1
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Hu Y, Zhao Y, Peng JF, Dong L, Xu YJ. Synthesis of Nitrones and Nitroalkanes via Chiral Cyclic Imines. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38805677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A series of structurally chiral cyclic imines efficiently yields chiral nitrones and nitroalkanes. This is the first report of the synthesis of nitro groups by C═N bond cleavage of imines through a nitrone intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Jun-Feng Peng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
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2
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Griffiths CM, Franckevičius V. The Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Acyclic Enolates for the Construction of Quaternary and Tetrasubstituted Stereogenic Centres. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304289. [PMID: 38284328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
To facilitate the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals, the demand for novel stereofunctionalised building blocks has never been greater. Whilst molecules bearing quaternary and tetrasubstituted stereogenic centres are ideally suited to explore untapped areas of chemical space, the asymmetric construction ofsterically congested carbon centres remains a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis. The enantioselective assembly of acyclic stereogenic centres is even more demanding due to the need to restrict a much wider range of geometries and conformations of the intermediates involved. In this context, the catalytic asymmetric allylicalkylation (AAA) of acyclic prochiral nucleophiles, namely enolates, has become an indispensable tool to access a range of linearα-quaternary andα-tetrasubstituted carbonyl compounds. However, unlike the AAA of cyclic enolates with a fixed enolate geometry, to achieve high levels of stereocontrol in the AAA of acyclic enolates, the stereoselectivity of enolisation must be considered. The aim of this review is to offer acomprehensivediscussion of catalytic AAA reactions of acyclic prochiral enolates and their analogues to generate congested quaternary and tetrasubstituted chiral centres using metal, non-metal and dual catalysis, with particular focus given to the control of enolate geometry and its impact on the stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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3
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Wang P, Zhu L, Wang J, Tao Z. Catalytic Asymmetric α-Alkylation of Ketones with Unactivated Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27211-27217. [PMID: 38061195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic, enantioselective method for direct α-alkylation of ketones with unactivated alkyl halides is realized by employing an α-enolizable ketone in a nickel-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling reaction. The key to the success is attributed to a unique bimetallic ligand. A variety of acyclic ketones and unactivated alkyl iodides can serve as suitable substrates under mild conditions to generate chiral ketones with α-quaternary carbon stereocenters in high yields with good enantioselectivities. A range of transformations based on the ketone moiety are also demonstrated to show the potential application of this method. Preliminary mechanistic studies support a dinickel-catalyzed cross-coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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4
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Lorea B, García-Urricelqui A, Odriozola JM, Razkin J, Espinal-Viguri M, Oiarbide M, Mielgo A, García JM, Palomo C. Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Unactivated α-Branched Nitroalkanes to Afford Optically Active Tertiary Nitrocompounds. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38009850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The direct, asymmetric conjugate addition of unactivated α-branched nitroalkanes is developed based on the combined use of chiral amine/ureidoaminal bifunctional catalysts and a tunable acrylate template to provide tertiary nitrocompounds in 55-80% isolated yields and high enantioselectivity (e.r. up to 96:4). Elaboration of the ketol moiety in thus obtained adducts allows a fast entry to not only carboxylic and aldehyde derivatives but also nitrile compounds and enantioenriched 5,5-disubstituted γ-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beñat Lorea
- Departamento de Ciencias, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ane García-Urricelqui
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José M Odriozola
- Departamento de Ciencias, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Razkin
- Departamento de Ciencias, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maialen Espinal-Viguri
- Departamento de Ciencias, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Oiarbide
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antonia Mielgo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús M García
- Departamento de Ciencias, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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5
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Joseph E, Hernandez RD, Tunge JA. Cobalt-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylations: Development and Mechanistic Studies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302174. [PMID: 37467152 PMCID: PMC10592299 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a concerted drive to develop methods that are greener and more sustainable. Being an earth-abundant transition metal, cobalt offers an attractive substitute for commonly employed precious metal catalysts, though reactions engaging cobalt are still less developed. Herein, we report a method to achieve the decarboxylative allylation of nitrophenyl alkanes, nitroalkanes, and ketones employing cobalt. The reaction allows for the formation of various substituted allylated products in moderate-excellent yields with a broad scope. Additionally, the synthetic potential of the methodology is demonstrated by the transformation of products into versatile heterocyclic motifs. Mechanistic studies revealed an in situ activation of the Co(II)/dppBz precatalyst by the carboxylate salt to generate a Co(I)-species, which is presumed to be the active catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebbin Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Rd., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Rafael D. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Rd., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jon A. Tunge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Rd., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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6
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Fu H, Qiao T, Carceller JM, MacMillan SN, Hyster TK. Asymmetric C-Alkylation of Nitroalkanes via Enzymatic Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:787-793. [PMID: 36608280 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary nitroalkanes and the corresponding α-tertiary amines represent important motifs in bioactive molecules and natural products. The C-alkylation of secondary nitroalkanes with electrophiles is a straightforward strategy for constructing tertiary nitroalkanes; however, controlling the stereoselectivity of this type of reaction remains challenging. Here, we report a highly chemo- and stereoselective C-alkylation of nitroalkanes with alkyl halides catalyzed by an engineered flavin-dependent "ene"-reductase (ERED). Directed evolution of the old yellow enzyme from Geobacillus kaustophilus provided a triple mutant, GkOYE-G7, capable of synthesizing tertiary nitroalkanes in high yield and enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the excitation of an enzyme-templated charge-transfer complex formed between the substrates and cofactor is responsible for radical initiation. Moreover, a single-enzyme two-mechanism cascade reaction was developed to prepare tertiary nitroalkanes from simple nitroalkenes, highlighting the potential to use one enzyme for two mechanistically distinct reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigen Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Tianzhang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jose M Carceller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States.,Institute of Chemical Technology (ITQ), Universitat Politècnica de València, València 46022, Spain
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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7
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Stivala CE, Zbieg JR, Liu P, Krische MJ. Chiral Amines via Enantioselective π-Allyliridium- C, O-Benzoate-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation: Student Training via Industrial-Academic Collaboration. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2138-2147. [PMID: 35830564 PMCID: PMC9608351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCyclometalated π-allyliridium-C,O-benzoate complexes discovered in the Krische laboratory display unique amphiphilic properties, catalyzing both nucleophilic carbonyl allylation and electrophilic allylation of diverse amines as well as nitronates. Given the importance of chiral amines in FDA-approved small-molecule drugs, a collaboration with medicinal chemists at Genentech that included on-site graduate student internships was undertaken to explore and expand the scope of π-allyliridium-C,O-benzoate-catalyzed allylic amination and related processes. As described in this Account, our collective experimental studies have unlocked asymmetric allylic aminations of exceptionally broad utility and scope. Specifically, using racemic branched alkyl-substituted allylic acetate proelectrophiles, primary and secondary aliphatic or aromatic amines, including indoles, engage in highly regio- and enantioselective allylic amination. Additionally, unactivated nitronates were found to be competent nucleophilic partners for regio- and enantioselective allylic alkylation, enabling entry to β-stereogenic α-quaternary primary amines. Notably, these π-allyliridium-C,O-benzoate-catalyzed allylic substitutions, which display complete branched regioselectivity in reactions of alkyl-substituted allyl electrophiles, complement the scope of corresponding iridium phosphoramidite-catalyzed allylic aminations, which require aryl-substituted allyl electrophiles to promote high levels of branched regioselectivity. Computational, kinetic, ESI-CID-MS, and isotopic labeling studies were undertaken to understand the mechanism of these processes, including the origins of regio- and enantioselectivity. Isotopic labeling studies suggest that C-N bond formation occurs through outer-sphere addition to the π-allyl. DFT calculations corroborate C-N bond formation via outer-sphere addition and suggest that early transition states and distinct trans effects of diastereomeric chiral-at-iridium π-allyl complexes render the reaction less sensitive to steric effects, accounting for complete levels of branched regioselectivity in reactions of hindered amine and nitronate nucleophiles. Reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) reveals a zero-order dependence on allyl acetate, a first-order dependence on the catalyst, and a fractional-order dependence on the amine. As corroborated by ESI-CID-MS analysis, the 0.4 kinetic order dependence on the amine may reflect the intervention of cesium-bridged amine dimers, which dissociate to form monomeric cesium amide nucleophiles. Hence, the requirement of cesium carbonate (vs lower alkali metal carbonates) in these processes may reside in cesium's capacity for Lewis acid-enhanced Brønsted acidification of the amine pronucleophile. Beyond the development of catalytic processes for the synthesis of novel chiral amines, the present research was conducted by graduate students who benefited from career development experiences associated with training in both academic and industrial laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Stivala
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason R Zbieg
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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8
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Zhao C, Li T, Khan I, Zhang YJ. Pd‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Bis‐Allylic Substitution of Allylic Dicarbonates with Arylated Nitromethanes: A Route to 1,2‐Oxazine N‐Oxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ijaz Khan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yong Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai CHINA
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9
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Yu X, Zhang T, Liu J, Li X. Recent Advances in the Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1533-3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPalladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation (DAAA) provides an efficient and powerful strategy to construct quaternary stereocenters, which are widely present in biologically active natural products and approved drugs. In this short review, we summarize recent developments (since 2018) in the facile synthesis of quaternary stereocenters via DAAA methods. Several representative examples of the use of DAAA strategies for the total synthesis of complex natural products further demonstrate its synthetic potential in the realm of organic and medicinal chemistry.1 Introduction2 Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Palladium Catalyzed DAAA3 Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Pd-Catalyzed Interceptive DAAA4 Application of DAAA in Natural Product Synthesis5 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Jitian Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
- Suzhou Institute of Shandong University
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10
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Doyle MGJ, Gabbey AL, McNutt W, Lundgren RJ. Enantioselective Tertiary Electrophile (Hetero)Benzylation: Pd‐Catalyzed Substitution of Isoprene Monoxide with Arylacetates**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. J. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Alexis L. Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Wesley McNutt
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Rylan J. Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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11
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Doyle MGJ, Gabbey AL, McNutt W, Lundgren RJ. Enantioselective Tertiary Electrophile (Hetero)Benzylation: Pd-Catalyzed Substitution of Isoprene Monoxide with Arylacetates*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26495-26499. [PMID: 34658132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective generation of quaternary carbon centers remains challenging but is of growing importance for the preparation of functional molecules. Metal catalyzed allylic alkylations of tertiary electrophiles can provide access to these substructures but remain generally incompatible with organometallic benzyl nucleophiles. Here we demonstrate that electron-deficient arylacetates can serve as benzyl nucleophile surrogates to generate enantioenriched acyclic molecules containing a quaternary carbon center via a two-step substitution-decarboxylation process using isoprene monoxide. Products are often obtained in >90 % ee using a commercially available catalyst. An array of electron-withdrawing functional groups on the arylacetate moiety are tolerated. The lactone generated by the initial substitution reaction can be used in further stereoselective transformations to prepare molecules with acyclic vicinal quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G J Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wesley McNutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rylan J Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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12
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Xue S, Lücht A, Benet-Buchholz J, Kleij AW. Pd/Cu Dual-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Functional All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters from Vinyl Carbonates. Chemistry 2021; 27:10107-10114. [PMID: 33955608 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The challenging metal-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of highly functional quaternary carbon centers using decarboxylative C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond formation reactions is reported. The key substrate, a vinyl cyclic carbonate, is activated to provide concomitantly both the requisite nucleophile (by formal umpolung) and electrophile reaction partner preceding the asymmetric cross-coupling process. A wide screening of reaction conditions, additives and catalyst precursors afforded a protocol that gave access to a series of compounds featuring densely functionalized, elusive quaternary carbon stereocenters in appreciable yield and with enantiomeric ratios (er's) of up to 90 : 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Xue
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexander Lücht
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Jung WO, Mai BK, Spinello BJ, Dubey ZJ, Kim SW, Stivala CE, Zbieg JR, Liu P, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylation of Nitroalkanes: Entry to β-Stereogenic α-Quaternary Primary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9343-9349. [PMID: 34152145 PMCID: PMC8284932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first systematic study of simple nitronate nucleophiles in iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation is described. Using a tol-BINAP-modified π-allyliridium C,O-benzoate catalyst, α,α-disubstituted nitronates substitute racemic branched alkyl-substituted allylic acetates, thus providing entry to β-stereogenic α-quaternary primary amines. DFT calculations reveal early transition states that render the reaction less sensitive to steric effects and distinct trans-effects of diastereomeric chiral-at-iridium π-allyl complexes that facilitate formation of congested tertiary-quaternary C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Ok Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Brian J Spinello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary J Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Craig E Stivala
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason R Zbieg
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Pàmies O, Margalef J, Cañellas S, James J, Judge E, Guiry PJ, Moberg C, Bäckvall JE, Pfaltz A, Pericàs MA, Diéguez M. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4373-4505. [PMID: 33739109 PMCID: PMC8576828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review compiles the evolution, mechanistic understanding, and more recent advances in enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution and decarboxylative and oxidative allylic substitutions. For each reaction, the catalytic data, as well as examples of their application to the synthesis of more complex molecules, are collected. Sections in which we discuss key mechanistic aspects for high selectivity and a comparison with other metals (with advantages and disadvantages) are also included. For Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution, the catalytic data are grouped according to the type of nucleophile employed. Because of the prominent position of the use of stabilized carbon nucleophiles and heteronucleophiles, many chiral ligands have been developed. To better compare the results, they are presented grouped by ligand types. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative reactions are mainly promoted by PHOX or Trost ligands, which justifies organizing this section in chronological order. For asymmetric oxidative allylic substitution the results are grouped according to the type of nucleophile used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Margalef
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery
Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jinju James
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eric Judge
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Moberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel. St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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15
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Lynch CC, Balaraman K, Wolf C. Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Amination with Isatins, Sulfonamides, Imides, Amines, and N-Heterocycles. Org Lett 2020; 22:3180-3184. [PMID: 32255635 PMCID: PMC7369029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A generally useful palladium-catalyzed method for the asymmetric allylic amination with a large variety of isatins, sulfonamides, imides, amines, and N-heterocycles is introduced. A single protocol with a readily available catalyst accomplishes this reaction at room temperature with high yields and enantioselectivities often exceeding 90%, which is demonstrated with 31 examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán C Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Kaluvu Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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Masson-Makdissi J, Jang YJ, Prieto L, Taylor MS, Lautens M. Rhodium-Catalyzed Tandem Isomerization–Allylation: From Diallyl Carbonates to α-Quaternary Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Masson-Makdissi
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Liher Prieto
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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