1
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Park J, Lee S, Jafter OF, Cheon J, Lungerich D. Electron beam-induced demetallation of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, and Pt metalloporphyrins: insights in e-beam chemistry and metal cluster formations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8051-8061. [PMID: 38314818 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05848d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Electron beams are versatile tools for nanoscale fabrication processes, however, the underlying e-beam chemistry remains in its infancy. Through operando transmission electron microscopy investigations, we elucidate a redox-driven cargo release of individual metal atoms triggered by electron beams. The chosen organic delivery molecule, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), proves highly versatile, forming complexes with nearly all metals from the periodic table and being easily processed in solution. A comprehensive cinematographic analysis of the dynamics of single metal atoms confirms the nearly instantaneous ejection of complexed metal atoms under an 80 kV electron beam, underscoring the system's broad versatility. Providing mechanistic insights, we employ density functional theory to support the proposed reductive demetallation pathway facilitated by secondary electrons, contributing novel perspectives to electron beam-mediated chemical reaction mechanisms. Lastly, our findings demonstrate that all seven metals investigated form nanoclusters once ejected from TPP, highlighting the method's potential for studying and developing sustainable single-atom and nanocluster catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseong Park
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sol Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Orein Francis Jafter
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Adhikari R, Brox J, Massicot S, Ruppel M, Jux N, Marbach H, Steinrück HP. Structure and Conformation of Individual Molecules upon Adsorption of a Mixture of Benzoporphyrins on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300355. [PMID: 37341973 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption behavior of a mixture of six 2H-tetrakis-(3, 5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(x)benzoporphyrins (2H-diTTBP(x)BPs, x=0, 1, 2-cis, 2-trans, 3, and 4) on Ag(111), Cu(111) and Cu(110) at room temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultra-high vacuum conditions. On Ag(111), we observe an ordered two-dimensional square phase, which is stable up to 400 K. On Cu(111), the same square phase coexists with a stripe phase, which disappears at 400 K. In contrast, on Cu(110), 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs adsorb as immobile isolated molecules or dispersed short chains along the [11 ‾ ${\bar{1}}$ 0] substrate direction, which remain intact up to 450 K. The stabilization of the 2D supramolecular structures on Ag(111) and Cu(111), and of the 1D short chains on Cu(110) is attributed to van der Waals interactions between the tert-butyl and phenyl groups of neighboring molecules. From high-resolution STM, we can assign all six 2H-diTTBP(x)BPs within the ordered structures. Moreover, we deduce a crown shape quadratic conformation on Ag(111) and Cu(111), an additional saddle-shape on Cu(111), and an inverted structure and a quadratic appearance on Cu(110). The different conformations are attributed to the different degree of interaction of the iminic nitrogen atoms of the isoindole and pyrrole groups with the substrate atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Brox
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Ruppel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Wang S, Ding P, Li Z, Mattioli C, E W, Sun Y, Gourdon A, Kantorovich LN, Besenbacher F, Yang X, Yu M. Subsurface-Carbon-Induced Local Charge of Copper for an On-Surface Displacement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23123-23127. [PMID: 34448330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal carbides have sparked unprecedented enthusiasm as high-performance catalysts in recent years. Still, the catalytic properties of copper carbide remain unexplored. By introducing subsurface carbon to Cu(111), a displacement reaction of a proton in a carboxyl acid group with a single Cu atom is demonstrated at the atomic scale and room temperature. Its occurrence is attributed to the C-doping-induced local charge of surface Cu atoms (up to +0.30 e/atom), which accelerates the rate of on-surface deprotonation via reduction of the corresponding energy barrier, thus enabling the instant displacement of a proton with a Cu atom when the molecules adsorb on the surface. This well-defined and robust Cuδ+ surface based on subsurface-carbon doping offers a novel catalytic platform for on-surface synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Pengcheng Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | | | - Wenlong E
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | | | - Lev N Kantorovich
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Xueming Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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4
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Wang S, Ding P, Li Z, Mattioli C, E W, Sun Y, Gourdon A, Kantorovich LN, Besenbacher F, Yang X, Yu M. Subsurface‐Carbon‐Induced Local Charge of Copper for an On‐Surface Displacement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Pengcheng Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | | | - Wenlong E
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Ye Sun
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | | | - Lev N. Kantorovich
- Department of Physics King's College London The Strand London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Xueming Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
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5
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Knecht P, Reichert J, Deimel PS, Feulner P, Haag F, Allegretti F, Garnica M, Schwarz M, Auwärter W, Ryan PTP, Lee T, Duncan DA, Seitsonen AP, Barth JV, Papageorgiou AC. Conformational Control of Chemical Reactivity for Surface-Confined Ru-Porphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16561-16567. [PMID: 33938629 PMCID: PMC8362151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We assess the crucial role of tetrapyrrole flexibility in the CO ligation to distinct Ru-porphyrins supported on an atomistically well-defined Ag(111) substrate. Our systematic real-space visualisation and manipulation experiments with scanning tunnelling microscopy directly probe the ligation, while bond-resolving atomic force microscopy and X-ray standing-wave measurements characterise the geometry, X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy the electronic structure, and temperature-programmed desorption the binding strength. Density-functional-theory calculations provide additional insight into the functional interface. We unambiguously demonstrate that the substituents regulate the interfacial conformational adaptability, either promoting or obstructing the uptake of axial CO adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Knecht
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Peter S. Deimel
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
- Current address: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Paul T. P. Ryan
- Diamond Light SourceDidcotOX11 0DEUK
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
- Current address: Institute of Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität WienWiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/1341040ViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Ari Paavo Seitsonen
- Département de ChimieEcole Normale Supérieure24 rue Lhomond75005ParisFrance
- Université de recherche Paris-Sciences-et-LettresSorbonne UniversitéCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique75005ParisFrance
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
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6
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Knecht P, Reichert J, Deimel PS, Feulner P, Haag F, Allegretti F, Garnica M, Schwarz M, Auwärter W, Ryan PTP, Lee T, Duncan DA, Seitsonen AP, Barth JV, Papageorgiou AC. Conformational Control of Chemical Reactivity for Surface‐Confined Ru‐Porphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Knecht
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Peter S. Deimel
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Current address: Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Paul T. P. Ryan
- Diamond Light Source Didcot OX11 0DE UK
- Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road SW7 2AZ London UK
- Current address: Institute of Applied Physics Technische Universität Wien Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/134 1040 Vienna Austria
| | | | | | - Ari Paavo Seitsonen
- Département de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- Université de recherche Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres Sorbonne Université Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 75005 Paris France
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Anthoula C. Papageorgiou
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
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7
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Kuliga J, de Campos Ferreirra RC, Adhikari R, Massicot S, Lepper M, Hölzel H, Jux N, Marbach H, de Siervo A, Steinrück H. Metalation of 2HTCNPP on Ag(111) with Zn: Evidence for the Sitting atop Complex at Room Temperature. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:396-403. [PMID: 33285027 PMCID: PMC7986197 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We study the interaction and metalation reaction of a free base 5,10,15,20-terakis(4-cyanophenyl)porphyrin (2HTCNPP) with post-deposited Zn atoms and the targeted reaction product Zn-5,10,15,20-terakis(4-cyanophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTCNPP) on a Ag(111) surface. The investigations are performed with scanning tunneling microscopy at room temperature after Zn deposition and subsequent heating. The goal is to obtain further insights in the metalation reaction and the influence of the cyanogroups on this reaction. The interaction of 2HTCNPP with post-deposited Zn leads to the formation of three different 2D ordered island types that coexist on the surface. All contain a new species with a bright appearance, which increases with the amount of post-deposited Zn. We attribute this to metastable SAT ("sitting atop") complexes formed by Zn and the macrocycle, that is, an intermediate in the metalation reaction to ZnTCNPP, which occurs upon heating to 500 K. Interestingly, the activation barrier for the successive reaction of the SAT complex to the metalated ZnTCNPP species can also be overcome by a voltage pulse applied to the STM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kuliga
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | | | - Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Stephen Massicot
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin”Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859SPBrazil
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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8
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Adhikari R, Siglreithmaier G, Gurrath M, Meusel M, Kuliga J, Lepper M, Hölzel H, Jux N, Meyer B, Steinrück H, Marbach H. Formation of Highly Ordered Molecular Porous 2D Networks from Cyano-Functionalized Porphyrins on Cu(111). Chemistry 2020; 26:13408-13418. [PMID: 32573877 PMCID: PMC7692896 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption of three related cyano-functionalized tetraphenyl porphyrin derivatives on Cu(111) by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) with the goal to identify the role of the cyano group and the central Cu atom for the intermolecular and supramolecular arrangement. The porphyrin derivatives studied were Cu-TCNPP, Cu-cisDCNPP, and 2H-cisDCNPP, that is, Cu-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(p-cyano)-phenylporphyrin, Cu-meso-cis-di(p-cyano)-phenylporphyrin and 2H-meso-cis-di(p-cyano)-phenylporphyrin, respectively. Starting from different structures obtained after deposition at room temperature, all three molecules form the same long-range ordered hexagonal honeycomb-type structure with triangular pores and three molecules per unit cell. For the metal-free 2H-cisDCNPP, this occurs only after self-metalation upon heating. The structure-forming elements are pores with a distance of 3.1 nm, formed by triangles of porphyrins fused together by cyano-Cu-cyano interactions with Cu adatoms. This finding leads us to suggest that two cyano-phenyl groups in the "cis" position is the minimum prerequisite to form a highly ordered 2D porous molecular pattern. The experimental findings are supported by detailed density functional theory calculations to analyze the driving forces that lead to the formation of the porous hexagonal honeycomb-type structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Adhikari
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Gretel Siglreithmaier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Martin Gurrath
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) anComputer-Chemistry-Center (CCC)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNägelsbachstr. 2591052ErlangenGermany
| | - Manuel Meusel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jan Kuliga
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Lepper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) anComputer-Chemistry-Center (CCC)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNägelsbachstr. 2591052ErlangenGermany
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Hubertus Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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9
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Wähler T, Schuster R, Libuda J. Self-Metalation of Anchored Porphyrins on Atomically Defined Cobalt Oxide Surfaces: In situ Studies by Surface Vibrational Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2020; 26:12445-12453. [PMID: 32333716 PMCID: PMC7590103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metalation of anchored porphyrins is essential for their functionality at hybrid interfaces. In this work, we have studied the anchoring and metalation of a functionalized porphyrin derivative, 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (MCTPP), on an atomically-defined CoO(100) film under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. We follow both the anchoring to the oxide surface and the self-metalation by surface Co2+ ions via infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). At 150 K, MCTPP multilayer films adsorb molecularly on CoO(100) without anchoring to the surface. Upon heating to 195 K, the first layer of porphyrin molecules anchors via formation of a bridging surface carboxylate. Above 460 K, the MCTPP multilayer desorbs and only the anchored monolayer resides on the surface up to temperatures of 600 K approximately. The orientation of anchored MCTPP depends on the surface coverage. At low coverage, the MCTPP adopts a nearly flat-lying geometry, whereas an upright standing film is formed near the multilayer coverage. Self-metalation of MCTPP depends critically on the surface temperature, the coverage and on the molecular orientation. At 150 K, metalation is largely suppressed, while the degree of metalation increases with increasing temperature and reaches a value of around 60 % in the first monolayer at 450 K. At lower coverage higher metalation fractions (85 % and above) are observed, similar as for increasing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wähler
- Interface Research and CatalysisErlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Ralf Schuster
- Interface Research and CatalysisErlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and CatalysisErlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis (ECRC)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
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10
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Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Jiang Z, Lucero M, Zhang X, Li X, Gu M, Feng Z, Liang Y. Phthalocyanine Precursors To Construct Atomically Dispersed Iron Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Maoyu Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhan Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Marcos Lucero
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Duncan DA, Casado Aguilar P, Paszkiewicz M, Diller K, Bondino F, Magnano E, Klappenberger F, Píš I, Rubio A, Barth JV, Pérez Paz A, Allegretti F. Local adsorption structure and bonding of porphine on Cu(111) before and after self-metalation. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094702. [PMID: 30849887 DOI: 10.1063/1.5084027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have experimentally determined the lateral registry and geometric structure of free-base porphine (2H-P) and copper-metalated porphine (Cu-P) adsorbed on Cu(111), by means of energy-scanned photoelectron diffraction (PhD), and compared the experimental results to density functional theory (DFT) calculations that included van der Waals corrections within the Tkatchenko-Scheffler approach. Both 2H-P and Cu-P adsorb with their center above a surface bridge site. Consistency is obtained between the experimental and DFT-predicted structural models, with a characteristic change in the corrugation of the four N atoms of the molecule's macrocycle following metalation. Interestingly, comparison with previously published data for cobalt porphine adsorbed on the same surface evidences a distinct increase in the average height of the N atoms above the surface through the series 2H-P, Cu-P, and cobalt porphine. Such an increase strikingly anti-correlates the DFT-predicted adsorption strength, with 2H-P having the smallest adsorption height despite the weakest calculated adsorption energy. In addition, our findings suggest that for these macrocyclic compounds, substrate-to-molecule charge transfer and adsorption strength may not be univocally correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Duncan
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Casado Aguilar
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Paszkiewicz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Diller
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Bondino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Klappenberger
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Píš
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Rubio
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Pérez Paz
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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