1
|
Larghi EL, Bracca ABJ, Simonetti SO, Kaufman TS. Recent developments in the total synthesis of natural products using the Ugi multicomponent reactions as the key strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:429-465. [PMID: 38126459 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01837g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The total syntheses of selected natural products using different versions of the Ugi multicomponent reaction is reviewed on a case-by-case basis. The revision covers the period 2008-2023 and includes detailed descriptions of the synthetic sequences, the use of state-of-the-art chemical reagents and strategies, as well as the advantages and limitations of the transformation and some remedial solutions. Relevant data on the isolation and bioactivity of the different natural targets are also briefly provided. The examples clearly evidence the strategic importance of this transformation and its key role in the modern natural products synthetic chemistry toolbox. This methodology proved to be a valuable means for easily building molecular complexity and efficiently delivering step-economic syntheses even of intricate structures, with a promising future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique L Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Andrea B J Bracca
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián O Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Teodoro S Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sebastian S, Yadav E, Bhardwaj P, Maruthi M, Kumar D, Gupta MK. Facile one-pot multicomponent synthesis of peptoid based gelators as novel scaffolds for drug incorporation and pH-sensitive release. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9975-9986. [PMID: 37823277 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01527k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria are the primary cause of illness and death globally, and antibiotics are the most commonly used medications to treat them. However, there are certain inherent problems in administering these drugs without any changes to their effectiveness. In order to sustain the targeted dosage over time, the use of a biocompatible local drug delivery system using low molecular mass gelators is preferred as a potential approach to reduce its side effects. Low molecular weight organic gelators (LMWOGs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their numerous and varied applications in multiple fields. But nowadays its quite a challenging task to synthesize new types of LMWOGs that can fill the significant gap towards potential applications. In this work, we have explored a multicomponent pathway for the synthesis of a small repertoire of peptoids from simple building blocks by a one-pot Ugi reaction. A variety of novel effective low molecular weight organic gelators have been synthesized, leading to the formation of stable self-assembled aggregates in various solvents such as DMSO, aqueous DMSO, and methanol. Consequently, these aggregates give rise to the creation of organogels and organo/hydrogels. The gels have a minimum gelation concentration (MGC) of 1-2% w/v with high thermal stability. Furthermore, successful encapsulation and release of metronidazole (MZ) were achieved within the gel matrix under physiological pH conditions at 37 °C, ensuring the preservation of its structural and functional properties. The results demonstrated that the release rate of MZ from the organo/hydrogels is contingent on pH, exhibiting a gradual and regulated release in mild alkaline environments. Moreover, the devised system displayed noteworthy antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli, underscoring the potential of these novel low molecular weight organic gels (LMWOGs) as effective drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical industry. The gel formulations exhibit biocompatibility and negligible cytotoxicity, as evidenced by cell viability studies conducted using the MTT assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharol Sebastian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Eqvinshi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Mulaka Maruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan-173 229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun BB, Liu K, Gao Q, Fang W, Lu S, Wang CR, Yao CZ, Cao HQ, Yu J. Enantioselective Ugi and Ugi-azide reactions catalyzed by anionic stereogenic-at-cobalt(III) complexes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7065. [PMID: 36400776 PMCID: PMC9674650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ugi reactions and related variations are proven to be atom and step-economic strategies for construction of highly valuable peptide-like skeletons and nitrogenous heterocycles. The development of structurally diverse range of novel catalytic systems and the discovery of new approaches to accommodate a broader scope of terminating reagents for asymmetric Ugi four-component reaction is still in high demand. Here, we report a strategy that enables enantioselective Ugi four-component and Ugi-azide reactions employing anionic stereogenic-at-cobalt(III) complexes as catalysts. The key nitrilium intermediates, generated through the nucleophilic addition of isocyanides to the chiral ion-pair which consists of stereogenic-at-cobalt(III) complexes counteranion and a protonated iminium, are trapped by either carboxylic acids or in situ-generated hydrazoic acid, delivering α-acylamino amides and α-aminotetrazoles in good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99:1 e.r.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Bing Sun
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Kun Liu
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Quan Gao
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Plant Protection, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Wei Fang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Shuang Lu
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Chun-Ru Wang
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Yao
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Plant Protection, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Jie Yu
- grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China ,grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804School of Plant Protection, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Wang Y, Wu S, Jiang W, Zeng R, Cao H. Four-Component Cyclization of Naphthol/Thionaphthol/Naphthylamine, Formaldehyde, and DBU in Water. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13819-13827. [PMID: 36223276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A practical and environmentally benign cascade multicomponent condensation of naphthol/thionaphthol/naphthylamine, formaldehyde, and DBU in water without any catalysts has been achieved. A wide variety of dihydrooxazine, dihydrothiazine, and tetrahydrobenzoquinazoline derivatives N-substituted with a tether bearing a caprolactam unit were afforded in moderate to good yields. The advantages of being cost-effective, metal-free, and easily handled and the use of water as medium made this protocol conform with the principle of green synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| | - Songxin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| | - Ruyi Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arroyo‐Córdoba IJ, Gamboa‐Velázquez G, Avila‐Ortiz CG, Leyva‐Ramírez MA, Cortez‐Picasso MT, García‐Revilla MA, Ramírez‐Ornelas DE, Peña‐Cabrera E, Juaristi E. Structure and Conformation of Novel BODIPY Ugi Adducts. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200197. [PMID: 36284210 PMCID: PMC9596608 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel BODIPY-Ugi (boron dipyrromethene) adducts exhibit peculiar room temperature (T=20 °C) H-1 NMR spectra in that several protons located at the aromatic aniline-type ring are lost in the baseline. This observation revealed the existence of a dynamic conformational process where rotation around the C-N bond is hindered. Variable-temperature H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopic analysis confirmed this conclusion; that is, low-temperature spectra show distinct signals for all four aromatic protons below coalescence, whereas average signals are recorded above coalescence (T=+120 °C). Particularly interesting was the rather large difference in chemical shifts for the ortho protons below coalescence, Δδ=1.45 ppm, which was explained based on DFT computational analysis. Indeed, the calculated lowest-energy gas-phase conformation of the BODIPY Ugi adducts locates one half of the aniline-type ring in the shielding anisotropic cone of the bridge phenyl ring in the BODIPY segment. This is in contrast to the solid-state conformation established by X-ray diffraction analysis that shows a nearly parallel arrangement of the aromatic rings, probably induced by crystal packing forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Javier Arroyo‐Córdoba
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosAvenida IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco07360Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Gonzalo Gamboa‐Velázquez
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosAvenida IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco07360Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Claudia Gabriela Avila‐Ortiz
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosAvenida IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco07360Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Marco A. Leyva‐Ramírez
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosAvenida IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco07360Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - María Teresa Cortez‐Picasso
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosAvenida IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco07360Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | | | | | - Eduardo Peña‐Cabrera
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Guanajuato Noria Alta S/N36050Guanajuato, Gto.Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosAvenida IPN 2508 San Pedro Zacatenco07360Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
- El Colegio NacionalLuis González Obregón 23 Centro Histórico06020Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bagheri M, Mohammadsaeed S, Gholamzadeh P. Annulation of the Ugi Products Using Palladium Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Bagheri
- Department of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, Vanak Square Tehran Iran
| | - Shirin Mohammadsaeed
- Department of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, Vanak Square Tehran Iran
| | - Parisa Gholamzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elites Club Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dömling A. Innovations and Inventions: Why Was the Ugi Reaction Discovered Only 37 Years after the Passerini Reaction? J Org Chem 2022; 88:5242-5247. [PMID: 35881912 PMCID: PMC10167652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This year represents the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the Passerini three-component reaction. The related Ugi four-compound reaction was discovered 37 years after the Passerini reaction. Undoubtedly, both reactions are very important multicomponent reactions but the Ugi reactions outperform the Passerini reactions in terms of combinatorial space according to the equation xy [x is the number of building blocks per component, and y is the order of the multicomponent reaction (for Passerini, y = 3; for Ugi, y = 4)]. In this work, a historical but contemporary perspective of the discoveries and innovations of the two reactions is given. From a bird's eye view and in a more general sense, the discovery of novel reactions is discussed and how it relates to inventions and innovations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rastkar MB, Mohtat B, Marandi GB, Djahaniani H. A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of 5-Aryl-N-cyclohexyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxamides via Aza-Wittig/Isocyanide-based Three-Component Reaction. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022070144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Chen W, Ke D, Wu Y, Zhang L, Shao J, Yu Y. Group-Assisted-Purification Chemistry Strategy for the Efficient Assembly of Cyclic Fused Pyridinones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1628-5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA group-assisted-purification (GAP) chemistry strategy-based Ugi four-center three-component reaction (Ugi-4C-3CR) was explored. The reaction proceeded well to deliver the cyclic fused pyridinones selectively. Moreover, the reaction conditions were mild and avoided additional chromatography or recrystallization workup. Also, wide variations in substrates, such as anilines and aliphatic amines as well as amino alcohols and amino acid esters were all tolerated and pyridinones are achieved in good to excellent yields. Importantly, ladder-type cyclic fused pyridinones can be further constructed in excellent yield of 91%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenteng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Di Ke
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - You Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Jiaan Shao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College
| | - Yongping Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mousavi H. A comprehensive survey upon diverse and prolific applications of chitosan-based catalytic systems in one-pot multi-component synthesis of heterocyclic rings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:1003-1166. [PMID: 34174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are among the most prestigious and valuable chemical molecules with diverse and magnificent applications in various sciences. Due to the remarkable and numerous properties of the heterocyclic frameworks, the development of efficient and convenient synthetic methods for the preparation of such outstanding compounds is of great importance. Undoubtedly, catalysis has a conspicuous role in modern chemical synthesis and green chemistry. Therefore, when designing a chemical reaction, choosing and or preparing powerful and environmentally benign simple catalysts or complicated catalytic systems for an acceleration of the chemical reaction is a pivotal part of work for synthetic chemists. Chitosan, as a biocompatible and biodegradable pseudo-natural polysaccharide is one of the excellent choices for the preparation of suitable catalytic systems due to its unique properties. In this review paper, every effort has been made to cover all research articles in the field of one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic frameworks in the presence of chitosan-based catalytic systems, which were published roughly by the first quarter of 2020. It is hoped that this review paper can be a little help to synthetic scientists, methodologists, and catalyst designers, both on the laboratory and industrial scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu S, Cui S. SuFExable Isocyanides for Ugi Reaction: Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluoro Peptides. Org Lett 2021; 23:5197-5202. [PMID: 34157840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the sulfonyl fluoro isocyanides were first developed as a new type of SuFExable synthon, and they are used as building blocks in the Ugi reaction (U-4CR). The Ugi reaction was established and the substrate scope was investigated, and various sulfonyl fluoro α-amino amides and peptides could be reached in a one-step synthesis. Therefore, this protocol opens a new vision for SuFExable building blocks and click chemistry, and it also provides a distinct approach to sulfonyl fluoro peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Xu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramos-Tomillero I, Sánchez MK, Rodríguez H, Albericio F. Structure-Acid Lability Relationship of N-Alkylated α,α-Dialkylglycine Obtained via a Ugi Multicomponent Reaction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010197. [PMID: 33401754 PMCID: PMC7794957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the classical Ugi four-component reaction to fuse an amine, ketone, carboxylic acid, and isocyanide, here we prepared a short library of N-alkylated α,α-dialkylglycine derivatives. Due to the polyfunctionality of the dipeptidic scaffold, this highly steric hindered system shows an interesting acidolytic cleavage of the C-terminal amide. In this regard, we studied the structure-acid lability relationship of the C-terminal amide bond (cyclohexylamide) of N-alkylated α,α-dialkylglycine amides 1a–n in acidic media and, afterward, it was established that the most important structural features related to its cleavage. Then, it was demonstrated that electron-donating effects in the aromatic amines, flexible acyl chains (Gly) at the N-terminal and the introduction of cyclic compounds into dipeptide scaffolds, increased the rate of acidolysis. All these effects are related to the ease with which the oxazolonium ion intermediate forms and they promote the proximity of the central carbonyl group to the C-terminal amide, resulting in C-terminal amide cleavage. Consequently, these findings could be applied for the design of new protecting groups, handles for solid-phase synthesis, and linkers for conjugation, due to its easily modulable and the fact that it allows to fine tune its acid-lability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Ramos-Tomillero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa K. Sánchez
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100650, Ecuador;
| | - Hortensia Rodríguez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100650, Ecuador;
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (F.A.); Tel.: +593-994-336-513 (H.R.); +34-618-089145 (F.A.)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Correspondence: (H.R.); (F.A.); Tel.: +593-994-336-513 (H.R.); +34-618-089145 (F.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen R, Wu G, Yang K, Ye B, Chen Q, Wang Z. One-Pot Synthesis of N-Furanonyl Sulfonyl Hydrazone Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Liu J, Xie Y, Yang Q, Huang N, Wang L. Ugi Four-Component Reaction Based on the in situ Capture of Amines and Subsequent Modification Tandem Cyclization Reaction: "One-Pot" Synthesis of Six- and Seven-Membered Heterocycles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202012040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
Charoenpattarapreeda J, Walsh SJ, Carroll JS, Spring DR. Expeditious Total Synthesis of Hemiasterlin through a Convergent Multicomponent Strategy and Its Use in Targeted Cancer Therapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Charoenpattarapreeda J, Walsh SJ, Carroll JS, Spring DR. Expeditious Total Synthesis of Hemiasterlin through a Convergent Multicomponent Strategy and Its Use in Targeted Cancer Therapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23045-23050. [PMID: 32894646 PMCID: PMC7756509 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hemiasterlin is an antimitotic marine natural product with reported sub-nanomolar potency against several cancer cell lines. Herein, we describe an expeditious total synthesis of hemiasterlin featuring a four-component Ugi reaction (Ugi-4CR) as the key step. The convergent synthetic strategy enabled rapid access to taltobulin (HTI-286), a similarly potent synthetic analogue. This short synthetic sequence enabled investigation of both hemiasterlin and taltobulin as cytotoxic payloads in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). These novel ADCs displayed sub-nanomolar cytotoxicity against HER2-expressing cancer cells, while showing no activity against antigen-negative cells. This study demonstrates an improved synthetic route to a highly valuable natural product, facilitating further investigation of hemiasterlin and its analogues as potential payloads in targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J. Walsh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang K, Yang JQ, Luo SH, Mei WJ, Lin JY, Zhan JQ, Wang ZY. Synthesis of N-2(5H)-furanonyl sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives and their biological evaluation in vitro and in vivo activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104518. [PMID: 33303210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of (E)-N-2(5H)-furanonyl sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives have been rationally designed and efficiently synthesized by one-pot reaction with good yields for the first time. This green approach with wide substrate range and good selectivity can be achieved at room temperature in a short time in the presence of metal-free catalyst. The cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines of all newly obtained compounds have been evaluated by MTT assay. Among them, compound 5 k exhibits high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 14.35 μM. The cytotoxic mechanism may involve G2/M phase arrest pathway, which is probably caused by activating DNA damage. Comet test and immunofluorescence results show that compound 5 k can induce DNA damage in time- and dose-dependent manner. Importantly, 5 k also can effectively inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and angiogenesis in the zebrafish xenograft model. It is potential to further develop N-2(5H)-furanonyl sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives as potent drugs for breast cancer treatment with higher cytotoxic activity by modifying the structure of the compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiong Yang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Jian-Yun Lin
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fouad MA, Abdel-Hamid H, Ayoup MS. Two decades of recent advances of Ugi reactions: synthetic and pharmaceutical applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42644-42681. [PMID: 35514898 PMCID: PMC9058431 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are powerful synthetic tools in which more than two starting materials couple with each other to form multi-functionalized compounds in a one-pot process, the so-called "tandem", "domino" or "cascade" reaction, or utilizing an additional step without changing the solvent, the so-called a sequential-addition procedure, to limit the number of synthetic steps, while increasing the complexity and the molecular diversity, which are highly step-economical reactions. The Ugi reaction, one of the most common multicomponent reactions, has recently fascinated chemists with the high diversity brought by its four- or three-component-based isonitrile. The Ugi reaction has been introduced in organic synthesis as a novel, efficient and useful tool for the preparation of libraries of multifunctional peptides, natural products, and heterocyclic compounds with stereochemistry control. In this review, we highlight the recent advances of the Ugi reaction in the last two decades from 2000-2019, mainly in the synthesis of linear or cyclic peptides, heterocyclic compounds with versatile ring sizes, and natural products, as well as the enantioselective Ugi reactions. Meanwhile, the applications of these compounds in pharmaceutical trials are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manar Ahmed Fouad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Wang G, Peshkov AA, Yao R, Hasan M, Zaman M, Liu C, Kashtanov S, Pereshivko OP, Peshkov VA. Controlling the stereochemistry in 2-oxo-aldehyde-derived Ugi adducts through the cinchona alkaloid-promoted electrophilic fluorination. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1963-1973. [PMID: 32831953 PMCID: PMC7431756 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we introduce a new strategy for controlling the stereochemistry in Ugi adducts. Instead of controlling stereochemistry directly during the Ugi reaction we have attempted to stereodefine the chiral center at the peptidyl position through the post-Ugi functionalization. In order to achieve this, we chose to study 2-oxo-aldehyde-derived Ugi adducts many of which partially or fully exist in the enol form that lacks the aforementioned chiral center. This in turn led to their increased nucleophilicity as compared to the standard Ugi adducts. As such, the stereocenter at the peptidyl position could be installed and stereodefined through the reaction with a suitable electrophile. Towards this end, we were able to deploy an asymmetric cinchona alkaloid-promoted electrophilic fluorination producing enantioenriched post-Ugi adducts fluorinated at the peptidyl position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Gaigai Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Anatoly A Peshkov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Block 7, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.,Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Ruwei Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Manzoor Zaman
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Stepan Kashtanov
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Olga P Pereshivko
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Block 7, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Vsevolod A Peshkov
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Block 7, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.,The Environment and Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nunes PSG, Vidal HDA, Corrêa AG. Recent advances in catalytic enantioselective multicomponent reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7751-7773. [PMID: 32966520 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01631d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) undoubtedly correspond to one of the synthetic strategies that best fit the new demands of chemistry for presenting high atom economy and enabling molecular diversity. However, many challenges still exist when products possessing stereogenic centres are formed. The field of asymmetric catalytic reactions has achieved significant progress in recent decades; new applications for chiral ligands and catalysts have been demonstrated and new catalysts have been specifically designed for challenging chemical conversions. In this sense, highly efficient approaches for classic multicomponent reactions such as the Ugi reaction and a number of new asymmetric MCRs have been described. In this review we discuss the recent developments that enable catalytic enantioselective MCRs including the proposed mechanistic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves Nunes
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lei J, Li Y, He LJ, Luo YF, Tang DY, Yan W, Lin HK, Li HY, Chen ZZ, Xu ZG. Expeditious access of chromone analogues via a Michael addition-driven multicomponent reaction. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A Michael addition-driven four-component reaction (4-CR) with four Ugi inputs was developed and utilized for the synthesis of chromone derivatives and tetrazole substituted chromones under mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Peng H, Jiang K, Zhen G, Wang F, Yin B. Access to N-unprotected 2-amide-substituted indoles from Ugi adducts via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of o-iodoanilines bearing furan rings. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11750-11754. [PMID: 35496608 PMCID: PMC9050509 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of N-unprotected 2-amide-substituted indoles were synthesized from readily available furfural-based Ugi adducts in moderate to good yields via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of o-iodoanilines bearing furan rings. These reactions involved a cascade sequence consisting of dearomatizing arylation, opening of the furan ring, and deprotection of the N atom. A variety of N-unprotected 2-amide-substituted indoles were synthesized from readily available furfural-based Ugi adducts in moderate to good yields via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of o-iodoanilines bearing furan rings.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Guangjin Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu Q, Liu TX, Ma J, Zhang G. Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Tandem Coupling–Carboannulation Reaction Leading to Polysubstituted [60]Fullerene-Fused Cyclopentanes. Org Lett 2019; 22:284-289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Tong-Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Q, Mgimpatsang KC, Konstantinidou M, Shishkina SV, Dömling A. 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles by Ugi-Tetrazole and Huisgen Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:7320-7323. [PMID: 31478379 PMCID: PMC6759755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Easy
to perform, functional group tolerant, and short syntheses
of the privileged scaffold oxadiazole are highly desired. Here, a
metal-free protocol for MCR-based synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
via a Ugi-tetrazole/Huisgen sequence was developed. Optimization and
scope and limitations of this short and general sequence are described.
The reaction was also successfully performed on a gram scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- University of Groningen , Department of Drug Design , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Kumchok C Mgimpatsang
- University of Groningen , Department of Drug Design , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Markella Konstantinidou
- University of Groningen , Department of Drug Design , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Svitlana V Shishkina
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" , National Academy of Science of Ukraine , 60 Lenina Avenue , Kharkiv 61001 , Ukraine
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University of Groningen , Department of Drug Design , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Al Otaibi A, Deane FM, Russell CC, Hizartzidis L, McCluskey SN, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. A methanol and protic ionic liquid Ugi multicomponent reaction path to cytotoxic α-phenylacetamido amides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7652-7663. [PMID: 35521167 PMCID: PMC9061180 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00118b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ugi four component reaction of an aldehyde, amine, isocyanide and an ethanoic acid was effected smoothly in protic ionic liquids ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and propylammonium nitrate (PAN) to afford analogues of α-phenylacetamido amides in good to excellent isolated yields. The corresponding reactions in [BMIM][PF6] and the protic ionic liquid ethanolammonium nitrate (ETAN) failed. Microwave irradiation in EAN facilitated rapid access to three focused libraries, based on the parent isocyanide: cyclohexyl isocyanide, benzyl isocyanide and ethyl isocyanoacetate. Analysis of the structure activity relationship data suggested the presence of a bulky moiety originating from the isocyanide (cyclohexyl and benzyl) enhanced cytotoxicity. Removal of the acetylenic H-atom from the ethanoic acid moiety was detrimental to cytotoxicity. The most active analogues produced, N-(2-cyclohexylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl-N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propiolamide, returned average GI50 values of ≤1 μM across the cancer cell lines evaluated. Combined, these data suggest that analogues of this nature are interesting potential anti-cancer development leads. The Ugi reaction (aldehyde, amine, isocyanide and an ethanoic acid) in the protic ionic liquids ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and propylammonium nitrate (PAN) gave excellent yields of α-phenylacetamido amides.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Otaibi
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | - Fiona M. Deane
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | - Cecilia C. Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | - Lacey Hizartzidis
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | - Siobhann N. McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| | | | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences
- The University of Newcastle
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|