1
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Hanley D, Li ZQ, Gao S, Virgil SC, Arnold FH, Alfonzo E. Stereospecific Enzymatic Conversion of Boronic Acids to Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38958264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Boronic acids and esters are highly regarded for their safety, unique reactivity, and versatility in synthesizing a wide range of small molecules, bioconjugates, and materials. They are not exploited in biocatalytic synthesis, however, because enzymes that can make, break, or modify carbon-boron bonds are rare. We wish to combine the advantages of boronic acids and esters for molecular assembly with biocatalysis, which offers the potential for unsurpassed selectivity and efficiency. Here, we introduce an engineered protoglobin nitrene transferase that catalyzes the new-to-nature amination of boronic acids using hydroxylamine. Initially targeting aryl boronic acids, we show that the engineered enzyme can produce a wide array of anilines with high yields and total turnover numbers (up to 99% yield and >4000 TTN), with water and boric acid as the only byproducts. We also demonstrate that the enzyme is effective with bench-stable boronic esters, which hydrolyze in situ to their corresponding boronic acids. Exploring the enzyme's capacity for enantioselective catalysis, we found that a racemic alkyl boronic ester affords an enantioenriched alkyl amine, a transformation not achieved with chemocatalysts. The formation of an exclusively unrearranged product during the amination of a boronic ester radical clock and the reaction's stereospecificity support a two-electron process akin to a 1,2-metallate shift mechanism. The developed transformation enables new biocatalytic routes for synthesizing chiral amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Hanley
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Zi-Qi Li
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shilong Gao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Scott C Virgil
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Edwin Alfonzo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Mangunuru HPR, Terrab L, Janganati V, Kalikinidi NR, Tenneti S, Natarajan V, Shada ADR, Naini SR, Gajula P, Lee D, Samankumara LP, Mamunooru M, Jayaraman A, Sahani RL, Yin J, Hewa-Rahinduwage CC, Gangu A, Chen A, Wang Z, Desai B, Yue TY, Wannere CS, Armstrong JD, Donsbach KO, Sirasani G, Gupton BF, Qu B, Senanayake CH. Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Amino Alcohol-Containing Compounds Utilizing Ruthenium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Unprotected α-Ketoamines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6085-6099. [PMID: 38648720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a facile synthetic strategy to access an important class of drug molecules that contain chiral 1,2-amino alcohol functionality utilizing highly effective ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unprotected α-ketoamines. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a crisis of shortage of many important drugs, especially norepinephrine and epinephrine, for the treatment of anaphylaxis and hypotension because of the increased demand. Unfortunately, the existing technologies are not fulfilling the worldwide requirement due to the existing lengthy synthetic protocols that require additional protection and deprotection steps. We identified a facile synthetic protocol via a highly enantioselective one-step process for epinephrine and a two-step process for norepinephrine starting from unprotected α-ketoamines 1b and 1a, respectively. This newly developed enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation was extended to the synthesis of many 1,2-amino alcohol-containing drug molecules such as phenylephrine, denopamine, norbudrine, and levisoprenaline, with enantioselectivities of >99% ee and high isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari P R Mangunuru
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Leila Terrab
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Venumadhav Janganati
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | | | - Srinivasarao Tenneti
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Vasudevan Natarajan
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Arun D R Shada
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Santhosh Reddy Naini
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Praveen Gajula
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Daniel Lee
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Lalith P Samankumara
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Manasa Mamunooru
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Aravindan Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Rajkumar Lalji Sahani
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Jinya Yin
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | | | - Aravind Gangu
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Anji Chen
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Zhirui Wang
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Bimbisar Desai
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Tai Y Yue
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Chaitanya S Wannere
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Joseph D Armstrong
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Kai O Donsbach
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Gopal Sirasani
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - B Frank Gupton
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Bo Qu
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Chris H Senanayake
- TCG GreenChem, Inc., 701 Charles Ewing Blvd, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
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3
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Huang H, Zhao DX, Zhao J, Chen X, Liu C, Yang ZZ. Origin of Enantioselectivity in Engineered Cytochrome c-Catalyzed Carbon-Radical FePP Hydrolysis Revealed Using QM/MM (ABEEM Polarizable Force Field) and MD Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3807-3823. [PMID: 38605466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The origin of highly efficient asymmetric aminohydroxylation of styrene catalyzed by engineered cytochrome c is investigated by the developed Atom-Bond Electronegativity Equalization Method polarizable force field (ABEEM PFF), which is a combined outcome of electronic and steric effects. Model molecules were used to establish the charge parameters of the ABEEM PFF, for which the bond-stretching and angle-bending parameters were obtained by using a combination of modified Seminario and scan methods. The interactions between carbon-radical Fe-porphyrin (FePP) and waters are simulated by molecular dynamics, which shows a clear preference for the pre-R over the pre-S. This preference is attributed to the hydrogen-bond between the mutated 100S and 101P residues as well as van der Waals interactions, enforcing a specific conformation of the carbon-radical FePP complex within the binding pocket. Meanwhile, the hydrogen-bond between water and the nitrogen atom in the active intermediate dictates the stereochemical outcome. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM (ABEEM PFF)) and free-energy perturbation calculations elucidate that the 3RTS is characterized by sandwich-like structure among adjacent amino acid residues, which exhibits greater stability than crowed arrangement in 3STS and enables the R enantiomer to form more favorably. Thus, this study provides mechanistic insight into the catalytic reaction of hemoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xia Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Cui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
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4
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Madiu R, Dellosso B, Doran EL, Doran JM, Pinarci AA, TenHoeve TM, Howard AM, Stroud JL, Rivera DA, Moskovitz DA, Finneran SJ, Singer AN, Rossi ME, Moura-Letts G. Synthesis of aminoalcohols from substituted alkenes via tungstenooxaziridine catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2300-2306. [PMID: 38410027 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report the WO2Dipic(H2O) promoted oxyamination of alkenes using sulfonamides as the quantitative source of N. The reaction works for activated and unactivated alkenes in high yields, diastereoselectivities, and stereospecificity. A catalytic cycle involving the formation of tungstenooxaziridine complex 1 as the active catalyst and hydrolysis of tungstenooxazolidine intermediate A as the rate-determining-step has been proposed. Initial kinetic and competition experiments provide evidence for the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufai Madiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Brandon Dellosso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Erin L Doran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Jenna M Doran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Ali A Pinarci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Tyler M TenHoeve
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Amari M Howard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - James L Stroud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Dominic A Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Dylan A Moskovitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Steven J Finneran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Alyssa N Singer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Morgan E Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Gustavo Moura-Letts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd., Glassboro, NJ, USA.
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5
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Yin HN, Wang PC, Liu Z. Recent advances in biocatalytic C-N bond-forming reactions. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107108. [PMID: 38244379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Molecules containing C-N bonds are of paramount importance in a diverse array of organic-based materials, natural products, pharmaceutical compounds, and agricultural chemicals. Biocatalytic C-N bond-forming reactions represent powerful strategies for producing these valuable targets, and their significance in the field of synthetic chemistry has steadily increased over the past decade. In this review, we provide a concise overview of recent advancements in the development of C-N bond-forming enzymes, with a particular emphasis on the inherent chemistry involved in these enzymatic processes. Overall, these enzymatic systems have proven their potential in addressing long-standing challenges in traditional small-molecule catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ning Yin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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6
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Tinzl M, Diedrich JV, Mittl PRE, Clémancey M, Reiher M, Proppe J, Latour JM, Hilvert D. Myoglobin-Catalyzed Azide Reduction Proceeds via an Anionic Metal Amide Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1957-1966. [PMID: 38264790 PMCID: PMC10811658 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitrene transfer reactions catalyzed by heme proteins have broad potential for the stereoselective formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds. However, competition between productive nitrene transfer and the undesirable reduction of nitrene precursors limits the broad implementation of such biocatalytic methods. Here, we investigated the reduction of azides by the model heme protein myoglobin to gain mechanistic insights into the factors that control the fate of key reaction intermediates. In this system, the reaction proceeds via a proposed nitrene intermediate that is rapidly reduced and protonated to give a reactive ferrous amide species, which we characterized by UV/vis and Mössbauer spectroscopies, quantum mechanical calculations, and X-ray crystallography. Rate-limiting protonation of the ferrous amide to produce the corresponding amine is the final step in the catalytic cycle. These findings contribute to our understanding of the heme protein-catalyzed reduction of azides and provide a guide for future enzyme engineering campaigns to create more efficient nitrene transferases. Moreover, harnessing the reduction reaction in a chemoenzymatic cascade provided a potentially practical route to substituted pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tinzl
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes V. Diedrich
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU
Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peer R. E. Mittl
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Université
Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des
Métaux, 17 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054 Cedex, France
| | - Markus Reiher
- Institute
for Molecular Physical Science, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonny Proppe
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU
Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Université
Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des
Métaux, 17 Rue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38054 Cedex, France
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Mahajan M, Mondal B. How Axial Coordination Regulates the Electronic Structure and C-H Amination Reactivity of Fe-Porphyrin-Nitrene? JACS AU 2023; 3:3494-3505. [PMID: 38155653 PMCID: PMC10751768 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Detailed electronic structure and its correlation with the intramolecular C-H amination reactivity of Fe-porphyrin-nitrene intermediates bearing different "axial" coordination have been investigated using multiconfigurational complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF), N-electron valence perturbation theory (NEVPT2), and hybrid density functional theory (DFT-B3LYP) calculations. Three types of "axial" coordination, -OMe/-O(H)Me (1-Sul/2-Sul), -SMe/-S(H)Me (3-Sul/4-Sul), and -NMeIm (MeIm = 3-methyl-imidazole) (5-Sul) mimicking serine, cysteine, and histidine, respectively, along with no axial coordination (6-Sul) have been considered to decipher how the "axial" coordination of different strengths regulates the electronic integrity of the Fe-N core and nitrene-transfer reactivity of Fe-porphyrin-nitrene intermediates. CASSCF-based natural orbitals reveal two distinct classes of electronic structures: Fe-nitrenes (1-Sul and 3-Sul) with relatively stronger axial coordination (-OMe and -SMe) display "imidyl" nature and those (2-Sul, 4-Sul, and 6-Sul) with weaker axial coordination (-O(H)Me, -S(H)Me and no axial coordination) exhibit "imido-like" character. A borderline between the two classes is also observed with NMeIm axial coordination (5-Sul). Axial coordination of different strengths not only regulates the electronic structure but also modulates the Fe-3d orbital energies, as revealed through the d-d transition energies obtained by CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations. The relatively lower energy of Fe-3dz2 orbital allows easy access to low-lying high-spin quintet states in the cases of weaker "axial" coordination (2-Sul, 4-Sul, and 6-Sul), and the associated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity appears to involve two-state triplet-quintet reactivity through minimum energy crossing point (3,5MECP) between the spin states. In stark contrast, Fe-nitrenes with relatively stronger "axial" coordination (1-Sul and 3-Sul) undergo triplet-only HAT reactivity. Overall, this in-depth electronic structure investigation and HAT reactivity evaluation reveal that the weaker axial coordination in Fe-porphyrin-nitrene complexes (2-Sul, 4-Sul, and 6-Sul) can promote more efficient C-H oxidation through the quintet spin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Mahajan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Bhaskar Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
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8
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Fanourakis A, Phipps RJ. Catalytic, asymmetric carbon-nitrogen bond formation using metal nitrenoids: from metal-ligand complexes via metalloporphyrins to enzymes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12447-12476. [PMID: 38020383 PMCID: PMC10646976 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of nitrogen atoms into small molecules is of fundamental importance and it is vital that ever more efficient and selective methods for achieving this are developed. With this aim, the potential of nitrene chemistry has long been appreciated but its application has been constrained by the extreme reactivity of these labile species. This liability however can be attenuated by complexation with a transition metal and the resulting metal nitrenoids have unique and highly versatile reactivity which includes the amination of certain types of aliphatic C-H bonds as well as reactions with alkenes to afford aziridines. At least one new chiral centre is typically formed in these processes and the development of catalysts to exert control over enantioselectivity in nitrenoid-mediated amination has become a growing area of research, particularly over the past two decades. Compared with some synthetic methods, metal nitrenoid chemistry is notable in that chemists can draw from a diverse array of metals and catalysts , ranging from metal-ligand complexes, bearing a variety of ligand types, via bio-inspired metalloporphyrins, all the way through to, very recently, engineered enzymes themselves. In the latter category in particular, rapid progress is being made, the rate of which suggests that this approach may be instrumental in addressing some of the outstanding challenges in the field. This review covers key developments and strategies that have shaped the field, in addition to the latest advances, up until September 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fanourakis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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9
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Gao S, Das A, Alfonzo E, Sicinski KM, Rieger D, Arnold FH. Enzymatic Nitrogen Incorporation Using Hydroxylamine. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20196-20201. [PMID: 37671894 PMCID: PMC10560455 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine-derived reagents have enabled versatile nitrene transfer reactions for introducing nitrogen-containing functionalities in small-molecule catalysis, as well as biocatalysis. These reagents, however, result in a poor atom economy and stoichiometric organic waste. Activating hydroxylamine (NH2OH) for nitrene transfer offers a low-cost and sustainable route to amine synthesis, since water is the sole byproduct. Despite its presence in nature, hydroxylamine is not known to be used for enzymatic nitrogen incorporation in biosynthesis. Here, we report an engineered heme enzyme that can utilize hydroxylammonium chloride, an inexpensive commodity chemical, for nitrene transfer. Directed evolution of Pyrobaculum arsenaticum protoglobin generated efficient enzymes for benzylic C-H primary amination and styrene aminohydroxylation. Mechanistic studies supported a stepwise radical pathway involving rate-limiting hydrogen atom transfer. This unprecedented activity is a useful addition to the "nitrene transferase" repertoire and hints at possible future discovery of natural enzymes that use hydroxylamine for amination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Gao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Edwin Alfonzo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Sicinski
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dominic Rieger
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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10
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Zhang Y, Chu JM. Computational Mechanistic Investigations of Biocatalytic Nitrenoid C-H Functionalizations via Engineered Heme Proteins. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300260. [PMID: 37134298 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Engineered heme proteins were developed to possess numerous excellent biocatalytic nitrenoid C-H functionalizations. Computational approaches such as density functional theory (DFT), hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM), and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were employed to help understand some important mechanistic aspects of these heme nitrene transfer reactions. This review summarizes advances of computational reaction pathway results of these biocatalytic intramolecular and intermolecular C-H aminations/amidations, focusing on mechanistic origins of reactivity, regioselectivity, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity as well as effects of substrate substituent, axial ligand, metal center, and protein environment. Some important common and distinctive mechanistic features of these reactions were also described with brief outlook of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Jia-Min Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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11
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Oku N, Miura T. Cu-Catalyzed Double C(sp 3)-H Functionalization of Ethylarenes to Form Arylethanolamines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37163526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A double C(sp3)-H functionalization of ethylarenes with alcohols and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide is reported. The reaction proceeds in three stages. (1) Cu-catalyzed benzylic alkoxylation of ethylarenes gives 1-(1-alkoxyethyl)benzenes. (2) The resulting 1-(1-alkoxyethyl)benzenes are gradually converted into vinylarenes. (3) Cu-catalyzed aminoalkoxylation of the intermediary vinylarenes yields arylethanolamines. Overall, the C-N and C-O bonds are introduced regioselectively at the homobenzylic and benzylic positions of ethylarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Oku
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoya Miura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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12
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Gao Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Hu XQ. Nitrene transfer reaction with hydroxylamine derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1889-1906. [PMID: 36661267 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress on catalytic nitrene transfer reactions with hydroxylamine derivatives as prevalent precursors is summarized in this highlight. The salient features of these N-O derived nitrene transfer reagents are that they are readily available, bench-stable, and can be facilely activated by a range of transition metal-catalysts under mild conditions. The application of these reagents in transition metal-catalysis has led to many new amidation or amination reactions, such as C-H insertions and aziridination of olefins. These reagents have also been applied in difunctionalisation of unsaturated bonds, dearomative amination of indoles, and formation of N-X bonds. Moreover, the recent achievements in photocatalysis and enzyme catalysis further emphasize the importance of these appealing reagents. This highlight provides an overview of these reactions reported in recent years. Challenges and potential opportunities for future developments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang 515200, China.
| | - Haixia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yupeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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13
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Zhou Y, Ni J, Lyu Z, Li Y, Wang T, Cheng GJ. Mechanism and Reaction Channels of Iron-Catalyzed Primary Amination of Alkenes by Hydroxylamine Reagents. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhen Lyu
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yang Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
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14
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Boullé A, Doumbia A, Mahy JP, Avenier F. Unprotected amine transfer performed by non-heme iron(II) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 59:79-81. [PMID: 36468296 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04992a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Direct amination of C-H or CC bonds using unprotected amino groups is very challenging, especially with earth abundant metal ions. Here we show that a bioinspired iron(II) complex catalyses the double amination of its dangling benzyl branch in the presence of hydroxylamine derivatives as the unprotected amine donor and that the replacement of the benzyl branch by a methyl group also allows the aziridination of styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Boullé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 17, Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Aminata Doumbia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 17, Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Mahy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 17, Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Frédéric Avenier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 17, Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
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15
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Singer RA, Monfette S, Bernhardson D, Tcyrulnikov S, Hubbell AK, Hansen EC. Recent Advances in Nonprecious Metal Catalysis. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Singer
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sebastien Monfette
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Bernhardson
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sergei Tcyrulnikov
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aran K. Hubbell
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric C. Hansen
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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16
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Yang X, Hong K, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Zhou S, Huang J, Xu X, Hu W. Asymmetric Three-Component Reaction of Two Diazo Compounds and Hyrdroxylamine Derivatives for the Access to Chiral α-Alkoxy-β-amino-carboxylates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangji Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kemiao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sujie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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17
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Van Stappen C, Deng Y, Liu Y, Heidari H, Wang JX, Zhou Y, Ledray AP, Lu Y. Designing Artificial Metalloenzymes by Tuning of the Environment beyond the Primary Coordination Sphere. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11974-12045. [PMID: 35816578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes catalyze a variety of reactions using a limited number of natural amino acids and metallocofactors. Therefore, the environment beyond the primary coordination sphere must play an important role in both conferring and tuning their phenomenal catalytic properties, enabling active sites with otherwise similar primary coordination environments to perform a diverse array of biological functions. However, since the interactions beyond the primary coordination sphere are numerous and weak, it has been difficult to pinpoint structural features responsible for the tuning of activities of native enzymes. Designing artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) offers an excellent basis to elucidate the roles of these interactions and to further develop practical biological catalysts. In this review, we highlight how the secondary coordination spheres of ArMs influence metal binding and catalysis, with particular focus on the use of native protein scaffolds as templates for the design of ArMs by either rational design aided by computational modeling, directed evolution, or a combination of both approaches. In describing successes in designing heme, nonheme Fe, and Cu metalloenzymes, heteronuclear metalloenzymes containing heme, and those ArMs containing other metal centers (including those with non-native metal ions and metallocofactors), we have summarized insights gained on how careful controls of the interactions in the secondary coordination sphere, including hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions, allow the generation and tuning of these respective systems to approach, rival, and, in a few cases, exceed those of native enzymes. We have also provided an outlook on the remaining challenges in the field and future directions that will allow for a deeper understanding of the secondary coordination sphere a deeper understanding of the secondary coordintion sphere to be gained, and in turn to guide the design of a broader and more efficient variety of ArMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yunling Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hirbod Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aaron P Ledray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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18
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Recent developments in promiscuous enzymatic reactions for carbon-nitrogen bond formation. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106014. [PMID: 35841668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic promiscuity is a new field of enzyme application in biochemistry, which has received much attention and has developed rapidly in recent years. The promiscuous biocatalysis has been promoted as a useful supplement to traditional strategy for the formation of C-heteroatom bonds. The generation of carbon-nitrogen (CN) bonds is an important issue in synthetic chemistry and is indispensable for the manufacturing of various pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Therefore, numerous efficient and reliable synthetic methods for the formation of CN bonds have been developed in recent years. Enzymatic CN bond forming reactions catalyzed by lipases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glycosyltransferases, amine dehydrogenases, proteases, acylases, amylases and halohydrin dehalogenases are well established for synthetic purposes. This review introduces the recent progress in the construction of CN bonds using promiscuous enzymes.
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19
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Wang Z, Li X, Li Z. Engineering of cascade reactions and alditol oxidase for high‐yielding synthesis of (R)‐phenylethanolamine from styrene, ʟ‐phenylalanine, glycerol or glucose. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Xirui Li
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Zhi Li
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 4 Engineering Drive 4, #03-03 117576 Singapore SINGAPORE
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20
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Liu Y, Lai KL, Vong K. Transition Metal Scaffolds Used To Bring New‐to‐Nature Reactions into Biological Systems. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ka Lun Lai
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Kenward Vong
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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21
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Yan Y, Wu J, Hu G, Gao C, Guo L, Chen X, Liu L, Song W. Current state and future perspectives of cytochrome P450 enzymes for C–H and C=C oxygenation. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:887-899. [PMID: 35601824 PMCID: PMC9112060 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) catalyze a series of C–H and C=C oxygenation reactions, including hydroxylation, epoxidation, and ketonization. They are attractive biocatalysts because of their ability to selectively introduce oxygen into inert molecules under mild conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the C–H and C=C oxygenation reactions catalyzed by CYPs and the various strategies for achieving higher selectivity and enzymatic activity. Furthermore, we discuss the application of C–H and C=C oxygenation catalyzed by CYPs to obtain the desired chemicals or pharmaceutical intermediates in practical production. The rapid development of protein engineering for CYPs provides excellent biocatalysts for selective C–H and C=C oxygenation reactions, thereby promoting the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Corresponding author.
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22
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Li Y, Hu N, Xu Z, Cui Y, Feng J, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of N-Substituted 1,2-Amino Alcohols from Simple Aldehydes and Amines by One-Pot Sequential Enzymatic Hydroxymethylation and Asymmetric Reductive Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116344. [PMID: 35166000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The chiral N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohol motif is found in many natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. In this study, enzymatic asymmetric reductive amination of α-hydroxymethyl ketones with enantiocomplementary imine reductases (IREDs) enabled the synthesis of chiral N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohols with excellent ee values (91-99 %) in moderate to high yields (41-84 %). Furthermore, a one-pot, two-step enzymatic process involving benzaldehyde lyase-catalyzed hydroxymethylation of aldehydes and subsequent asymmetric reductive amination was developed, offering an environmentally friendly and economical way to produce N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohols from readily available simple aldehydes and amines. This methodology was then applied to rapidly access a key synthetic intermediate of anti-malaria and cytotoxic tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zefei Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
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23
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Corrado ML, Knaus T, Schwaneberg U, Mutti FG. High-Yield Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,2-Amino Alcohols from l-Phenylalanine via Linear and Divergent Enzymatic Cascades. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2085-2095. [PMID: 35873603 PMCID: PMC9295148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Enantiomerically
pure 1,2-amino alcohols are important compounds
due to their biological activities and wide applications in chemical
synthesis. In this work, we present two multienzyme pathways for the
conversion of l-phenylalanine into either 2-phenylglycinol
or phenylethanolamine in the enantiomerically pure form. Both pathways
start with the two-pot sequential four-step conversion of l-phenylalanine into styrene via subsequent deamination, decarboxylation,
enantioselective epoxidation, and enantioselective hydrolysis. For
instance, after optimization, the multienzyme process could convert
507 mg of l-phenylalanine into (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-diol
in an overall isolated yield of 75% and >99% ee. The opposite enantiomer,
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-diol, was also obtained in a 70%
yield and 98–99% ee following the same approach. At this stage,
two divergent routes were developed to convert the chiral diols into
either 2-phenylglycinol or phenylethanolamine. The former route consisted
of a one-pot concurrent interconnected two-step cascade in which the
diol intermediate was oxidized to 2-hydroxy-acetophenone by an alcohol
dehydrogenase and then aminated by a transaminase to give enantiomerically
pure 2-phenylglycinol. Notably, the addition of an alanine dehydrogenase
enabled the connection of the two steps and made the overall process
redox-self-sufficient. Thus, (S)-phenylglycinol was
isolated in an 81% yield and >99.4% ee starting from ca. 100 mg
of
the diol intermediate. The second route consisted of a one-pot concurrent
two-step cascade in which the oxidative and reductive steps were not
interconnected. In this case, the diol intermediate was oxidized to
either (S)- or (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetaldehyde
by an alcohol oxidase and then aminated by an amine dehydrogenase
to give the enantiomerically pure phenylethanolamine. The addition
of a formate dehydrogenase and sodium formate was required to provide
the reducing equivalents for the reductive amination step. Thus, (R)-phenylethanolamine was isolated in a 92% yield and >99.9%
ee starting from ca. 100 mg of the diol intermediate. In summary, l-phenylalanine was converted into enantiomerically pure 2-phenylglycinol
and phenylethanolamine in overall yields of 61% and 69%, respectively.
This work exemplifies how linear and divergent enzyme cascades can
enable the synthesis of high-value chiral molecules such as amino
alcohols from a renewable material such as l-phenylalanine
with high atom economy and improved sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Corrado
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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24
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Li Y, Hu N, Xu Z, Cui Y, Feng J, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of
N
‐Substituted 1,2‐Amino Alcohols from Simple Aldehydes and Amines by One‐Pot Sequential Enzymatic Hydroxymethylation and Asymmetric Reductive Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Na Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zefei Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
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25
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Cao L, Zhou P, Hu J, Huang L, Feng H. Accessing N‐Propargyl Amino Alcohols through Cu(I)‐Catalyzed A
3
‐Coupling/Annulation and Bi(III)‐Promoted Ring‐Opening. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Junduo Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Liliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA Institute for Frontier Medical Technology Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
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26
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Chatterjee S, Harden I, Bistoni G, Castillo RG, Chabbra S, van Gastel M, Schnegg A, Bill E, Birrell JA, Morandi B, Neese F, DeBeer S. A Combined Spectroscopic and Computational Study on the Mechanism of Iron-Catalyzed Aminofunctionalization of Olefins Using Hydroxylamine Derived N-O Reagent as the "Amino" Source and "Oxidant". J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2637-2656. [PMID: 35119853 PMCID: PMC8855425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we study
the mechanism of iron-catalyzed direct synthesis
of unprotected aminoethers from olefins by a hydroxyl amine derived
reagent using a wide range of analytical and spectroscopic techniques
(Mössbauer, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Ultra-Violet Visible
Spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption, Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy,
and resonance Raman) along with high-level quantum chemical calculations.
The hydroxyl amine derived triflic acid salt acts as the “oxidant”
as well as “amino” group donor. It activates the high-spin
Fe(II) (St = 2) catalyst [Fe(acac)2(H2O)2] (1) to generate
a high-spin (St = 5/2) intermediate (Int I), which decays to a second intermediate (Int II) with St = 2. The analysis of spectroscopic
and computational data leads to the formulation of Int I as [Fe(III)(acac)2-N-acyloxy] (an alkyl-peroxo-Fe(III)
analogue). Furthermore, Int II is formed by N–O
bond homolysis. However, it does not generate a high-valent
Fe(IV)(NH) species (a Fe(IV)(O) analogue), but instead a high-spin
Fe(III) center which is strongly antiferromagnetically coupled (J = −524 cm–1) to an iminyl radical,
[Fe(III)(acac)2-NH·], giving St = 2. Though Fe(NH) complexes as isoelectronic surrogates
to Fe(O) functionalities are known, detection of a high-spin Fe(III)-N-acyloxy intermediate (Int I), which undergoes
N–O bond cleavage to generate the active iron–nitrogen
intermediate (Int II), is unprecedented. Relative to
Fe(IV)(O) centers, Int II features a weak elongated Fe–N
bond which, together with the unpaired electron density along the
Fe–N bond vector, helps to rationalize its propensity for N-transfer reactions onto styrenyl olefins, resulting in
the overall formation of aminoethers. This study thus demonstrates
the potential of utilizing the iron-coordinated nitrogen-centered
radicals as powerful reactive intermediates in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ingolf Harden
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rebeca G Castillo
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sonia Chabbra
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - James A Birrell
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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27
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Yisimayili N, Liu H, Yao Y, Lu CD. α-Hydroxylation of α,α-Disubstituted N- tert-Butanesulfinyl Ketimines with Molecular Oxygen: Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Tertiary Hydroxyimines. Org Lett 2021; 24:746-751. [PMID: 34967645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Tertiary hydroxyimines were stereoselectively synthesized from enantioenriched N-tert-butanesulfinyl ketimines using potassium tert-butoxide, molecular oxygen, and trimethyl phosphite. The stereoselective hydroxylation of acyclic ketimines bearing two sterically similar α-substituents was achieved by controlling the geometry of the metalloenamine intermediates and the facial selectivity of hydroxylation. The synthetic utility of the resulting α-tertiary hydroxyimines was demonstrated through the successful diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted β-amino alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuermaimaiti Yisimayili
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yun Yao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chong-Dao Lu
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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28
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Pounder A, Tam W. Iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2848-2893. [PMID: 34956407 PMCID: PMC8685557 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of environmentally benign, inexpensive, and earth-abundant metal catalysts is desirable from both an ecological and economic standpoint. Certainly, in the past couple decades, iron has become a key player in the development of sustainable coupling chemistry and has become an indispensable tool in organic synthesis. Over the last ten years, organic chemistry has witnessed substantial improvements in efficient synthesis because of domino reactions. These protocols are more atom-economic, produce less waste, and demand less time compared to a classical stepwise reaction. Although iron-catalyzed domino reactions require a mindset that differs from the more routine noble-metal, homogenous iron catalysis they bear the chance to enable coupling reactions that rival that of noble-metal-catalysis. This review provides an overview of iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems. The classifications and reactivity paradigms examined should assist readers and provide guidance for the design of novel domino reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pounder
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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29
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Jinan D, Mondal PP, Nair AV, Sahoo B. O-Protected NH-free hydroxylamines: emerging electrophilic aminating reagents for organic synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13495-13505. [PMID: 34842254 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this highlight, O-protected NH-free hydroxylamine derivatives have been evaluated in the construction of nitrogen-enriched compounds, such as primary amines, amides, and N-heterocycles, with high regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity in the unprotected form, showcasing the late-stage functionalization of natural products, drugs and functional molecules by biocatalysis, organocatalysis, and transition metal catalysis. The reactivity dichotomy among these N-O reagents has been explored based on SET and metal-nitrenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsha Jinan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Pinku Prasad Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Anagha Veluthanath Nair
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
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30
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Hirose J, Wakikawa T, Satake S, Kojima M, Hatano M, Ishihara K, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Cp*Rh III/Chiral Disulfonate/CuOAc Catalyst System for the Enantioselective Intramolecular Oxyamination of Alkenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Hirose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takumi Wakikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shun Satake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Manabu Hatano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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31
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Athavale SV, Gao S, Liu Z, Mallojjala SC, Hirschi JS, Arnold FH. Biocatalytic, Intermolecular C-H Bond Functionalization for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24864-24869. [PMID: 34534409 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution of heme proteins has opened access to new-to-nature enzymatic activity that can be harnessed to tackle synthetic challenges. Among these, reactions resulting from active site iron-nitrenoid intermediates present a powerful strategy to forge C-N bonds with high site- and stereoselectivity. Here we report a biocatalytic, intermolecular benzylic C-H amidation reaction operating at mild and scalable conditions. With hydroxamate esters as nitrene precursors, feedstock aromatic compounds can be converted to chiral amides with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99 % ee) and high yields (up to 87 %). Kinetic and computational analysis of the enzymatic reaction reveals rate-determining nitrenoid formation followed by stepwise hydrogen atom transfer-mediated C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra V Athavale
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Shilong Gao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | | | - Jennifer S Hirschi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902, USA
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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32
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Athavale SV, Gao S, Liu Z, Mallojjala SC, Hirschi JS, Arnold FH. Biocatalytic, Intermolecular C−H Bond Functionalization for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra V. Athavale
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Shilong Gao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | | | | | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 Pasadena California 91125 USA
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33
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Coin G, Latour JM. Nitrene transfers mediated by natural and artificial iron enzymes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111613. [PMID: 34634542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amines are ubiquitous in biology and pharmacy. As a consequence, introducing N functionalities in organic molecules is attracting strong continuous interest. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of very efficient and selective catalytic systems achieving this goal thanks to engineered hemoproteins. In this review, we examine how these enzymes have been engineered focusing rather on the rationale behind it than the methodology employed. These studies are put in perspective with respect to in vitro and in vivo nitrene transfer processes performed by cytochromes P450. An emphasis is put on mechanistic aspects which are confronted to current molecular knowledge of these reactions. Forthcoming developments are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Coin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, DIESE, LCBM, pmb, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5250, DCM, CIRE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, DIESE, LCBM, pmb, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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34
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Guo Z, Xie J, Hu T, Chen Y, Tao H, Yang X. Kinetic resolution of N-aryl β-amino alcohols via asymmetric aminations of anilines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9394-9397. [PMID: 34528982 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient kinetic resolution of N-aryl β-amino alcohols has been developed via asymmetric para-aminations of anilines with azodicarboxylates enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. Broad substrate scope and high kinetic resolution performances were afforded with this method. Control experiments supported the critical roles of the NH and OH group in these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinglei Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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35
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Huang H, Zhao D, Yang Z. Theoretical
s
tudy of enantioenriched aminohydroxylation of styrene catalyzed by an engineered hemoprotein. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| | - Dong‐Xia Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| | - Zhong‐Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
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36
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Mumford EM, Hemric BN, Denmark SE. Catalytic, Enantioselective Syn-Oxyamination of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13408-13417. [PMID: 34375090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective 1,2-oxyamination of alkenes using selenium(II/IV) catalysis with a chiral diselenide catalyst is reported. This method uses N-tosylamides to generate oxazoline products that are useful both as protected 1,2-amino alcohol motifs and as chiral ligands. The reaction proceeds in good yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity for a variety of alkenes and pendant functional groups such as sulfonamides, alkyl halides, and glycol-protected ketones. Furthermore, the rapid generation of oxazoline products is demonstrated in the expeditious assembly of chiral PHOX ligands as well as diversely protected amino alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mumford
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brett N Hemric
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Tang M, Gu H, He S, Rajkumar S, Yang X. Asymmetric Enamide–Imine Tautomerism in the Kinetic Resolution of Tertiary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Tang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Huanchao Gu
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Shunlong He
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Subramani Rajkumar
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
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38
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Martínez-Montero L, Tischler D, Süss P, Schallmey A, Franssen MCR, Hollmann F, Paul CE. Asymmetric azidohydroxylation of styrene derivatives mediated by a biomimetic styrene monooxygenase enzymatic cascade. Catal Sci Technol 2021; 11:5077-5085. [PMID: 34381590 PMCID: PMC8328376 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00855b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enantioenriched azido alcohols are precursors for valuable chiral aziridines and 1,2-amino alcohols, however their chiral substituted analogues are difficult to access. We established a cascade for the asymmetric azidohydroxylation of styrene derivatives leading to chiral substituted 1,2-azido alcohols via enzymatic asymmetric epoxidation, followed by regioselective azidolysis, affording the azido alcohols with up to two contiguous stereogenic centers. A newly isolated two-component flavoprotein styrene monooxygenase StyA proved to be highly selective for epoxidation with a nicotinamide coenzyme biomimetic as a practical reductant. Coupled with azide as a nucleophile for regioselective ring opening, this chemo-enzymatic cascade produced highly enantioenriched aromatic α-azido alcohols with up to >99% conversion. A bi-enzymatic counterpart with halohydrin dehalogenase-catalyzed azidolysis afforded the alternative β-azido alcohol isomers with up to 94% diastereomeric excess. We anticipate our biocatalytic cascade to be a starting point for more practical production of these chiral compounds with two-component flavoprotein monooxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lía Martínez-Montero
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Philipp Süss
- Enzymicals AG Walther-Rathenau-Straße 49a 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Anett Schallmey
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig Spielmannstraße 7 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Maurice C R Franssen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
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39
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Tang M, Gu H, He S, Rajkumar S, Yang X. Asymmetric Enamide-Imine Tautomerism in the Kinetic Resolution of Tertiary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21334-21339. [PMID: 34312956 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for kinetic resolution of tertiary alcohols has been developed through an unprecedented asymmetric enamide-imine tautomerism process enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. A broad range of racemic 2-arylsulfonamido tertiary allyl alcohols could be kinetically resolved with excellent kinetic resolution performances (with s-factor up to >200). This method is particularly effective for a series of 1,1-dialkyl substituted allyl alcohols, which produced chiral tertiary alcohols that would be difficult to access via other asymmetric methods. Facile and versatile transformations of the chiral α-hydroxy imine and enamide products, especially the efficient stereodivergent synthesis of all four stereoisomers of β-amino tertiary alcohols using one enantiomer of the catalyst, demonstrated the value of this kinetic resolution method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Tang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huanchao Gu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shunlong He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Subramani Rajkumar
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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40
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Liu Z, Arnold FH. New-to-nature chemistry from old protein machinery: carbene and nitrene transferases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:43-51. [PMID: 33370622 PMCID: PMC8225731 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemoprotein-catalyzed carbene and nitrene transformations have emerged as powerful tools for constructing complex molecules; they also nicely illustrate how new protein catalysts can emerge, evolve and diversify. These laboratory-invented enzymes exploit the ability of proteins to tame highly reactive carbene and nitrene species and direct their fates with high selectivity. New-to-nature carbene and nitrene transferases catalyze many useful reactions, including some that have no precedent using chemical methods. Here we cover recent advances in this field, including alkyne cyclopropenation, arene cyclopropanation, carbene CH insertion, intramolecular nitrene CH insertion, alkene aminohydroxylation, and primary amination. For such transformations, biocatalysts have exceeded the performance of reported small-molecule catalysts in terms of selectivity and catalyst turnovers. Finally, we offer our thoughts on using these new enzymatic reactions in chemical synthesis, integrating them into biological pathways and chemo-enzymatic cascades, and on their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 210-41, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 210-41, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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41
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Tan X, Zhang S, Song W, Liu J, Gao C, Chen X, Liu L, Wu J. A multi-enzyme cascade for efficient production of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine from L-tyrosine. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:41. [PMID: 38650231 PMCID: PMC10991500 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a four-enzyme cascade pathway was developed and reconstructed in vivo for the production of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine (D-HPG), a valuable intermediate used to produce β-lactam antibiotics and in fine-chemical synthesis, from L-tyrosine. In this pathway, catalytic conversion of the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxalate by meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgDAPDH) was identified as the rate-limiting step, followed by application of a mechanism-guided "conformation rotation" strategy to decrease the hydride-transfer distance d(C6HDAP-C4NNADP) and increase CgDAPDH activity. Introduction of the best variant generated by protein engineering (CgDAPDHBC621/D120S/W144S/I169P with 5.32 ± 0.85 U·mg-1 specific activity) into the designed pathway resulted in a D-HPG titer of 42.69 g/L from 50-g/L L-tyrosine in 24 h, with 92.5% conversion, 71.5% isolated yield, and > 99% enantiomeric excess in a 3-L fermenter. This four-enzyme cascade provides an efficient enzymatic approach for the industrial production of D-HPG from cheap amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Tianrui Chemical Co., Ltd, Quzhou, 324400, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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42
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Corrado ML, Knaus T, Mutti FG. High Regio- and Stereoselective Multi-enzymatic Synthesis of All Phenylpropanolamine Stereoisomers from β-Methylstyrene. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2345-2350. [PMID: 33880862 PMCID: PMC8359840 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a one‐pot cascade for the synthesis of phenylpropanolamines (PPAs) in high optical purities (er and dr up to >99.5 %) and analytical yields (up to 95 %) by using 1‐phenylpropane‐1,2‐diols as key intermediates. This bioamination entails the combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an ω‐transaminase (ωTA) and an alanine dehydrogenase to create a redox‐neutral network, which harnesses the exquisite and complementary regio‐ and stereo‐selectivities of the selected ADHs and ωTAs. The requisite 1‐phenylpropane‐1,2‐diol intermediates were obtained from trans‐ or cis‐β‐methylstyrene by combining a styrene monooxygenase with epoxide hydrolases. Furthermore, in selected cases, the envisioned cascade enabled to obtain the structural isomer (1S,2R)‐1‐amino‐1‐phenylpropan‐2‐ol in high optical purity (er and dr >99.5 %). This is the first report on an enzymatic method that enables to obtain all of the four possible PPA stereoisomers in great enantio‐ and diastereo‐selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Corrado
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco G Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-Biocat, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Li J, Yuan Y, Bao X, Sang T, Yang J, Huo C. Visible-Light-Induced Intermolecular Oxyimination of Alkenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:3712-3717. [PMID: 33843240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An intermolecular vicinal O-N difunctionalization reaction of olefins with oxime esters through energy transfer catalysis has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Tongzhi Sang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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44
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Tb2(WO4)3@N-GQDs-FA as an efficient nanocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of β-aminoalcohols in aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Yang Y, Arnold FH. Navigating the Unnatural Reaction Space: Directed Evolution of Heme Proteins for Selective Carbene and Nitrene Transfer. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1209-1225. [PMID: 33491448 PMCID: PMC7931446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
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Despite the astonishing diversity of naturally
occurring biocatalytic
processes, enzymes do not catalyze many of the transformations favored
by synthetic chemists. Either nature does not care about the specific
products, or if she does, she has adopted a different synthetic strategy.
In many cases, the appropriate reagents used by synthetic chemists
are not readily accessible to biological systems. Here, we discuss
our efforts to expand the catalytic repertoire of enzymes to encompass
powerful reactions previously known only in small-molecule catalysis:
formation and transfer of reactive carbene and nitrene intermediates
leading to a broad range of products, including products with bonds
not known in biology. In light of the structural similarity of iron
carbene (Fe=C(R1)(R2)) and iron nitrene
(Fe=NR) to the iron oxo (Fe=O) intermediate involved
in cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation, we have used synthetic carbene
and nitrene precursors that biological systems have not encountered
and repurposed P450s to catalyze reactions that are not known in the
natural world. The resulting protein catalysts are fully genetically
encoded and function in intact microbial cells or cell-free lysates,
where their performance can be improved and optimized by directed
evolution. By leveraging the catalytic promiscuity of P450 enzymes,
we evolved a range of carbene and nitrene transferases exhibiting
excellent activity toward these new-to-nature reactions. Since our
initial report in 2012, a number of other heme proteins including
myoglobins, protoglobins, and cytochromes c have
also been found and engineered to promote unnatural carbene and nitrene
transfer. Due to the altered active-site environments, these heme
proteins often displayed complementary activities and selectivities
to P450s. Using wild-type and engineered heme proteins, we and
others have
described a range of selective carbene transfer reactions, including
cyclopropanation, cyclopropenation, Si–H insertion, B–H
insertion, and C–H insertion. Similarly, a variety of asymmetric
nitrene transfer processes including aziridination, sulfide imidation,
C–H amidation, and, most recently, C–H amination have
been demonstrated. The scopes of these biocatalytic carbene and nitrene
transfer reactions are often complementary to the state-of-the-art
processes based on small-molecule transition-metal catalysts, making
engineered biocatalysts a valuable addition to the synthetic chemist’s
toolbox. Moreover, enabled by the exquisite regio- and stereocontrol
imposed by the enzyme catalyst, this biocatalytic platform provides
an exciting opportunity to address challenging problems in modern
synthetic chemistry and selective catalysis, including ones that have
eluded synthetic chemists for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 210-41, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 210-41, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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46
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Wang H, Wu L, Zheng B, Du L, To W, Ko C, Phillips DL, Che C. C−H Activation by an Iron‐Nitrido Bis‐Pocket Porphyrin Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Wai‐Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Cheng‐Hoi Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chi‐Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation Shenzhen China
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47
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Wang HX, Wu L, Zheng B, Du L, To WP, Ko CH, Phillips DL, Che CM. C-H Activation by an Iron-Nitrido Bis-Pocket Porphyrin Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4796-4803. [PMID: 33205509 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-valent iron-nitrido species are nitrogen analogues of iron-oxo species which are versatile reagents for C-H oxidation. Nonetheless, C-H activation by iron-nitrido species has been scarcely explored, as this is often hampered by their instability and short lifetime in solutions. Herein, the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity of an Fe porphyrin nitrido species (2 c) toward C-H substrates was studied in solutions at room temperature, which was achieved by nanosecond laser flash photolysis (LFP) of its FeIII -azido precursor (1 c) supported by a bulky bis-pocket porphyrin ligand. C-H bonds with bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of up to ≈84 kcal mol-1 could be activated, and the second-order rate constants (k2 ) are on the order of 102 -104 s-1 m-1 . The Fe-amido product formed after HAT could further release ammonia upon protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lili Du
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Hoi Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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48
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Vong K, Nasibullin I, Tanaka K. Exploring and Adapting the Molecular Selectivity of Artificial Metalloenzymes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenward Vong
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Igor Nasibullin
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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49
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Marshall JR, Mangas-Sanchez J, Turner NJ. Expanding the synthetic scope of biocatalysis by enzyme discovery and protein engineering. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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Wata C, Hashimoto T. Organoiodine-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular Oxyamination of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1745-1751. [PMID: 33482057 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free, catalytic enantioselective intermolecular oxyamination of alkenes is realized by use of organoiodine(I/III) chemistry. The protocol is applicable toward aryl- and alkyl-substituted alkenes with high enantioselectivity and electronically controlled regioselectivity. The oxyaminated products can be easily deprotected in one step to reveal free amino alcohols in high yields without loss of enantioselectivity. A key to our success is the discovery of a virtually unexplored chemical entity, N-(fluorosulfonyl)carbamate, as a bifunctional N,O-nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Wata
- Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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