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Xu H, Hong Q, Zhang ZY, Cai X, Fan Y, Liu Z, Huang W, Yan N, Qu Z, Zhang L. SO 2-Driven In Situ Formation of Superstable Hg 3Se 2Cl 2 for Effective Flue Gas Mercury Removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5424-5432. [PMID: 36939455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flue gas mercury removal is mandatory for decreasing global mercury background concentration and ecosystem protection, but it severely suffers from the instability of traditional demercury products (e.g., HgCl2, HgO, HgS, and HgSe). Herein, we demonstrate a superstable Hg3Se2Cl2 compound, which offers a promising next-generation flue gas mercury removal strategy. Theoretical calculations revealed a superstable Hg bonding structure in Hg3Se2Cl2, with the highest mercury dissociation energy (4.71 eV) among all known mercury compounds. Experiments demonstrate its unprecedentedly high thermal stability (>400 °C) and strong acid resistance (5% H2SO4). The Hg3Se2Cl2 compound could be produced via the reduction of SeO32- to nascent active Se0 by the flue gas component SO2 and the subsequent combination of Se0 with Hg0 and Cl- ions or HgCl2. During a laboratory-simulated experiment, this Hg3Se2Cl2-based strategy achieves >96% removal efficiencies of both Hg0 and HgCl2 enabling nearly zero Hg0 re-emission. As expected, real mercury removal efficiency under Se-rich industrial flue gas conditions is much more efficient than Se-poor counterparts, confirming the feasibility of this Hg3Se2Cl2-based strategy for practical applications. This study sheds light on the importance of stable demercury products in flue gas mercury treatment and also provides a highly efficient and safe flue gas demercury strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinyuan Hong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangling Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yurui Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhisong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Naiqiang Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zan Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA. Transition Metal Chain Complexes Supported by Soft Donor Assembling Ligands. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7346-7397. [PMID: 34080835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of discrete molecular chains constituted by metals in low oxidation states, displaying metal-metal proximity and stabilized by suitable metal-bridging, assembling ligands comprising at least one soft donor atom is comprehensively reviewed; complexes with a single (hard or soft) bridging atom (e.g., μ-halide, μ-sulfide, or μ-PR2 etc.) as well as "closed" metal arrays (that fall in the realm of cluster chemistry) are excluded. The focus is on transition metal-based systems, with few excursions to cases combining transition and post-transition elements. Most relevant supporting ligands have neutral C, P, O, or S donor (mainly, N-heterocyclic carbene, phosphine, ether, thioether) or anionic donor (mainly phenyl, ylide, silyl, phosphide, thiolate) groups. A supporting-ligand-based classification of the metal chains is introduced, using as the classifying parameter the number of "bites" (i.e., ligand bridges) subtending each intermetallic separation. The ligands are further grouped according to the number of donor atoms interacting with the metal chain (called denticity in the following) and the column of the Periodic Table to which the set of donor atoms belongs (in ascending order). A complementary metal-based compilation of the complexes discussed is also provided in a concise tabular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Braunstein
- CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Andreas A Danopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Tagne Kuate AC, Lalancette RA, Bockfeld D, Tamm M, Jäkle F. Palladium(0) complexes of diferrocenylmercury diphosphines: synthesis, X-ray structure analyses, catalytic isomerization, and C-Cl bond activation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4512-4518. [PMID: 33687041 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00641j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(0) phosphine complexes are of great importance as catalysts in numerous bond formation reactions that involve oxidative addition of substrates. Highly active catalysts with labile ligands are of particular interest but can be challenging to isolate and structurally characterize. We investigate here the synthesis and chemical reactivity of Pd0 complexes that contain geometrically adaptable diferrocenylmercury-bridged diphosphine chelate ligands (L) in combination with a labile dibenzylideneacetone (dba) ligand. The diastereomeric diphosphines 1a (pSpR, meso-isomer) and 1b (pSpS-isomer) differ in the orientation of the ferrocene moieties relative to the central Ph2PC5H3-Hg-C5H3PPh2 bridging entity. The structurally distinct trigonal LPd0(dba) complexes 2a (meso) and 2b (pSpS) are obtained upon treatment with Pd(dba)2. A competition reaction reveals that 1b reacts faster than 1a with Pd(dba)2. Unexpectedly, catalytic interconversion of 1a (meso) into 1b (rac) is observed at room temperature in the presence of only catalytic amounts of Pd(dba)2. Both Pd0 complexes, 2a and 2b, readily undergo oxidative addition into the C-Cl bond of CH2Cl2 at moderate temperatures with formation of the square-planar trans-chelate complexes LPdIICl(CH2Cl) (3a, 3b). Kinetic studies reveal a significantly higher reaction rate for the meso-isomer 2a in comparison to (pSpS)-2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C Tagne Kuate
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Takaya J. Catalysis using transition metal complexes featuring main group metal and metalloid compounds as supporting ligands. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1964-1981. [PMID: 34163959 PMCID: PMC8179324 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04238b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent development in catalytic application of transition metal complexes having an M-E bond (E = main group metal or metalloid element), which is stabilized by a multidentate ligand, is summarized. Main group metal and metalloid supporting ligands furnish unusual electronic and steric environments and molecular functions to transition metals, which are not easily available with standard organic supporting ligands such as phosphines and amines. These characteristics often realize remarkable catalytic activity, unique product selectivity, and new molecular transformations. This perspective demonstrates the promising utility of main group metal and metalloid compounds as a new class of supporting ligands for transition metal catalysts in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takaya
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
- JST, PRESTO Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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Morris LJ, Rajabi NA, Mahon MF, Manners I, McMullin CL, Hill MS. Synthesis and reactivity of alkaline-earth stannanide complexes by hydride-mediated distannane metathesis and organostannane dehydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10523-10534. [PMID: 32691789 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02406f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of heteroleptic complexes with calcium- and magnesium-tin bonds is described. The dimeric β-diketiminato calcium hydride complex, [(BDI)Ca(μ-H)]2 (ICa) reacts with Ph3Sn-SnPh3 to provide the previously reported μ2-H bridged calcium stannanide dimer, [(BDI)2Ca2(SnPh3)(μ-H)] (3). Computational assessment of this reaction supports a mechanism involving a hypervalent stannate intermediate formed by nucleophilic attack of hydride on the distannane. Monomeric calcium stannanides, [(BDI)Ca(SnPh3)·OPPh3] (8·OPPh3) and [(BDI)Ca(SnPh3)·TMTHF] (8·TMTHF, TMTHF = 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran) were obtained from ICa and Ph3Sn-SnPh3, after addition OPPh3 or TMTHF. Both complexes were also synthesised by deprotonation of Ph3SnH by ICa in the presence of the Lewis base. The calcium and magnesium THF adducts, [(BDI)Ca(SnPh3)·THF2] (8·THF2) and [(BDI)Mg(SnPh3)·THF] (9·THF), were similarly prepared from [(BDI)Ca(μ-H)·(THF)]2 (ICa·THF2) or [(BDI)Mg(μ-H)]2 (IMg) and Ph3SnH. An excess of THF or TMTHF was essential in order to obtain 8·TMTHF, 8·THF2 and 9·THF in high yields whilst avoiding redistribution of the phenyl-tin ligand. The resulting Ae-Sn complexes were used as a source of [Ph3Sn]- in salt metathesis, to provide the known tristannane Ph3Sn-Sn(t-Bu)2-SnPh3 (11). Nucleophilic addition or insertion with N,N'-di-iso-propylcarbodiimide provided the stannyl-amidinate complexes, [(BDI)Mg{(iPrN)2CSnPh3}] (12) and [(BDI)Ca{(iPrN)2CSnPh3}·L] (13·TMTHF, 13·THF, L = TMTHF, THF). The reactions and products were monitored and characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, whilst for compounds 8, 9, 12, and 13·THF, the X-ray crystal structures are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Nasir A Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Tagne Kuate AC, Lalancette RA, Bannenberg T, Tamm M, Jäkle F. Diferrocenylmercury diphosphine diastereomers with unique geometries: trans-chelation at Pd(ii) with short Hg(ii)Pd(ii) contacts. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13430-13439. [PMID: 31441475 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diphosphine chelate ligands are essential in many catalytic processes with both the electronic structure and bite angle having a dramatic influence on the coordination behavior and catalytic performance. The synthesis of a new class of diferrocenylmercury-supported diphosphine chelate ligands was accomplished by the reaction of (ortho-diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl sulfinate (2) with t-BuLi, followed by treatment with mercury(ii) chloride. Two diastereomers, 4a (pSpR-, meso-isomer) and 4b (pSpS-isomer), differ in the orientation of the ferrocene moiety relative to the central Ph2PC5H3-Hg-C5H3PPh2 bridging entity. They were isolated independently and fully characterized in solution and in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Key characteristics of these ligands are their exceptionally wide and flexible bite angles and the unique stereochemical environment that is achieved upon coordination to transition metals. Complexation to Pd(ii)Cl2 gives rise to unusual square-planar trans-chelate complexes 5a (meso) and 5b (pSpS). In competition reactions, 4a and 4b show similar reactivity toward Pd(ii)Cl2. The molecular structures of 5a and 5b exhibit short PdHg contacts, possibly indicating secondary metallophilic interactions as further evidenced by bond-critical points between Pd and Hg that were identified by AIM analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C Tagne Kuate
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Roger A Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Gawron M, Nayyar B, Krabbe C, Lutter M, Jurkschat K. A Novel Ferrocene‐Backboned Unsymmetrical Pincer‐Type Proligand and Its Organotin Derivatives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gawron
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Bastian Nayyar
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Christina Krabbe
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Michael Lutter
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto‐Hahn‐Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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8
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Tagne Kuate AC, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Mechanistic Studies into the Sn/Hg Exchange Reaction of 1,2-Fc(PPh2)(SnMe3) with HgCl2: Competitive Sn–Me over Sn–Fc Cleavage in Noncoordinating Solvents. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain C. Tagne Kuate
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University—Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University—Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University—Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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