1
|
Bennett SH, Bestwick JS, Demertzidou VP, Jones DJ, Jones HE, Richard F, Homer JA, Street-Jeakings R, Tiberia AF, Lawrence AL. Stereoretentive enantioconvergent reactions. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1177-1183. [PMID: 38632365 PMCID: PMC11230902 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Enantioconvergent reactions are pre-eminent in contemporary asymmetric synthesis as they convert both enantiomers of a racemic starting material into a single enantioenriched product, thus avoiding the maximum 50% yield associated with resolutions. All currently known enantioconvergent processes necessitate the loss or partial loss of the racemic substrate's stereochemical information, thus limiting the potential substrate scope to molecules that contain labile stereogenic units. Here we present an alternative approach to enantioconvergent reactions that can proceed with full retention of the racemic substrate's configuration. This uniquely stereo-economic approach is possible if the two enantiomers of a racemic starting material are joined together to form one enantiomer of a non-meso product. Experimental validation of this concept is presented using two distinct strategies: (1) a direct asymmetric coupling approach, and (2) a multicomponent approach, which exhibits statistical amplification of enantiopurity. Thus, the established dogma that enantioconvergent reactions require substrates that contain labile stereogenic units is shown to be incorrect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Bennett
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacob S Bestwick
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - David J Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helen E Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - François Richard
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joshua A Homer
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Andrew F Tiberia
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew L Lawrence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stojalnikova V, Webster SJ, Liu K, Fletcher SP. Chelation enables selectivity control in enantioconvergent Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings on acyclic allylic systems. Nat Chem 2024; 16:791-799. [PMID: 38332329 PMCID: PMC11087250 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings with aryl boronic acids and allylic electrophiles are a powerful method to convert racemic mixtures into enantioenriched products. Currently, enantioconvergent allylic arylations are limited to substrates that are symmetrical about the allylic unit, and the absence of strategies to control regio-, E/Z- and enantioselectivity in acyclic allylic systems is a major restriction. Here, using a system capable of either conjugate addition or allylic arylation, we have discovered the structural features and experimental conditions that allow an acyclic system to undergo chemo- and regioselective, enantioconvergent allylic Suzuki-Miyaura-type arylation. A wide variety of boronic acid coupling partners can be used, and both alkyl and aromatic substituents are tolerated on the allylic unit so that a wide variety of structures can be obtained. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the chelating ability of the ester group is crucial to obtaining high regio- and enantioselectivity. Using this method, we were able to synthesize the natural products (S)-curcumene and (S)-4,7-dimethyl-1-tetralone and the clinically used antidepressant sertraline (Zoloft).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J Webster
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Fletcher
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chi Z, Liao JB, Cheng X, Ye Z, Yuan W, Lin YM, Gong L. Asymmetric Cross-Coupling of Aldehydes with Diverse Carbonyl or Iminyl Compounds by Photoredox-Mediated Cobalt Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10857-10867. [PMID: 38587540 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric cross-coupling of unsaturated bonds, hampered by their comparable polarity and reactivity, as well as the scarcity of efficient catalytic systems capable of diastereo- and enantiocontrol, presents a significant hurdle in organic synthesis. In this study, we introduce a highly adaptable photochemical cobalt catalysis framework that facilitates chemo- and stereoselective reductive cross-couplings between common aldehydes with a broad array of carbonyl and iminyl compounds, including N-acylhydrazones, aryl ketones, aldehydes, and α-keto esters. Our methodology hinges on a synergistic mechanism driven by photoredox-induced single-electron reduction and subsequent radical-radical coupling, all precisely guided by a chiral cobalt catalyst. Various optically enriched β-amino alcohols and unsymmetrical 1,2-diol derivatives (80 examples) have been synthesized with good yields (up to 90% yield) and high stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, 99% ee). Of particular note, this approach accomplishes unattainable photochemical asymmetric transformations of aldehydes with disparate carbonyl partners without reliance on any external photosensitizer, thereby further emphasizing its versatility and cost-efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jia-Bin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiuliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang M, Lee PS, Allais C, Singer RA, Morken JP. Desymmetrization of Vicinal Bis(boronic) Esters by Enantioselective Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023:10.1021/jacs.3c01571. [PMID: 37023255 PMCID: PMC10556193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of an enantioselective catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura reaction that applies to meso 1,2-diborylcycloalkanes is described. This reaction provides a modular route to enantiomerically enriched substituted carbocycles and heterocycles that retain a synthetically versatile boronic ester. With appropriately constructed substrates, compounds bearing additional stereogenic centers and fully substituted carbon atoms can be generated in a straightforward fashion. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest that substrate activation arises from the cooperative effect of vicinal boronic esters during the transmetalation step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Paul S. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Christophe Allais
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert A. Singer
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James P. Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghosh S, Changotra A, Petrone DA, Isomura M, Carreira EM, Sunoj RB. Role of Noncovalent Interactions in Inducing High Enantioselectivity in an Alcohol Reductive Deoxygenation Reaction Involving a Planar Carbocationic Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2884-2900. [PMID: 36695526 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of planar carbocation intermediates is generally considered undesirable in asymmetric catalysis due to the difficulty in gaining facial control and their intrinsic stability issues. Recently, suitably designed chiral catalyst(s) have enabled a guided approach of nucleophiles to one of the prochiral faces of carbocations affording high enantiocontrol. Herein, we present the vital mechanistic insights from our comprehensive density functional theory (B3LYP-D3) study on a chiral Ir-phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric reductive deoxygenation of racemic tertiary α-substituted allenylic alcohols. The catalytic transformation relies on the synergistic action of a phosphoramidite-modified Ir catalyst and Bi(OTf)3, first leading to the formation of an Ir-π-allenyl carbocation intermediate through a turn-over-determining SN1 ionization, followed by a face-selective hydride transfer from a Hantzsch ester analogue to yield an enantioenriched product. Bi(OTf)3 was found to promote a significant number of ionic interactions as well as noncovalent interactions (NCIs) with the catalyst and the substrates (allenylic alcohol and Hantzsch ester), thus providing access to a lower energy route as compared to the pathways devoid of Bi(OTf)3. In the nucleophilic addition, the chiral induction was found to depend on the number and efficacy of such key NCIs. The curious case of reversal of enantioselectivity, when the α-substituent of the allenyl alcohol is changed from methyl to cyclopropyl, was identified to originate from a change in mechanism from an enantioconvergent pathway (α-methyl) to a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (α-cyclopropyl). These molecular insights could lead to newer strategies to tame tertiary carbocations in enantioselective reactions using suitable combinations of catalysts and additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Avtar Changotra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - David A Petrone
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mayuko Isomura
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mishra S, Modicom FCT, Dean CL, Fletcher SP. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of carbocyclic C-nucleosides. Commun Chem 2022; 5:154. [PMID: 36439888 PMCID: PMC9676730 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to carbocyclic C-nucleosides (CC-Ns) is currently restricted. The few methods available to make CC-Ns suffer from long syntheses and poor modularity, hindering the examination of potentially important chemical space. Here we report an approach to CC-Ns which uses an asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura type reaction as the key C-C bond forming step. After coupling the densely functionalized racemic bicyclic allyl chloride and heterocyclic boronic acids, the trisubstituted cyclopentenyl core is elaborated to RNA analogues via a hydroborylation-homologation-oxidation sequence. We demonstrate that the approach can be used to produce a variety of enantiomerically enriched CC-Ns, including a carbocyclic derivative of Showdomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Florian C. T. Modicom
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Conor L. Dean
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cunningham L, Portela MS, Fletcher SP. Scale-Up of a Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric sp 3–sp 2 Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:3153-3160. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | | | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Goetzke FW, Christensen KE, Fletcher SP. Asymmetric Synthesis of Nortropanes via Rh-Catalyzed Allylic Arylation. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8995-9002. [PMID: 35966601 PMCID: PMC9361292 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Tropane derivatives are extensively used in medicine,
but catalytic
asymmetric methods for their synthesis are underexplored. Here, we
report Rh-catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura-type cross-coupling
reactions between a racemic N-Boc-nortropane-derived
allylic chloride and (hetero)aryl boronic esters. The reaction proceeds via an unexpected kinetic resolution, and the resolved enantiopure
allyl chloride can undergo highly enantiospecific reactions with N-,
O-, and S-containing nucleophiles. The method was applied in a highly
stereoselective formal synthesis of YZJ-1139(1), a potential insomnia
treatment that recently completed Phase II clinical trials. Our report
represents an asymmetric catalytic method for the synthesis of YZJ-1139(1)
and related compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - F. Wieland Goetzke
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu Q, Guan H, Wang YE, Xiong D, Lin T, Xue F, Mao J. Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling between Vinyl Bromides and Benzyl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8048-8058. [PMID: 35666844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted nickel/photoredox-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reaction between vinyl bromides and benzyl chlorides is reported. A diverse array of enantioenriched allylic centers containing products could be achieved in good yields (up to 90%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee). The mechanistic studies show that this reductive cross-coupling involves a radical pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Haixing Guan
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.,Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tingzhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hedouin G, Hazra S, Gallou F, Handa S. The Catalytic Formation of Atropisomers and Stereocenters via Asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura Couplings. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Hedouin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S. Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Susanta Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S. Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S. Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Z, Górski B, Leonori D. Merging Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT) and Copper Catalysis for the Modular Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Iodides and Organoborons. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1986-1992. [PMID: 35061390 PMCID: PMC9098170 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report here a mechanistically
distinct approach to achieve Suzuki–Miyaura-type
cross-couplings between alkyl iodides and aryl organoborons. This
process requires a copper catalyst but, in contrast with previous
approaches based on palladium and nickel systems, does not utilizes
the metal for the activation of the alkyl electrophile. Instead, this
strategy exploits the halogen-atom-transfer ability of α-aminoalkyl
radicals to convert secondary alkyl iodides into the corresponding
alkyl radicals that then are coupled with aryl, vinyl, alkynyl, benzyl,
and allyl boronate species. These novel coupling reactions feature
a simple setup and conditions (1 h at room temperature) and facilitate
access to privileged motifs targeted by the pharmaceutical sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Bartosz Górski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van Dijk L, Fletcher SP. Rh-catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
A catalytic asymmetric cross-coupling approach to the synthesis of cyclobutanes. Nat Chem 2021; 13:880-886. [PMID: 34211118 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stereodefined four-membered rings are common motifs in bioactive molecules and versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. However, the synthesis of complex, chiral cyclobutanes is a largely unsolved problem and there is a need for general and modular synthetic methods. Here we report a series of asymmetric cross-coupling reactions between cyclobutenes and arylboronic acids which are initiated by Rh-catalysed asymmetric carbometallation. After the initial carborhodation, Rh-cyclobutyl intermediates undergo chain-walking or C-H insertion so that overall a variety of additions such as reductive Heck reactions, 1,5-addition and homoallylic substitution are observed. The synthetic applicability of these highly stereoselective transformations is demonstrated in the concise syntheses of the drug candidates Belaperidone and PF-04862853. We anticipate this approach will be widely adopted by synthetic and medicinal chemists. While the carbometallation approach reported here is exemplified with Rh and arylboronic acids, it is likely to be applicable to other metals and nucleophiles.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fletcher SP, Goetzke FW. Additions to Racemates: A Strategy for Developing Asymmetric Cross-Coupling Reactions. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this Account, the authors describe their progress in developing catalytic asymmetric C(sp3)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–C(sp2) cross-coupling reactions. Whereas most catalytic enantioselective transformations rely on prochiral or meso starting materials, strategies that use racemic starting materials are rare. Key features of these reactions are efficient mechanisms for deracemization. Here, the authors present copper-catalyzed alkylation and rhodium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura-type arylation reactions, their underlying mechanisms, and their applications in complex-molecule syntheses.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu C, Ji C, Zhou T, Hong X, Szostak M. Bimetallic Cooperative Catalysis for Decarbonylative Heteroarylation of Carboxylic Acids via C‐O/C‐H Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Chong‐Lei Ji
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu C, Ji CL, Zhou T, Hong X, Szostak M. Bimetallic Cooperative Catalysis for Decarbonylative Heteroarylation of Carboxylic Acids via C-O/C-H Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10690-10699. [PMID: 33596335 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative bimetallic catalysis is a fundamental approach in modern synthetic chemistry. We report bimetallic cooperative catalysis for the direct decarbonylative heteroarylation of ubiquitous carboxylic acids via acyl C-O/C-H coupling. This novel catalytic system exploits the cooperative action of a copper catalyst and a palladium catalyst in decarbonylation, which enables highly chemoselective synthesis of important heterobiaryl motifs through the coupling of carboxylic acids with heteroarenes in the absence of prefunctionalization or directing groups. This cooperative decarbonylative method uses common carboxylic acids and shows a remarkably broad substrate scope (>70 examples), including late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and streamlined synthesis of bioactive agents. Extensive mechanistic and computational studies were conducted to gain insight into the mechanism of the reaction. The key step involves intersection of the two catalytic cycles via transmetallation of the copper-aryl species with the palladium(II) intermediate generated by oxidative addition/decarbonylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Chong-Lei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mechanistic investigation of Rh(i)-catalysed asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with racemic allyl halides. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Su X, Ye L, Chen J, Liu X, Jiang S, Wang F, Liu L, Yang C, Chang X, Li Z, Gu Q, Liu X. Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross‐Coupling of Racemic Alkyl Bromides with Azole C(sp
2
)−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Long Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Baoji University of Arts and Sciences Baoji Shaanxi 721013 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu Ye
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ji‐Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Sheng‐Peng Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Fu‐Li Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lin Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chang‐Jiang Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiao‐Yong Chang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhong‐Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qiang‐Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xin‐Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang SP, Dong XY, Gu QS, Ye L, Li ZL, Liu XY. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Radical Suzuki-Miyaura C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19652-19659. [PMID: 33146993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent Suzuki-Miyaura C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-coupling of various racemic alkyl halides with organoboronate esters has been established in high enantioselectivity. Critical to the success is the use of a chiral cinchona alkaloid-derived N,N,P-ligand for not only enhancing the reducing capability of copper catalyst to favor a stereoablative radical pathway over a stereospecific SN2-type process but also providing an ideal chiral environment to achieve the challenging enantiocontrol over the highly reactive radical species. The reaction has a broad scope with respect to both coupling partners, covering aryl- and heteroarylboronate esters, as well as benzyl-, heterobenzyl-, and propargyl bromides and chlorides with good functional group compatibility. Thus, it provides expedient access toward a range of useful enantioenriched skeletons featuring chiral tertiary benzylic stereocenters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Peng Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Dong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Su XL, Ye L, Chen JJ, Liu XD, Jiang SP, Wang FL, Liu L, Yang CJ, Chang XY, Li ZL, Gu QS, Liu XY. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross-Coupling of Racemic Alkyl Bromides with Azole C(sp 2 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:380-384. [PMID: 32949177 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of enantioconvergent cross-coupling of racemic alkyl halides directly with heteroarene C(sp2 )-H bonds has been impeded by the use of a base at elevated temperature that leads to racemization. We herein report a copper(I)/cinchona-alkaloid-derived N,N,P-ligand catalytic system that enables oxidative addition with racemic alkyl bromides under mild conditions. Thus, coupling with azole C(sp2 )-H bonds has been achieved in high enantioselectivity, affording a number of potentially useful α-chiral alkylated azoles, such as 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, oxazoles, and benzo[d]oxazoles as well as 1,3,4-triazoles, for drug discovery. Mechanistic experiments indicated facile deprotonation of an azole C(sp2 )-H bond and the involvement of alkyl radical species under the reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721013, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fu-Li Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yoshinaga Y, Yamamoto T, Suginome M. Enantioconvergent Cu-Catalyzed Intramolecular C-C Coupling at Boron-Bound C(sp 3) Atoms of α-Aminoalkylboronates Using a C1-Symmetrical 2,2'-Bipyridyl Ligand Attached to a Helically Chiral Macromolecular Scaffold. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18317-18323. [PMID: 33063989 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enantioconvergent intramolecular coupling of α-(2-bromobenzoylamino)benzylboronic esters was achieved using a copper catalyst having helically chiral macromolecular bipyridyl ligand, PQXbpy. Racemic α-(2-bromobenzoylamino)benzylboronic esters were converted into (R)-configured 3-arylisoindolinones with high enantiopurity using right-handed helical PQXbpy as a chiral ligand in a toluene/CHCl3 mixed solvent. When enantiopure (R)- and (S)-configured boronates were separately reacted under the same reaction conditions, both afforded (R)-configured products through formal stereoinvertive and stereoretentive processes, respectively. From these results, a mechanism involving deracemization of organocopper intermediates in the presence of PQXbpy is assumed. PQXbpy switched its helical sense to left-handed when a toluene/1,1,2-trichloroethane mixed solvent was used, resulting in the formation of the corresponding (S)-products from the racemic starting material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Yoshinaga
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Michinori Suginome
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kučera R, Goetzke FW, Fletcher SP. An Asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura Approach to Prostaglandins: Synthesis of Tafluprost. Org Lett 2020; 22:2991-2994. [PMID: 32216289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of Tafluprost (1), a prostaglandin analogue. This synthesis demonstrates a new approach to prostaglandins involving symmetrization and desymmetrization of a racemic precursor to control the absolute and relative stereochemistry of the cyclopentyl core. Key steps include a diastereo- and enantioselective Rh-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of a racemic bicyclic allyl chloride and an alkenyl boronic acid and a regio- and diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost reaction with an enolate surrogate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kučera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - F Wieland Goetzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Stephen P Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pareek M, Sunoj RB. Energetics of Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation in Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Goetzke FW, Mortimore M, Fletcher SP. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling with Racemic Bicycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12128-12132. [PMID: 31246358 PMCID: PMC6771587 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a rhodium‐catalyzed enantio‐ and diastereoselective Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling between racemic fused bicyclic allylic chlorides and boronic acids. The highly stereoselective transformation allows for the coupling of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkenyl boronic acids and gives access to functionalized bicyclic cyclopentenes, which can be converted into other five‐membered‐ring scaffolds with up to five contiguous stereocenters. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that these reactions occur with overall retention of the relative stereochemistry and are enantioconvergent for pseudo‐symmetric allylic chloride starting materials. In addition, a bicyclic allylic chloride starting material without pseudo‐symmetry undergoes a highly enantioselective regiodivergent reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Wieland Goetzke
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Mike Mortimore
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd, 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RW, UK
| | - Stephen P Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|