields. The couplings are performed in a planetary ball mill under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions. Acetic acid or ytterbium triflate are used as catalysts. A representative product was characterized by X-ray single crystal structure analysis revealing molecular details of the highly functionalized three-dimensional heterocycle. Further product modifications lead to additional structural scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krauskopf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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18
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Abstract
HCN-derived polymers are a heterogeneous group of complex substances synthesized from pure HCN; from its salts; from its oligomers, specifically its trimer and tetramer, amino-nalono-nitrile (AMN) and diamino-maleo-nitrile (DAMN), respectively; or from its hydrolysis products, such as formamide, under a wide range of experimental conditions. The characteristics and properties of HCN-derived polymers depend directly on the synthetic conditions used for their production and, by extension, their potential applications. These puzzling systems have been known mainly in the fields of prebiotic chemistry and in studies on the origins of life and astrobiology since the first prebiotic production of adenine by Oró in the early years of the 1960s. However, the first reference regarding their possible role in prebiotic chemistry was mentioned in the 19th century by Pflüger. Currently, HCN-derived polymers are considered keys in the formation of the first and primeval protometabolic and informational systems, and they may be among the most readily formed organic macromolecules in the solar system. In addition, HCN-derived polymers have attracted a growing interest in materials science due to their potential biomedical applications as coatings and adhesives; they have also been proposed as valuable models for multifunctional materials with emergent properties such as semi-conductivity, ferroelectricity, catalysis and photocatalysis, and heterogeneous organo-synthesis. However, the real structures and the formation pathways of these fascinating substances have not yet been fully elucidated; several models based on either computational approaches or spectroscopic and analytical techniques have endeavored to shed light on their complete nature. In this review, a comprehensive perspective of HCN-derived polymers is presented, taking into account all the aspects indicated above.
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19
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Petasis vs. Strecker Amino Acid Synthesis: Convergence, Divergence and Opportunities in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061707. [PMID: 33803879 PMCID: PMC8003338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amino acids find widespread applications in various areas of life and physical sciences. Their syntheses are carried out by a multitude of protocols, of which Petasis and Strecker reactions have emerged as the most straightforward and most widely used. Both reactions are three-component reactions using the same starting materials, except the nucleophilic species. The differences and similarities between these two important reactions are highlighted in this review.
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20
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Ito M, Yamabayashi Y, Oikawa M, Kano E, Higuchi K, Sugiyama S. Silica gel-induced aryne generation from o-triazenylarylboronic acids as stable solid precursors. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00385b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed o-triazenylarylboronic acids as stable solid aryne precursors, which generate arynes under mild conditions using silica gel as the sole reagent and undergo reactions with a range of arynophiles both in solution and in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Ito
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University
- Tokyo 204-8588
- Japan
| | | | - Mio Oikawa
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University
- Tokyo 204-8588
- Japan
| | - Emi Kano
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University
- Tokyo 204-8588
- Japan
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21
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Yang J, Manick A, Li C, Bugaut X, Chatelet B, Dufaud V, Hérault D, Martinez A. Azaphosphatranes Catalyzed Strecker Reaction in the Presence of Water. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | | | - Chunyang Li
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Xavier Bugaut
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Bastien Chatelet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Véronique Dufaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Catalyse Polymères Procédés (C2P2) CNRS Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918 F-69616 France
| | - Damien Hérault
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
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22
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Pang Y, Lee JW, Kubota K, Ito H. Solid‐State Radical C−H Trifluoromethylation Reactions Using Ball Milling and Piezoelectric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Pang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Joo Won Lee
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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23
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Pang Y, Lee JW, Kubota K, Ito H. Solid‐State Radical C−H Trifluoromethylation Reactions Using Ball Milling and Piezoelectric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22570-22576. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Pang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Joo Won Lee
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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24
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Haas M, Lamour S, Christ SB, Trapp O. Mineral-mediated carbohydrate synthesis by mechanical forces in a primordial geochemical setting. Commun Chem 2020; 3:140. [PMID: 36703456 PMCID: PMC9814773 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of carbohydrates represents an essential step to provide building blocks and a source of chemical energy in several models for the emergence of life. Formaldehyde, glycolaldehyde and a basic catalyst are the initial components forming a variety of sugar molecules in the cascade-type multi-step formose reaction. While numerous side reactions and even deterioration can be observed in aqueous media, selective prebiotic sugar formation is feasible in solid-state, mechanochemical reactions and might have occurred in early geochemistry. However, the precise role of different basic catalysts and the influence of the atmospheric conditions in the solid-state formose reaction remain unknown. Here we show, that in a primordial scenario the mechanochemical formose reaction is capable to form monosaccharides with a broad variety of mineral classes as catalysts with only minute amounts of side products such as lactic acid or methanol, independent of the atmospheric conditions. The results give insight into recent findings of formose sugars on meteorites and offer a water-free and robust pathway for monosaccharides independent of the external conditions both for the early Earth or an extra-terrestrial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Haas
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.429508.20000 0004 0491 677XMax-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Lamour
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Babette Christ
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.429508.20000 0004 0491 677XMax-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Schumacher C, Hernández JG, Bolm C. Electro-Mechanochemical Atom Transfer Radical Cyclizations using Piezoelectric BaTiO 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16357-16360. [PMID: 32515540 PMCID: PMC7540587 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation and regeneration of active CuI species is a fundamental mechanistic step in copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical cyclizations (ATRC). Typically, the presence of the catalytically active CuI species in the reaction mixture is secured by using high CuI catalyst loadings or the addition of complementary reducing agents. In this study it is demonstrated how the piezoelectric properties of barium titanate (BaTiO3 ) can be harnessed by mechanical ball milling to induce electrical polarization in the strained piezomaterial. This strategy enables the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, leading to the reduction of a CuII precatalyst into the active CuI species in copper-catalyzed mechanochemical solvent-free ATRC reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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26
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Andreozzi P, Tamberi L, Tasca E, Giacomazzo GE, Martinez M, Severi M, Marradi M, Cicchi S, Moya S, Biagiotti G, Richichi B. The B & B approach: Ball-milling conjugation of dextran with phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized BODIPY. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2272-2281. [PMID: 32983271 PMCID: PMC7492696 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is an emerging and reliable alternative to conventional solution (batch) synthesis of complex molecules under green and solvent-free conditions. In this regard, we report here on the conjugation of a dextran polysaccharide with a fluorescent probe, a phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) applying the ball milling approach. The ball milling formation of boron esters between PBA BODIPY and dextran proved to be more efficient in terms of reaction time, amount of reactants, and labelling degree compared to the corresponding solution-based synthetic route. PBA-BODIPY dextran assembles into nanoparticles of around 200 nm by hydrophobic interactions. The resulting PBA-BODIPY dextran nanoparticles retain an apolar interior as proved by pyrene fluorescence, suitable for the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs with high biocompatibility while remaining fluorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Andreozzi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Lorenza Tamberi
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Elisamaria Tasca
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
- Chemistry Department, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Elena Giacomazzo
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marta Martinez
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Sergio Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182 C, 20014 San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Giacomo Biagiotti
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3/13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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27
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Grundke C, Vierengel N, Opatz T. ‐Aminonitriles: From Sustainable Preparation to Applications in Natural Product Synthesis. CHEM REC 2020; 20:989-1016. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Grundke
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Nina Vierengel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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28
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Schumacher C, Hernández JG, Bolm C. Electro‐Mechanochemical Atom Transfer Radical Cyclizations using Piezoelectric BaTiO
3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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29
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Porcheddu A, Colacino E, De Luca L, Delogu F. Metal-Mediated and Metal-Catalyzed Reactions Under Mechanochemical Conditions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica, e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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30
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van Bonn P, Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanochemical Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Reactions Using Mo(CO) 6. Chemistry 2020; 26:2576-2580. [PMID: 31802549 PMCID: PMC7065133 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esters and amides were mechanochemically prepared by palladium-catalyzed carbonylative reactions of aryl iodides by using molybdenum hexacarbonyl as a convenient solid carbonyl source and avoiding a direct handling of gaseous carbon monoxide. Real-time monitoring of the mechanochemical reaction by in situ pressure sensing revealed that CO is rapidly transferred from Mo(CO)6 to the active catalytic system without significant release of molecular carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit van Bonn
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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31
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Zhao LY, Dong XL, Chen JY, Lu AH. A Mechanochemical-Assisted Synthesis of Boron, Nitrogen Co-Doped Porous Carbons as Metal-Free Catalysts. Chemistry 2020; 26:2041-2050. [PMID: 31785014 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A green and convenient solid-state method assisted by mechanical energy is employed for the synthesis of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) co-doped porous carbons (B,N-Cs). Glutamic acid (Glu) and boric acid (H3 BO3 ) are used as the N-containing carbon precursor and boron source, respectively. This method is easy to perform and proved to be efficient towards co-doping B and N into the carbon matrix with high contents of B (7 atom %) and N (10 atom %). By adjusting the molar ratio of H3 BO3 to Glu, the surface chemical states of B and N could be readily modulated. When increasing H3 BO3 dosage, the pore size of B,N-Cs could be tuned ranging from micropores to mesopores with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area up to 940 m2 g-1 . Finally, the B,N-Cs were applied as metal-free catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides, which outperform the N-doped carbon catalyst (NC-900) and the physically mixed catalyst of NC-900/B4 C. The enhanced activity is attributed to the cooperative effect between B and N sites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that BN3 in the B,N-Cs serves as a critical active site for the cooperative catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116024, P.R. China
| | - An-Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116024, P.R. China
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32
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Stolar T, Lukin S, Etter M, Rajić Linarić M, Užarević K, Meštrović E, Halasz I. DNA-specific selectivity in pairing of model nucleobases in the solid state. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13524-13527. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state may serve as the reaction medium for selective recognition between model nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
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33
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Kaabel S, Friščić T, Auclair K. Mechanoenzymatic Transformations in the Absence of Bulk Water: A More Natural Way of Using Enzymes. Chembiochem 2019; 21:742-758. [PMID: 31651073 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068 Université de Toulouse UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Cristina Mottillo
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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35
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Friščić T, Mottillo C, Titi HM. Mechanochemistry for Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1018-1029. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068 Université de Toulouse UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Cristina Mottillo
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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Huskić I, Friščić T. Geomimetic approaches in the design and synthesis of metal-organic frameworks. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180221. [PMID: 31130097 PMCID: PMC6562343 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of minerals with metal-organic framework (MOF) structures has challenged the view of MOFs as purely synthetic materials. At the same time, the application of geo-inspired synthetic methodologies, such as accelerated ageing and pseudomorphic replication, has enabled a cleaner, more environmentally friendly synthesis of MOFs from mineral-like feedstocks, as well as the assembly of materials with structure controlled at both micro- and meso-scales. These almost concomitant developments have highlighted the previously unknown relationships between geology and MOF chemistry. Here, we outline examples of MOF structures found in minerals, and note geologically inspired approaches to MOF synthesis, as a means to highlight how the emergent geomimetic concepts in MOF chemistry can lead to advances in the design and synthesis of MOFs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Mineralomimesis: natural and synthetic frameworks in science and technology'.
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Lamour S, Pallmann S, Haas M, Trapp O. Prebiotic Sugar Formation Under Nonaqueous Conditions and Mechanochemical Acceleration. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:life9020052. [PMID: 31226799 PMCID: PMC6617062 DOI: 10.3390/life9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosaccharides represent one of the major building blocks of life. One of the plausible prebiotic synthesis routes is the formose network, which generates sugars from C1 and C2 carbon sources in basic aqueous solution. We report on the feasibility of the formation of monosaccharides under physical forces simulated in a ball mill starting from formaldehyde, glycolaldehyde, DL-glyceraldehyde as prebiotically available substrates using catalytically active, basic minerals. We investigated the influence of the mechanic energy input on our model system using calcium hydroxide in an oscillatory ball mill. We show that the synthesis of monosaccharides is kinetically accelerated under mechanochemical conditions. The resulting sugar mixture contains monosaccharides with straight and branched carbon chains as well as decomposition products. In comparison to the sugar formation in water, the monosaccharides formed under mechanochemical conditions are more stable and selectively synthesized. Our results imply the possibility of a prebiotic monosaccharide origin in geochemical environments scant or devoid of water promoted by mechanochemical forces such as meteorite impacts or lithospheric activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Lamour
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Pallmann
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany.
| | - Maren Haas
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Li S, Huskić I, Novendra N, Titi HM, Navrotsky A, Friščić T. Mechanochemical Synthesis, Accelerated Aging, and Thermodynamic Stability of the Organic Mineral Paceite and Its Cadmium Analogue. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5486-5495. [PMID: 31459711 PMCID: PMC6649266 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of ball milling mechanochemistry for rapid, simple, and materials-efficient synthesis of the organic mineral paceite CaCu(OAc)4·6H2O (where OAc- is the acetate ion), composed of coordination polymer chains containing alternating Ca2+ and Cu2+ ions, as well as its cadmium-based analogue CaCd(OAc)4·6H2O. While the synthesis of paceite in aqueous solutions requires a high excess of the copper precursor, mechanochemistry permits the use of stoichiometric amounts of reagents, as well as the use of poorly soluble and readily accessible calcium carbonate or hydroxide reactants. As established by thermochemical measurements, enthalpies of formation of both synthetic paceite and its cadmium analogue relevant to the mechanochemical reactions are highly exothermic. Reactions can also be conducted using accelerated aging, a synthetic technique that mimics geological processes of mineral weathering. Accelerated aging reactivity involving copper(II) acetate monohydrate (hoganite) and calcium carbonate (calcite) provides a potential explanation of how complex organic minerals like paceite could form in a geological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodi Li
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Igor Huskić
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Novendra Novendra
- Peter
A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT ORU, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United
States
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandra Navrotsky
- Peter
A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT ORU, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United
States
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Pich A, Spehr M, Hernández JG, Bolm C. Synthesis of acylglycerol derivatives by mechanochemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:811-817. [PMID: 30992730 PMCID: PMC6444433 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, many biologically relevant building blocks such as amino acids, peptides, saccharides, nucleotides and nucleosides, etc. have been prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. However, mechanosynthesis of lipids by ball milling techniques has remained essentially unexplored. In this work, a multistep synthetic route to access mono- and diacylglycerol derivatives by mechanochemistry has been realized, including the synthesis of diacylglycerol-coumarin conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - José G Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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40
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Pang Y, Ishiyama T, Kubota K, Ito H. Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Borylation in Air by Using Mechanochemistry. Chemistry 2019; 25:4654-4659. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Pang
- Division of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ishiyama
- Division of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD)Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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Abstract
The present review gives an overview over non-toxic cyanation agents and cyanide sources used in the synthesis of structurally diverse products containing the nitrile function. Nucleophilic as well as electrophilic agents/systems that transfer the entire CN-group were taken in consideration. Reactions in which a preexisting carbon functionality is transformed into a nitrile function by addition of nitrogen are however not covered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Nauth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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42
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Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanochemistry of Gaseous Reactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3285-3299. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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Howard JL, Brand MC, Browne DL. Switching Chemoselectivity: Using Mechanochemistry to Alter Reaction Kinetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16104-16108. [PMID: 30335216 PMCID: PMC6282732 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A reaction manifold has been discovered in which the chemoselectivity can be altered by switching between neat milling and liquid assisted grinding (LAG) with polar additives. After investigation of the reaction mechanism, it has been established that this switching in reaction pathway is due to the neat mechanochemical conditions exhibiting different kinetics for a key step in the transformation. This proof of concept study demonstrates that mechanochemistry can be used to trap the kinetic product of a reaction. It is envisaged that, if this concept can be successfully applied to other transformations, novel synthetic processes could be discovered and known reaction pathways perturbed or diverted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Howard
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3EQ, UK
| | - Michael C Brand
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3EQ, UK
| | - Duncan L Browne
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3EQ, UK
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45
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Howard JL, Brand MC, Browne DL. Switching Chemoselectivity: Using Mechanochemistry to Alter Reaction Kinetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Howard
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3EQ UK
| | - Michael C. Brand
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3EQ UK
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3EQ UK
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Yang J, Chatelet B, Ziarelli F, Dufaud V, Hérault D, Martinez A. Verkade's Superbase as an Organocatalyst for the Strecker Reaction. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS, Centrale Marseille; iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Bastien Chatelet
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS, Centrale Marseille; iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix-Marseille Université; Centrale Marseille; CNRS; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Véronique Dufaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères; Procédés CNRS, UMR 5265; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Damien Hérault
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS, Centrale Marseille; iSm2; Marseille France
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Bolm C, Hernández JG. From Synthesis of Amino Acids and Peptides to Enzymatic Catalysis: A Bottom-Up Approach in Mechanochemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1410-1420. [PMID: 29436773 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chemical reactions induced or facilitated by mechanical energy have gained recognition in diverse areas of chemical synthesis. In particular, mechanosyntheses of amino acids and short peptides, along with their applications in catalysis, have revealed the high degree of stability of peptide bonds in environments of harsh mechanical stress. These observations quickly led to the recent interest in developing mechanochemical enzymatic reactions. Experimentally, manual grinding, ball-milling techniques, and twin-screw extrusion technology have proven valuable to convey mechanical forces into a chemical synthesis. These practices have enabled the establishment of more sustainable alternatives for chemical synthesis by reducing the use of organic solvents and waste production, thereby having a direct impact on the E-factor of the chemical process. In this Minireview, the series of events that allowed the development of mechanochemical enzymatic reactions are described from a bottom-up perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - José G Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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48
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Eguaogie O, Vyle JS, Conlon PF, Gîlea MA, Liang Y. Mechanochemistry of nucleosides, nucleotides and related materials. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:955-970. [PMID: 29765475 PMCID: PMC5942386 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of mechanical force to induce the formation and cleavage of covalent bonds is a rapidly developing field within organic chemistry which has particular value in reducing or eliminating solvent usage, enhancing reaction rates and also in enabling the preparation of products which are otherwise inaccessible under solution-phase conditions. Mechanochemistry has also found recent attention in materials chemistry and API formulation during which rearrangement of non-covalent interactions give rise to functional products. However, this has been known to nucleic acids science almost since its inception in the late nineteenth century when Miescher exploited grinding to facilitate disaggregation of DNA from tightly bound proteins through selective denaturation of the latter. Despite the wide application of ball milling to amino acid chemistry, there have been limited reports of mechanochemical transformations involving nucleoside or nucleotide substrates on preparative scales. A survey of these reactions is provided, the majority of which have used a mixer ball mill and display an almost universal requirement for liquid to be present within the grinding vessel. Mechanochemistry of charged nucleotide substrates, in particular, provides considerable benefits both in terms of efficiency (reducing total processing times from weeks to hours) and by minimising exposure to aqueous conditions, access to previously elusive materials. In the absence of large quantities of solvent and heating, side-reactions can be reduced or eliminated. The central contribution of mechanochemistry (and specifically, ball milling) to the isolation of biologically active materials derived from nuclei by grinding will also be outlined. Finally non-covalent associative processes involving nucleic acids and related materials using mechanochemistry will be described: specifically, solid solutions, cocrystals, polymorph transitions, carbon nanotube dissolution and inclusion complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Eguaogie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Joseph S Vyle
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Patrick F Conlon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Manuela A Gîlea
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Yipei Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
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Mantovani AC, Hernández JG, Bolm C. Synthesis of 3-Iodobenzofurans by Electrophilic Cyclization under Solventless Conditions in a Ball Mill. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson C. Mantovani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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