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Abstract
This review covers the literature published between January and December in 2018 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 717 citations (706 for the period January to December 2018) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1554 in 469 papers for 2018), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. The proportion of MNPs assigned absolute configuration over the last decade is also surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Uka V, Cary JW, Lebar MD, Puel O, De Saeger S, Diana Di Mavungu J. Chemical repertoire and biosynthetic machinery of the Aspergillus flavus secondary metabolome: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2797-2842. [PMID: 33337039 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi represent a rich source of extrolites, including secondary metabolites (SMs) comprising a great variety of astonishing structures and interesting bioactivities. State-of-the-art techniques in genome mining, genetic manipulation, and secondary metabolomics have enabled the scientific community to better elucidate and more deeply appreciate the genetic and biosynthetic chemical arsenal of these microorganisms. Aspergillus flavus is best known as a contaminant of food and feed commodities and a producer of the carcinogenic family of SMs, aflatoxins. This fungus produces many SMs including polyketides, ribosomal and nonribosomal peptides, terpenoids, and other hybrid molecules. This review will discuss the chemical diversity, biosynthetic pathways, and biological/ecological role of A. flavus SMs, as well as their significance concerning food safety and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdet Uka
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Jeffrey W Cary
- Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Matthew D Lebar
- Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Olivier Puel
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José Diana Di Mavungu
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Sun Q, Hu Y, Gu Y, Huang J, He J, Luo L, Yang Y, Yin S, Dou C, Wang T, Fu X, He L, Qi S, Zhu X, Yang S, Wei X, Cheng W. Deciphering the regulatory and catalytic mechanisms of an unusual SAM-dependent enzyme. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:17. [PMID: 31149354 PMCID: PMC6533283 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
S-adenosyl-1-methionine (SAM)-dependent enzymes regulate various disease-related behaviors in all organisms. Recently, the leporin biosynthesis enzyme LepI, a SAM-dependent enzyme, was reported to catalyze pericyclic reactions in leporin biosynthesis; however, the mechanisms underlying LepI activation and catalysis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of LepI. Here, we reported crystal structures of LepI bound to SAM/5'-deoxy-5'-(methylthio) adenosine (MTA), S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH), and SAM/substrate states. Structural and biochemical analysis revealed that MTA or SAH inhibited the enzyme activities, whereas SAM activated the enzyme. The analysis of the substrate-bound structure of LepI demonstrated that this enzymatic retro-Claisen rearrangement was primarily driven by three critical polar residues His133, Arg197, Arg295 around the active site and assisted by SAM with unclear mechanism. The present studies indicate that the unique mechanisms underlying regulatory and catalysis of the unusual SAM-dependent enzyme LepI, not only strengthening current understanding of the fundamentally biochemical catalysis, but also providing novel insights into the design of SAM-dependent enzyme-specific small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Sun
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yuehong Hu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yijun Gu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Zhangheng Road 239, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jiangkun Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jun He
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yi Yang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Shuo Yin
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chao Dou
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
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Chang M, Zhou Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Feng Y. Crystal structure of the multifunctional SAM-dependent enzyme LepI provides insights into its catalytic mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:255-260. [PMID: 31101338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pericyclic reactions are among the most powerful synthetic transformations widely applied in the synthesis of multiple regioselective and stereoselective carbon-carbon bonds. LepI is a recently identified S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent enzyme, which could catalyze dehydration, Diels-Alder reaction, and the retro-Claisen rearrangement reactions. However, the mechanism underlying these reactions by LepI remains elusive. Here we report the structure of LepI in complex with SAM as its co-factor, which adopts a typical class I methyltransferase fold. Docking studies are performed to investigate the binding modes of various substrates/products and provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of the multiple reactions catalyzed by LepI. Our study suggests that the dehydration reaction may start from the deprotonation of the hydroxyl group on the pyridone ring of the substrate by LepIH133, during which R295 and D296 play important roles in substrate binding and stabilizing the reaction intermediate. The stereoselective dehydration is accomplished through the trans-conformer of the leaving alcohol group which is trapped by nearby residues. The pericyclic reactions following dehydration are facilitated by the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions in the binding pocket. H133 and R295, two residues not conserved in other methyltransferases, might account for the unique activity of LepI among the SAM-dependent methyltransferase family. Together, this study provides important structural insights into the unique reactions catalyzed by LepI and will shed light on the knowledge of mechanisms of pericyclic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Zihe Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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