1
|
Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhat AY, Jain P, Bhat MA, Ingole PP. Mechanistic insights into the electrolyte effects on the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction using copper hexacyanoferrate/f-MWCNT nano-composites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1777-1791. [PMID: 38168681 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Developing an efficient, selective, and stable electrocatalysis system for the electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (ENRR) is a promising strategy for the green and sustainable production of ammonia. The activity, selectivity, and stability of various electrocatalysts in different electrolyte solvents, mainly acidic and alkaline electrolytes, are commonly compared in the literature. However, a mechanistic insight into the effect of these electrolytes on ENRR activity is lacking. Herein we demonstrate that the acidity or alkalinity of the electrolyte is a key factor in determining the rate-limiting step and, by extension, the ENRR performance of an electrochemical setup for the electroproduction of ammonia. Our results from ex situ X-ray photoelectron, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the fresh and spent Cu-hexacyanoferrate Prussian blue analogue-decorated functionalized carbon nanotube (CuFe PBA/f-CNT) catalyst reveal that NH4+-species are more strongly adsorbed on the catalyst surface during the ENRR in acidic than in alkaline electrolytes. The results of our detailed rotating ring-disc electrode voltammetry studies suggest that the ENRR over CuFe PBA/f-CNT is mostly controlled by surface adsorption in an acidic electrolyte and by mass transport in an alkaline electrolyte. In situ Raman spectroscopy confirms this finding and shows that the leaching of Fe(CN)6 species from the CuFe PBA/f-CNT composite in an alkaline electrolyte greatly affects the ENRR performance. We believe that the work presented herein offers a new insight into the mechanistic aspects of the ENRR in different electrolyte systems and hence can prove very valuable for the development of effective ENRR electrode/electrolyte systems for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Y Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110016, India.
| | - Priya Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110016, India.
| | - Mohsin A Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Pravin P Ingole
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu J, Zhang S, Liu H, Liu S, Yuan Y, Meng Y, Wang M, Shen C, Peng Q, Chen J, Wang X, Song L, Li K, Chen W. Breaking Local Charge Symmetry of Iron Single Atoms for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308044. [PMID: 37483078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of nitrate pollutants into value-added ammonia is a feasible way to achieve artificial nitrogen cycle. However, the development of electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction reaction (NO3 - RR) has been hampered by high overpotential and low Faradaic efficiency. Here we develop an iron single-atom catalyst coordinated with nitrogen and phosphorus on hollow carbon polyhedron (denoted as Fe-N/P-C) as a NO3 - RR electrocatalyst. Owing to the tuning effect of phosphorus atoms on breaking local charge symmetry of the single-Fe-atom catalyst, it facilitates the adsorption of nitrate ions and enrichment of some key reaction intermediates during the NO3 - RR process. The Fe-N/P-C catalyst exhibits 90.3 % ammonia Faradaic efficiency with a yield rate of 17980 μg h-1 mgcat -1 , greatly outperforming the reported Fe-based catalysts. Furthermore, operando SR-FTIR spectroscopy measurements reveal the reaction pathway based on key intermediates observed under different applied potentials and reaction durations. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the optimized free energy of NO3 - RR intermediates is ascribed to the asymmetric atomic interface configuration, which achieves the optimal electron density distribution. This work demonstrates the critical role of atomic-level precision modulation by heteroatom doping for the NO3 - RR, providing an effective strategy for improving the catalytic performance of single atom catalysts in different electrochemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Center for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hengjie Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, 230029, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yahan Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunyue Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qia Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinghao Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, 230029, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, School of Information and Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang YZ, Li PH, Ren YN, He Y, Zhang CX, Hu J, Cao XQ, Leung MKH. Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Selective Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2580. [PMID: 37764608 PMCID: PMC10535433 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) plays a significant role in the manufacture of fertilizers, nitrogen-containing chemical production, and hydrogen storage. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) is an attractive prospect for achieving clean and sustainable NH3 production, under mild conditions driven by renewable energy. The sluggish cleavage of N≡N bonds and poor selectivity of e-NRR are the primary challenges for e-NRR, over the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The rational design of e-NRR electrocatalysts is of vital significance and should be based on a thorough understanding of the structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Among the various explored e-NRR catalysts, metal-based electrocatalysts have drawn increasing attention due to their remarkable performances. This review highlighted the recent progress and developments in metal-based electrocatalysts for e-NRR. Different kinds of metal-based electrocatalysts used in NH3 synthesis (including noble-metal-based catalysts, non-noble-metal-based catalysts, and metal compound catalysts) were introduced. The theoretical screening and the experimental practice of rational metal-based electrocatalyst design with different strategies were systematically summarized. Additionally, the structure-function relationship to improve the NH3 yield was evaluated. Finally, current challenges and perspectives of this burgeoning area were provided. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of metal-based e-NRR electrocatalysts with a focus on enhancing their efficiency in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (Y.-Z.Z.)
- Ability R&D Energy Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng-Hui Li
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Yi-Nuo Ren
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Yun He
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Cheng-Xu Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jue Hu
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Cao
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Michael K. H. Leung
- Ability R&D Energy Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Liu Y, Wang H, Yang T, Luo Y, Lee S, Kim MG, Nga TTT, Dong CL, Lee H. Oxygen-Bridged Vanadium Single-Atom Dimer Catalysts Promoting High Faradaic Efficiency of Ammonia Electrosynthesis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7406-7416. [PMID: 37042711 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts have already been widely investigated for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). However, the simplicity of a single atom as an active center encounters the challenge of modulating the multiple reaction intermediates during the NRR process. Moving toward the single-atom-dimer (SAD) structures can not only buffer the multiple reaction intermediates but also provide a strategy to modify the electronic structure and environment of the catalysts. Here, a structure of a vanadium SAD (V-O-V) catalyst on N-doped carbon (O-V2-NC) is proposed for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction, in which the vanadium dimer is coordinated with nitrogen and simultaneously bridged by one oxygen. The oxygen-bridged metal atom dimer that has more electron deficiency is perceived to be the active center for nitrogen reduction. A loop evolution of the intermediate structure was found during the theoretical process simulated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The active center V-O-V breaks down to V-O and V during the protonation process and regenerates to the original V-O-V structure after releasing all the nitrogen species. Thus, the O-V2-NC structure presents excellent activity toward the electrochemical NRR, achieving an outstanding faradaic efficiency (77%) along with the yield of 9.97 μg h-1 mg-1 at 0 V (vs RHE) and comparably high ammonia yield (26 μg h-1 mg-1) with the FE of 4.6% at -0.4 V (vs RHE). This report synthesizes and proves the peculiar V-O-V dimer structure experimentally, which also contributes to the library of SAD catalysts with superior performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongguang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungeun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ta Thi Thuy Nga
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Li Dong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Hyoyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Creative Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng X, Zeng L, Wang D, Liu Z, Li Y, Li Z, Yang B, Lei L, Dai L, Hou Y. Electrochemical C-N coupling of CO 2 and nitrogenous small molecules for the electrosynthesis of organonitrogen compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2193-2237. [PMID: 36806286 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00381c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-N coupling reactions based on abundant small molecules (such as CO2 and N2) have attracted increasing attention as a new "green synthetic strategy" for the synthesis of organonitrogen compounds, which have been widely used in organic synthesis, materials chemistry, and biochemistry. The traditional technology employed for the synthesis of organonitrogen compounds containing C-N bonds often requires the addition of metal reagents or oxidants under harsh conditions with high energy consumption and environmental concerns. By contrast, electrosynthesis avoids the use of other reducing agents or oxidants by utilizing "electrons", which are the cleanest "reagent" and can reduce the generation of by-products, consistent with the atomic economy and green chemistry. In this study, we present a comprehensive review on the electrosynthesis of high value-added organonitrogens from the abundant CO2 and nitrogenous small molecules (N2, NO, NO2-, NO3-, NH3, etc.) via the C-N coupling reaction. The associated fundamental concepts, theoretical models, emerging electrocatalysts, and value-added target products, together with the current challenges and future opportunities are discussed. This critical review will greatly increase the understanding of electrochemical C-N coupling reactions, and thus attract research interest in the fixation of carbon and nitrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Peng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Libin Zeng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Dashuai Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Zhongjian Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Liming Dai
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu DW, Ji L, Nie Y, Li Y, Xu L, Liu JQ, Xue G. Facile and controllable preparation of carbon microsphere for electro-driven nitrogen reduction: Accommodating nitrogen doping with hierarchical porous structure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:995-1004. [PMID: 36571861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Driven by sustainable electricity, electrochemical nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions is considered as a promising strategy to generate low-concentrated NH3/NH4+. Under the principle of doping and porous engineering, nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere with hierarchical pores (NC-HP) is fabricated via pyrolyzing polymer microsphere. Hierarchical structure with macro-, meso- and micropores is obtained by assembling melamine/phenol-formaldehyde oligomers in Pickering droplets, with the assistance of triblock copolymer Pluronic F127. The regularity of mesopores is strongly affected by melamine to phenol mass ratio. For NC-HP, nitrogen content (N-content) in the carbon matrix can reach as high as 19.1 wt%, yet trade-off effect is observed between N-content and regularity of mesopores. As consequence, NC-HP-3 with N-content of 15.6 wt% and distinct mesopores exhibits the highest catalytic performance. At -0.5 V vs. RHE, NH3/NH4+ production rate and Faradaic efficiency (FE) value reach 15.6 μg∙mgcat.-1∙h-1 and 15.5%, respectively. It shows excellent recyclability, and no degradations are observed with respect to morphology and porous structure. In this hierarchical porous structure, mesopores are expected to facilitate mass transfer for both electrolyte ions and nitrogen, and hence catalytic active sites (e.g. pyrrolic- and pyridinic-N species) in hierarchically mutually connected pores can be well utilized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Most for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Lei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Ave., Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Yan Nie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Most for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Research Center for Fine Chemicals Engineering, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Rd., Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Long Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Most for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Ji-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Ave., Xi'an 710127, PR China.
| | - Ganglin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Ave., Xi'an 710127, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gupta D, Kafle A, Kaur S, S Thomas T, Mandal D, Nagaiah TC. Selective Electrochemical Conversion of N 2 to NH 3 in Neutral Media Using B, N-Containing Carbon with a Nanotubular Morphology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4033-4043. [PMID: 36648019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical dinitrogen reduction (NRR) has riveted substantial attention as a greener method to synthesize ammonia (NH3) under ambient conditions. Here, B, N-containing carbon catalysts with a discrete morphology were synthesized from the metal-organic framework-ionic liquid (MOF-IL) composite for NRR in a neutral electrolyte medium (pH = 7). Morphology-dependent activity is witnessed, wherein C-BN@600 with a nanotubular morphology is able to achieve a high NH3 yield rate of 204 μg h-1 mgcat-1 and an F.E. of 16.7% with a TOF value of 0.2 h-1 at -0.2 V vs RHE. Further, a rigorous protocol is put forward for true NH3 estimation by tracing/eliminating any source of contamination in catalysts, electrolytes, or gas supply via ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, gas-purification methods, and isotope labeling experiments. Density functional theory predicts BN to be the favorable active site for N2 adsorption with a reduced energy barrier in the first reduction step and sequential stabilization of the B-N bond by an adjacent carbon atom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divyani Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab140001, India
| | - Alankar Kafle
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab140001, India
| | - Sukhjot Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab140001, India
| | - Tino S Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab140001, India
| | - Debaprasad Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab140001, India
| | - Tharamani C Nagaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab140001, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun L, Liu B. Mesoporous PdN Alloy Nanocubes for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207305. [PMID: 36281796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly active and selective electrocatalysts for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) is very important for synthesizing recyclable ammonia (NH3 ) in an economic and environmentally friendly manner. Despite some encouraging progress, their activity and selectivity have been remarkably slower than expected. In this manuscript, mesoporous palladium-nonmetal (meso-PdX) nanocubes (NCs) are reported as a new series of highly efficient electrocatalysts for selective nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) electrocatalysis to NH3 . The samples feature uniformly alloyed compositions and highly penetrated mesopores with abundant highly active sites and optimized electronic structures. The best meso-PdN NCs hold an outstanding NITRR activity and selectivity with a remarkable NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 96.1% and a yield rate of 3760 µg h-1 mg-1 , suppressing the state-of-the-art electrocatalysts. Meanwhile, meso-PdN NCs are electrocatalytically stable, retaining well the activity and selectivity of NO3 - -to-NH3 electrocatalysis for more than 20 cycles. Detailed mechanism studies ascribe the superior performance to combined compositional and structural synergies of meso-PdN NCs that not only promote the adsorption (reactivity) of NO3 - and the desorption of NH3 but also increase the retention time of key intermediates for the deeper NITRR electrocatalysis to NH3 through an eight-electron pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Das A, Panigrahi K, Howli P. Photoelectrochemistry-driven ambient Nitrogen reduction to Ammonia: Materials’ design insights. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
11
|
Zhou Y, Lu X, Chang YC, Ma Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhu J. Carbon dots modified nanoflower petals with super enhanced nitrogen electro-reduction efficiency. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
Kim C, Song JY, Choi C, Ha JP, Lee W, Nam YT, Lee DM, Kim G, Gereige I, Jung WB, Lee H, Jung Y, Jeong H, Jung HT. Atomic-Scale Homogeneous RuCu Alloy Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205270. [PMID: 35901115 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium (Ru) is the most widely used metal as an electrocatalyst for nitrogen (N2 ) reduction reaction (NRR) because of the relatively high N2 adsorption strength for successive reaction. Recently, it has been well reported that the homogeneous Ru-based metal alloys such as RuRh, RuPt, and RuCo significantly enhance the selectivity and formation rate of ammonia (NH3 ). However, the metal combinations for NRR have been limited to several miscible combinations of metals with Ru, although various immiscible combinations have immense potential to show high NRR performance. In this study, an immiscible combination of Ru and copper (Cu) is first utilized, and homogeneous alloy nanoparticles (RuCu NPs) are fabricated by the carbothermal shock method. The RuCu homogeneous NP alloys on cellulose/carbon nanotube sponge exhibit the highest selectivity and NH3 formation rate of ≈31% and -73 μmol h-1 cm-2 , respectively. These are the highest values of the selectivity and NH3 formation rates among existing Ru-based alloy metal combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chansol Kim
- KAIST-UCB-VNU Global Climate Change Research Center, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ji-Yoon Song
- KAIST-UCB-VNU Global Climate Change Research Center, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyeok Choi
- Advanced Materials Simulations Group, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Pil Ha
- KAIST-UCB-VNU Global Climate Change Research Center, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Wonmoo Lee
- KAIST-UCB-VNU Global Climate Change Research Center, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Nam
- KAIST-UCB-VNU Global Climate Change Research Center, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Dong-Myeong Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunjoo Kim
- Catalytic Materials and Process Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Issam Gereige
- Saudi Aramco, Research and Development Center, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Woo-Bin Jung
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Catalytic Materials and Process Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yousung Jung
- Advanced Materials Simulations Group, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsu Jeong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- KAIST-UCB-VNU Global Climate Change Research Center, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Structure-activity relationship of defective electrocatalysts for nitrogen fixation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Ying Y, Fan K, Qiao J, Huang H. Rational Design of Atomic Site Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: One Step Closer to Optimum Activity and Selectivity. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been one of the most intriguing catalytic reactions in recent years, providing an energy-saving and environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional Haber–Bosch process for ammonia production. However, the activity and selectivity issues originating from the activation barrier of the NRR intermediates and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction result in the unsatisfactory NH3 yield rate and Faradaic efficiency of current NRR catalysts. Atomic site catalysts (ASCs), an emerging group of heterogeneous catalysts with a high atomic utilization rate, selectivity, and stability, may provide a solution. This article undertakes an exploration and systematic review of a highly significant research area: the principles of designing ASCs for the NRR. Both the theoretical and experimental progress and state-of-the-art techniques in the rational design of ASCs for the NRR are summarized, and the topic is extended to double-atom catalysts and boron-based metal-free ASCs. This review provides guidelines for the rational design of ASCs for the optimum activity and selectivity for the electrocatalytic NRR.
Graphical Abstract
Rational design of atomic site catalysts (ASCs) for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has both scientific and industrial significance. In this review, the recent experimental and theoretical breakthroughs in the design principles of transition metal ASCs for NRR are comprehensively discussed, and the topic is also extended to double-atom catalysts and boron-based metal-free ASCs.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Q, Fang C, Yang Z, Yu B, Takabatake M, Motokura K, Sun X, Yang Y. Modulating the Oxidation State of Titanium via Dual Anions Substitution for Efficient N 2 Electroreduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201343. [PMID: 35608317 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising approach for renewable ammonia synthesis but remains significantly challenging due to the low yield and poor selectivity. Herein, a facile N and S dual anions substitution strategy is developed to tune the Ti oxidation states of TiO2 nanohybrid catalyst (NS-TiO2 /C), in which anatase TiO2 nanoplates with dense Ti3+ active sites are uniformly dispersed on porous carbon derived from 2D Ti3 C2 Tx nanosheets. The catalyst NS-TiO2 /C exhibits a superior ambient NRR efficiency with an NH3 yield rate of 19.97 µg h-1 mg-1cat and Faradaic efficiency of 25.49% and is coupled with a remarkable 50 h long-term stability at -0.25 V versus RHE. Both experimental and theoretical results reveal that the N and S dual-substitution effectively regulate the Ti oxidation state and electronical properties of the NS-TiO2 /C via simultaneously forming interstitial and substitutional TiS and TiN bonds in the anatase TiO2 lattice, inducing oxygen vacancies and dense Ti3+ active species as well as better electronic conductivity, which substantially facilitates N2 chemisorption and activation, and reduces the energy barrier of the rate-determining step, thereby essentially boosting NRR efficiency. This work provides a valuable approach to the rational design of advanced materials by modulating oxidation states for efficient electrocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cong Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Moe Takabatake
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu Y, Wang X, Shi J, Gan L, Huang B, Tao L, Wang S. Neuron-inspired design of hierarchically porous carbon networks embedded with single-iron sites for efficient oxygen reduction. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Han J, Johnson I, Chen M. 3D Continuously Porous Graphene for Energy Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108750. [PMID: 34870863 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructing bulk graphene materials with well-reserved 2D properties is essential for device and engineering applications of atomically thick graphene. In this article, the recent progress in the fabrications and applications of sterically continuous porous graphene with designable microstructures, chemistries, and properties for energy storage and conversion are reviewed. Both template-based and template-free methods have been developed to synthesize the 3D continuously porous graphene, which typically has the microstructure reminiscent of pseudo-periodic minimal surfaces. The 3D graphene can well preserve the properties of 2D graphene of being highly conductive, surface abundant, and mechanically robust, together with unique 2D electronic behaviors. Additionally, the bicontinuous porosity and large curvature offer new functionalities, such as rapid mass transport, ample open space, mechanical flexibility, and tunable electric/thermal conductivity. Particularly, the 3D curvature provides a new degree of freedom for tailoring the catalysis and transport properties of graphene. The 3D graphene with those extraordinary properties has shown great promises for a wide range of applications, especially for energy conversion and storage. This article overviews the recent advances made in addressing the challenges of developing 3D continuously porous graphene, the benefits and opportunities of the new materials for energy-related applications, and the remaining challenges that warrant future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Han
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Y, Zhou Y, Xu C. Porous TiO2/rGO nanocomposites prepared by cold sintering as efficient electrocatalyst for nitrogen reduction reaction under ambient conditions. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Zhao Y, Yan L, Zhao X. Development of Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Ambient Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: Challenges and Perspectives. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu L, Li W, He X, Yang J, Liu N. In Situ/Operando Insights into the Stability and Degradation Mechanisms of Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104205. [PMID: 34741400 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The further commercialization of renewable energy conversion and storage technologies requires heterogeneous electrocatalysts that meet the exacting durability target. Studies of the stability and degradation mechanisms of electrocatalysts are expected to provide important breakthroughs in stability issues. Accessible in situ/operando techniques performed under realistic reaction conditions are therefore urgently needed to reveal the nature of active center structures and establish links between the structural motifs in a catalyst and its stability properties. This review highlights recent research advances regarding in situ/operando techniques and improves the understanding of the stabilities of advanced heterogeneous electrocatalysts used in a diverse range of electrochemical reactions; it also proposes some degradation mechanisms. The review concludes by offering suggestions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, College of Sericulture,Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Wanting Li
- College of Resources and Environment, College of Sericulture,Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xianbo He
- College of Resources and Environment, College of Sericulture,Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, College of Sericulture,Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Nian Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ding X, Scieszka D, Watzele S, Xue S, Garlyyev B, Haid RW, Bandarenka AS. A Systematic Study of the Influence of Electrolyte Ions on the Electrode Activity. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ding
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Daniel Scieszka
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sebastian Watzele
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Song Xue
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Batyr Garlyyev
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Richard W. Haid
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Munich James-Franck-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Catalysis Research Center TUM Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kong Y, Li Y, Sang X, Yang B, Li Z, Zheng S, Zhang Q, Yao S, Yang X, Lei L, Zhou S, Wu G, Hou Y. Atomically Dispersed Zinc(I) Active Sites to Accelerate Nitrogen Reduction Kinetics for Ammonia Electrosynthesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103548. [PMID: 34725867 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly active and stable nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) catalysts for NH3 electrosynthesis remains challenging. Herein, an unusual NRR electrocatalyst is reported with a single Zn(I) site supported on hollow porous N-doped carbon nanofibers (Zn1 N-C). The Zn1 N-C nanofibers exhibit an outstanding NRR activity with a high NH3 yield rate of ≈16.1 µg NH3 h-1 mgcat -1 at -0.3 V and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 11.8% in alkaline media, surpassing other previously reported carbon-based NRR electrocatalysts with transition metals atomically dispersed and nitrogen coordinated (TM-Nx ) sites. 15 N2 isotope labeling experiments confirm that the feeding nitrogen gas is the only nitrogen source in the production of NH3 . Structural characterization reveals that atomically dispersed Zn(I) sites with Zn-N4 moieties are likely the active sites, and the nearby graphitic N site synergistically facilitates the NRR process. In situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared measurement and theoretical calculation elucidate that the formation of initial *NNH intermediate is the rate-limiting step during the NH3 production. The graphitic N atoms adjacent to the tetracoordinate Zn-N4 moieties could significantly lower the energy barrier for this step to accelerate hydrogenation kinetics duing the NRR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiahan Sang
- Research and Testing Centre of Material School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhongjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sixing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Siyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Lecheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang W, Wang X, Sun Y, Tian Y, Liu X, Chu K, Li J. Ultrasmall iridium nanoparticles on graphene for efficient nitrogen reduction reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall iridium nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (Ir/RGO) exhibited a high NRR activity, attributed to the RGO-induced upshifting of the d-band center for active Ir sites, leading to decreased NRR energy barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Wang
- College of Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaomiao Wang
- College of Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- College of Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- College of Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wan J, Zheng J, Zhang H, Wu A, Li X. Single atom catalysis for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review points out major challenges and outlook of NH3 synthesis via SACs. Summarizing the deficiencies of existing research can help researchers to continuously innovate and improve, and explore new research approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiageng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Angjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chang F, Gao W, Guo J, Chen P. Emerging Materials and Methods toward Ammonia-Based Energy Storage and Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005721. [PMID: 33834538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient storage and conversion of renewable energies is of critical importance to the sustainable growth of human society. With its distinguishing features of high hydrogen content, high energy density, facile storage/transportation, and zero-carbon emission, ammonia has been recently considered as a promising energy carrier for long-term and large-scale energy storage. Under this scenario, the synthesis, storage, and utilization of ammonia are key components for the implementation of ammonia-mediated energy system. Being different from fossil fuels, renewable energies normally have intermittent and variable nature, and thus pose demands on the improvement of existing technologies and simultaneously the development of alternative methods and materials for ammonia synthesis and storage. The energy release from ammonia in an efficient manner, on the other hand, is vital to achieve a sustainable energy supply and complete the nitrogen circle. Herein, recent advances in the thermal-, electro-, plasma-, and photocatalytic ammonia synthesis, ammonia storage or separation, ammonia thermal/electrochemical decomposition and conversion are summarized with the emphasis on the latest developments of new methods and materials (catalysts, electrodes, and sorbents) for these processes. The challenges and potential solutions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Energy College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Energy College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Das A, Mandal SC, Nair AS, Pathak B. Computational Screening of First-Row Transition-Metal Based Alloy Catalysts-Ligand Induced N 2 Reduction Reaction Selectivity. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2021; 2:125-135. [PMID: 36855504 PMCID: PMC9718324 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale ammonia production through sustainable strategies from naturally abundant N2 under ambient conditions represents a major challenge from a future perspective. Ammonia is one of the promising carbon-free alternative energy carriers. The high energy required for N≡N bond dissociation during the Haber-Bosch process demands extreme reaction conditions. This problem could be circumvented by tuning Fe catalyst composition with the help of an induced ligand effect on the surface. In this work, we utilized density functional theory calculations on the Fe(110) surface alloyed with first-row transition-metal (TM) series (Fe-TM) to understand the catalytic activity that facilitates the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). We also calculated the selectivity against the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under electrochemical conditions. The calculated results are compared with those from earlier reports on the periodic Fe(110) and Fe(111) surfaces, and also on the (110) surface of the Fe85 nanocluster. Surface alloying with late TMs (Co, Ni, Cu) shows an improved NRR activity, whereas the low exchange current density observed for Fe-Co indicates less HER activity among them. Considering various governing factors, Fe-based alloys with Co (Fe-Co) showed enhanced overall performance compared to the periodic surface as well as other pure iron-based structures previously reported. Therefore, the iron-alloy based structured catalysts may also provide more opportunities in the future for enhancing NRR performance via electrochemical reduction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunendu Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Shyama Charan Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Akhil S. Nair
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Indore, 453552, India,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pang Y, Su C, Jia G, Xu L, Shao Z. Emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials for electrochemical nitrogen reduction. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12744-12787. [PMID: 34647937 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00120e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is essential to serve as the biological building blocks for maintaining organism function, and as the indispensable nitrogenous fertilizers for increasing the yield of nutritious crops. The current Haber-Bosch process for industrial NH3 production is highly energy- and capital-intensive. In light of this, the electroreduction of nitrogen (N2) into valuable NH3, as an alternative, offers a sustainable pathway for the Haber-Bosch transition, because it utilizes renewable electricity and operates under ambient conditions. Identifying highly efficient electrocatalysts remains the priority in the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), marking superior selectivity, activity, and stability. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with sufficient exposed active sites, high specific surface area, good conductivity, rich surface defects, and easily tunable electronic properties hold great promise for the adsorption and activation of nitrogen towards sustainable NRR. Therefore, this Review focuses on the fundamental principles and the key metrics being pursued in NRR. Based on the fundamental understanding, the recent efforts devoted to engineering protocols for constructing 2D electrocatalysts towards NRR are presented. Then, the state-of-the-art 2D electrocatalysts for N2 reduction to NH3 are summarized, aiming at providing a comprehensive overview of the structure-performance relationships of 2D electrocatalysts towards NRR. Finally, we propose the challenges and future outlook in this prospective area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Pang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Material, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Chao Su
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China. .,WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Guohua Jia
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Liqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Material, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. .,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Talukdar B, Kuo TC, Sneed BT, Lyu LM, Lin HM, Chuang YC, Cheng MJ, Kuo CH. Enhancement of NH 3 Production in Electrochemical N 2 Reduction by the Cu-Rich Inner Surfaces of Beveled CuAu Nanoboxes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51839-51848. [PMID: 33845573 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The global ammonia yield is critical to the fertilizer industry as the global food demand is highly dependent on it, whereas, NH3 is also a key chemical for pharmaceutical, textile, plastic, explosive, and dye-making industries. At present, the demand for NH3 is fulfilled by the Haber-Bosch method, which consumes 1-3% of global energy and causes 0.5-1% CO2 emission every year. To reduce emissions and improve energy efficiency, the electrochemical nitrogen gas reduction reaction (N2RR) has received much attention and support after the funding announcement by the U.S. Department of Energy. In this work, we have created hollow CuAu nanoboxes with Cu-rich inner walls to improve the NH3 Faradaic efficiency in N2RR. These beveled nanoboxes are produced in different degrees of corner and edge etching, which produces both polyhedral and concave structures. In N2RR, the binary CuAu nanoboxes enhanced NH3 production compared to individual Au and Cu nanocubes. The results of DFT calculations suggest the Cu-rich inner walls in the hollow beveled CuAu nanoboxes play a major role in their performance by reducing the free energy ΔG*NNH for the potential-determining step to form *NNH (* + N2(g) + H+ + e- → *NNH). Meanwhile, the results in 10-cycle and solar-illuminated N2RR indicate the beveled CuAu nanoboxes are not only robust electrocatalysts but show promise in photocatalysis as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biva Talukdar
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Chun Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Brian T Sneed
- Cabot Microelectronics, Aurora, Illinois 60504, United States
| | - Lian-Ming Lyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Min Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Kuo
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Y, Zhang Q, Mei Z, Li S, Luo W, Pan F, Liu H, Dou S. Recent Advances and Perspective on Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis under Ambient Conditions. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100460. [PMID: 34927956 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is an essential chemical for agriculture and industry. To date, NH3 is mainly supplied by the traditional Haber-Bosch process, which is operated under high-temperature and high-pressure in a centralized way. To achieve ammonia production in an environmentally benign way, electrochemical NH3 synthesis under ambient conditions has become the frontier of energy and chemical conversion schemes, as it can be powered by renewable energy and operates in a decentralized way. The recent progress on developing different strategies for NH3 production, including 1) classic NH3 synthesis pathways over nanomaterials; 2) the Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism over metal nitrides (MNx ); 3) reducing the nitrate into NH3 over Cu-based nanomaterial; and 4) metal-N2 battery release of NH3 from Lix M. Moreover, the most recent advances in engineering strategies for developing highly active materials and the design of the reaction systems for NH3 synthesis are covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Zongwei Mei
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shunning Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Luo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huakun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Preparation and functionalization of free-standing nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalyst electrodes for electrocatalytic N2 fixation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Li L, Chen H, Li L, Li B, Wu Q, Cui C, Deng B, Luo Y, Liu Q, Li T, Zhang F, Asiri AM, Feng ZS, Wang Y, Sun X. La-doped TiO2 nanorods toward boosted electrocatalytic N2-to-NH3 conversion at ambient conditions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
32
|
Song W, Xie K, Guo Y, Fu L, He C. Computational Screening of 3 d Transition Metal Atoms Anchored on Defective Graphene for Efficient Electrocatalytic N 2 Fixation. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1712-1721. [PMID: 34132010 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of ammonia (NH3 ) through the electrochemical reduction of molecular nitrogen (N2 ) is a promising strategy for significantly reducing energy consumption compared to traditional industrial processes. Herein, we report the design of a series of monovacancy and divacancy defective graphenes decorated with single 3d transition metal atoms (TM@MVG and TM@DVG; TM=Sc-Zn) as electrocatalysts for the nitrogen-reduction reaction (NRR) aided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By comparing energies for N2 adsorption as well as the free energies associated with *N2 activation and *N2 H formation, we successfully identified V@MVG, with the lowest potential of -0.63 V, to be an effective catalytic substrate for the NRR in an enzymatic mechanism. Electronic properties, including Bader charges, charge density differences, partial densities of states, and crystal orbital Hamilton populations, are further analyzed in detail. We believe that these results help to explain recent observations in this field and provide guidance for the exploration of efficient electrocatalysts for the NRR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Science, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Materials on Deep-Earth Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Guo
- School of Science, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, P.R. China
| | - Ling Fu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, P.R. China
| | - Chaozheng He
- Institute of Environmental and Energy Catalysis School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P.R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saeedi Garakani S, Xie D, Kheirabad AK, Lu Y, Yuan J. Template-synthesis of a poly(ionic liquid)-derived Fe 1-x S/nitrogen-doped porous carbon membrane and its electrode application in lithium-sulfur batteries. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:5203-5212. [PMID: 34382003 PMCID: PMC8328078 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the facile synthesis of Fe1-x S nanoparticle-containing nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes (denoted as Fe1-x S/N-PCMs) via vacuum carbonization of hybrid porous poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) membranes, and their successful use as a sulfur host material to mitigate the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The hybrid porous PIL membranes as the sacrificial template were prepared via ionic crosslinking of a cationic PIL with base-neutralized 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid, so that the iron source was molecularly incorporated into the template. The carbonization process was investigated in detail at different temperatures, and the chemical and porous structures of the carbon products were comprehensively analyzed. The Fe1-x S/N-PCMs prepared at 900 °C have a multimodal pore size distribution with a satisfactorily high surface area and well-dispersed iron sulfide nanoparticles to physically and chemically confine the LiPSs. The sulfur/Fe1-x S/N-PCM composites were then tested as electrodes in Li-S batteries, showing much improved capacity, rate performance and cycle stability, in comparison to iron sulfide-free, nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saeedi Garakani
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Dongjiu Xie
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner Platz 1 Berlin 14109 Germany
| | | | - Yan Lu
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner Platz 1 Berlin 14109 Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao X, Hu G, Chen GF, Zhang H, Zhang S, Wang H. Comprehensive Understanding of the Thriving Ambient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007650. [PMID: 34197001 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical method of combining N2 and H2 O to produce ammonia (i.e., the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction [E-NRR]) continues to draw attention as it is both environmentally friendly and well suited for a progressively distributed farm economy. Despite the multitude of recent works on the E-NRR, further progress in this field faces a bottleneck. On the one hand, despite the extensive exploration and trial-and-error evaluation of E-NRR catalysts, no study has stood out to become the stage protagonist. On the other hand, the current level of ammonia production (microgram-scale) is an almost insurmountable obstacle for its qualitative and quantitative determination, hindering the discrimination between true activity and contamination. Herein i) the popular theory and mechanism of the NRR are introduced; ii) a comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the field of the E-NRR and related catalysts is provided; iii) the operational procedures of the E-NRR are addressed, including the acquisition of key metrics, the challenges faced, and the most suitable solutions; iv) the guiding principles and standardized recommendations for the E-NRR are emphasized and future research directions and prospects are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Gao-Feng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Haihui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yu H, Xue Y, Hui L, Zhang C, Fang Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhang D, Huang B, Li Y. Graphdiyne-based metal atomic catalysts for synthesizing ammonia. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa213. [PMID: 34691704 PMCID: PMC8363333 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of novel catalysts for nitrogen reduction at ambient pressures and temperatures with ultrahigh ammonia (NH3) yield and selectivity is challenging. In this work, an atomic catalyst with separated Pd atoms on graphdiyne (Pd-GDY) was synthesized, which shows fascinating electrocatalytic properties for nitrogen reduction. The catalyst has the highest average NH3 yield of 4.45 ± 0.30 mgNH3 mgPd -1 h-1, almost tens of orders larger than for previously reported catalysts, and 100% reaction selectivity in neutral media. Pd-GDY exhibits almost no decreases in NH3 yield and Faradaic efficiency. Density functional theory calculations show that the reaction pathway prefers to perform at the (Pd, C1, C2) active area because of the strongly coupled (Pd, C1, C2), which elevates the selectivity via enhanced electron transfer. By adjusting the p-d coupling accurately, reduction of self-activated nitrogen is promoted by anchoring atom selection, and side effects are minimized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Yu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yurui Xue
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lan Hui
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Danyan Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang H, Chen J, Lin Y, Wang X, Li J, Li Y, Gao L, Zhang L, Chao D, Xiao X, Lee JM. Electronic Modulation of Non-van der Waals 2D Electrocatalysts for Efficient Energy Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008422. [PMID: 34032317 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion is important for green energy development. Owing to their high surface areas and unusual electronic structure, 2D electrocatalysts have attracted increasing interest. Among them, non-van der Waals (non-vdW) 2D materials with numerous chemical bonds in all three dimensions and novel chemical and electronic properties beyond those of vdW 2D materials have been studied increasingly over the past decades. Herein, the progress of non-vdW 2D electrocatalysts is critically reviewed, with a special emphasis on electronic structure modulation. Strategies for heteroatom doping, vacancy engineering, pore creation, alloying, and heterostructure engineering are analyzed for tuning electronic structures and achieving intrinsically enhanced electrocatalytic performances. Lastly, a roadmap for the future development of non-vdW 2D electrocatalysts is provided from material, mechanism, and performance viewpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Labao Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dongliang Chao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Peramaiah K, Ramalingam V, Fu HC, Alsabban MM, Ahmad R, Cavallo L, Tung V, Huang KW, He JH. Optically and Electrocatalytically Decoupled Si Photocathodes with a Porous Carbon Nitride Catalyst for Nitrogen Reduction with Over 61.8% Faradaic Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100812. [PMID: 33792108 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) approach is attractive as a promising route for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) toward ammonia (NH3 ) synthesis. However, the challenges in synergistic management of optical, electrical, and catalytic properties have limited the efficiency of PEC NRR devices. Herein, to enhance light-harvesting, carrier separation/transport, and the catalytic reactions, a concept of decoupling light-harvesting and electrocatalysis by employing a cascade n+ np+ -Si photocathode is implemented. Such a decoupling design not only abolishes the parasitic light blocking but also concurrently improves the optical and electrical properties of the n+ np+ -Si photocathode without compromising the efficiency. Experimental and density functional theory studies reveal that the porous architecture and N-vacancies promote N2 adsorption of the Au/porous carbon nitride (PCN) catalyst. Impressively, an n+ np+ -Si photocathode integrating the Au/PCN catalyst exhibits an outstanding PEC NRR performance with maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 61.8% and NH3 production yield of 13.8 µg h-1 cm-2 at -0.10 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is the highest FE at low applied potential ever reported for the PEC NRR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Peramaiah
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinoth Ramalingam
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui-Chun Fu
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Merfat M Alsabban
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafia Ahmad
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Tung
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jr-Hau He
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, SAR 999077, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ghorai UK, Paul S, Ghorai B, Adalder A, Kapse S, Thapa R, Nagendra A, Gain A. Scalable Production of Cobalt Phthalocyanine Nanotubes: Efficient and Robust Hollow Electrocatalyst for Ammonia Synthesis at Room Temperature. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5230-5239. [PMID: 33646739 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic ammonia (NH3) synthesis through the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions presents a promising alternative to the famous century-old Haber-Bosch process. Designing and developing a high-performance electrocatalyst is a compelling necessity for electrochemical NRR. Specific transition metal based nanostructured catalysts are potential candidates for this purpose owing to their attributes such as higher actives sites, specificity as well as selectivity and electron transfer, etc. However, due to the lack of a well-organized morphology, lower activity, selectivity, and stability of the electrocatalysts make them ineffective at producing a high NH3 yield rate and Faradaic efficiency (FE) for further development. In this work, stable β-cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) nanotubes (NTs) have been synthesized by a scalable solvothermal method for electrochemical NRR. The chemically synthesized CoPc NTs show excellent electrochemical NRR due to high specific area, greater number of exposed active sites, and specific selectivity of the catalyst. As a result, CoPc NTs produced a higher NH3 yield of 107.9 μg h-1 mg-1cat and FE of 27.7% in 0.1 M HCl at -0.3 V vs RHE. The density functional theory calculations confirm that the Co center in CoPc is the main active site responsible for electrochemical NRR. This work demonstrates the development of hollow nanostructured electrocatalysts in large scale for N2 fixation to NH3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry & Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, India
| | - Sourav Paul
- Department of Industrial Chemistry & Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, India
| | - Biswajit Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry & Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, India
| | - Ashadul Adalder
- Department of Industrial Chemistry & Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, India
| | - Samadhan Kapse
- Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Thapa
- Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Abharana Nagendra
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Amal Gain
- Department of Industrial Chemistry & Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah 711202, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Du Y, He Z, Ma F, Jiang Y, Wan J, Wu G, Liu Y. Anionic Biopolymer Assisted Preparation of MoO 2@C Heterostructure Nanoparticles with Oxygen Vacancies for Ambient Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4116-4123. [PMID: 33663213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Mo-based metal catalysts are widely applied in the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) due to the lower binding energy between the Mo atom and N atom. The design of a Mo-based catalyst@carbon heterostructure and the introduction of anion vacancies are effective measures to improve their NRR performance. In this research, the cross-linked Vo-MoO2@C (Vo means oxygen vacancies) heterostructure nanoparticles with rich oxygen vacancies are first synthesized via pectin assisted hydrothermal reaction followed by calcination and treating with NaBH4 solution. Vo-MoO2@C exhibits good electrocatalytic NRR performance with an ammonia yield rate of 9.75 μg h-1 mg-1 at -0.5 V (RHE) and a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 3.24% at -0.3 V (RHE) under ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of China. Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High- efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science. Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhifeng He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of China. Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High- efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science. Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fangwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of China. Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High- efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science. Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of China. Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High- efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science. Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jiafeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of China. Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High- efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science. Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Guang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of China. Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High- efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science. Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yifu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of China. Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High- efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science. Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chanda D, Xing R, Xu T, Liu Q, Luo Y, Liu S, Tufa RA, Dolla TH, Montini T, Sun X. Electrochemical nitrogen reduction: recent progress and prospects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7335-7349. [PMID: 34235522 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01451j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most useful chemicals for the fertilizer industry and is also promising as an important energy carrier for fuel cell application, and is currently mostly produced by the traditional Haber-Bosch process under high temperature and pressure conditions. This energy-intensive process is detrimental to the environment due to the dependence on fossil fuels and the emission of significant greenhouse gases (such as CO2). Ammonia production via the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) has been recognized as a green sustainable alternative to the Haber-Bosch process in recent years. Current ENRR research mainly focuses on the catalyst for ammonia selective production and the enhancement of faradaic efficiency at high current density; however, these have not been explored well due to the unavailability of highly efficient and cheap catalysts. Herein, this review provides information on the ENRR process along with (i) theoretical background, (ii) experimental methodology of the electrocatalytic process and (iii) computational screening of promising catalysts. The impact of active sites and defects on the activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalysts is deeply understood. Furthermore, we demonstrate the mechanistic understanding of the ENRR process on the surface of catalysts, with the aim of boosting the improvement of the ENRR activities. The ammonia detection methods are also summarized along with thorough discussion of control experiments. Finally, this review highlights prevailing problems in existing ENRR methods of ammonia production along with technical advancements proposed to address these issues and concludes with comments on opportunities and future directions of the ENRR process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Chanda
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Ruimin Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Tong Xu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China. and Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonglan Luo
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanhu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Ramatu Ashu Tufa
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 375, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tarekegn Heliso Dolla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM Trieste Research Unit and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM Trieste Research Unit and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Xuping Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tong W, Huang B, Wang P, Shao Q, Huang X. Exposed facet-controlled N 2 electroreduction on distinct Pt 3Fe nanostructures of nanocubes, nanorods and nanowires. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa088. [PMID: 34691549 PMCID: PMC8288394 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the correlation between exposed surfaces and performances of controlled nanocatalysts can aid effective strategies to enhance electrocatalysis, but this is as yet unexplored for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Here, we first report controlled synthesis of well-defined Pt3Fe nanocrystals with tunable morphologies (nanocube, nanorod and nanowire) as ideal model electrocatalysts for investigating the NRR on different exposed facets. The detailed electrocatalytic studies reveal that the Pt3Fe nanocrystals exhibit shape-dependent NRR electrocatalysis. The optimized Pt3Fe nanowires bounded with high-index facets exhibit excellent selectivity (no N2H4 is detected), high activity with NH3 yield of 18.3 μg h-1 mg-1 cat (0.52 μg h-1 cm-2 ECSA; ECSA: electrochemical active surface area) and Faraday efficiency of 7.3% at -0.05 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, outperforming the {200} facet-enclosed Pt3Fe nanocubes and {111} facet-enclosed Pt3Fe nanorods. They also show good stability with negligible activity change after five cycles. Density functional theory calculations reveal that, with high-indexed facet engineering, the Fe-3d band is an efficient d-d coupling correlation center for boosting the Pt 5d-electronic exchange and transfer activities towards the NRR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengtang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang Y, Wang R, Yang L, Jiao Y, Ling T. Two dimensional electrocatalyst engineering via heteroatom doping for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14154-14162. [PMID: 33118590 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (eNRR) - which can occur under ambient conditions with renewable energy input - became a promising synthetic pathway for ammonia (NH3) and has attracted growing attention in the past few years. Some achievements have been made in the eNRR; however, there remain significant challenges to realize satisfactory NH3 production. Therefore, the rational design of highly efficient and durable eNRR catalysts with N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N bond activating and breaking ability is highly desirable. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown great potential in electrocatalysis for energy conversion and storage. Although most 2D materials are inactive toward the eNRR, they can be activated by various modification methods. Heteroatom doping engineering can impact the charge distribution and spin states on catalytic sites, therefore accelerating the dinitrogen adsorption and protonation process. This review summarises the recent research progress of heteroatom-doped 2D materials, including carbon, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and metal carbides (MXenes), for the eNRR. In addition, some existing opportunities and future research directions in electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation for ammonia production are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen Q, Zhang X, Jin Y, Zhou X, Yang Z, Nie H. An Overview on Noble Metal (Group VIII)-based Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4131-4152. [PMID: 33025764 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The typically the Haber-Bosch process of nitrogen (N2 ) reduction to ammonia (NH3 ) production, expends a lot of energy, resulting in severe environmental issues. Electro-catalytic N2 reduction to NH3 formation by renewable resources is one of the effective ways to settle the issue. However, the electro-catalytic performances and selectivity of catalysts for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are very low. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop more efficient electro-catalysts to satisfy the needs of practical use. Among the reported catalysts, those based on Group VIII noble metals heterogeneous catalysts display excellent NRR activities and high selectivity because of their good conductivity, rich active surface area, unfilled d-orbitals, and the abilities with easy adsorption of reactants and stable reaction intermediates. Herein, we will introduce the progress of Group VIII precious metals heterogeneous catalysts applied in the electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction. Then single precious metal electrocatalysts, precious metal alloy electrocatalysts, heterojunction structure electrocatalysts, and precious metal compounds based on the strategies of morphology engineering, crystal facet engineering, defect engineering, heteroatom doping, and synergetic interface engineering will be discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the NH3 synthesis have been put forward. In the review, we will provide helpful direction to the development of effective electro-catalysts for catalytic N2 reduction reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Huagui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Biswas A, Sarkar S, Das M, Kamboj N, Dey RS. A No-Sweat Strategy for Graphene-Macrocycle Co-assembled Electrocatalyst toward Oxygen Reduction and Ambient Ammonia Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16385-16397. [PMID: 33147411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Toward the realm of sustainable energy, the development of efficient methods to enhance the performance of electrocatalysts with molecular level perception has gained immense attention. Inspite of untiring attempts, the production cost and scaling-up issues have been a step back toward the commercialization of the electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a one-pot electrophoretic exfoliation technique with minimum time and power input to synthesize iron phthalocyanine functionalized high-quality graphene sheets (G-FePc). The π-stacked co-assembly excels in oxygen reduction performance (major criterion for fuel cells) with a high positive E1/2 of 0.91 V (vs RHE) and a reproducible reduction peak potential of 0.90 V (vs RHE). An overpotential as low as 29 mV dec-1 and complete tolerance toward the methanol crossover effect confirm the authentication of the catalytic performance of our designed catalyst G-FePc. The catalyst simultaneously exhibits hydrogen storage efficacy by means of nitrogen fixation, yielding 27.74 μg h-1 mgcat-1 NH3 at a potential of -0.3 V (vs RHE) in an acidic electrolyte. The structure-function relationship of the catalyst is revealed via molecular orbital chemistry for the bonding of the Fe(II) active center with O2 and N2 during catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Biswas
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Subhajit Sarkar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Manisha Das
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Navpreet Kamboj
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zheng J, Wu S, Lu L, Huang C, Ho PL, Kirkland A, Sudmeier T, Arrigo R, Gianolio D, Edman Tsang SC. Structural insight into [Fe-S 2-Mo] motif in electrochemical reduction of N 2 over Fe 1-supported molecular MoS 2. Chem Sci 2020; 12:688-695. [PMID: 34163801 PMCID: PMC8178972 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04575f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic synthesis of NH3 from the thermodynamically challenging N2 reduction reaction under mild conditions is currently a significant problem for scientists. Accordingly, herein, we report the development of a nitrogenase-inspired inorganic-based chalcogenide system for the efficient electrochemical conversion of N2 to NH3, which is comprised of the basic structure of [Fe-S2-Mo]. This material showed high activity of 8.7 mgNH3 mgFe -1 h-1 (24 μgNH3 cm-2 h-1) with an excellent faradaic efficiency of 27% for the conversion of N2 to NH3 in aqueous medium. It was demonstrated that the Fe1 single atom on [Fe-S2-Mo] under the optimal negative potential favors the reduction of N2 to NH3 over the competitive proton reduction to H2. Operando X-ray absorption and simulations combined with theoretical DFT calculations provided the first and important insights on the particular electron-mediating and catalytic roles of the [Fe-S2-Mo] motifs and Fe1, respectively, on this two-dimensional (2D) molecular layer slab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zheng
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Simson Wu
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Lilin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 PH UK
| | - Ping-Luen Ho
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Angus Kirkland
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 PH UK
| | - Tim Sudmeier
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Harwell Campus, Chilton Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK.,School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford Manchester M5 4WT UK
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source Harwell Campus, Chilton Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Shik Chi Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang Y, Shao Y, Wang H, Yuan J. Advanced Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon Membranes Assisted by Poly(ionic liquid) Design and Engineering. ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2020; 1:16-29. [PMID: 33163972 PMCID: PMC7640738 DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.0c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped porous carbon membranes (HPCMMs) with a tailor-made pore architecture, chemical composition, atomic structural order, and surface state represent an exciting family of porous carbon materials for diverse potential applications in catalysis, water treatment, biofiltration, energy conversion/storage, and so forth. Conventional porous carbon membranes possess intrinsic structural integrity, interconnectivity, and chemical purity across the atomic-to-macro world and have been popularly incorporated into devices as separators or chemically inert conductive supports, circumventing otherwise the inevitable complicated processing and structure weakness of their fine powderous counterpart. Motivated by the distinguished heteroatom-doping effect that revolutionizes the chemical and physical nature of carbon materials, the HPCMM research surges very recently, and focuses not only on the eminent conductive supports or separators but also on electro(co)catalysts in energy devices. Synergy of the porous nature, incorporation of heteroatoms, and the membrane state creates a vivid profile pattern and new task-specific usage. It is also noteworthy that the inherent structural merits of HPCMMs plus a high electron conductivity imbue them as a reliable binder-free model electrode to derive the intrinsic structure-property relationship of porous carbons in electrochemical environments, excluding the complex and adverse factors in association with polymer binders in carbon powder-based electrodes. HPCMMs are of both intense academic interest and practical value because of their well-defined properties endowed by controllable structure and porosity at both atomic and macroscopic scales in a membrane form. The sole aim of this article is to bring this group of porous carbon materials to the forefront so their comprehensive properties and functions can be better understood to serve the carbon community to address pressing materials challenges in our society. In this Account, we highlight the latest discovery and proceedings of HPCMMs, particularly the advancements in how to tailor structures and properties of HPCMMs by rational structure design of porous polymer membranes as sacrificial template built up especially from heteroatom-rich poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs). We will also stress the carbonization craft and the state-of-the-art electrochemical applications for HPCMMs. Key factors and thoughts in heteroatom doping and porous systems in HPCMMs are discussed. A future perspective of the challenges and promising potential of HPCMMs is cast on the basis of these achievements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry,
Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Yue Shao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
(Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry,
Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R.
China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
(Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry,
Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R.
China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry,
Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm,
Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shen P, Liu Y, Li Q, Chu K. FeVO 4 porous nanorods for electrochemical nitrogen reduction: contribution of the Fe 2c-V 2c dimer as a dual electron-donation center. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10505-10508. [PMID: 32776057 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) offers a sustainable route for ambient NH3 production. To ensure a high NRR efficiency, it is critically important to design active electrocatalysts which possess a strong electron-donating capability to activate the stable N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N bond and facilitate the protonation process. Herein, inspired by the FeV-cofactor as a catalytic site for biological N2 fixation, we show that the FeVO4 can be a highly efficient and durable NRR catalyst. The developed FeVO4 porous nanorods delivered a favorable combination of both high NH3 production rate (52.8 μg h-1 mg-1) and high faradaic efficiency (15.7%), surpassing those of nearly all the previously reported Fe- and V-based catalysts. Theoretical computations revealed that the high NRR performance of FeVO4 originated from the Fe2c-V2c dimer (2c means two-fold coordinated bond) as a dual electron-donation center to effectively activate the NRR with a low overpotential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang L, Wang H, Wang X, Luo W, Wu C, Wang CA, Xu C. Flower-like Hollow MoSe 2 Nanospheres as Efficient Earth-Abundant Electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Reduction Reaction under Ambient Conditions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12941-12946. [PMID: 32820911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a green and sustainable strategy for artificial nitrogen fixation but remains a significant challenge because of the lack of high-performance electrocatalysts. In this study, flower-like hollow MoSe2 nanospheres as efficient earth-abundant NRR electrocatalysts with a high faradaic efficiency of 14.2% and an ammonia yield of 11.2 μg h-1 mgcat.-1 at ambient conditions were prepared. Such excellent NRR activity can be attributed to the higher specific surface area, more active sites, and longer N2 retention time within the shells because of the design of the hollow structure. Density functional theory calculations were performed to further understand the catalytic mechanism involved. This work demonstrates the feasibility of transition-metal selenides as NRR electrocatalysts and suggests an electrocatalyst materials structure design for efficient electrochemical nitrogen fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China.,Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621700, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621700, China
| | - Wenhua Luo
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621700, China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chang-An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621700, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen C, Liu Y, Yao Y. Ammonia Synthesis via Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on Iron Molybdate under Ambient Conditions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining & MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology 150001 Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining & MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology 150001 Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining & MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology 150001 Harbin People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|