1
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Dong W, Zhang F, Li T, Zhong Y, Hong L, Shi Y, Jiang F, Zhu H, Lu M, Yao Q, Xu W, Wu Z, Bai X, Zhang Y. Triple-Phosphorescent Gold Nanoclusters Enabled by Isomerization of Terminal Thiouracils in the Surface Motifs. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22180-22192. [PMID: 39087925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) hold great promise for expressing multipeak emission based on their well-defined total structure with diverse luminescent centers. Herein, we report the surface motif-dictated triple phosphorescence of Au NCs with dynamic color turning. The deprotonation-triggered isomerization of terminal thiouracils can evolve into a mutual transformation among their hierarchical motifs, thus serving a multipeak-emission expression with good tailoring. More importantly, the underlying electron transfer is thoroughly identified by excluding the radiative and nonradiative energy transfer, where electrons flow from the first phosphorescent state to the last two ones. The findings shed light on finely tailing motifs at the molecular level to motivate studies on customizable luminescence characteristics of metal NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Le Hong
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhennan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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2
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Lei Z, Zhao P, Guan ZJ, Nan ZA, Ehara M, Wang QM. 'Passivated Precursor' Approach to All-Alkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters and Total Structure Determination of Au 130. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401094. [PMID: 38797717 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A 'passivated precursor' approach is developed for the efficient synthesis and isolation of all-alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters. Direct reduction of dpa-passivated precursor Au-dpa (Hdpa=2,2'-dipyridylamine) in one-pot under ambient conditions gives a series of clusters including Au22(C≡CR)18 (R=-C6H4-2-F), Au36(C≡CR)24, Au44(C≡CR)28, Au130(C≡CR)50, and Au144(C≡CR)60. These clusters can be well separated via column chromatography. The overall isolation yield of this series of clusters is 40 % (based on gold), which is much improved in comparison with previous approaches. It is notable that the molecular structure of the giant cluster Au130(C≡CR)50 is revealed, which presents important information for understanding the structure of the mysterious Au130 nanoclusters. Theoretical calculations indicated Au130(C≡CR)50 has a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap than Au130(S-C6H4-4-CH3)50. This facile and reliable synthetic approach will greatly accelerate further studies on all-alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Oxygenated Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 444-8585, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 444-8585, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
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3
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Zhou H, Yang T, Deng H, Yun Y, Jin S, Xiong L, Zhu M. An insight, at the atomic level, into the structure and catalytic properties of the isomers of the Cu 22 cluster. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10318-10324. [PMID: 38738311 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00973h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The study of structural isomerism in copper nanoclusters has been relatively limited compared to that in gold and silver nanoclusters. In this work, we present the controlled synthesis and structures of two isomeric copper nanoclusters, denoted as Cu22-1 and Cu22-2, whose compositions were determined to be Cu22(SePh)10(Se)6(P(Ph-4F)3)8 through single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). The structural isomerism of Cu22-1 and Cu22-2 arises from the different arrangements of a few Cu(SeR)(PR3) motifs on the surface structure. These subtle changes in the surface structure also influence the distortion of the core and the spatial arrangement of the clusters, and affect the electronic structure. Furthermore, due to their distinct structures, Cu22-1 and Cu22-2 exhibit different catalytic properties in the copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Notably, Cu22-1 demonstrates efficient catalytic activity for photoinduced AAC, achieving a yield of 90% within 1 hour. This research contributes to the understanding of structural isomerism in copper nanoclusters and offers insights into the structure-function relationship in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Huijuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Yapei Yun
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Xiong
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, PR China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China.
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4
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Deng G, Ki T, Liu X, Chen Y, Lee K, Yoo S, Tang Q, Bootharaju MS, Hyeon T. Tailoring the subshell and electronic structure of an atomically precise AuAg alloy nanocluster. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1289-1292. [PMID: 38197160 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating the atomic-level structure of the subshell of a nanocluster while preserving the inner and outer shell structure is challenging. We present the synthesis and molecular structure of an alkynyl-protected Au34Ag27 nanocluster, which exhibits distinct third shell atomic arrangement, electronic structure, and optical properties from those of the Au34Ag28 nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Deng
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Ki
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuping Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Kangjae Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Yoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Qing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Tan Y, Sun G, Jiang T, Liu D, Li Q, Yang S, Chai J, Gao S, Yu H, Zhu M. Symmetry Breaking Enhancing the Activity of Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction on an Icosahedron-Kernel Cluster by Cu Atoms Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317471. [PMID: 38072830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, CO2 hydrogenation had a new breakthrough resulting from the design of catalysts to effectively activate linear CO2 with symmetry-breaking sites. However, understanding the relationship between symmetry-breaking sites and catalytic activity at the atomic level is still a great challenge. In this study, a set of gold-copper alloy Au13 Cux (x=0-4) nanoclusters were used as research objects to show the symmetry-controlled breaking structure on the surface of nanoclusters with the help of manipulability of the Cu atoms. Among them, Au13 Cu3 nanocluster displays the highest degree of symmetry-breaking on its crystal structure compared with the other nanoclusters in the family. Where the three copper atoms occupying the surface of the icosahedral kernel unevenly with one copper atom is coordinately unsaturated (CuS2 motif relative to CuS3 motif). As expected, Au13 Cu3 has an excellent hydrogenation activity of CO2 , in which the current density is as high as 70 mA cm-2 (-0.97 V) and the maximum FECO reaches 99 % at -0.58 V. Through the combination of crystal structures and theoretical calculations, the excellent catalytic activity of Au13 Cu3 is revealed to be indeed closely related to its asymmetric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesen Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Guilin Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Qinzhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
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6
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Tian WD, Si WD, Havenridge S, Zhang C, Wang Z, Aikens CM, Tung CH, Sun D. Biomimetic crystallization for long-pursued -COOH-functionalized gold nanocluster with near-infrared phosphorescence. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:40-48. [PMID: 37985311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
As an interdisciplinary product, water-soluble gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) stabilized by ligands containing carboxyl (-COOH) group have garnered significant attention from synthetic chemists and biologists due to their immense potential for biomedical applications. However, revealing the crystallographic structures of -COOH-functionalized AuNCs remains a bottleneck. Herein, we successfully applied the salting-out method to obtain a series of high-quality single crystals of -COOH-functionalized Au25 nanoclusters and revealed their crystallographic structures. Particularly, K3Au25(2-Hmna)9(mna)6]- (Au25a) protected by 2-mercaptonicotinic acid features an unprecedented tetrameric Au4(SRS)3(SRS,N)2 staple motifs surrounding the icosahedral Au13 kernel, breaking the traditional perception on the structure of Au25(SR)18. Au25a exhibits a distinct near-infrared emission at 970 nm with long lifetime of 8690 ns, which have been studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory. This work compensates for the research gap in the experimental structure of -COOH-functionalized AuNCs and opens up a new avenue to explore their structure-property correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS 66506, USA
| | - Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS 66506, USA
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Havenridge S, Aikens CM. Understanding the Ligand-Dependent Photoluminescent Mechanism in Small Alkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9932-9943. [PMID: 37966050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Alkynyl-protected gold clusters have recently gained attention because they are more structurally versatile than their thiolate-protected counterparts. Despite their flexibility, however, a higher photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) has been observed experimentally compared to that of organically soluble thiolate-protected clusters. Previous experiments have shown that changing the organic ligand, or R group, in these clusters does not affect the geometric or electronic properties of the core, leading to a similar absorption profile. This article serves as a follow-up to those experiments in which the geometric, optical, and photoluminescent (PL) properties of Au22(ETP)18 are pieced together to find the photoluminescence mechanism. These properties are then compared between Au22(C≡CR)18 clusters where the ligand is changed from R = ETP to PA and ET (ETP = 3-ethynylthiophene, PA = phenylacetylene, and ET = 3-ethynyltoluene). As the theoretical results do not reproduce the same absorption profile among the different ligands as in the experiment, this article also presents a supplementary benchmark of the geometric and optical properties among the three ligands for different levels of theory. The calculations show that the photoluminescence mechanism with the ETP ligand results in ligand-to-metal-to-metal charge transfer (LMMCT), while PA and ET are likely a result of core-dominated fluorescence. The changes are the result of the Au(I) ring atoms as well as how the aromatic groups are connected to the cluster. Additionally, dispersion, solvent, and polarization functions are all important to creating an accurate chemical environment, but the most useful tool in these calculations is the use of a long-range-corrected exchange-correlation functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, United States
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8
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Hu F, Guan ZJ, Yuan SF, Wang QM. Alkynyl-Protected Bimetallic Nanoclusters with a Hybrid Mackay Icosahedral Ag 42 Cu 12 Cl Kernel and an Octahedral Ag 22 Cu 12 Kernel. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300605. [PMID: 37550250 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile strategy that directly reduces alkynyl-silver precursors and copper salts for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoclusters using the weak reducing agent Ph2 SiH2 is demonstrated. Two alkynyl-protected concentric-shell nanoclusters, (Ph4 P)2 [Ag22 Cu12 (C≡CR)28 ] and (Ph4 P)3 [Ag42 Cu12 Cl(C≡CR)36 ] (Ag22 Cu12 and Ag42 Cu12 Cl, R=bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), were successfully obtained and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry. For the first time, a hybrid 55-atom two-shell Mackay icosahedron was found in Ag42 Cu12 Cl, which is icosahedral M54 Cl instead of M55 . The incorporation of a chloride in the metal icosahedron contributes to the stability of the cluster from both electronic and geometric aspects. Alkynyl ligands show various binding-modes including linear "RC≡C-Cu-C≡CR" staple motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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9
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Maman MP, Nida Nahan E, Suresh G, Das A, Nair AS, Pathak B, Mandal S. Control over product formation and thermodynamic stability of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters through tuning of surface protecting ligands. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13102-13109. [PMID: 37501634 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02617e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface-protecting ligands can regulate the structure of a cluster's core either through electronic or steric effects. However, the influence of the steric effect along with the electronic effect over controlling the structure during ligand exchange reactions remains elusive. To understand this, we have carried out ligand exchange on [Au23(CHT)16]- (CHT: cyclohexane thiol) using aromatic thiolates where we have tuned the bulkiness at the para position of the thiolate group on the incoming ligands. The outcome of the experiments reveals that each of the ligands in the chosen series is precisely selective towards the parent cluster transformation through specific intermediates. The ligand with more steric crowding directed the reaction pathway to have Au28 nanocluster as the major product while Au36 was the final product obtained with the gradual decrease of bulkiness over the ligand. The combined experimental and theoretical results elucidated the mechanism of the reaction pathways, product formation, and their stability. Indeed, this study with the series of ligands will add up to the ligand library, where we can decide on the ligand to obtain our desired cluster for specific applications through the ligand exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju P Maman
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Eyyakkandy Nida Nahan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Greeshma Suresh
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Arunendu Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
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10
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Chen L, Sun F, Shen Q, Wang L, Liu Y, Fan H, Tang Q, Tang Z. Structure, optical properties, and catalytic applications of alkynyl-protected M 4Rh 2 (M = Ag/Au) nanoclusters with atomic precision: a comparative study. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37365965 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We report two atomically precise alloy nanoclusters of Ag4Rh2(CCArF)8(PPh3)2 and Au4Rh2(CCArF)8(PPh3)2 (Ar = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3, abbreviated as Ag4Rh2 and Au4Rh2, respectively) co-protected by alkynyl and phosphine ligands. Both clusters have identical octahedral metal core configurations and can be termed superatoms with two free electrons. However, they possess different optical features, manifested by totally different absorbance peaks, and drastically different emission peaks, and also, Ag4Rh2 has a much higher fluorescence quantum yield (18.43%) than Au4Rh2 (4.98%). Moreover, Au4Rh2 exhibited markedly superior catalytic performance in the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), manifested by a much lower overpotential at 10 mA cm-2 and better stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the free energy change of Au4Rh2 for the adsorption of two H* (0.64 eV) is lower than that of Ag4Rh2 for the adsorption of one H* (-0.90 eV) after stripping a single alkynyl ligand from the cluster. In contrast, Ag4Rh2 demonstrated much stronger catalytic capability for catalyzing 4-nitrophenol reduction. The present study provides an exquisite example to understand the structure-property relationship of atomically precise alloy nanoclusters, and emphasizes the importance of fine-tuning of the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of the metal nanoclusters through modulating the metal core and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Chen
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Fang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Quanli Shen
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yonggang Liu
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hao Fan
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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11
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Guan ZJ, Li JJ, Hu F, Wang QM. Structural Engineering toward Gold Nanocluster Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209725. [PMID: 36169269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters provide great opportunities to explore the relationship between the structure and properties of nanogold catalysts. A nanocluster consists of a metal core and a surface ligand shell, and both the core and shell have significant effects on the catalytic properties. Thanks to their precise structures, the active metal site of the clusters can be readily identified and the effects of ligands on catalysis can be disclosed. In this Minireview, we summarize recent advances in catalytic research of gold nanoclusters, emphasizing four strategies for constructing open metal sites, including by post-treatment, the bulky ligands strategy, the surface geometric mismatch method, and heteroatom doping procedures. We also discuss the effects of ligands on the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of gold cluster catalysts. Finally, we present future challenges relating to gold cluster catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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12
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Li Q, Yang S, Chai J, Zhang H, Zhu M. Insights into mechanisms of diphosphine-mediated controlled surface construction on Au nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15804-15811. [PMID: 36254852 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the rules governing the size regulation of nanoclusters is of great importance not only in fundamental research, but also in practical applications because of the high structure-property correlation in nanoclusters. Diphosphine-mediated size tailoring is recognized as a powerful method for modulating the size, configuration, and properties of nanoclusters, but the role of diphosphines in these size-controlled processes is still poorly understood due to a lack of systematic studies. Herein, using Au23(SR)16- as the template for modification, the factors influencing the size-modulation of nanoclusters by diphosphines were systematically investigated. It is revealed that by controlling the length of the diphosphines (from shorter to longer), Au21(SR)12L2+ (L = diphosphine) and Au22(SR)14L can be produced. Moreover, introducing a rigid group into the diphosphines can twist the structural framework or lead to the formation of a new surface motif configuration in the nanoclusters, forming twisted Au22(SR)14L and Au25(SR)16L2+. The size regulation of these nanoclusters enables fine-tuning of the optical properties, including the absorption wavelengths and photoluminescence emission intensity, affording an avenue for precise control of the physicochemical properties of nanoclusters for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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13
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Hu F, Luyang HW, He RL, Guan ZJ, Yuan SF, Wang QM. Face-Centered Cubic Silver Nanoclusters Consolidated with Tetradentate Formamidinate Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19365-19371. [PMID: 36227067 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growing attention has been paid to nanoclusters with face-centered cubic (fcc) metal kernels, due to its structural similarity to bulk metals. We demonstrate that the use of tetradentate formamidinate ligands facilitate the construction of two fcc silver nanoclusters: [Ag52(5-F-dpf)16Cl4](SbF6)2 (Ag52, 5-F-Hdpf = N,N'-di(5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)formamidine) and [Ag53(5-Me-dpf)18](NO3)5 (Ag53, 5-Me-Hdpf = N,N'-di(5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)formamidine). Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis revealed that the silver atoms in both clusters are in a layer-by-layer arrangement, which can be viewed as a portion of the fcc packing of silver. The nitrogen donors of amidinate ligands selectively passivate the {111} facets. All silver atoms are involved in the fcc packing, that is, no staple motifs are observed due to the linear arrangement of the four N donors of the dpf ligands. The characteristic optical absorption bands of Ag52 and Ag53 have been studied with a time-dependent density functional theory. This work provides a facile access to assembling atomically precise fcc-type nanoclusters and shows the prospect of amidinates as protecting ligands in synthesizing metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Wang Luyang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Lin He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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14
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Hirai H, Takano S, Nakashima T, Iwasa T, Taketsugu T, Tsukuda T. Doping-Mediated Energy-Level Engineering of M@Au 12 Superatoms (M=Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir) for Efficient Photoluminescence and Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207290. [PMID: 35608869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of MAu12 (dppe)5 Cl2 (MAu12 ; M=Au, Pd, Pt, Rh, or Ir; dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), which have icosahedral M@Au12 superatomic cores, and systematically investigated their electronic structures, photoluminescence (PL) and photocatalytic properties. The energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was expanded when doping an M element positioned at the lower left of the periodic table. The PL quantum yield was enhanced with an increase in the HOMO-LUMO gap and reached 0.46-0.67 for MAu12 (M=Pt, Rh, or Ir) under deaerated conditions. The bright PLs from MAu12 (M=Pt, Rh, or Ir) were assigned to phosphorescence based on quenching by O2 . MAu12 (M=Pt, Rh, or Ir) acted as a more efficient and stable photocatalyst than Au13 for intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of bisenone via the oxidative quenching cycle. This study provides rational guides for designing photoluminescent and photocatalytic gold superatoms by the doping of heterometal elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haru Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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15
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Suzuki W, Takahata R, Chiga Y, Kikkawa S, Yamazoe S, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Teranishi T. Control over Ligand-Exchange Positions of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters Using Steric Repulsion of Protecting Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12310-12320. [PMID: 35776692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic ligands on gold nanoclusters play important roles in regulating the structures of gold cores. However, the impact of the number and positions of the protecting ligands on gold-core structures remains unclear. We isolated thiolate-protected Au25 cluster anions, [Au25(SC2Ph)17(Por)1]- and [Au25(SC2Ph)16(Por)2]- (SC2Ph = 2-phenylethanethiolate), obtained by ligand exchange of [Au25(SC2Ph)18]- with one or two porphyrinthiolate (Por) ligands as mixtures of regioisomers. The ratio of two regioisomers in [Au25(SC2Ph)17(Por)1]- as measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the selectivity could be controlled by the steric hindrance of the incoming thiols. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies of a series of porphyrin-coordinated gold nanoclusters clarified that the Au13 icosahedral core in the Au25 cluster was distorted through steric repulsion between porphyrin thiolates and phenylethanethiolates. This paper reveals interesting insights into the importance of the steric structures of protecting ligands for control over core structures in gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Suzuki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Chiga
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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16
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Li JJ, Liu CY, Guan ZJ, Lei Z, Wang QM. Anion-Directed Regulation of Structures and Luminescence of Heterometallic Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201549. [PMID: 35393719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anions have been used to regulate the structures and luminescence of heterometallic clusters. Introducing ClO4 - into orange-emissive, butterfly-like [(C)(Au-PPhpy2 )6 Ag4 ](BF4 )6 (1, PPhpy2 =bis(2-pyridyl)phenylphosphine) leads to the formation of red-emissive [(C)(Au-PPhpy2 )6 Ag5 (ClO4 )3 ](ClO4 )4 (2) with a novel trigonal bipyramidal structure; employing PhCO2 - gives yellow-emissive, hexagram-like [(C)(Au-PPhpy2 )6 Ag6 (PhCO2 )3 ](BF4 )5 (3). Notably, 1 exhibits weak luminescence in CH2 Cl2 /CH3 OH=1 : 1 (v : v) with a quantum yield (QY) of 0.05, whereas it was dramatically increased to 0.49 and 0.83 for 2 and 3, respectively. Theoretical calculation confirms that the involvement of anions in the electronic structures is responsible for the shifts of emission. The high QYs of 2 and 3 are attributed to the protection provided by ligands and anions. This work demonstrates that anions may serve as an extra designable factor beyond just counterions for functional metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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17
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Chen T, Lin H, Cao Y, Yao Q, Xie J. Interactions of Metal Nanoclusters with Light: Fundamentals and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103918. [PMID: 34617332 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of materials with light determine their applications in various fields. In the past decade, ultrasmall metal nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a promising class of optical materials due to their unique molecular-like properties. Herein, the basic principles of optical absorption and photoluminescence of metal NCs, their interactions with polarized light, and light-induced chemical reactions, are discussed, highlighting the roles of the core and protecting ligands/motifs of metal NCs in their interactions with light. The metal core and protecting ligands/motifs determine the electronic structures of metal NCs, which are closely related to their optical properties. In addition, the protecting ligands/motifs of metal NCs contribute to their photoluminescence and chiral origin, further promoting the interactions of metal NCs with light through various pathways. The fundamentals of light-NC interactions provide guidance for the design of metal NCs in optical applications, which are discussed in the second part. In the last section, some strategies are proposed to further understand light-NC interactions, highlighting the challenges and opportunities. It is hoped that this work will stimulate more research on the optical properties of metal NCs and their applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Hongbin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Yitao Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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18
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Hirai H, Takano S, Nakashima T, Iwasa T, Taketsugu T, Tsukuda T. Doping‐Mediated Energy‐Level Engineering of M@Au12 Superatoms (M = Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir) for Efficient Photoluminescence and Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haru Hirai
- The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science JAPAN
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science JAPAN
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology: Nara Sentan Kagaku Gijutsu Daigakuin Daigaku Division of Materials Scienc JAPAN
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science JAPAN
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science JAPAN
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- The University of Tokyo Department of Chemistry 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033 Tokyo JAPAN
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19
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Ma G, Tang Y, Chen L, Qin L, Shen Q, Wang L, Tang Z. Homoleptic Alkynyl‐Protected Au(I)9‐Ag(I)9 Cluster: Structure Analysis, Optical Property, and Catalytic Implications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Ma
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Yun Tang
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Leyi Chen
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Lubing Qin
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Quanli Shen
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Likai Wang
- Shandong University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- New Energy Research Institute School of Environement and Energy Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre 510006 Guangzhou CHINA
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20
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Pigliacelli C, Acocella A, Díez I, Moretti L, Dichiarante V, Demitri N, Jiang H, Maiuri M, Ras RHA, Bombelli FB, Cerullo G, Zerbetto F, Metrangolo P, Terraneo G. High-resolution crystal structure of a 20 kDa superfluorinated gold nanocluster. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2607. [PMID: 35545611 PMCID: PMC9095690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallization of atomically precise nanoclusters is gaining increasing attention, due to the opportunity of elucidating both intracluster and intercluster packing modes, and exploiting the functionality of the resulting highly pure crystallized materials. Herein, we report the design and single-crystal X-ray structure of a superfluorinated 20 kDa gold nanocluster, with an Au25 core coated by a shell of multi-branched highly fluorinated thiols (SF27) resulting in almost 500 fluorine atoms, i.e., ([Au25(SF27)18]0). The cluster shows a switchable solubility in the fluorous phase. X-ray analysis and computational studies reveal the key role of both intracluster and intercluster F···F contacts in driving [Au25(SF27)18]0 crystal packing and stabilization, highlighting the ability of multi-branched fluorinated thiols to endow atomically precise nanoclusters with remarkable crystallogenic behavior. The synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters is highly desired for fundamental studies and applications. Here, the authors report the formation of a superfluorinated gold nanocluster stabilized by a multi-branched highly fluorinated thiol ligand, and characterize its crystal structure and molecule-like spectroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pigliacelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.,Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Angela Acocella
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabel Díez
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Luca Moretti
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Dichiarante
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 16000, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy. .,Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.
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21
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Li JJ, Liu CY, Guan ZJ, Lei Z, Wang QM. Anion‐Directed Regulation of Structures and Luminescence of Heterometallic Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Li
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Zhen Lei
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Tsinghua University Chemistry Department 1 Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District 100084 Beijing CHINA
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22
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Guan ZJ, He RL, Yuan SF, Li JJ, Hu F, Liu CY, Wang QM. Ligand Engineering toward the Trade-Off between Stability and Activity in Cluster Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116965. [PMID: 35014157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the structures, stability and catalysis properties of two Ag21 nanoclusters, namely [Ag21 (H2 BTCA)3 (O2 PPh2 )6 ]SbF6 (1) and [Ag21 (C≡CC6 H3 -3,5-R2 )6 (O2 PPh2 )10 ]SbF6 (2) (H4 BTCA=p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene, R=OMe). Both Ag21 structures possess an identical icosahedral kernel that is surrounded by eight peripheral Ag atoms. Single-crystal structural analysis and ESI-MS revealed that 1 is an 8-electron cluster and 2 has four free electrons. Theoretical results show that the P-symmetry orbitals are found as HOMO-1 and HOMO states in 1, and the frontier unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO, LUMO+1 and LUMO+2) show D-character, indicating 1 is a superatomic cluster with an electronically closed shell 1S2 1P6 , while 2 has an incomplete shell configuration 1S2 1P2 . These two Ag21 clusters show superior stability under ambient conditions, and 1 is robust even at 90 °C in toluene and under oxidative conditions (30 % H2 O2 ). Significantly, 2 exhibits much higher activity than 1 as catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. This work demonstrates that ligands can influence the electronic structures of silver clusters, and further affect their stability and catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Lin He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang MM, Dong XY, Wang YJ, Zang SQ, Mak TC. Recent progress in functional atom-precise coinage metal clusters protected by alkynyl ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Guan Z, He R, Yuan S, Li J, Hu F, Liu C, Wang Q. Ligand Engineering toward the Trade‐Off between Stability and Activity in Cluster Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong‐Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Rui‐Lin He
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Shang‐Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Jiao‐Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Chun‐Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P.R. China
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25
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Li JJ, Liu Z, Guan ZJ, Han XS, Shi WQ, Wang QM. A 59-Electron Non-Magic-Number Gold Nanocluster Au 99(C≡CR) 40 Showing Unexpectedly High Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:690-694. [PMID: 34994558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An atomically resolved gold nanocluster Au99(C≡CC6H3-2,4-F2)40 (Au99) with an unusual 59 valence electrons has been synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that its Au79 kernel is a Au49 Marks decahedron capped by two Au15 units. The surface structure of Au99 consists of 20 linear Au(C≡CR)2 staples. Intercluster interactions are observed between these D5 symmetric clusters. The existence of an unpaired electron is verified by magnetic measurement. Interestingly, this open-shell gold cluster Au99 stays intact in toluene solution at 80 °C for more than a week, and it has good charging-discharging capability under electrochemical conditions. The compact ligand shell protection around the symmetric core accounts for the high stability. This work suggests that geometric factors may play a crucial role in determining the stability of a metal nanocluster, even though the cluster has an open-shell electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Shuang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Qi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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26
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Shi WQ, Guan ZJ, Li JJ, Han XS, Wang QM. Site-Specified Doping of Silver Atoms into Au25 Nanocluster as Directed by Ligand Binding Preference. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5148-5154. [PMID: 35655555 PMCID: PMC9093122 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time site-specific doping of silver into a spherical Au25 nanocluster has been achieved in [Au19Ag6(MeOPhS)17(PPh3)6] (BF4)2 (Au19Ag6) through a dual-ligand coordination strategy. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis shows that the cluster has a distorted centered icosahedral Au@Au6Ag6 core of D3 symmetry, in contrast to the Ih Au@Au12 kernel in the well-known [Au25(SR)18]− (R = CH2CH2Ph). An interesting feature is the coexistence of [Au2(SPhOMe)3] dimeric staples and [P–Au–SPhOMe] semi-staples in the title cluster, due to the incorporation of PPh3. The observation of only one double-charged peak in ESI-TOF-MS confirms the ordered doping of silver atoms. Au19Ag6 is a 6e system showing a distinct absorption spectrum from [Au25(SR)18]−, that is, the HOMO–LUMO transition of Au19Ag6 is optically forbidden due to the P character of the superatomic frontier orbitals. For the first time site-specific doping of silver into a spherical Au25 nanocluster has been achieved in [Au19Ag6(MeOPhS)17(PPh3)6] (BF4)2. It is a 6e system showing quite a different absorption spectrum from [Au25(SR)18]−.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Xu-Shuang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
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27
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Patty JB, Havenridge S, Tietje-Mckinney D, Siegler MA, Singh KK, Hajy Hosseini R, Ghabin M, Aikens CM, Das A. Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of a Chiral Mixed Thiolate/Stibine-Protected Au 18 Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:478-484. [PMID: 34957826 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first example of a chiral mixed thiolate/stibine-protected gold cluster, formulated as Au18(S-Adm)8(SbPh3)4Br2 (where S-Adm = 1-adamantanethiolate). Single crystal X-ray crystallography reveals the origin of chirality in the cluster to be the introduction of the rotating arrangement of Au2(S-Adm)3 and Au(S-Adm)2 staple motifs on an achiral Au13 core and the subsequent capping of the remaining gold atoms by SbPh3 and Br- ligands. Interestingly, the structure and properties of this new Au18 cluster are found to be different from other reported achiral Au18 clusters and the only other stibine-protected [Au13(SbPh3)8Cl4]+ cluster. Detailed analyses on the geometric and electronic structures of the new cluster are carried out to gain insights into its optical properties as well as reactivity and stability of such mixed monolayer-protected clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Patty
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Dylan Tietje-Mckinney
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kundan K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Roumina Hajy Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Mohamed Ghabin
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Anindita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
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28
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Li Y, Zhou M, Jin R. Programmable Metal Nanoclusters with Atomic Precision. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006591. [PMID: 33984169 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the recent establishment of atomically precise nanochemistry, capabilities toward programmable control over the nanoparticle size and structure are being developed. Advances in the synthesis of atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs, 1-3 nm) have been made in recent years, and more importantly, their total structures (core plus ligands) have been mapped out by X-ray crystallography. These ultrasmall Au nanoparticles exhibit strong quantum-confinement effect, manifested in their optical absorption properties. With the advantage of atomic precision, gold-thiolate nanoclusters (Aun (SR)m ) are revealed to contain an inner kernel, Au-S interface (motifs), and surface ligand (-R) shell. Programming the atomic packing into various crystallographic structures of the metal kernel can be achieved, which plays a significant role in determining the optical properties and the energy gap (Eg ) of NCs. When the size increases, a general trend is observed for NCs with fcc or decahedral kernels, whereas those NCs with icosahedral kernels deviate from the general trend by showing comparably smaller Eg . Comparisons are also made to further demonstrate the more decisive role of the kernel structure over surface motifs based on isomeric Au NCs and NC series with evolving kernel or motif structures. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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29
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Ito S, Koyasu K, Takano S, Tsukuda T. Critical Role of CF 3 Groups in the Electronic Stabilization of [PdAu 24(C≡CC 6H 3(CF 3) 2) 18] 2- as Revealed by Gas-Phase Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10417-10421. [PMID: 34672585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of alkynyl ligands with electron-withdrawing nature in the stability of metal clusters was investigated by gas-phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) on heteroleptic cluster anions [PdAu24(C≡CArF)18-x(C≡CPh)x]2- (ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3). Gas-phase PES on the cluster anions with specific x (= 0-6) revealed that electron binding energies decreased linearly with x, indicating that the electron-withdrawing CF3 substituents on the alkynyl ligand played a critical role in the electronic stabilization of [PdAu24(C≡CArF)18]2-. Density functional theory calculations reproduced the decrease of electron binding energies and rationally explained the ligand effect by a mechanism similar to the modulation of the work function of gold films by organic monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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30
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Chen T, Yang S, Li Q, Song Y, Li G, Chai J, Zhu M. A double helical 4H assembly pattern with secondary hierarchical complexity in an Ag 70 nanocluster crystal. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:913-917. [PMID: 34486633 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hierarchical assemblies of well-defined structural nanoclusters can help to better understand those of biologically important molecules such as DNA and proteins. Herein, we disclose the synthesis and characterization of a new silver nanocluster, that is Ag70(SR)42(PPh3)5 (Ag70-TPP). Directed by the ligands, Ag70-TPP nanoclusters undergo self-hierarchical assembly into a highly space-efficient complex secondary structure of a double helical 4H (DH4H) close packing pattern. The chirality of Ag70-TPP, and the van der Waals forces interactions between the ligands are believed to drive its DH4H arrangement, and the observed interlocking of the phosphine ligands of adjacent Ag70-TPP nanoclusters also contributed. Overall, this work has yielded important and unprecedented insights into the internal structure and crystallographic arrangement of nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sha Yang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Qinzhen Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Guang Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
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31
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Hu F, Guan ZJ, Yang G, Wang JQ, Li JJ, Yuan SF, Liang GJ, Wang QM. Molecular Gold Nanocluster Au 156 Showing Metallic Electron Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17059-17067. [PMID: 34609874 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The boundary between molecular and metallic gold nanoclusters is of special interest. The difficulty in obtaining atomically precise nanoclusters larger than 2 nm limits the determination of such a boundary. The synthesis and total structural determination of the largest all-alkynyl-protected gold nanocluster (Ph4P)6[Au156(C≡CR)60] (R = 4-CF3C6H4-) (Au156) are reported. It presents an ideal platform for studying the relationship between the structure and the metallic nature. Au156 has a rod shape with the length and width of the kernel being 2.38 and 2.04 nm, respectively. The cluster contains a concentric Au126 core structure (Au46@Au50@Au30) protected by 30 linear RC≡C-Au-C≡CR staple motifs. It is interesting that Au156 displays multiple excitonic peaks in the steady-state absorption spectrum (molecular) and pump-power-dependent excited-state dynamics as revealed in the transient absorption spectrum (metallic), which indicates that Au156 is a critical crossover cluster for the transition from molecular to metallic state. Au156 is the smallest-sized gold nanocluster showing metal-like electron dynamics, and it is recognized that the cluster shape is one of the important factors determining the molecular or metallic nature of a gold nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyuan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Jie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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32
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Wan X, Wang J, Wang Q. Ligand‐Protected Au
55
with a Novel Structure and Remarkable CO
2
Electroreduction Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian‐Kai Wan
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 P. R. China
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33
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Wan XK, Wang JQ, Wang QM. Ligand-Protected Au 55 with a Novel Structure and Remarkable CO 2 Electroreduction Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20748-20753. [PMID: 34288322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A Au55 nanocluster with the composition of [Au55 (p-MBT)24 (Ph3 P)6 ](SbF6 )3 (p-MBT=4-methylbenzenethiolate) is synthesized via direct reduction of gold-phosphine and gold-thiolate precursors. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that this Au55 nanocluster features a face-centered cubic (fcc) Au55 kernel, different from the well-known two-shell cuboctahedral arrangement in Au55 (Ph3 P)12 Cl6 . The Au55 cluster shows a wide optical absorption band with optical energy gap (Eg =1.28 eV). It is found that the exclusion of chloride is crucial for the formation of the title cluster, otherwise rod-like [Au25 (SR)5 (PPh3 )10 Cl2 ]2+ is obtained. The strategy to run synthetic reaction in the absence of halide leads to new members of phosphine/thiolate co-protected metal nanoclusters. The Au55 nanocluster exhibits high catalytic activity and selectivity for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO; the Faradaic efficiency (FE) reaches 94.1 % at -0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Kai Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
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34
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide an overview of the main avenues that have emerged in gold coordination chemistry during the last years. The unique properties of gold have motivated research in gold chemistry, and especially regarding the properties and applications of gold compounds in catalysis, medicine, and materials chemistry. The advances in the synthesis and knowledge of gold coordination compounds have been possible with the design of novel ligands becoming relevant motifs that have allowed the preparation of elusive complexes in this area of research. Strong donor ligands with easily modulable electronic and steric properties, such as stable singlet carbenes or cyclometalated ligands, have been decisive in the stabilization of gold(0) species, gold fluoride complexes, gold hydrides, unprecedented π complexes, or cluster derivatives. These new ligands have been important not only from the fundamental structure and bonding studies but also for the synthesis of sophisticated catalysts to improve activity and selectivity of organic transformations. Moreover, they have enabled the facile oxidative addition from gold(I) to gold(III) and the design of a plethora of complexes with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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35
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Liu T, Jiang DE. Understanding the interaction between carboxylates and coinage metals from first principles. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:034301. [PMID: 34293880 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylate groups have recently been explored as a new type of ligand to protect superatomic copper and silver nanoclusters, but little is known of the interfacial structure and bonding. Here, we employ density functional theory to investigate the interfaces of a model carboxylate group, CH3COO, on the coinage metal surfaces and clusters. We found that μ2-CH3COO is the most preferred binding mode on the three M(111) surfaces (M = Cu, Ag, and Au), while μ3-CH3COO is also stable on Cu(111) and Ag(111). The saturation coverage was found to be about seven CH3COO groups per nm2 for all surfaces. CH3COO has the strongest binding on Cu and weakest on Au. Moving from the flat surfaces to the icosahedral M13 clusters, we found that the eight-electron superatomic [M13(CH3COO)6]- nanoclusters also prefer the μ2-CH3COO mode on the surface. The icosahedral kernel in [Cu13(CH3COO)6]- and [Ag13(CH3COO)6]- was well maintained after geometry optimization, but a larger deformation was found in [Au13(CH3COO)6]-. Given the broad availability and variety of carboxylic acids including amino acids, our work suggests that carboxylate groups could be the next-generation ligands to further expand the universe of atomically precise metal clusters, especially for Cu and Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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36
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Zhang B, Chen J, Cao Y, Chai OJH, Xie J. Ligand Design in Ligand-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004381. [PMID: 33511773 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of surface ligands is crucial for ligand-protected gold nanoclusters (Au NCs). Besides providing good protection for Au NCs, the surface ligands also play the following two important roles: i) as the outermost layer of Au NCs, the ligands will directly interact with the exterior environment (e.g., solvents, molecules and cells) influencing Au NCs in various applications; and ii) the interfacial chemistry between ligands and gold atoms can determine the structures, as well as the physical and chemical properties of Au NCs. A delicate ligand design in Au NCs (or other metal NCs) needs to consider the covalent bonds between ligands and gold atoms (e.g., gold-sulfur (Au-S) and gold-phosphorus (Au-P) bond), the physics forces between ligands (e.g., hydrophobic and van der Waals forces), and the ionic forces between the functional groups of ligands (e.g., carboxylic (COOH) and amine group (NH2 )); which form the underlying chemistry and discussion focus of this review article. Here, detailed discussions on the effects of surface ligands (e.g., thiolate, phosphine, and alkynyl ligands; or hydrophobic and hydrophilic ligands) on the synthesis, structures, and properties of Au NCs; highlighting the design principles in the surface engineering of Au NCs for diverse emerging applications, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Zhang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
| | - Jishi Chen
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yitao Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Osburg Jin Huang Chai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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37
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Omoda T, Takano S, Tsukuda T. Toward Controlling the Electronic Structures of Chemically Modified Superatoms of Gold and Silver. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2001439. [PMID: 32696588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold/silver clusters protected by organic ligands L, [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z , have gained increasing interest as building units of functional materials because of their novel photophysical and physicochemical properties. The properties of [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z are intimately associated with the quantized electronic structures of the metallic cores, which can be viewed as superatoms from the analogy of naked Au/Ag clusters. Thus, establishment of the correlation between the geometric and electronic structures of the superatomic cores is crucial for rational design and improvement of the properties of [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z . This review article aims to provide a qualitative understanding on how the electronic structures of [(Au/Ag)x Ly ]z are affected by geometric structures of the superatomic cores with a focus on three factors: size, shape, and composition, on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The knowledge accumulated here will constitute a basis for the development of ligand-protected Au/Ag clusters as new artificial elements on a nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Omoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
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38
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Anderson ID, Riskowski RA, Ackerson CJ. Observable but Not Isolable: The RhAu 24 (PET) 181+ Nanocluster. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004078. [PMID: 33174675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of RhAu24 (PET)18 (PET = 2-phenylethanethiol) is described. The cluster is cosynthesized with Au25 (PET)18 and rhodium thiolates in a coreduction of RhCl3 , HAuCl4 , and PET. Rapid decomposition of RhAu24 (PET)18 occurs when purified from the other reaction products, precluding the study of isolated cluster. Mixtures containing RhAu24 (PET)18 , Au25 (PET)18 , and rhodium thiolates are therefore characterized. Mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and chromatography methods suggest a combination of charge-charge and metallophilic interactions among Au25 (PET)181- , rhodium thiolates and RhAu24 (PET)18 resulting in stabilization of RhAu24 (PET)18 . The charge of RhAu24 (PET)18 is assigned as 1+ on the basis of its stoichiometric 1:1 presence with anionic Au25 (PET)18 , and its stability is contextualized within the superatom electron counting rules. This analysis concludes that the Rh atom absorbs one superatomic electron to close its d-shell, giving RhAu24 (PET)181+ a superatomic electron configuration of 1S2 1P4 . Overall, an updated framework for rationalizing open d-shell heterometal dopant electronics in thiolated gold nanoclusters emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ryan A Riskowski
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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39
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Lei Z, Li J, Nan Z, Jiang Z, Wang Q. Cluster From Cluster: A Quantitative Approach to Magic Gold Nanoclusters [Au
25
(SR)
18
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jiao‐Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhan‐Guo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Material College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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40
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Yuan SF, He RL, Han XS, Wang JQ, Guan ZJ, Wang QM. Robust Gold Nanocluster Protected with Amidinates for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14345-14349. [PMID: 33876551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The first all-amidinate-protected gold nanocluster [Au28 (Ph-form)12 ](OTf)2 (Ph-form=N,N'-diphenylformamidinate) (Au28 ) has been synthesized and structurally resolved. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that Au28 has a compact Au4 @Au24 tetrahedral core-shell structure of T symmetry, which is fully protected by 12 bridging formamidinate ligands. This cluster is quite robust as indicated by the fact that it can stay intact in solution at 80 °C for 6 d. It exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the electroreduction of CO2 with 96.5 % Faradaic efficiency (FE) at -0.57 V and a maximum TOF of 1731 h-1 at -0.87 V. Its superior stability is also manifested in the fact that the supported catalyst Au28 /CNTs maintains stable potentials at ca. -0.69 V for 40 h with FE(CO)s>91 %. A superatomic electron configuration of 1S2 1P6 2S2 1D4 has been clarified by DFT computations, and the strong gold-ligand binding and geometric shell closure account for the superior stability of Au28 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Lin He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Shuang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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41
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Kawawaki T, Kataoka Y, Hirata M, Iwamatsu Y, Hossain S, Negishi Y. Toward the creation of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts by controlled ligand desorption from atomically precise metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:409-448. [PMID: 33903861 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal nanoclusters controlled by atomic accuracy (i. e. atomically precise metal NCs) have recently attracted considerable attention as active sites in heterogeneous catalysts. Using these atomically precise metal NCs, it becomes possible to create novel heterogeneous catalysts based on a size-specific electronic/geometrical structure of metal NCs and understand the mechanism of the catalytic reaction easily. However, to create high-performance heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal NCs, it is often necessary to remove the ligands from the metal NCs. This review summarizes previous studies on the creation of heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal NCs while focusing on the calcination as a ligand-elimination method. Through this summary, we intend to share state-of-art techniques and knowledge on (1) experimental conditions suitable for creating high-performance heterogeneous catalysts (e.g., support type, metal NC type, ligand type, and calcination temperature), (2) the mechanism of calcination, and (3) the mechanism of catalytic reaction over the created heterogeneous catalyst. We also discuss (4) issues that should be addressed in the future toward the creation of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts using atomically precise metal NCs. The knowledge and issues described in this review are expected to lead to clear design guidelines for the creation of novel heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan. and Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan and Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Momoko Hirata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yuki Iwamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan. and Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan and Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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42
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Yuan S, He R, Han X, Wang J, Guan Z, Wang Q. Robust Gold Nanocluster Protected with Amidinates for Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang‐Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Rui‐Lin He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xu‐Shuang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zong‐Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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43
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Lei Z, Li JJ, Nan ZA, Jiang ZG, Wang QM. Cluster From Cluster: A Quantitative Approach to Magic Gold Nanoclusters [Au 25 (SR) 18 ] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14415-14419. [PMID: 33829603 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-yield and large-scale synthesis are highly demanded for the studies of gold nanoclusters. We developed a "cluster from cluster" approach to assemble gold nanoclusters with preformed atomically precise Au13 precursors. This facile approach has proved to be very effective in the synthesis of the well-known magic cluster [Au25 (SR)18 ]- , which could prepare the target cluster in high yield (overall yield up to ≈100 %) at large scale (gram-scale based on gold). This method can be applied in the synthesis of 10 Au25 clusters with different R groups. This work presents an important approach that may be extended to high-yield and large-scale synthesis of other metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Guo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Material, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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44
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Liu W, Wang J, Yuan S, Chen X, Wang Q. Chiral Superatomic Nanoclusters Ag
47
Induced by the Ligation of Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Di Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shang‐Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Applied Physics Aalto University Otakaari 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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45
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Shen H, Wei X, Xu C, Jin S, Wang S, Kang X, Zhu M. Cocrystallization-driven stabilization of metastable nanoclusters: a case study of Pd 1Au 9. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7694-7699. [PMID: 33928981 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The structural determination of metastable nanoclusters remains challenging, which impedes the in-depth understanding of their structural evolution. Herein, based on a case study of Pd1Au9, we present a "cocrystallization-driven stabilization" approach to stabilize the metastable nanocluster and then determine its atomically precise structure. The [Pd1Au9(TFPP)7Br2]+ nanocluster is unstable in solution and would spontaneously convert to Pd2Au23(TFPP)10Br7. The introduction of Au11(TFPP)7Br3 nanocluster to the crystallization process of [Pd1Au9(TFPP)7Br2]+ gives rise to the cocrystallized Pd1Au9(TFPP)6Br3@Au11(TFPP)7Br3, although the composition of Pd1Au9 changes from [Pd1Au9(TFPP)7Br2]+ to Pd1Au9(TFPP)6Br3 among this cocrystallization. With this approach, the overall structure of the metastable Pd1Au9 has been determined. Owing to the very similar cluster size and surface ligand environment between Au11 and Pd1Au9, the obtained Pd1Au9@Au11 cocrystal exhibits almost the same cell parameters as those of the single crystalized Au11. Overall, the proposed "cocrystallization-driven stabilization" approach hopefully sheds light on the structural determination of more metastable nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Shuxin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
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46
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Liu W, Wang J, Yuan S, Chen X, Wang Q. Chiral Superatomic Nanoclusters Ag
47
Induced by the Ligation of Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11430-11435. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Di Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shang‐Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Applied Physics Aalto University Otakaari 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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47
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Liu Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Yao Q, Fang S, Zhou X, Yuan X, Xie J. The in situ synthesis of silver nanoclusters inside a bacterial cellulose hydrogel for antibacterial applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:4846-4850. [PMID: 32186318 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An antibacterial Ag nanocluster-based hydrogel (Ag NC@BC) is prepared by the in situ formation of Ag NCs on the nanofibers of a natural bacterial-cellulose (BC) hydrogel. The Ag NC@BC exhibits superior, broad-spectrum antimicrobial performance against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has a long-acting bactericidal efficacy compared to pristine Ag NCs due to its controlled-release feature for Ag species. Moreover, this fabricated hydrogel also possesses excellent biocompatibility. All of these advantages of Ag NC@BC endow it with great potentials in battling bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China.
| | - Ziping Wang
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Shasha Fang
- Key Lab of Biobased Polymer Materials of Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhou
- Key Lab of Biobased Polymer Materials of Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China.
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
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48
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Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Gas-phase studies of chemically synthesized Au and Ag clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:140901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0041812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033,
Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520,
Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033,
Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520,
Japan
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49
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Wang J, Wang ZY, Li SJ, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Carboranealkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters: Size Conversion and UV/Vis-NIR Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5959-5964. [PMID: 33314503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Structure evolution has become an effective way to assemble novel monolayer-protected metal nanomolecules. However, evolution with alkynyl-stabilized metal clusters still remains rarely explored. Herein, we present a carboranealkynyl-protected gold nanocluster [Au28 (C4 B10 H11 )12 (tht)8 ]3+ (Au28 , tht=tetrahydrothiophene) possessing an open-shell electronic structure with 13 free electrons, which was isolated by a facile self-reduction method with 9-HC≡C-closo-1,2-C2 B10 H11 as the two-in-one reducing and protecting agent. Notably, Au28 undergoes a complete transformation in methanol into a stable and smaller-sized nanocluster [Au23 (C4 B10 H11 )9 (tht)6 ]2+ (Au23 ) bearing 12 valence electrons and crystal-field-like split superatomic 1D orbitals. The transformation process was systematically monitored with ESI-MS and UV/Vis absorption spectra. Au28 and Au23 both display optical absorption covering the UV/Vis-NIR range and NIR emission, which facilitates their potential application in the biomedical and photocatalytic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang X, Wang S, Qian S, Liu N, Dou X, Yuan X. Mechanistic insights into the two-phase synthesis of heteroleptic Au nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3512-3518. [PMID: 33565545 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic study on the two-phase synthesis of heteroleptic Au nanoclusters (NCs) is reported here. First, the effects of binary ligands on controlling the size of Au NCs were examined: (1) the binary ligands could exhibit an eclectic effect on the size control of Au NCs if the binding affinities of such hetero-ligands with Au are comparable and (2) the binary ligands could exhibit a competitive effect on the size control of Au NCs, and the size of the Au NCs could be determined by the ligand with stronger binding affinity to Au. This finding is interesting and can shed some light on the design of new functional metal NCs. Secondly, the formation mechanism of the heteroleptic Au NCs that originated from the complex precursors was unprecedentedly studied. The complex precursors of the heteroleptic Au NCs were identified to be the predominant hybridized ligand#1-Au(i)-ligand#2 species, which is helpful for understanding the synthetic mechanisms in depth. Moreover, the growth processes of the heteroleptic Au NCs were also monitored, and some fundamental perceptions about the growth pathway and the structures of the Au NCs were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Shuyu Qian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Naiwei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Dou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Xun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China. and Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669
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