1
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Liang Y, Fábri C, Su J, Billinghurst B, Zhao J, Chen Z, Liu B. Pure rotational and rovibrational spectroscopy of cyclopropylamine in the far-infrared region: -NH2 torsion. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:094303. [PMID: 39230377 DOI: 10.1063/5.0228249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The pure rotational and rovibrational spectra of the ν27 -NH2 torsion of cyclopropylamine (CPA) in the far-infrared region were measured with a high-resolution Fourier transform infrared coupled to a synchrotron. The complex spectra reflect the presence of both trans and gauche conformers. Analysis of the pure rotational spectra (34-64 cm-1) yielded accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of the ground and first two torsional excited states of trans-CPA. The fundamental, hot bands and weak overtones were identified and assigned in the 200-550 cm-1 range. Global analysis of over 19 000 transitions provides accurate energy levels of the torsional polyads up to vT = 3. The torsional levels and their rotational constants were in agreement with the theoretical results from quasiadiabatic channel reaction path Hamiltonian (RPH) calculations, emphasizing the need for molecular-specific theoretical treatments for large amplitude motions. Tunneling components of the torsional fundamental of gauche-CPA were assigned based on the RPH results and symmetry considerations, differing from previous experimental and theoretical work. This comprehensive spectroscopic characterization of CPA is crucial for its potential detection in the interstellar medium as a precursor to complex prebiotic molecules, providing essential data for future astronomical searches and advancing our understanding of nitrogen-containing organic molecules in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd., Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Csaba Fábri
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - Junjie Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd., Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Brant Billinghurst
- Canadian Light Source Far-Infrared Beamline, 44 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Jianbao Zhao
- Canadian Light Source Far-Infrared Beamline, 44 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Ziqiu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd., Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd., Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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Beyer F, Grassin C, Rowen JF, Sander W, Merten C. Vibrational Circular Dichroism of a Chiral Triplet Nitrene Investigated Under Matrix-Isolation Conditions in Parahydrogen. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401731. [PMID: 38700114 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of chiral high-spin organic radicals are expected to show a strong intensity enhancement and are thought to be difficult to predict using state-of-the-art theoretical methods. Herein we show that the chiral triplet nitrene obtained from photochemical cleavage of N2 from enantiopure 2-azido-9H-fluorenol does not feature extraordinarily strong intensities and that the experimental spectra match nicely with calculated ones. Thereby, this study demonstrates the general feasibility of studies on chiral high-spin organics by matrix-isolation VCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Beyer
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Corentin Grassin
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Julien F Rowen
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Christian Merten
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany
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3
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Molpeceres G, Tsuge M, Furuya K, Watanabe N, San Andrés D, Rivilla VM, Colzi L, Aikawa Y. Carbon Atom Condensation on NH 3-H 2O Ices. An Alternative Pathway to Interstellar Methanimine and Methylamine. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38709949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of the nature and behavior of carbon atoms interacting with interstellar ices has prompted a number of investigations on the chemistry initiated by carbon accretion on icy interstellar dust. In this work, we expand the range of processes promoted by carbon accretion to the chemistry initiated by the interaction of this atom with ammonia (NH3) using quantum chemical calculations. We found that carbon addition to the ammonia molecule forms a rather stable radical, CNH3, that is easily hydrogenated. The complete hydrogenation network is later studied. Our calculations reveal that while conversion to simpler molecules like HCN and HNC is indeed a possible outcome promoted by H-abstraction reactions, methylamine is also easily formed (CH3NH2). In fact, the stability of methylamine against hydrogen abstraction makes this molecule the preferred product of the reaction network. Our results serve as a stepping stone toward the accurate modeling of C-addition reactions in realistic astrochemical kinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Molpeceres
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
- Departamento de Astrofísica Molecular, Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC), C/Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Masashi Tsuge
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kenji Furuya
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - David San Andrés
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M Rivilla
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Colzi
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuri Aikawa
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
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4
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Al-Shewiki RK, Weheabby S, Uhlig N, Korb M, Pester T, Zahn S, Grecchi S, Mussini PR, Rüffer T, Lang H. Cobalt(III)-containing penta-dentate "helmet"-type phthalogens: synthesis, solid-state structures and their thermal and electrochemical characterization. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3836-3854. [PMID: 38305694 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of unsubstituted and substituted phthalonitrile (1a-d) with appropriate equivalents of sodium methoxide and ammonia afforded the corresponding 1,3-diiminoisoindolines (2a-d), which were converted to cobalt(III)-containing penta-dentate "helmet"-type phthalogens (3a-d) by the reaction with CoCl2·6H2O as templating agent in the inert solvent 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The identities of 2a-d and 3a-d were established by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). A computational study was performed to determine the most stable tautomeric form of 2a-c in the gas phase. The solid-state structures of 2b and 2c were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) studies to confirm their existence in the stereoisomeric anti-form, which is aligned with quantum chemical computations. SC-XRD studies of 3a and 3b revealed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry around the CoIII ions which are coordinated by five N-donor atoms and one extra co-ligand, resulting in a coordination environment of CoN5Cl (3a) and CoN5O (3b), respectively. The thermal stabilities of 2a-d and 3a-d were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in the temperature range of 40-500 °C and 40-800 °C, respectively, revealing that 3a-d were converted to the parent cobalt(II)-containing phthalocyanines (4a-d), which was verified independently by furnace heating experiments. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of 3a was studied exemplarily for the phthalogens by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. This study showed that 4a (CoPc) is formed irreversibly by reducing 3a electrochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha K Al-Shewiki
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Saddam Weheabby
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Measurement and Sensor Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Nell Uhlig
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Marcus Korb
- University of Western Australia, School of Molecular Sciences, M310, 6009 Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tom Pester
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Grecchi
- University of Milan, Department of Chemistry, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - P R Mussini
- University of Milan, Department of Chemistry, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Chemnitz University of Technology, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nano-membranes (MAIN) Research Group Organometallic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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5
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Wang L, Jiang X, Trabelsi T, Wang G, Francisco JS, Zeng X, Zhou M. Spectroscopic Study of [Mg, H, N, C, O] Species: Implications for the Astrochemical Magnesium Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4162-4171. [PMID: 38306246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium is an abundant metal element in space, and magnesium chemistry has vital importance in the evolution of interstellar medium (ISM) and circumstellar regions, such as the asymptotic giant branch star IRC+10216 where a variety of Mg compounds bearing H, C, N, and O have been detected and proposed as the important components in the gas-phase molecular clouds and solid-state dust grains. Herein, we report the formation and infrared spectroscopic characterization of the Mg-bearing molecules HMg, [Mg, N, C], [Mg, H, N, C], [Mg, N, C, O], and [Mg, H, N, C, O] from the reactions of Mg/Mg+ and the prebiotic isocyanic acid (HNCO) in the solid neon matrix. Based on their thermal diffusion and photochemical behavior, a complex reactivity landscape involving association, decomposition, and isomerization reactions of these Mg-bearing molecules is developed, which can not only help understand the chemical processes of the magnesium (iso)cyanides in astrochemistry but also provide implications on the presence of magnesium (iso)cyanates in the ISM and the chemical model for the dust grain surface reactions. It also provides a new paradigm of the key intermediate nature of the cationic complexes in the formation of neutral interstellar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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6
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Paul M, Thomulka T, Harnying W, Neudörfl JM, Adams CR, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J, Meijer AJHM, Berkessel A, Schäfer M. Hydrogen Bonding Shuts Down Tunneling in Hydroxycarbenes: A Gas-Phase Study by Tandem-Mass Spectrometry, Infrared Ion Spectroscopy, and Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37235775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycarbenes can be generated and structurally characterized in the gas phase by collision-induced decarboxylation of α-keto carboxylic acids, followed by infrared ion spectroscopy. Using this approach, we have shown earlier that quantum-mechanical hydrogen tunneling (QMHT) accounts for the isomerization of a charge-tagged phenylhydroxycarbene to the corresponding aldehyde in the gas phase and above room temperature. Herein, we report the results of our current study on aliphatic trialkylammonio-tagged systems. Quite unexpectedly, the flexible 3-(trimethylammonio)propylhydroxycarbene turned out to be stable─no H-shift to either aldehyde or enol occurred. As supported by density functional theory calculations, this novel QMHT inhibition is due to intramolecular H-bonding of a mildly acidic α-ammonio C-H bonds to the hydroxyl carbene's C-atom (C:···H-C). To further support this hypothesis, (4-quinuclidinyl)hydroxycarbenes were synthesized, whose rigid structure prevents this intramolecular H-bonding. The latter hydroxycarbenes underwent "regular" QMHT to the aldehyde at rates comparable to, e.g., methylhydroxycarbene studied by Schreiner et al. While QMHT has been shown for a number of biological H-shift processes, its inhibition by H-bonding disclosed here may serve for the stabilization of highly reactive intermediates such as carbenes, even as a mechanism for biasing intrinsic selectivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Thomas Thomulka
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Charlie R Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Mathias Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, Cologne 50939, Germany
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7
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Paczelt V, Wende RC, Schreiner PR, Eckhardt AK. Glycine Imine-The Elusive α-Imino Acid Intermediate in the Reductive Amination of Glyoxylic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218548. [PMID: 36656102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simple unhindered aldimines tend to hydrolyze or oligomerize and are therefore spectroscopically not well characterized. Herein we report the formation and spectroscopic characterization of the simplest imino acid, namely glycine imine, by cryogenic matrix isolation IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Glycine imine forms after UV irradiation of 2-azidoacetic acid by N2 extrusion in anti-(E,E)- and anti-(Z,Z)-conformation that can be photochemically interconverted. In matrix isolation pyrolysis experiments with 2-azidoacetic acid, glycine imine cannot be trapped as it further decarboxylates to aminomethylene. In aqueous solution glycine imine is hydrolyzed to hydroxy glycine and hydrated glyoxylic acid. At higher concentrations or in the presence of FeII SO4 as a reducing agent glycine imine undergoes self-reduction by oxidative decarboxylation chemistry. Glycine imine may be seen as one of the key reaction intermediates connecting prebiotic amino acid and sugar formation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Paczelt
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Raffael C Wende
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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8
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Bernhardt B, Schauermann M, Solel E, Eckhardt AK, Schreiner PR. Equilibrating parent aminomercaptocarbene and CO 2 with 2-amino-2-thioxoacetic acid via heavy-atom quantum tunneling. Chem Sci 2022; 14:130-135. [PMID: 36605744 PMCID: PMC9769125 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for methods to bind CO2 and use it synthetically as a C1-building block under mild conditions is an ongoing endeavor of great urgency. The formation of heterocyclic carbene-carbon dioxide adducts occurs rapidly when the carbene is generated in solution in the presence of CO2. Here we demonstrate the reversible formation of a complex of the hitherto unreported aminomercaptocarbene (H2N-C̈-SH) with CO2 isolated in solid argon by photolysis of 2-amino-2-thioxoacetic acid. Remarkably, the complex disappears in the dark as deduced by time-dependent matrix infrared measurements, and equilibrates back to the covalently bound starting material. This kinetically excluded process below ca. 8 K is made possible through heavy-atom quantum mechanical tunneling, as also evident from density functional theory and ab initio computations at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level of theory. Our results provide insight into CO2 activation using a carbene and emphasize the role of quantum mechanical tunneling in organic processes, even involving heavy atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Bernhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Markus Schauermann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Ephrath Solel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
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9
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Paranjothy M. Theoretical Investigation of Dissociation versus Intramolecular Rearrangements in Aminohydroxymethylene. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6927-6933. [PMID: 36130264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aminohydroxymethylene (H2N-C̈-OH) is the simplest aminooxycarbene which is a heteroatom stabilized carbene. This highly reactive molecule was prepared in an Ar matrix in a recent experimental work. Unimolecular reactivity of this astrochemically important molecule was investigated and only fragmentations were identified contrary to the observations of both fragmentations and intramolecular rearrangements in other hydroxycarbenes. These rearrangement reactions form the corresponding imine and carbonyl compounds. In the present work, direct chemical dynamics simulations of unimolecular chemistry of aminohydroxymethylene were performed in the gas phase to study atomic level dissociation mechanisms. Classical trajectories were generated on-the-fly using potentials and gradients computed at the density functional B3LYP/6-31+G* level of electronic structure theory. Simulation results showed that intramolecular rearrangements accompany fragmentations during the unimolecular decay process of aminohydroxymethylene. However, the average lifetime of the intermediate isomers were found to be only few picoseconds which might not have been long enough for detection in the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Paranjothy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
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10
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Abstract
We report the isolation of hydroxy mercapto methylene (HO-C̈-SH) under cryogenic conditions via pyrolysis of 2-ethoxy-2-thioxo-acetic acid. The two most stable carbene rotamers form via extrusion of ethylene and CO2 from this precursor. This donor-stabilized carbene represents a hitherto uncharacterized CH2SO species and the first spectroscopically characterized free mercapto carbene. CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ computations support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schauermann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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11
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Melosso M, Bizzocchi L, Gazzeh H, Tonolo F, Guillemin JC, Alessandrini S, Rivilla VM, Dore L, Barone V, Puzzarini C. Gas-phase identification of ( Z)-1,2-ethenediol, a key prebiotic intermediate in the formose reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2750-2753. [PMID: 35119446 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06919e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prebiotic sugars are thought to be formed on primitive Earth by the formose reaction. However, their formation is not fully understood and it is plausible that key intermediates could have formed in extraterrestrial environments and subsequently delivered on early Earth by cometary bodies. 1,2-Ethenediol, the enol form of glycolaldehyde, represents a highly reactive intermediate of the formose reaction and is likely detectable in the interstellar medium. Here, we report the identification and first characterization of (Z)-1,2-ethenediol by means of rotational spectroscopy. The title compound has been produced in the gas phase by flash vacuum pyrolysis of bis-exo-5-norbornene-2,3-diol at 750 °C, through a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. The spectral analysis was guided by high-level quantum-chemical calculations, which predicted spectroscopic parameters in very good agreement with the experiment. Our study provides accurate spectral data to be used for searches of (Z)-1,2-ethenediol in the interstellar space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Melosso
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy. .,Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Bizzocchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy. .,Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Houda Gazzeh
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.,Université de Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded B. P 56, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Tonolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy. .,Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemin
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Silvia Alessandrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy. .,Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Víctor M Rivilla
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. de Ajalvir Km. 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain.,INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Dore
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Hoobler PR, Villegas-Escobar N, Turney JM, Toro-Labbé A, Schaefer HF. Substituent Effects on Aluminyl Anions and Derived Systems: A High-Level Theory. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10379-10391. [PMID: 34812036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminyl anions are low-valent aluminum species bearing a lone pair of electrons and a negative charge. These systems have drawn recent synthetic interest for their nucleophilic nature, allowing for the activation of σ-bonds, and have been proposed as a pathway to hydrogen energy storage. In this research, we provide high-level ab initio geometries and energies for both the simplest aluminyl anion (AlH2-) and several substituted derivatives. Geometries are reported using the gold-standard CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z level of theory. Energies were extrapolated to the complete basis set limit through the focal point approach, utilizing coupled-cluster methods through perturbative quadruples and basis sets up to five-ζ quality. Geometries were rationalized using electrostatic, steric, and orbital donation effects. The donation from substituents to Al is accompanied by back-donation effects, a property traditionally thought of in transition-metal systems. Stereoelectronic effects through the secondary orbital interaction play a fundamental role in stabilizing these low-valent aluminum compounds and would likely also affect the feasibility of their use within several industrial applications. The energetic analysis of the formation of each substituted anion is rationalized as the result of three energetic schemes. The effectiveness of these schemes for determining the relative formation energies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston R Hoobler
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant College, Lookout Mountain, Georgia 30750, United States
| | - Nery Villegas-Escobar
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, Santiago 4860, Chile
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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13
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Yang Z, He C, Goettl S, Kaiser RI, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM. Directed Gas-Phase Formation of Aminosilylene (HSiNH 2; X1A'): The Simplest Silicon Analogue of an Aminocarbene, under Single-Collision Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14227-14234. [PMID: 34431671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aminosilylene molecule (HSiNH2, X1A')-the simplest representative of an unsaturated nitrogen-silylene-has been formed under single collision conditions via the gas phase elementary reaction involving the silylidyne radical (SiH) and ammonia (NH3). The reaction is initiated by the barrierless addition of the silylidyne radical to the nonbonding electron pair of nitrogen forming an HSiNH3 collision complex, which then undergoes unimolecular decomposition to aminosilylene (HSiNH2) via atomic hydrogen loss from the nitrogen atom. Compared to the isovalent aminomethylene carbene (HCNH2, X1A'), by replacing a single carbon atom with silicon, a profound effect on the stability and chemical bonding of the isovalent methanimine (H2CNH)-aminomethylene (HNCH2) and aminosilylene (HSiNH2)-silanimine (H2SiNH) isomer pairs is shown; i.e., thermodynamical stabilities of the carbene versus silylene are reversed by 220 kJ mol-1. Hence, the isovalency of the main group XIV element silicon was found to exhibit little similarities with the atomic carbon revealing a remarkable effect not only on the reactivity but also on the thermochemistry and chemical bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Shane Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | | | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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14
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Feldman VI, Ryazantsev SV, Kameneva SV. Matrix isolation in laboratory astrochemistry: state-of-the-art, implications and perspective. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Bernhardt B, Ruth M, Reisenauer HP, Schreiner PR. Aminohydroxymethylene (H 2N-C̈-OH), the Simplest Aminooxycarbene. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7023-7028. [PMID: 34374543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We generated and isolated hitherto unreported aminohydroxymethylene (1, aminohydroxycarbene) in solid Ar via pyrolysis of oxalic acid monoamide (2). Astrochemically relevant carbene 1 is persistent under cryogenic conditions and only decomposes to HNCO + H2 and NH3 + CO upon irradiation of the matrix at 254 nm. This photoreactivity is contrary to other hydroxycarbenes and aminomethylene, which undergo [1,2]H shifts to the corresponding carbonyls or imine. The experimental data are well supported by the results of CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ and B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Bernhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcel Ruth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Reisenauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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16
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Sundelin D, Ascenzi D, Richardson V, Alcaraz C, Polášek M, Romanzin C, Thissen R, Tosi P, Žabka J, Geppert W. The reactivity of methanimine radical cation (H2CNH•+) and its isomer aminomethylene (HCNH2•+) with C2H4. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Mardyukov A, Keul F, Schreiner PR. 1,1,2‐Ethenetriol: The Enol of Glycolic Acid, a High‐Energy Prebiotic Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mardyukov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Felix Keul
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
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18
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Mardyukov A, Keul F, Schreiner PR. 1,1,2-Ethenetriol: The Enol of Glycolic Acid, a High-Energy Prebiotic Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15313-15316. [PMID: 33950559 PMCID: PMC8362078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As low‐temperature conditions (e.g. in space) prohibit reactions requiring large activation energies, an alternative mechanism for follow‐up transformations of highly stable molecules involves the reactions of higher energy isomers that were generated in a different environment. Hence, one working model for the formation of larger organic molecules is their generation from high‐lying isomers of otherwise rather stable molecules. As an example, we present here the synthesis as well as IR and UV/Vis spectroscopic identification of the previously elusive 1,1,2‐ethenetriol, the higher energy enol tautomer of glycolic acid, a rather stable and hence unreactive biological building block. The title compound was generated in the gas phase by flash vacuum pyrolysis of tartronic acid at 400 °C and was subsequently trapped in argon matrices at 10 K. The spectral assignments are supported by B3LYP/6–311++G(2d,2p) computations. Upon photolysis at λ=180–254 nm, 1,1,2‐ethenetriol rearranges to glycolic acid and ketene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mardyukov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Keul
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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19
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Monascal Y, Badenes MP. The gas-phase pyrolysis of cyclopropylamine. Quantum chemical characterisation of the intermediates involved. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1814436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeljair Monascal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Paula Badenes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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20
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Bao QF, Li M, Xia Y, Wang YZ, Zhou ZZ, Liang YM. Visible-Light-Mediated Decarboxylative Radical Addition Bifunctionalization Cascade for the Production of 1,4-Amino Alcohols. Org Lett 2021; 23:1107-1112. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Fei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhao-Zhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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21
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Mardyukov A, Keul F, Schreiner PR. Preparation and characterization of the enol of acetamide: 1-aminoethenol, a high-energy prebiotic molecule. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12358-12363. [PMID: 34094445 PMCID: PMC8162875 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amide tautomers, which constitute the higher-energy amide bond linkage, not only are key for a variety of biological but also prebiotic processes. In this work, we present the gas-phase synthesis of 1-aminoethenol, the higher-energy tautomer of acetamide, that has not been spectroscopically identified to date. The title compound was prepared by flash vacuum pyrolysis of malonamic acid and was characterized employing matrix isolation infrared as well as ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. Coupled-cluster computations at the AE-CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level of theory support the spectroscopic assignments. Upon photolysis at λ > 270 nm, the enol rearranges to acetamide as well as ketene and ammonia. As the latter two are even higher in energy, they constitute viable starting materials for formation of the title compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mardyukov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Felix Keul
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
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22
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Ye HZ, Tran HK, Van Voorhis T. Bootstrap Embedding For Large Molecular Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5035-5046. [PMID: 32589842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in quantum embedding theories have provided attractive approaches to correlated calculations for large systems. In this work, we extend our previous work [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 4497-4506; J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 6368-6374] on bootstrap embedding (BE) to enable correlated ab initio calculations at the coupled cluster with singles and doubles (CCSD) level for large molecules. We introduce several new algorithmic developments that significantly reduce the computational cost of BE, while maintaining its accuracy. The resulting implementation scales as O(N3) for the integral transform and O(N) for the CCSD calculation. Numerical results on a series of conjugated molecules suggest that BE with reasonably sized fragments can recover more than 99.5% of the total correlation energy of a full CCSD calculation, while the required computational resources (time and storage) compare favorably to one popular local correlation scheme: domain localized pair natural orbital (DLPNO). The largest BE calculation in this work involves ∼2900 basis functions and can be performed on a single node with 16 CPU cores and 64 GB of memory in a few days. We anticipate that these developments represent an important step toward the application of BE to solve practical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Henry K Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Sokolova OO, Bower JF. Selective Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage of Cyclopropylamine Derivatives. Chem Rev 2020; 121:80-109. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga O. Sokolova
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Bower
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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24
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Abbott BZ, Hoobler PR, Schaefer HF. Relatives of cyanomethylene: replacement of the divalent carbon by B -, N +, Al -, Si, P +, Ga -, Ge, and As . Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26438-26452. [PMID: 31774089 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The lowest lying singlet and triplet states of HBCN-, HCCN, HNCN+, HAlCN-, HSiCN, HPCN+, HGaCN-, HGeCN, and HAsCN+ were studied using the CCSDT(Q)/CBS//CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ level of theory. Periodic trends in geometries, singlet-triplet gaps, and barriers to linearity were established and analyzed. The first row increasingly favors the triplet state, with a singlet-triplet gap (ΔEST = Esinglet - Etriplet) of 3.5 kcal mol-1, 11.9 kcal mol-1, and 22.6 kcal mol-1, respectively, for HBCN-, HCCN, and HNCN+. The second row increasing favors the singlet state, with singlet-triplet gaps of -20.4 kcal mol-1 (HAlCN-), -26.6 kcal mol-1 (HSiCN), and -26.8 kcal mol-1 (HPCN+). The third row also favors the singlet state, with singlet-triplet gaps of -26.8 kcal mol-1 (HGaCN-), -33.5 kcal mol-1 (HGeCN), and -33.1 kcal mol-1 (HAsCN+). The HXCN species have larger absolute singlet-triplet energy gaps compared to their parent species XH2 except for the case of X = N+. The effect of the substitution of hydrogen with a cyano group was analyzed with isodesmic bond separation analysis and NBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Z Abbott
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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25
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Bhawal BN, Morandi B. Catalytic Isofunctional Reactions—Expanding the Repertoire of Shuttle and Metathesis Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10074-10103. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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26
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Wagner JP, Giles SM, Duncan MA. Gas phase infrared spectroscopy of the H2C NH2+ methaniminium cation. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Bhawal BN, Morandi B. Katalytische, isofunktionelle Reaktionen – Erweiterung des Repertoires an Shuttle‐ und Metathesereaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Laboratorium für Organische ChemieETH Zürich 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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28
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Montesinos‐Magraner M, Costantini M, Ramírez‐Contreras R, Muratore ME, Johansson MJ, Mendoza A. General Cyclopropane Assembly by Enantioselective Transfer of a Redox‐Active Carbene to Aliphatic Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Costantini
- Dept. of Organic ChemistryStockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Michael E. Muratore
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism IMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca Gothenburg 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Magnus J. Johansson
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism IMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca Gothenburg 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Dept. of Organic ChemistryStockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory 10691 Stockholm Sweden
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29
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Montesinos-Magraner M, Costantini M, Ramírez-Contreras R, Muratore ME, Johansson MJ, Mendoza A. General Cyclopropane Assembly by Enantioselective Transfer of a Redox-Active Carbene to Aliphatic Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5930-5935. [PMID: 30675970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cyclopropane synthesis currently requires bespoke strategies, methods, substrates, and reagents, even when targeting similar compounds. This approach slows down discovery and limits available chemical space. Introduced herein is a practical and versatile diazocompound and its performance in the first unified asymmetric synthesis of functionalized cyclopropanes. The redox-active leaving group in this reagent enhances the reactivity and selectivity of geminal carbene transfer. This effect allowed the asymmetric cyclopropanation of various olefins, including unfunctionalized aliphatic alkenes, that enables the three-step total synthesis of (-)-dictyopterene A. This unified synthetic approach delivers high enantioselectivities that are independent of the stereoelectronic properties of the functional groups transferred. Our results demonstrate that orthogonally differentiated diazocompounds are viable and advantageous equivalents of single-carbon chirons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Montesinos-Magraner
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Costantini
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michael E Muratore
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Johansson
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Eckhardt AK, Erb FR, Schreiner PR. Conformer-specific [1,2] H-tunnelling in captodatively-stabilized cyanohydroxycarbene (NC-C[combining umlaut]-OH). Chem Sci 2019; 10:802-808. [PMID: 30774874 PMCID: PMC6345350 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the gas-phase preparation of cyanohydroxycarbene by high-vacuum flash pyrolysis of ethyl 2-cyano-2-oxoacetate and subsequent trapping of the pyrolysate in an inert argon matrix at 3 K. After irradiation of the matrix with green light for a few seconds singlet trans-cyanohydroxycarbene rearranges to its cis-conformer. Prolonged irradiation leads to the formation of cyanoformaldehyde and isomeric isocyanoformaldehyde. Cis- and trans-cyanohydroxycarbene were characterized by matching matrix IR and UV/Vis spectroscopic data with ab initio coupled cluster and TD-DFT computations. Trans-cyanohydroxycarbene undergoes a conformer-specific [1,2]H-tunnelling reaction through a 33.3 kcal mol-1 barrier (the highest penetrated barrier of all H-tunnelling reactions observed to date) to cyanoformaldehyde with a half-life of 23.5 ± 0.5 d; this is the longest half-life reported for an H-tunnelling process to date. During the tunnelling reaction the cis-conformer remains unchanged over the same period of time and the Curtin-Hammett principle does not apply. NIR irradiation of the O-H stretching overtone does not enhance the tunnelling rate via vibrational activation. Push-pull stabilisation of hydroxycarbenes through σ- and π-withdrawing groups therefore is even more stabilizing than push-push substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- André K Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen , Germany .
| | - Frederik R Erb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen , Germany .
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen , Germany .
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31
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A crystalline monosubstituted carbene. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1196-1200. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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Gas-phase sugar formation using hydroxymethylene as the reactive formaldehyde isomer. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1141-1147. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Wentrup C. Carbenes and Nitrenes: Recent Developments in Fundamental Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11508-11521. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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34
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Wentrup C. Carbene und Nitrene: Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Grundlagenchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australien
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