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Puzzarini C, Alessandrini S. Interstellar Ices: A Factory of the Origin-of-Life Molecules. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:13-15. [PMID: 38292599 PMCID: PMC10823504 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Puzzarini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Alessandrini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Marks J, Wang J, Sun BJ, McAnally M, Turner AM, Chang AHH, Kaiser RI. Thermal Synthesis of Carbamic Acid and Its Dimer in Interstellar Ices: A Reservoir of Interstellar Amino Acids. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2241-2250. [PMID: 38161363 PMCID: PMC10755733 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reactions in interstellar ices are shown to be capable of producing key prebiotic molecules without energetic radiation that are necessary for the origins of life. When present in interstellar ices, carbamic acid (H2NCOOH) can serve as a condensed-phase source of the molecular building blocks for more complex proteinogenic amino acids. Here, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during heating of analogue interstellar ices composed of carbon dioxide and ammonia identifies the lower limit for thermal synthesis to be 62 ± 3 K for carbamic acid and 39 ± 4 K for its salt ammonium carbamate ([H2NCOO-][NH4+]). While solvation increases the rates of formation and decomposition of carbamic acid in ice, the absence of solvent effects after sublimation results in a significant barrier to dissociation and a stable gas-phase molecule. Photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry permits an unprecedented degree of sensitivity toward gaseous carbamic acid and demonstrates sublimation of carbamic acid from decomposition of ammonium carbamate and again at higher temperatures from carbamic acid dimers. Since the dimer is observed at temperatures up to 290 K, similar to the environment of a protoplanetary disk, this dimer is a promising reservoir of amino acids during the formation of stars and planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
H. Marks
- W.
M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i
at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Jia Wang
- W.
M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i
at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Bing-Jian Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Mason McAnally
- W.
M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i
at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Andrew M. Turner
- W.
M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i
at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Agnes H.-H. Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- W.
M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i
at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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3
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Cheng Y, Xu W, Hou J, Kang P. Temperature-Dependent Electrosynthesis of C 2 Oxygenates from Oxalic Acid Using Gallium Tin Oxides. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jing Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Unraveling sulfur chemistry in interstellar carbon oxide ices. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7150. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFormyl radical (HCO•) and hydroxycarbonyl radical (HOCO•) are versatile building blocks in the formation of biorelevant complex organic molecules (COMs) in interstellar medium. Understanding the chemical pathways for the formation of HCO• and HOCO• starting with primordial substances (e.g., CO and CO2) is of vital importance in building the complex network of prebiotic chemistry. Here, we report the efficient formation of HCO• and HOCO• in the photochemistry of hydroxidooxidosulfur radical (HOSO•)–a key intermediate in SO2 photochemistry–in interstellar analogous ices of CO and CO2 at 16 K through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions. Specifically, 266 nm laser photolysis of HOSO• embedded in solid CO ice yields the elusive hydrogen‑bonded complexes HCO•···SO2 and HOCO•···SO, and the latter undergoes subsequent HAT to furnish CO2···HOS• under the irradiation conditions. Similar photo-induced HAT of HOSO• in solid CO2 ice leads to the formation of HOCO•···SO2. The HAT reactions of HOSO• in astronomical CO and CO2 ices by forming reactive acyl radicals may contribute to understanding the interplay between the sulfur and carbon ice-grain chemistry in cold molecular clouds and also in the planetary atmospheric chemistry.
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Lu B, Jiang X, Zeng X. Photolytic insertion of carbon monoxide into nitrosyl chloride: formation of nitrosoformyl chloride. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17673-17678. [PMID: 35837884 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02913h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosocarbonyls are exotic intermediates that remain scarcely characterized. By UV photolysis (365 nm) of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO) embedded in solid CO ice at 20 K, the elusive nitrosoformyl chloride (ClC(O)NO) has been synthesized via CO-insertion into the Cl-N bond in ClNO. The characterization of ClC(O)NO with matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy is supported by 13C and 15N isotope labeling and quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df) level of theory. Upon subsequent laser irradiation at 266 nm, CO-elimination in ClC(O)NO occurs by reformation of ClNO. In line with the calculated potential energy surface for ClC(O)NO at the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311+G(3df) level, the observed IR frequencies and the corresponding isotopic shifts coincide with the calculated values for the lowest-energy planar conformer, in which the CO and NO moities adopt trans configuration with respect to the C-N bond. Furthermore, the CO-insertion in ClNO involves a stepwise pathway by first homolytic cleavage of the Cl-N bond in ClNO (→ Cl˙ + ˙NO), followed by successive CO-trapping (CO + Cl˙ → ClCO˙) and radical combination (ClCO˙ + ˙NO → ClC(O)NO) inside the solid CO-matrix cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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6
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Martínez RF, Cuccia LA, Viedma C, Cintas P. On the Origin of Sugar Handedness: Facts, Hypotheses and Missing Links-A Review. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2022; 52:21-56. [PMID: 35796896 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-022-09624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By paraphrasing one of Kipling's most amazing short stories (How the Leopard Got His Spots), this article could be entitled "How Sugars Became Homochiral". Obviously, we have no answer to this still unsolved mystery, and this perspective simply brings recent models, experiments and hypotheses into the homochiral homogeneity of sugars on earth. We shall revisit the past and current understanding of sugar chirality in the context of prebiotic chemistry, with attention to recent developments and insights. Different scenarios and pathways will be discussed, from the widely known formose-type processes to less familiar ones, often viewed as unorthodox chemical routes. In particular, problems associated with the spontaneous generation of enantiomeric imbalances and the transfer of chirality will be tackled. As carbohydrates are essential components of all cellular systems, astrochemical and terrestrial observations suggest that saccharides originated from environmentally available feedstocks. Such substances would have been capable of sustaining autotrophic and heterotrophic mechanisms integrating nutrients, metabolism and the genome after compartmentalization. Recent findings likewise indicate that sugars' enantiomeric bias may have emerged by a transfer of chirality mechanisms, rather than by deracemization of sugar backbones, yet providing an evolutionary advantage that fueled the cellular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fernando Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica E Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Cambio Climático Y Sostenibilidad, (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Louis A Cuccia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), FRQNT, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Cristóbal Viedma
- Department of Crystallography and Mineralogy, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica E Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Cambio Climático Y Sostenibilidad, (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
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7
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Singh SK, Vuppuluri V, Sun BJ, Chang BY, Eckhardt AK, Son SF, Chang AHH, Kaiser RI. Identification of Elusive Keto and Enol Intermediates in the Photolysis of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazinane. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6062-6069. [PMID: 34169725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enols have emerged as critical reactive intermediates in combustion processes and in fundamental molecular mass growth processes in the interstellar medium, but the elementary reaction pathways to enols in extreme environments, such as during the decomposition of molecular energetic materials, are still elusive. Here, we report on the original identification of the enol and keto isomers of oxy-s-triazine, as well as its deoxygenated derivative 1,3,5-triazine, formed in the photodecomposition processes of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX)-a molecular energetic material. The identification was facilitated by exploiting isomer-selective tunable photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS) in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. The present study reports the first experimental evidence of an enol intermediate in the dissociation domain of a nitramine-based energetic material. Our investigations suggest that the enols like 1,3,5-triazine-2-ol could be the source of hydroxyl radicals, and their inclusion in the theoretical models is important to understand the unprecedented chemistry of explosive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Vasant Vuppuluri
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bing-Jian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven F Son
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Agnes H H Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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8
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Turner AM, Chandra S, Fortenberry RC, Kaiser RI. A Photoionization Reflectron Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Study on the Detection of Ethynamine (HCCNH 2 ) and 2H-Azirine (c-H 2 CCHN). Chemphyschem 2021; 22:985-994. [PMID: 33797172 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ices of acetylene (C2 H2 ) and ammonia (NH3 ) were irradiated with energetic electrons to simulate interstellar ices processed by galactic cosmic rays in order to investigate the formation of C2 H3 N isomers. Supported by quantum chemical calculations, experiments detected product molecules as they sublime from the ices using photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS). Isotopically-labeled ices confirmed the C2 H3 N assignments while photon energies of 8.81 eV, 9.80 eV, and 10.49 eV were utilized to discriminate isomers based on their known ionization energies. Results indicate the formation of ethynamine (HCCNH2 ) and 2H-azirine (c-H2 CCHN) in the irradiated C2 H2 :NH3 ices, and the energetics of their formation mechanisms are discussed. These findings suggest that these two isomers can form in interstellar ices and, upon sublimation during the hot core phase, could be detected using radio astronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.,W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Sankhabrata Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.,W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, 38677-1848, USA
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.,W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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9
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Weber JM, Barge LM. Iron‐Silicate Chemical Garden Morphology and Silicate Reactivity with Alpha‐Keto Acids. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Weber
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena CA, 91109 USA
| | - Laura M. Barge
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena CA, 91109 USA
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10
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Gurusinghe RM, Dias N, Broderick BM. Buffer gas cooling for sensitive rotational spectroscopy of ice chemistry: A proposal. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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12
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Yuan Z, Liao J, Jiang H, Cao P, Li Y. Aldehyde catalysis - from simple aldehydes to artificial enzymes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35433-35448. [PMID: 35515689 PMCID: PMC9056934 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemists have been learning and mimicking enzymatic catalysis in various aspects of organic synthesis. One of the major goals is to develop versatile catalysts that inherit the high catalytic efficiency of enzymatic processes, while being effective for a broad scope of substrates. In this field, the study of aldehyde catalysts has achieved significant progress. This review summarizes the application of aldehydes as sustainable and effective catalysts in different reactions. The fields, in which the aldehydes successfully mimic enzymatic systems, include light energy absorption/transfer, intramolecularity introduction through tether formation, metal binding for activation/orientation and substrate activation via aldimine formation. Enantioselective aldehyde catalysis has been achieved with the development of chiral aldehyde catalysts. Direct simplification of aldehyde-dependent enzymes has also been investigated for the synthesis of noncanonical chiral amino acids. Further development in aldehyde catalysis is expected, which might also promote exploration in fields related to prebiotic chemistry, early enzyme evolution, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
| | - Jun Liao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Undisclosed Pharmaceutical Company Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
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13
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Singh SK, Tsai TY, Sun BJ, Chang AHH, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Gas Phase Identification of the Elusive N-Hydroxyoxaziridine (c-H 2CON(OH)): A Chiral Molecule. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5383-5389. [PMID: 32527090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hitherto elusive N-hydroxyoxaziridine molecule (c-H2CON(OH)), a chiral, high energy isomer of nitromethane (CH3NO2) and one of the simplest representatives of an oxaziridine, is detected in the gas phase. Electronic structure calculations propose an impending synthesis eventually via addition of carbene (CH2) to the nitrogen-oxygen double bond of nitrous acid (HONO). The oxaziridine ring demonstrates an unusual kinetic stability toward ring opening compared to the isoeletronic cyclopropane (C3H6) counterpart. This system defines a fundamental benchmark to explore the formation and stability of racemic derivatives of strained oxaziridines (c-H2CONH) and changes our perception how we think about fundamental decomposition and isomerization mechanisms in (model compounds of) energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tang-Yu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Jian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Agnes H H Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- W. M. Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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14
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Qian W, Chu X, Song C, Wu Z, Jiao M, Liu H, Zou B, Rauhut G, Tew DP, Wang L, Zeng X. Hydrogen-Atom Tunneling in Metaphosphorous Acid. Chemistry 2020; 26:8205-8209. [PMID: 32302021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metaphosphorous acid (HOPO), a key intermediate in phosphorus chemistry, has been generated in syn- and anti-conformations in the gas phase by high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) of a molecular precursor ethoxyphosphinidene oxide (EtOPO→C2 H4 +HOPO) at ca. 1000 K and subsequently trapped in an N2 -matrix at 2.8 K. Unlike the two conformers of the nitrogen analogue HONO, the anti-conformer of HOPO undergoes spontaneous rotamerization at 2.8 K via hydrogen-atom tunneling (HAT) with noticeable kinetic isotope effects for H/D (>104 for DOPO) and 16 O/18 O (1.19 for H18 OPO and 1.06 for HOP18 O) in N2 -matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Qian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Xianxu Chu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - David P Tew
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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15
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Ventura ON. From science-fiction to present life. Phys Life Rev 2020; 32:121-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Dongapure P, Bagchi S, Mayadevi S, Devi RN. Variations in activity of Ru/TiO2 and Ru/Al2O3 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation: An investigation by in-situ infrared spectroscopy studies. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Singh SK, Zhu C, Vuppuluri V, Son SF, Kaiser RI. Probing the Reaction Mechanisms Involved in the Decomposition of Solid 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane by Energetic Electrons. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9479-9497. [PMID: 31589046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The decomposition mechanisms of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) have been explored over the past decades, but as of now, a complete picture on these pathways has not yet emerged, as evident from the discrepancies in proposed reaction mechanisms and the critical lack of products and intermediates observed experimentally. This study exploited a surface science machine to investigate the decomposition of solid-phase RDX by energetic electrons at a temperature of 5 K. The products formed during irradiation were monitored online and in situ via infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy, and products subliming in the temperature programmed desorption phase were probed with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with soft photoionization at 10.49 eV (ReTOF-MS-PI). Infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), dinitrogen oxide (N2O), nitrogen monoxide (NO), formaldehyde (H2CO), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). ReTOF-MS-PI identified 38 cyclic and acyclic products arranged into, for example, dinitro, mononitro, mononitroso, nitro-nitroso, and amines species. Among these molecules, 21 products such as N-methylnitrous amide (CH4N2O), 1,3,5-triazinane (C3H9N3), and N-(aminomethyl)methanediamine (C2H9N3) were detected for the first time in laboratory experiments; mechanisms based on the gas phase and condensed phase calculations were exploited to rationalize the formation of the observed products. The present studies reveal a rich, unprecedented chemistry in the condensed phase decomposition of RDX, which is significantly more complex than the unimolecular gas phase decomposition of RDX, thus leading us closer to an understanding of the decomposition chemistry of nitramine-based explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasant Vuppuluri
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue Energetics Research Center , Purdue University , 500 Allison Road , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907-2088 , United States
| | - Steven F Son
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue Energetics Research Center , Purdue University , 500 Allison Road , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907-2088 , United States
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