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Zhao F, Zhao J, Liu H, Wang Y, Duan J, Li C, Di J, Zhang N, Zheng X, Chen P. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Chiral Organoborane Macrocycles with Blue to Near-Infrared Emissions and the Diradical Character of Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10092-10103. [PMID: 37125835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly emissive π-conjugated macrocycles with tunable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have sparked theoretical and synthetic interests in recent years. Herein, we report a synthetic approach to obtain new chiral organoborane macrocycles (CMC1, CMC2, and CMC3) that are built on the structurally chiral [5]helicenes and highly luminescent triarylborane/amine moieties embedded into the cyclic systems. These rarely accessible B/N-doped main-group chiral macrocycles show a unique topology dependence of the optoelectronic and chiroptical properties. CMC1 and CMC2 show a higher luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) together with an enhanced CPL brightness (BCPL) as compared with CMC3. Electronic effects were also tuned and resulted in bathochromic shifts of their emission and CPL responses from blue for CMC1 to the near-infrared (NIR) region for CMC3. Furthermore, chemical oxidations of the N donor sites in CMC1 gave rise to a highly stable radical cation (CMC1·+SbF6-) and diradical dication species (CMC12·2+2SbF6-) that serve as a rare example of a positively charged open-shell chiral macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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2
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Dishi O, Rahav Y, Carmieli R, Gidron O. A Macrocyclic Furan with Accessible Oxidation States: Switching Between Aromatic and Antiaromatic Global Ring Currents. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202082. [PMID: 35932151 PMCID: PMC9826138 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic furans are predicted to switch between global aromaticity and antiaromaticity, depending on their oxidation states. However, the macrocyclic furans reported to date are stabilized by electron withdrawing groups, which result in inaccessible oxidation states. To circumvent this problem, a post-macrocyclization approach was applied to introduce methylene-substituted macrocyclic furans, which display an extremely low oxidation potential of -0.23 vs. Fc/Fc+ , and are partially oxidized in ambient conditions. Additional oxidation to the dication results in aromaticity switching to a global 30πe- aromatic state, as indicated by the formation of a strong diatropic current observed in the 1 H NMR spectrum. NICS and ACID calculations support this trend and provide evidence for a different pathway for the global current in the neutral and dicationic states. According to these findings, macrocyclic furans can be rendered as promising p-type materials with stable oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Dishi
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Yuval Rahav
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Chemical Research Support UnitWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot7610001Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemEdmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem9190401Israel
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3
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Cojal González JD, Iyoda M, Rabe JP. Resonant Electron Tunneling Induces Isomerization of π-Expanded Oligothiophene Macrocycles in a 2D Crystal. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200557. [PMID: 35355440 PMCID: PMC9259718 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic oligothiophenes and their π-expanded derivatives constitute versatile building blocks for the design of (supra)molecularly engineered active interfaces, owing to their structural, chemical, and optoelectronic properties. Here, it is demonstrated how resonant tunneling effect induces single molecular isomerization in a 2D crystal, self-assembled at solid-liquid interfaces under ambient conditions. Monolayers of a series of four π-expanded oligothiophene macrocycles are investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) at the interface between their octanoic acid solutions and the basal plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Current-voltage characteristics confirm the donor-type character of the macrocycles, with the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) positions consistent with time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Cyclic STS measurements show the redox isomerization from Z,Z-8T6A to its isomer E,E-8T6A occurring in the 2D crystal, due to the formation of a negatively charged species when the tunneling current is in resonance with the LUMO of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D. Cojal González
- Department of Physics and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinNewtonstr. 15BerlinD‐12489Germany
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachiojiTokyo192‐0397Japan
| | - Jürgen P. Rabe
- Department of Physics and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinNewtonstr. 15BerlinD‐12489Germany
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Srivastava A, Grewal S, Bari NK, Saraswat M, Sinha S, Venkataramani S. Light-controlled shape-changing azomacrocycles exhibiting reversible modulation of pyrene fluorescence emission. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5284-5292. [PMID: 35713091 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and study of light-induced shape-changing azomacrocycles. These systems have been incorporated with azobenzene photoswitches using alkoxy tethers and triazole units to afford flexibility and binding. We envision that such azomacrocycles are capable of reversibly binding with the guest molecule. Remarkably, we have demonstrated fully light-controlled fluorescence quenching and enhancement in the monomeric emission of pyrene (guest). Such modulations have been achieved by the photoisomerization of the azomacrocycle and, in turn, host-guest interactions. Also, the azomacrocycles tend to aggregate and can also be controlled by light or heat. We uncovered such phenomena using spectroscopic, microscopic, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies and computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Naimat K Bari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Sharmistha Sinha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140 306, Punjab, India.
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140 306, Punjab, India.
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5
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Dishi O, Malakar P, Shimon LJW, Ruhman S, Gidron O. Ring Size Determines the Conformation, Global Aromaticity and Photophysical Properties of Macrocyclic Oligofurans. Chemistry 2021; 27:17794-17801. [PMID: 34747542 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In π-conjugated macrocycles, there is a trade-off between the global and local expression of effects such as aromaticity, with the outcome of the trade-off determined by the geometry and aromaticity of the constituent units. Compared with other aromatic rings, the aromatic character of furan is relatively small, and therefore global effects in macrocyclic furans are expected to be more pronounced. Following our introduction of macrocyclic oligofuran, we present the first synthesis of a series of π-conjugated bifuran macrocycles of various ring sizes, from trimer to hexamer, and characterize them using both computational and experimental methods. The properties of macrocyclic oligofurans change considerably with size: The smaller trimer is rigid, weakly emissive and planar as revealed by its single crystal structure, and displays global antiaromaticity. In contrast, the larger pentamer and hexamer are flexible, emissive, have non-planar structures, and exhibit local aromaticity. The results are supported by NICS and ACID calculations that indicate the global antiaromaticity of planar furan macrocycles, and by transient absorption measurements showing sharp absorption band for the trimer and only the internal conversion decay pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Dishi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Partha Malakar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Chemical Research Support Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sanford Ruhman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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Shimizu H, Huang P, Isomura E, Nishinaga T, Iyoda M. π-Extended Macrocyclic Oligothiophene Heptamer and Tetradecamer: Ringsize Effects on the Physical Properties and Morphological Features. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Pochi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Eigo Isomura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Shirahata K, Takashika M, Hirabayashi K, Hasegawa M, Otani H, Yamamoto K, Ie Y, Shimizu T, Aoyagi S, Iyoda M. Reduction of Ethynylenes to Vinylenes in a Macrocyclic π-Extended Thiophene Skeleton Under McMurry Coupling Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:302-309. [PMID: 33290650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
McMurry coupling is one of the most useful and convenient tools for the preparation of π-conjugated molecules. However, for the synthesis of strained macrocycles containing ethynylene linkages, reduction of ethynylene to vinylene linkage sometimes took place. Especially, for the synthesis of macrocyclic π-extended thiophene hexamers using McMurry coupling of dialdehyde 1 composed of three thienylene, two ethynylene, and two formyl groups, reduction of ethynylenes to vinylenes often takes place to produce unique products in a one-pot procedure, depending on very small steric and electronic effects such as reaction temperature, amounts of titanium reagent, and substituents of thiophene hexamers. The attractive structures and functional properties of reduced thiophene hexamers have been determined using X-ray analysis and OFET measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Shirahata
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Takashika
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hirabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Iyoda M, Takashika M, Hasegawa M, Otani H, Mizuno S, Miwa K, Kariya W, Fujiwara T, Shimizu H, Aoyagi S. Reversible Color and Shape Changes of Nanostructured Fibers of a Macrocyclic π-Extended Thiophene Hexamer Promoted by Adsorption and Desorption of Organic Vapor. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13662-13666. [PMID: 32693586 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A phenyl-substituted macrocyclic π-extended thiophene hexamer 1, composed of four thienylene-ethynylene and two thienylene-vinylene units, has a solid-state structure in which π-π, CH-π, and van der Waals interactions occur. Slow addition of acetone to a solution of 1 in CS2 produces a yellow nanostructured fiber 1-A containing a 1:1.5:1 ratio of 1, acetone, and CS2. Over a 2 min period at 25 °C, 1-A gradually changes to an orange fiber 1-B containing a 1:0.5:1 ratio of 1, acetone, and CS2. On exposure to acetone vapor, 1-B regenerates 1-A (vapochromism), and removal of all solvents from 1-A and 1-B generates a red-orange fiber 1-C, which upon brief immersion in acetone/CS2 produces 1-A. Furthermore, 1-C is converted to orange yellow fiber 1-D upon exposure to acetone vapor for 1 s at 25 °C. Analysis of the horizontal and vertical profiles of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns shows that removal of solvent from 1-A reversibly creates 1-B in conjunction with a shape and size change along with arching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masataka Takashika
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Saori Mizuno
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhira Miwa
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - Wakana Kariya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
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9
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Fujiwara T, Takashika M, Hasegawa M, Ie Y, Aso Y, Aoyagi S, Otani H, Iyoda M. Small Structural Changes in the Alkyl Substituents of Macrocyclic π-Extended Thiophene Oligomers Causes a Key Effect on Their Stacking and Functional Properties. Chempluschem 2020; 84:694-703. [PMID: 31944018 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three new macrocyclic π-extended thiophene hexamers composed of four thienylene-ethynylene and two thienylene-vinylene units with or without four alkyl substituents have been synthesized. Despite similar shape-persistent structures in solution, the alkyl substituents control the solid-state structures and morphologies. The unsubstituted hexamer exhibited a planar conformation with a theoretically predicted structure in the solid state; however, the planar hexamer with four ethyl substituents formed a closely stacked columnar crystal structure to exhibit π-π interactions. Interestingly, the hexamer with four butyl substituents adopted both planar and twisted conformations in the solid state, exhibiting polymorphism based on induced-fit stacking of molecules. Thus, the butyl-substituted hexamer produces a mixture of yellow, orange, and red single crystals from toluene/acetone, and X-ray analysis revealed six different conformations. Consequently, the small structural difference in the macrocycles causes a key effect on their functional properties in the solid state, and their morphology governs electrical conductivity and organic field-effect-transistor activity. The polymorphism of the hexamers was applied to the switching of film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Takashika
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- School of Science, Kitasato University Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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Miki K, Ohe K. π‐Conjugated Macrocycles Bearing Angle‐Strained Alkynes. Chemistry 2019; 26:2529-2575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
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Cojal González JD, Iyoda M, Rabe JP. Reversible Photoisomerization of Monolayers of π-Expanded Oligothiophene Macrocycles at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17038-17042. [PMID: 30378740 PMCID: PMC6582435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self‐assembled monolayers of a π‐expanded oligothiophene macrocycle undergo photoisomerization between their Z,Z and E,E diastereomers at the interface between octanoic acid solutions and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The switching process proceeds in situ at the solid–liquid interface and was followed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Upon illumination with light at 365 nm (546 nm), a monolayer of Z,Z‐8mer (E,E‐8mer) photoisomerizes to the E,E‐8mer (Z,Z‐8mer) form with changes in 2D hexagonal packing. These findings provide insight towards the design of photoresponsive surfaces with desirable optoelectronic and structural (host–guest) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D Cojal González
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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