1
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Yamada K, Kaiho T. Field-stepwise-swept solid-state 127I NMR of 1,4-diiodobenzene. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2023; 128:101905. [PMID: 38056375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2023.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Field-stepwise-swept solid-state 127I NMR experiments of 1,4-diiodobenzene, C6H4I2, applied to a Zeeman-perturbed NQR region, have been presented. A series of QCPMG measurements is performed at T = 90 K with resonant frequencies of 271 MHz in the range of magnetic fields from 2.5 T to zero with the interval of 12 mT. The spectral simulation, in which a numerical calculation involves the diagonalization of the combined Zeeman-quadrupolar Hamiltonian, provides quadrupole coupling constant (CQ) = 1863(5) MHz and the asymmetry parameter (ηQ) = 0.04(2). The 127I NQR spectrum is observed at T = 90 K, which is consistent in the above experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamada
- Interdisciplinary Science Unit, Multidisciplinary Sciences Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, Oko Campus, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Kaiho
- Godo Shigen Co. Ltd. , Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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2
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Xu Y, Calabrese M, Demitri N, Pizzi A, Nag T, Hung I, Gan Z, Resnati G, Bryce DL. Non-covalent matere bonds in perrhenates probed via ultrahigh field rhenium-185/187 NMR and zero-field NQR spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12609-12612. [PMID: 37791521 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Matere bonds (MaB) to rhenium in a set of organic perrhenates are probed via185/187Re solid-state NMR in applied magnetic fields of up to 35.2 T, and via185/187Re NQR. 185/187Re quadrupolar couplings distinguish between MaB samples and control samples, and their precise values are governed by shear strain of the ReO4- anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijue Xu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Miriam Calabrese
- Dept. Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- Dept. Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tamali Nag
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sci., University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Dept. Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - David L Bryce
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sci., University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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3
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Castro AC, Cascella M, Perutz RN, Raynaud C, Eisenstein O. Solid-State 19F NMR Chemical Shift in Square-Planar Nickel-Fluoride Complexes Linked by Halogen Bonds. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4835-4846. [PMID: 36920236 PMCID: PMC10052355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The halogen bond (XB) is a highly directional class of noncovalent interactions widely explored by experimental and computational studies. However, the NMR signature of the XB has attracted limited attention. The prediction and analysis of the solid-state NMR (SSNMR) chemical shift tensor provide useful strategies to better understand XB interactions. In this work, we employ a computational protocol for modeling and analyzing the 19F SSNMR chemical shifts previously measured in a family of square-planar trans NiII-L2-iodoaryl-fluoride (L = PEt3) complexes capable of forming self-complementary networks held by a NiF···I(C) halogen bond [Thangavadivale, V.; Chem. Sci. 2018, 9, 3767-3781]. To understand how the 19F NMR resonances of the nickel-bonded fluoride are affected by the XB, we investigate the origin of the shielding in trans-[NiF(2,3,5,6-C6F4I)(PEt3)2], trans-[NiF(2,3,4,5-C6F4I)(PEt3)2], and trans-[NiF(C6F5)(PEt3)2] in the solid state, where a XB is present in the two former systems but not in the last. We perform the 19F NMR chemical shift calculations both in periodic and molecular models. The results show that the crystal packing has little influence on the NMR signatures of the XB, and the NMR can be modeled successfully with a pair of molecules interacting via the XB. Thus, the observed difference in chemical shift between solid-state and solution NMR can be essentially attributed to the XB interaction. The very high shielding of the fluoride and its driving contributor, the most shielded component of the chemical shift tensor, are well reproduced at the 2c-ZORA level. Analysis of the factors controlling the shielding shows how the highest occupied Ni/F orbitals shield the fluoride in the directions perpendicular to the Ni-F bond and specifically perpendicular to the coordination plane. This shielding arises from the magnetic coupling of the Ni(3d)/F(2p lone pair) orbitals with the vacant σNi-F* orbital, thereby rationalizing the very highly upfield (shielded) resonance of the component (δ33) along this direction. We show that these features are characteristic of square-planar nickel-fluoride complexes. The deshielding of the fluoride in the halogen-bonded systems is attributed to an increase in the energy gap between the occupied and vacant orbitals that are mostly responsible for the paramagnetic terms, notably along the most shielded direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril C Castro
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michele Cascella
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Odile Eisenstein
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.,ICGM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
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4
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Zheng DN, Szell PMJ, Khiri S, Ovens JS, Bryce DL. Solid-state multinuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallographic investigation of the phosphorus...iodine halogen bond in a bis(dicyclohexylphenylphosphine)(1,6-diiodoperfluorohexane) cocrystal. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2022; 78:557-563. [PMID: 35702972 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622004322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Halogen bonding to phosphorus atoms remains uncommon, with relatively few examples reported in the literature. Here, the preparation and investigation of the cocrystal bis(dicyclohexylphenylphosphine)(1,6-diiodoperfluorohexane) by X-ray crystallography and solid-state multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is described. The crystal structure features two crystallographically unique C-I...P halogen bonds [dI...P = 3.090 (5) Å, 3.264 (5) Å] and crystallographic disorder of one of the 1,6-diiodoperfluorohexane molecules. The first of these is the shortest and most linear I...P halogen bond reported to date. 13C, 19F, and 31P magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectra are reported. A 31P chemical shift change of -7.0 p.p.m. in the cocrystal relative to pure dicyclohexylphenylphosphine, consistent with halogen bond formation, is noted. This work establishes iodoperfluoroalkanes as viable halogen bond donors when paired with phosphorus acceptors, and also shows that dicyclohexylphenylphosphine can act as a practical halogen bond acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ni Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Patrick M J Szell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Safaa Khiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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5
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Scheiner S, Hunter S. Influence of Substituents in the Benzene Ring on the Halogen Bond of Iodobenzene with Ammonia. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200011. [PMID: 35099849 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects on the CI··N halogen bond between iodobenzene and NH3 of placing various substituents on the phenyl ring are monitored by quantum calculations. Substituents R = N(CH3)2, NH2, CH3, OCH3, COCH3, Cl, F, COH, CN, and NO2 were each placed ortho, meta, and para to the I. The depth of the σ-hole on I is deepened as R became more electron-withdrawing which is reflected in a strengthening of the halogen bond, which varied between 3.3 and 5.5 kcal/mol. In most cases, the ortho placement yields the largest perturbation, followed by meta and then para, but this trend is not universal. Parallel to these substituent effects is a progressive lengthening of the covalent C-I bond. Formation of the halogen bond reduces the NMR chemical shielding of all three nuclei directly involved in the C-I··N interaction. The deshielding of the electron donor N is most closely correlated with the strength of the bond, as is the coupling constant between I and N, so both have potential use as spectroscopic measures of halogen bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Utah State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 0300 Old Main Hill, 84322-0300, Logan, UNITED STATES
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6
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Yan Z, Zhang F, Liu X, Liu L, Si Y, Yu J, Zhang P, Ding B. Molecular Cage-Mediated Radial Gradient Porous Sponge Nanofiber for Selective Adsorption of a Mustard Gas Simulant. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47835-47844. [PMID: 34559509 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poisons and poisonous weapons in armed conflict, especially chemical warfare agents (CWAs), pose serious threats to global security. Porous materials have recently been regarded as promising candidates to defend personnel in a CWA-contaminated environment, but challenges remain for integrating these materials into protective garments without sacrificing the intrinsic flexibility of fibers. Here, we report a rigid-flexible coupling hypercross-linking methodology to create flexible sponge-like nanofibers featuring hierarchical radial gradient porous nanoarchitectures, in which the inner structure is a mesoporous multichambered network, and the outer structure is a dense domain with a microporous network structure. Experimental and computational evidence supports the contention that sponge nanofibers with distinctive pore topology and robust bendability can be designed by manipulating the flexibility of building blocks. The resulting heterogeneous nanofibers exhibit integrated properties of spatially selective superstructures, abundant micropores, interconnected mesopores, a high surface area (579 m2 g-1), remarkable flexibility, and exceptional CWA affinity, which are extraordinarily effective for adsorptive performance (498 mg g-1). The successful synthesis of these materials might inspire the development of chemical protective materials in an efficient, self-standing, and structurally adaptive form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishuo Yan
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Si
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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7
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Anyfanti G, Bauzá A, Gentiluomo L, Rodrigues J, Portalone G, Frontera A, Rissanen K, Puttreddy R. Short X···N Halogen Bonds With Hexamethylenetetraamine as the Acceptor. Front Chem 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.623595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and N-haloimides form two types of short (imide)X···N and X–X···N (X = Br, I) halogen bonds. Nucleophilic substitution or ligand-exchange reaction on the peripheral X of X–X···N with the chloride of N-chlorosuccinimide lead to Cl–X···N halogen-bonded complexes. The 1:1 complexation of HMTA and ICl manifests the shortest I···N halogen bond [2.272(5) Å] yet reported for an HMTA acceptor. Two halogen-bonded organic frameworks are prepared using 1:4 molar ratio of HMTA and N-bromosuccinimide, each with a distinct channel shape, one possessing oval and the other square grid. The variations in channel shapes are due to tridentate and tetradentate (imide)Br···N coordination modes of HMTA. Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies are performed to gain insights into (imide)X···N interaction strengths (ΔEint). The calculated ΔEint values for (imide)Br···N (−11.2 to −12.5 kcal/mol) are smaller than the values for (imide)I···N (−8.4 to −29.0 kcal/mol). The DFT additivity analysis of (imide)Br···N motifs demonstrates Br···N interaction strength gradually decreasing from 1:1 to 1:3 HMTA:N-bromosuccinimide complexes. Exceptionally similar charge density values ρ(r) for N–I covalent bond and I···N non-covalent bond of a (saccharin)N–I···N motif signify the covalent character for I···N halogen bonding.
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8
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Otte F, Kleinheider J, Hiller W, Wang R, Englert U, Strohmann C. Weak yet Decisive: Molecular Halogen Bond and Competing Weak Interactions of Iodobenzene and Quinuclidine. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4133-4137. [PMID: 33687197 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The halogen bonded adduct between the commonly used constituents quinuclidine and iodobenzene is based on a single weak nitrogen-iodine contact, and the isolation of this adduct was initially unexpected. Iodobenzene does not contain any electron-withdrawing group and therefore represents an unconventional halogen bond donor. Based on excellent diffraction data of high resolution, an electron density study was successfully accomplished and confirmed one of the longest N···I molecular halogen bonds with a distance of 2.9301(4) Å. The topological analysis identified the XB as a directional but weak σ hole interaction and revealed secondary contacts between peripheral regions of opposite charge. These additional contacts and their competition with a nitrogen-based interaction were confirmed by NOESY experiments in solution. Integration enabled us to determine the relative NOE ratios and provided insight regarding the existing interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Otte
- TU Dortmund University, Inorganic Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleinheider
- TU Dortmund University, Inorganic Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- TU Dortmund University, Inorganic Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany.,TU Dortmund University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ruimin Wang
- RWTH Aachen University, Inorganic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52056, Aachen, Germany.,Shanxi University, Institute of Molecular Science, Wucheng Road 92, 030006, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Ulli Englert
- RWTH Aachen University, Inorganic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52056, Aachen, Germany.,Shanxi University, Institute of Molecular Science, Wucheng Road 92, 030006, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- TU Dortmund University, Inorganic Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
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9
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Anyfanti G, Bauzá A, Gentiluomo L, Rodrigues J, Portalone G, Frontera A, Rissanen K, Puttreddy R. Short X···N Halogen Bonds With Hexamethylenetetraamine as the Acceptor. Front Chem 2021; 9:623595. [PMID: 33996740 PMCID: PMC8116742 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.623595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and N-haloimides form two types of short (imide)X···N and X-X···N (X = Br, I) halogen bonds. Nucleophilic substitution or ligand-exchange reaction on the peripheral X of X-X···N with the chloride of N-chlorosuccinimide lead to Cl-X···N halogen-bonded complexes. The 1:1 complexation of HMTA and ICl manifests the shortest I···N halogen bond [2.272(5) Å] yet reported for an HMTA acceptor. Two halogen-bonded organic frameworks are prepared using 1:4 molar ratio of HMTA and N-bromosuccinimide, each with a distinct channel shape, one possessing oval and the other square grid. The variations in channel shapes are due to tridentate and tetradentate (imide)Br···N coordination modes of HMTA. Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies are performed to gain insights into (imide)X···N interaction strengths (ΔEint). The calculated ΔEint values for (imide)Br···N (-11.2 to -12.5 kcal/mol) are smaller than the values for (imide)I···N (-8.4 to -29.0 kcal/mol). The DFT additivity analysis of (imide)Br···N motifs demonstrates Br···N interaction strength gradually decreasing from 1:1 to 1:3 HMTA:N-bromosuccinimide complexes. Exceptionally similar charge density values ρ(r) for N-I covalent bond and I···N non-covalent bond of a (saccharin)N-I···N motif signify the covalent character for I···N halogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goulielmina Anyfanti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca (Balearus), Spain
| | - Lorenzo Gentiluomo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - João Rodrigues
- Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Portalone
- Department of Chemistry, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca (Balearus), Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio Frontera
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Kari Rissanen
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Rakesh Puttreddy
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10
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Hibe Y, Noda Y, Takegoshi K, Takeda K. Rapid survey of nuclear quadrupole resonance by broadband excitation with comb modulation and dual-mode acquisition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25584-25592. [PMID: 33146658 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) provides spectra carrying information as to the electric-field gradient around nuclei with a spin quantum number I > 1/2 and offers helpful clues toward characterizing the electronic structure of materials of chemical interest. A major challenge in NQR is finding hitherto unknown resonance frequencies, which can scatter over a wide range, requiring time consuming repetitive measurements with stepwise frequency increments. Here, we report on an efficient, two-step NQR protocol by bringing rapid-scan and frequency-comb together. In the first step, wideband excitation and simultaneous signal acquisition, both realized by a non-adiabatic, frequency-swept hyperbolic secant (HS) pulse with comb modulation, offers a clue for the existence/absence of the resonance within the frequency region under investigation. When and only when the sign of the resonance has been detected, the second step is implemented to compensate the limited detection bandwidth of the first and to unambiguously determine the NQR frequency. We also study the spin dynamics under the comb-modulated HS pulse by numerical simulations, and experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme, which is referred to as RApid-Scan with GApped excitation with Dual-mode Operation (RASGADO) NQR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hibe
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan.
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11
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Mikherdov AS, Novikov AS, Boyarskiy VP, Kukushkin VY. The halogen bond with isocyano carbon reduces isocyanide odor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2921. [PMID: 32523100 PMCID: PMC7286913 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predominantly, carbon atoms of various species function as acceptors of noncovalent interactions when they are part of a π-system. Here, we report on the discovery of a halogen bond involving the isocyano carbon lone pair. The co-crystallization or mechanochemical liquid-assisted grinding of model mesityl isocyanide with four iodoperfluorobenezenes leads to a series of halogen-bonded adducts with isocyanides. The obtained adducts were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state IR and 13C NMR spectroscopies, and also by thermogravimetric analysis. The formation of the halogen bond with the isocyano group leads to a strong reduction of the isocyanide odor (3- to 46-fold gas phase concentration decrease). This manipulation makes isocyanides more suitable for laboratory storage and usage while preserving their reactivity, which is found to be similar between the adducts and the parent isocyanide in some common transformations, such as ligation to metal centers and the multi-component Ugi reaction. Carbon atoms of various species typically function as acceptors of noncovalent interactions when they are part of a π-system. Here, the authors report their discovery of a noncovalent halogen bond involving the isocyano carbon lone pair, which results in adducts with strongly reduced isocyanide odor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Mikherdov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim P Boyarskiy
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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12
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Xu Y, Szell PM, Kumar V, Bryce DL. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of element-based non-covalent interactions. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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von der Heiden D, Vanderkooy A, Erdélyi M. Halogen bonding in solution: NMR spectroscopic approaches. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Rinald A, Wu G. A Modified Townes-Dailey Model for Interpretation and Visualization of Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Tensors in Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1176-1186. [PMID: 31968940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a modified Townes-Dailey (TD) model to help interpret and visualize experimentally measurable nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors (thus the electric field gradient tensors) in molecules. We show that within the framework of the TD model each principal component of the nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor is directly related to a new quantity termed as the valence p-orbital population anisotropy (VPPA or ΔP) in the same direction. Although the proposed model is a simple reformulation of the original TD model thus does not introduce new physics, the concept of VPPA makes it possible to directly interpret as well as visualize in a much straightforward way the experimentally determined nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors in molecules. We illustrate the utilization of VPPA using nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors for 11B, 14N, 17O, 35Cl, 79Br, and 127I nuclei in a variety of molecules. We propose to use VPPA or ΔP ellipsoid representation as a means of visualizing/displaying nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors in the molecular frame. We show the usefulness of the VPPA concept in providing a unifying explanation for seemingly different types of molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, and frustrated Lewis pairs. We further suggest that VPPA can be used as a universal measure of the ability of any element in the entire p-block of the periodic table (groups 13-16) to interact with nucleophiles (e.g., formation of chalcogen, pnictogen, tetrel, and triel bonds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rinald
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada K7L 3N6
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